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HANDBOUND 
AT  THE 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
TORONTO  PRESS 


- 


THE  GILD  MERCHANT 


GXOSS 


VOL.  II. 


HENRY    FROWDE 


OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS  WAREHOUSE 
AMEN  CORNER,  E.G. 


THE 


GILD    MERCHANT 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO 


Britisb   flDunicipal 


BY 


CHARLES     GROSS,     PH.D. 

INSTRUCTOR    IN    HISTORY,    HARVARD   UNIVERSITY 


VOLUME     II 


AT    THE    CLARENDON    PRESS 
1890 

[  All  rights  reserved  ] 


PRINTED    AT    THE    CLARENDON    PRESS 

BY  HORACE  HART,  PRINTER  TO  THE  UNIVERSITY 


v^ 


CONTENTS. 


PROOFS   AND  ILLUSTRATIONS:— 

ALNWICK 

*ANDOVER  ..... 

AXBRIDGE       ..... 

BARNSTAPLE  .... 

BEAUMARIS    ..... 

BEDFORD        ..... 

BERWICK 

BEVERLEY  

*BRIDGWATER  .... 
*BRISTOL 

BURFORD       ..... 

BURY  ST.  EDMUND'S     . 

CALNE    ...... 

CANTERBURY  .... 
*CARLISLE 

*CHESTER  .... 

. 

CHESTERFIELD       .         . 

CHICHESTER  .... 

CONWAY 
*COVENTRY  . 

DERBY  . 

DEVIZES 
*DORCHESTER 

DROGHEDA    . 

*DUBLIN 
*DUNHEVED       . 
*EXETER 

FAVERSHAM  . 
GAINSBOROUGH 
*GUILDFORD    . 


' 


PAGE 

i-3 
3-12 

12 

12-15 
I5-I6 

16-18 

1 8-20 

21-23 
23-24 

24-28 
28-29 

29-36 

36-37 
37-38 
38-40 

40-46 

46-47 
47-48 

48 
48-51 

51-53 
53-56 
56-58 
58-59 
59-85 
85-86 
86-89 
89  91 

91 

91-106 
106-107 
107-108 


*  See  also  Supplementary  Proofs  and  Illustrations,  pp.  289-392. 


VI 


Contents* 


PAGE 

HELSTON 108 

HENLEY-ON-THAMES 108-109 

HEREFORD .  109-110 

HULL 110-114 

*!PSWICH         .         .         .        .        .        .         .         .        .         .         .  114-132 

KENFIG 132-134 

KILKENNY 134-136 

LEICESTER      .         .         . .  136-144 

LEWES  .         .        .         .         . 145 

LICHFIELD 145  146 

*LlNCOLN            146-147 

LIVERPOOL .  148-150 

LLANTRISSAINT  ..........  150 

*LYNN  REGIS           ..........  151-170 

MACCLESFIELD        .        ..         .        .        .         .        .         .         .  171 

MALMESBURY  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  171-173 

MARLBOROUGH ,  173-174 

NANTWICH  ...........  174-175 

NEATH ITS"1?? 

NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME 177-182 

*NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE 182-188 

NEW.PORT  ...........  189 

NORWICH 189-190 

NOTTINGHAM 190-191 

OSWESTRY 191-192 

*OXFORD 192-194 

PRESTON 194-201 

READING 202-209 

SALISBURY    ...........  209-210 

SHREWSBURY         ..........  210-213 

SOUTHAMPTON 213-234 

SWANSEA 234-235 

TOTNES          235-244 

WALLINGFORD 244-248 

WALSALL 248-250 

WEXFORD 250-251 

*WILTON 251 

*WlNCHESTER              . 251-270 

WINDSOR 270-272 

WORCESTER  ...........  272-276 

WYCOMBE 276-277 

*YARMOUTH 277-279 

YORK 279-285 

YOUGHAL 285-288 

*  See  also  Supplementary  Proofs  and  Illustrations,  pp.  289-392. 


Contents, 


Vll 


PAGE 

SUPPLEMENTARY  PROOFS  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS:— 

•(•ANDOVER 289  351 

BATH 351 

•(•BOSTON 352 

•(•BRIDGWATER 353 

BRISTOL         .                 .                 353-355 

BUILTH 355-356 

CAERWYS       .                 .                          ...                          .  356-357 

CAMBRIDGE    ...........  357  358 

CARDIFF                  358-359 

CARDIGAN      ...........  359 

•(•CARLISLE 359~36o 

•(•CHESTER        .        .         .         .         .         .        .         .        .         .         .  360-362 

ClRENCESTER              ..........  363-364 

•(•COVENTRY 364-365 

•(•DORCHESTER         ..........  365-370 

fDuBLiN 370 

•(•DUNHEVED    ...........  370-371 

fExETER 371-373 

GLOUCESTER 373~374 

•(•GUILDFORD .  375 

HOPE 375-376 

•(•IPSWICH 376-377 

•(•LINCOLN 377  379 

•(•LYNN  REGIS 379-380 

•(-NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE 380-385 

NEWTON 385-386 

•(•OXFORD 386-387 

PETERSFIELD 387 

ROCHESTER 387-388 

SCARBOROUGH 388 

WEARMOUTH          ..........  388 

WELSHPOOL 389 

•(•WILTON 389-390 

•(•WINCHESTER 390-391 

WOODSTOCK 392 

•(•YARMOUTH 392 

GLOSSARY  393-422 

INDEX  423-447 


f  See  also  Proofs  and  Illustrations,  pp.  1-288. 


ADDITIONS   AND  CORRECTIONS. 


P.  3,1.  27,  for '4 'read '14.' 

P.  4, 1.  5,  for  '  Ercheband '  read  '  Erchebaud.' 

P.  4, 1.  20.  for  '  tersegis '  read  *  cersegis,'  i.  e.  Kersey.    See  the  Glossary. 

P.  4, 1.  23,  for  '  ispania  ;  et  promittant  etiam '  read  *  ispania  et  permissent 
[i.  e.  permiscent] ;  et.' 

P.  5, 11.  24,  25,  for  'Ercheband '  read  '  Erchebaud.' 

P.  5, 1.  28,  after  '  gildam '  insert  *  suam.' 

P.  5, 1.  6  from  bottom,  for  '  Feugal '  read  '  Fugel.' 

PP.  6,  7,  passim,  for  'in  rotulo'  the  correct  reading  is  probably  'in  re- 
spectu.'  The  contraction  in  the  MSS.  is  generally  '  in  ru.' 

P.  7, 1.  9,  for  *  inseratur  in  rotulo '  read  f  inquiratur  in  rotul[is].' 

P.  7,  1.  12,  for  ( inseratur'  read  'inquiratur.' 

P.  7, 1.  22,  after  '  chit '  insert '  [?  chir'].' 

P.  7, 1.  30,  the  semi-colon  should  stand  before  '  vim.' 

P.  7,  1.  34,  after  '  'em '  insert '  [i.  e.  diem].' 

P.  8, 1.  5,  for  '  Ercheband '  read  '  Erchebaud.' 

PP.  9,  10,  11  to  line  27,  are  printed  more  fully  and  more  correctly  on 
pp.  302,  320-346. 

PP.  18-20.  For  some  more  materials  illustrating  the  history  of  the 
Berwick  Gild,  see  Scott,  Berwick,  257-260.  It  is  clear  from  his 
account  of  the  Gild  that  this  fraternity  and  the  borough  government 
were  still  distinct  in  the  fifteenth  century.  He  tells  us  (p.  257)  that 
all  debts  between  gildsmen  were  subject  to  a  settlement  at  the  hands 
of  the  Gild,  '  presided  over  by  the  Alderman  pro  anno,  rarely,  if 
ever,  by  the  Mayor.'  Scott  thinks  that  the  charter  of  James  I 
extended  the  power  of  the  Gild  over  the  whole  of  the  town's  affairs. 
It  should  also  be  noted  that  Edward  I  in  1302  granted  to  the 
burgesses  of  Berwick  a  charter  in  which  the  Gild  Merchant  is 
mentioned  as  one  of  the  municipal  privileges.  (Ibid.,  246,  247.) 


x  aitoitions  anti  Corrections, 

P.  22, 1.  2,  *  Sancti  Johannis '  refers  to  the  collegiate  Church  of  St.  John 
at  Beverley. 

P.  24, 1.  7  from  bottom.  The  passage  in  the  Red  Book  of  Bristol  referred 
to  by  Barrett  is  printed  below  on  p.  354. 

PP.  32-34.     For  corrections,  see  vol.  i.  p.  10,  n.  4. 
P.  40,  11.  6-8.    Cf.  vol.  i.  p.  1 1 8,  n.  5. 
P.  41, 1.  2.    Cf.  vol.  i.  p.  12,  n.  I. 
P.  44, 1.  19,  for  'lene '  read  'leue.' 

P.  45, 11.  14-17.  Perhaps  the  answer  to  this  quo  warranto  is  the  docu- 
ment printed  on  pp.  43-44. 

P.  48, 1. 12,  for  '  Bela,  Newburgh '  read  '  Bala,  Newborough.' 
P.  49,  1.  24,  for  *  pres '  read  '  pies.' 

PP.  51-53.  I  collated  this  document  with  the  original  MS.  in  the  Public 
Record  Office,  and  corrected  some  errors  in  the  version  printed 
by  the  Record  Commission. 

PP.  60-79.  For  the  Holy  Trinity  Gild  of  Dublin,  see  also  Gilbert,  Cal. 
of  Dublin  Records,  275,  283,  316,  438. 

P.  64, 1.  14,  for  *  asportarum  '  read  l  asport[at]arum.' 

P.  70, 1.27, 'of [tin] '  =  < often.' 

P.  89, 1.  7  from  bottom,  after  '  warden '  insert  '  [i.  e.  wardens].' 

P.  94, 1.  n,  for  '  porce '  read  'porte.' 

P.  103, 1.  6  from  bottom,  for  *  Brongavell '  read  '  Brougavell.' 

P.  118, 1.  9,  for  'quum '  read  f  quam.' 

P.  124, 1.  1 8,  after '  estoviis '  insert '  [i.  e.  estoveriis].' 

P.  124, 1.  3  from  bottom,  for  '  mi.  s.'  read  '  mi.  d! 

P.  133, 1.  6  from  bottom,  after  '  came '  insert { [Pcarue].' 

P.  139, 1.  2  from  bottom,  for  '  unies  '  read  '  mues.' 

P.  140, 1.  4,  dele  '  [i.  e.  orendreit].'    See  Glossary  s.  v.  Audreyn. 

P.  143  1.  15,  for  'abjudged'  read  '  adjudged.' 

P.  146, 1.  5  from  bottom,  for  '  dedecunt '  read  *  deducunt.' 

P.  148, 1.  9.    See  also  Picton,  Memorials,  i.  29. 

P.  153, 1.  n,  for  *  Panere'  read '  Pauere.' 

P.  167,  1.  27.  The  '  return  of  Thomas  Botesham '  is  the  answer  to  the 
royal  writ  of  inquiry  referred  to  on  p.  158. 

P.  167,  n.  Mr.  Day's  volume  was  evidently  a  transcript  of  extracts  from 
the  old  Gild  Rolls  of  Lynn. 


ant)  Corrections  xi 

P.  176, 1.  4  from  bottom,  dele  '  [i.  e.  corf].' 

P.  178,  1.  23,  for  'nono  '  read  '  decimo  nono,'  i.e.  1235.     See  vol.  i.  p.  14, 

n.  3. 

P.  189,  1. 15,  for  '8  Richard  II  '  read  '  5  Henry  VI,'  i.e.  1427. 
P.  191, 1. 15,  after  '  lene  '  insert  '  [i.  e.  leve].' 

PP.  202-209.    For  the  Gild  of  Reading,  see  also  Rep.  MSS.  Com.,  1888, 
App.  vii.  169-172,  210,  227. 

P.  205, 1.  4,  after  '  achate '  insert '  [ble].' 

P.  205,  1.  9  from  bottom,  for  *  forsenee '  read  '  sorsenee.'  See  the  Glossary. 

P.  208,  1.  2  from  bottom,  after  '  potuaries '  insert  *  (i.  e.  poticaries).' 

P.  210,  1.  4  from  bottom,  after  *  78  '  add  '  and  742.' 

P.  218, 1.  17,  for  'partenir '  read  'parcenir.'     Cf.  ii.  230,  1.  18. 

P.  221, 1.  10  from  bottom,  for  '  dount'  read  '  dounc.' 

P.  222, 1.  13,  for  'dount  et'  perhaps  the  scribe  intended  to  write  'et 
dounc.' 

P.  225,  11.  I  and  17,  dele  '  [i.  e.  seit].' 

P.  228, 1.  3  from  bottom,  for  hotels'  read  'locels.' 

P.  239, 1.  4,  for  '  sectator '  read  '  seccator ' ;  for  *  burgi '  read  '  bursae.' 

P.  250. 1.  13.    These  laws  are  also  printed  in  Willmore's  Hist,  of  Walsall, 
165-169.     He  thinks  that  they  were  made  about  A.  D.  1422. 

PP.  251-270.     For  the  Gild  Merchant  of  Winchester,  see  also  Kitchin, 
Winch.,  74,  162-167. 

P.  258,  11.  3  and  II,  for  'panagio*  and  'panagii'  read  'pauagio'  and 
'  pauagii.' 

P.  261, 1.  10,  for  '  accrestere '  read  '  accrescere.' 

P.  285, 1.  9  from  bottom,  '  manifacturas '  (sic). 

P.  292, 1.  14,  for  '  Richensam '  read  '  Richemam '  i.  e.  Richeman. 

P.  301, 1.  12  from  bottom,  for  '  Coccas '  read  '  Coctas.' 

P.  328,  1.  1 8,  for*  se  '  read  <de.' 

P.  331,  1.  4,  for  '  pelle  drappas '  read  '  pelles,  drappas.' 

P.  353,  1.  19,  'predicto '  refers  to  the  Statute  of  Mortmain  mentioned  in  a 
preceding  document  in  the  Patent  Roll. 

P.  354,  11.  24,  25,  for  '  filiorum  suorum  '  read  *  filii  sui.' 
P.  365,  1.  21,  for  '  conculauerunt '  read  '  concul[c]auerunt.' 


ALNWICK1. 

1672,  July  3. — 'It  is  ordered  by  consent  of  the  four-and-twenty,  ALNWICK. 
that  every  apprentice  shall  be  obliged,  after  one  yeare  of  his 
entrance  into  his  apprenticeship,  to  repare  to  the  comon  guild, 
whensoever  assembled,  and  there  shall  record  his  time  of  entrance 
and  the  date  of  his  indenture  in  the  towne  booke  by  the  cham- 
berlanes,  and  that  afterwards  he  shall  serve  within  his  master's 
house  at  meat,  drinke,  and  lodging  for  seven  years  complete, 
upon  paine  of  everye  one  that  taketh  any  such  apprentice  con- 
trary to  this  order,  which  hath  been  made,  as  appears  to  us,  by 
our  predecessors  in  the  year  1628,  and  now  confirmed  by  us 
the  day  and  yeare  above  said.' — (Tate,  Alnwick,  ii.  237.) 

In  a  similar  order  made  April  20th,  1692,  the  apprentice  is 
required  to  'repare  to  ft&  privet  guild? — (Ibid.) 

The  earliest  notices  in  the  borough  accounts  shew  the  con- 
nection between  gilds  and  taxation:  '1611 — received  in  guild 
money  and  guild  grots  £3  *js.  ^d.\  1613 — received  guild  money 
£2  5.$-.  4d. ;  1617 — received  the  guild  money  at  May-day  last 
£2  6s.  6d'  In  1613,  at  a  meeting  called  a  gyld,  orders  were 
made  by  the  Four-and-Twenty  taxing  the  freemen  for  the  repairs 
of  the  Mart  House,  letting  lands,  etc. ;  and  another  order  was 
made  'by  general  consent  of  the  Four-and-Twenty  and  of  the 
aldermen  and  companies  and  of  the  freemen  and  others,'  au- 
thorising the  aldermen  to  distrain  for  payment  of  the  taxes  im- 
posed ;  at '  a  general  guild '  orders  were  made  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  schools  '  by  the  Four-and-Twenty,  with  the  general  consent 

1  See  Tate,  Alnwick,  ii.  237,  269-272  ;  Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  pp.  1414^ 
1418  ;  Davidson,  Alnwick,  325-327. 

B 


ALNWICK.  of  all  the  aldermen  and  companies  of  the  town  and  of  the  free 
men  and  burgesses  of  the  same.'  During  the  seventeenth  century 
the  term  gild  was  applied  to  the  more  important  meetings  of  the 
Four-and-Twenty,  when  the  whole  would  be  expected  to  attend ; 
and  it  seems  that  some  of  these  meetings  were  openly  held  in 
the  Common  Guild  Hall,  in  the  presence  of  the  freemen,  bur- 
gesses and  inhabitants  of  the  town. — (Tate,  ii.  270.) 

In  1629  'the  custome  Corne  is  lett  by  the  consent  of  the 
Chamberlains  and  Comon  Guild ' ;  and  '  the  Comon  Guild  and 
Four  and  Twenty '  made  regulations  for  settling  disputes  between 
different  companies. — (Tate,  ii.  271.) 

At  the  'general  gylde '  held  December  2Qth,  1631,  the  new 
Chamberlains  refused  to  receive  the  accounts  of  the  old  Cham- 
berlains, '  to  the  great  contempt  of  the  whole  Towne  and  comon 
gylde.'  In  1633  'the  Chamberlains,  the  24  and  the  Comen 
Guild '  agree  that  every  freeman  pay  4^.  yearly  to  repair  Potter- 
gate  and  Clayport  towers.  A.D.  1649,  'granted  then  by  the 
Chamberlaynes  with  the  consent  of  the  Four-and-Twenty,  upon 
voate  then  passed  in  publique  guild,'  a  lease  of  Hesleyside  for 
seven  years.  Gilds  were  held  in  1665  and  1669  which  appear 
to  have  been  merely  meetings  of  the  governing  body;  but 
from  1687  to  1712  gild  meetings  of  the  whole  of  the  freemen 
were  held  by  the  authority  of  the  Four-and-Twenty. — (Tate, 
ii.  271-272.) 

In  1762  the  freemen  contended  that  an  agreement  between 
the  corporate  body  and  the  Duke  of  Northumberland  was  not 
obligatory  upon  them,  unless  it  received  the  sanction  of  the 
'  common  guild.' — (Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  P-  I4I4-) 

'January  13,  1628.  It  is  ordered  and  agreed,  by  the  four- 
and-twenty  and  common  guild  of  this  borough,  the  day  and  year 
abovesaid,  that  the  chamberlains  every  year,  for  their  year  being, 
shall  call  together  the  four-and-twenty  and  common  guild  always 
upon  the  loth  of  December,  unless  it  fall  on  a  Sunday,  and  then 
in  the  Tollbooth  let,  with  the  consent  of  the  four-and-twenty 
and  common  guild,  all  such  things  as  are  due  and  belonging  to 
the  town.' — (Ibid.,  1417.) 


proofs  anu  3|Iliisttations.  3 

In  the  seventeenth  century  the  freemen  appear  to  have  had  ALNWICK. 
the  power  of  calling  for  the  yearly  account  of  the  Chamberlains 
in  open  gild.  The  former  were  now  only  convened  in  gild  by 
the  twenty-four,  when  there  were  important  questions  to  consider 
affecting  the  franchise,  or  in  which  the  personal  interests  of  the 
freemen  were  concerned.  The  last  common  gild  was  held  about 
the  year  1712.  Since  the  disuse  of  gilds  the  freemen  had 
gradually  lost  all  participation  in  the  conduct  of  affairs. — (Ibid., 
1417-1418.) 

ANDOVEB. 

'  Homines  de  Andeura  reddunt  compotum  de  x.  marcis  pro 
habenda  eadem  Libertate  in  Gilda  sua,  quam  homines  de 
Wiltona  et  de  Saresberia  habent  in  Gilda  sua.'  Pipe  Roll, 
22  Henry  II,  Rot.  13  a. — (Madox,  Firma  Burgi,  27.) 

'  Johannes  Dei  gratia,  etc.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  hominibus 
de  Andever  quod  habeant  gildam  mercatorum  in  Andever,  et 
quod  sint  quieti  de  theolonio  et  passagio  et  consuetudine  per 
totam  terram  nostram,  sicut  burgenses  Wintonie  qui  sunt  de 
gilda  mercatorum  sunt  quieti;  et  super  hoc  nullus  eos  injuste 
disturbet  pro  consuetudine  super  decem  libras  forisfacture,  sicut 
carte  Henrici  Regis  patris  nostri  et  Regis  Ricardi  fratris  nostri 
quas  inde  habent  rationabiliter  testantur.  Testibus,  Ricardo 
comite  Cestr',  Warin'  filio  Ger',  W.  de  Braosa,  Petro  filio  Herb', 
Henrico  Bisset,  Hug'  de  Lascy,  Petro  de  Stok'.  Datum  per 
manum  J.  de  Well'  apud  Rading'  i.  die  Maii,  anno,  etc.  vi  °.' — 
(Rotuli  Chartarum^  148.) 

The  Gild  Merchant  of  Andover  was  confirmed  by  charters 
of  12  Henry  III,  29  Edward  III  and  4  Richard  II  \ 

The  town  archives  of  Andover  contain  many  records  of  the 
ancient  Gild.  Subjoined  is  a  transcript  of  the  oldest 2 : — 

1  Madox,  Firma  Burgi,  44 ;  Petyt  MS.,  i.  46. 

2  This  membrane  was  evidently  a  part  of  a  larger  Roll.     It  is  a  thin  parch- 
ment, 14  by  5  inches.    One  entry  is  defaced  by  a  number  of  perforations,  and  a 
corner  of  the  MS.,  embracing  portions  of  the  last  entries,  is  wanting.     Other- 
wise the  MS.  is  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation,  the  writing  being  very 
distinct. 

B  2 


4  Cfie  ®iiu  egercfmnt, 

ANDOVER.      Morgespeche  gilde  mercatorie  de  Andeuere  die  veneris  proxima 
TOAO  Post  diem  Pasce  Anno  regni  regis  Henrici  filii  regis  Johannis 

i  JL^CJ^J. 

XL  sexto. 

Esson*.      Johannes   Waukelin  uersus    Adam   de   Faccumbe  per  Rad' 
Ercheband,  et  datus  est  ei  dies  usque  ad  proximum  morhespeche. 

Petrus  Wyking  de  Rogero  Scpin ;  plegii  de  prosequendo, 
Stephanus  le  Setere  et  Reginaldus  Euerard,  Symon  le  Setere. 

Alicia  relicta  Philippi  le  Setere  de  Cristina  relicta  Nich' 
Osward ;  plegii,  Stephanus  le  Setere  et  Ricardus  Marscallus. 

Henricus  le  Tanere  optulit  se  et  petit  societatem  gilde  de 
gilda  que  fuit  Willielmi  Hendibodi,  et  films  Willjelmi  comparuit 
et  inhibuit,  et  habet  ius  filii  et  non  alius. 

Us.  Emma  que  fuit  filia  Ricardi  Bus  dat  gildam  suam  Beatrici 
Relicte  Waited  Ascelin' ;  sit  super  forewardmannos.  Juret  quod 
non  recipit  nee  dat  aurum  nee  argentum  nee  valenciam,  nee 
aliquis  alius  pro  ipsa ;  habeat  et  gaudeat  et  det  iura. 
ii.j.  Robertus  films  Roberti  le  hay  ward  intrat  in  gildam  merca- 
toriam  per  uxorem  suam ;  faciat  que  facere  debet  domui,  et  habeat. 

Memorandum  de  illis  qui  ponunt  lanam  de  Ispania  in  pannis 
tersegis;  vnusquisque  gildanorum  intromittat  et  capiat  pannos 
ad  comodum  domus  gilde ;  et  uocentur  omnes  textores  coram 
commune;  et  jurent  quod  dicent  ueritatem  qui  sunt  illi  qui 
faciunt  pannos  de  lana  [de]  ispania ;  et  promittant  etiam  quod 
nullum  pannum  facient,  nisi  dicant  balliuis. 

Auicia  filia  Thome  Roc  petit  gildam  que  fuit  patris  sui  sicut 
hereditatem  super  Robertum  de  Rokesburch,  vnde  pater  suus 
obiit  vestitus  et  saisitus  vi  et  iniuste,  et  inde  habuit  sufficientem 
sequelam  in  dampnum  de  X..T.  Robertus  de  Rokesburch  dicit 
quod  non  debet  respondere  quia  Auicia  est  de  purcatio,  et 
dicit  quod  habuit  per  Amiciam  uxorem  suam  et  per  denarios 
et  per  consensum  forewardmannorum ;  nolunt  defacere  quod 
predecessores  eorum  fecerunt;  habeat  Robertus,  et  Auicia  amittat 
et  vadiet  misericordiam. 

Johannes  filius  Thome  le  messag'  petit  gildam  que  fuit  Beatricis 
matris  sue;  habeat  sicut  hereditatem,  saluo  iure  vniuscumque 
hominis, 


Proofs  anD  3[litistration&  5 

Ricardus  filius  Ricardi  Walkelin  fuit  essoniatus  ad  proximum  AN  DOVER, 
morhespeche  et  non  venit,  nee  Ricardus  pater  eius,  et  ideo  ambo 

VI.  a. 

in  misericordia. 

Willielmus  Kniht  uersus  gildanos  de  quadam  lege  eis  facienda  Esson*. 
per  Johannem  Joie  de  ultra  mare  XL.  dies. 

Prouisum  est  per  forewardmannos  quod  potabunt  die  dominica 
ante  pentecostem. 

Item  colligatur  debitum  et  distringatur  Adam  de  Mar[isco], 
Petrus  Remund  et  Domina  Beatrix  pro  debito  quod  Thomas 
Spirecoc  debuit  domui. 

Item  distringatur  Willielmus  Gode  et  Beatrix  uxor  Walteri  As- 
celin'  sicut  executores  Johannis  Scpin,  distringantur  de  die  in 
diem  pro  debito  quod  dictus  Johannes  debuit  domui  et  pro 
debito  quod  Walterus  Ascelin'  debuit  antequam  catalla  distri- 
buantur  et  dispergentur,  et  omne  debitum  vetus  et  novum  colli- 
gatur de  cetero  de  die  in  diem  nisi  clarum  est,  et  fiat  destrictio. 

Domina   Beatrix   dat   gildam    quam    Emma   Bus   dedit    sibi  iii.  sh. 
Johanni  filio  filii  sui ;  habeat  et  faciat  Jura  domui. 


Morhespeche  gilde  mercatorie  de  Andeuere  die  lune  proxima 
ante  Pentecostem  Anno  regni  regis  Henrici  filii  regis  Johannis  A.D.  1262. 
XL  sexto. 

[Rogerus]  Scpin  uersus  Petrum  Wyking  per  Johannem  de  Were- 
welle. 

Isabel  de  Pict'  uxor  Johannis  Ercheband  uersus  Adam  de 
Faccumbe  per  Radulphum  Ercheband. 

Johannes  Athele  dat  Philippe  de  doggepole  gildam  que  fuit  Wil- 
lielmi  Athele  fratris  sui.  Juret  et  habeat  et  faciat  Jura  domus. 

Willelmus  le  lade  de  salesburia  dat  gildam  Johanni  molen- 
dinar' ;  differatur  quousque  Johannes  sit  presens. 

Reg'  Ffcugel  de-WiUJekno  d^Ambresburia,  plegius  de  prosequen-  xii.  d. 
do  Walterus^Jngus;  protfetj>er  duos  gildanos,  et  quia  testificatum 
fuit  per  4n6s  gilo^qos,^.^.  vacliet  Willielmus  de  Ambresburia. 

Petronilla  de  Saresburia  dat  gildam  que  fuit  patris  sui  Willielmo 
de  Goselinch  et  exigit  dictam  gildam  sicut  hereditatem  suam ; 
habeat  sicut  hereditatem  suam  et  faciat  Jura  domus. 


Cfte  <$ilD  asjerclmnt 


AH  DOVER.      Cristina  Relicta  W.  Scpin  dat  gildam  suam  Johanni  persone 
de  Penitun'  meis  .  .  .  .  et  habeat. 

11.  S. 

Johannes  Wombstrang  dat  gildam  que  fuit  Ric'  Wombstrang 
Johanni  Salide  quia  ....  habeat  et  faciat  Jura  domus. 

Memorandum  de  gilda  que  fuit  Willielmi  Hendibodi  quia 
Judicium  non  f seq'  nee  jur'. 

Cristina  Relicta  Nicholai  Osward  dat  gildam  suam  Elesabete 

filie 

Willielmus  Kniht  in  misericordia  quia  defecit  in  lege  vi.  d.>  et 
pacabit  post  prandium 

Petrus  Scpin  et  Johannes  Kidenot,  plegius  Thorn'  Joie,  ponunt 

se  super  forewardmannos  quia pertinebat  ad  hereditatem 

de  gilda  que  fuit  Thome  Joie. 
xii.  d.      Johannes  Brun  et  Johannes  de  Wymeledun'  offerunt  xii.  d.  ut 

h[abeant] nolunt  ipsum  judicare  in  absentia  sua  sed 

summonicetur  contra  ipsos 

ii.  J.       Johannes  de  Winton'  promittit  ii.  s.  ita  quod  Alic'  filia  beil  .... 

Matillda  Hendibodi  dat  gildam  suam  Elie  Ascelin' 

Malina  de  Aira'  dat  gildam  suam  Thome  filio 


The  following  is  a  transcript  of  another  Roll  of  the  time  of 
Henry  III  *  :— 

Collectores  debitorum  weteris  gilde  mercatorie,  Walterus  de 
Mar',  Willielmus  le  Palmere,  Jacobus  Gode,  Johannes  Salide. 

Proximum  Magespeche  die  veneris  proxima  ante  festum  sancti 
A.D.  1262.  Edmundi  martiris  anno  domini  regis  [Henrici]  XLVII. 

Hugo  Faber  uersus  Hugonem  parmentar'  per  Petrum  Frewme. 
Dies  datus  est  usque  ad  proximum  morgespeche. 
vi.  d.       Rogerus    Scpin    in    misericordia  quia  non   obedivit.     Habuit 

essonium  suum  vi.  d. 

ii.  s.        Ricardus  King  intrat  per  uxorem  suam  et  offert  facere  Jura 
Gilde  saluo  Jure  vniuscuiusque.     Juret  et  faciat  ii.  s. 

Galfridus  Wynegod  petit  societatem  Gilde  mercatorie  ;  in  rotulo 
quousque  habeant  aliud  consilium. 

This  membrane  is  somewhat  larger  than  the  preceding.     A  small  portion, 
toward  the  centre  and  left-hand  side,  is  in  a  tattered  condition. 


Proofs  anu  3[llustration&  7 

Johannes  Godspede  petit  eodem  modo  societatem  glide  merca-  AN  DOVER, 
torie ;  in  rotulo  sicut  de  primo. 

Hugo  Fromund  petit  Gildam  que  fuit  Ade  Horn  super  Hugonem 
Fabrum,  et  Hugo  fuit  essoniatus. 

Petrus  Wyking  petit  gildam  que  fuit  Stephani  Wyking  adwunculi 
sui  sicut  Jus  et  hereditatem  suam  super  Rogerum  Scpin,  et  habuit 
sufficientem  sequelam.  Rogerus  Scpin  comparuit  et  posuit  se 
super  forewardmannos,  quis  eorum  habeat  magis  Jus ;  et  in  dicta 
gilda  dicunt  quod  placitum  terminatur  et  inseratur  in  rotulo  si 
Stephanus  Wyking  debuit  debitum  super  dictam  gildam  aut 
Matilda  uxor  eius ;  et  saisietur  libertas  in  manus  gildanorum,  quod 
ullus  eorum  utatur  dicta  libertate  quousque  inseratur  rei  veritas. 

Willielmus  peramenator  petit  societatem  gilde  mercatorie;  in 
rotulo. 

Adam  de  Faccumbe  petit  gildam  que  fuit  eldefadi  sui  super 
Johannem  Walkelin  et  uxorem  suam  sicut  Jus  suum  et  here- 
ditatem suam  quod  de  iure  sibi  debet  descendere,  et  inde  habuit 

sufficientem  sequelam,  et  idem  Adam  desawoa  suum  narratorem  vi.  d. 

iniscri- 
Stephanum  le  Setere,  et  ideo  Stephanus  in  misericordia  :  plegius  cordia. 

de  misericordia  Adam  de  Faccumbe  vi.  d. 

Memorandum  de  xiiii.  s.  quos  gilda  mercatoria  dat  capellano 
hospitalis  sancti  Johannis  ;  habeat  de  denariis  quos  Rogerus  chit 
habet  in  custodia  sua ;  habuit  et  Rogerus  soluit  ei. 

Adam  de  Faccumbe  petit  gildam  que  fuit  Roberti  atteputte 
eldefadi  sui  super  Johannem  Waukelin  et  super  uxorem  suam  j 
quod  iidem  deforciant  et  ideo  iniuste,  quia  ius  suum  est  et  here- 
ditas  sua ;  quia  vnus  Willielmus  avus  suus  obiit  sine  herede,  de  se 
descendit  dicta  gilda  v[ero]  Matillide  sicut  sorori  sue  et  matri  sue 
istius  Ade  et  de  ilia  MatilP  isti  Ade  sicut  filio  et  heredi  suo,  et  inde 
habuit  sufficientem  sequelam,  vim  et  iustum ;  deffendit  Johannes 
pro  se  et  Isabella  uxore  sua  et  ponit  se  super  forewardmannos, 
desicut  exigit  super  se  et  non  super  uxorem  suam  desicut  non  tenet 
nisi  per  uxorem  suam,  et  non  dedit  illi;  nomen  ponitur  in  rotulo  us- 
que proximum  morhespeche,  et  capient  'emamoris  sivolunt  interim. 
.  .  .  veniunt  et  vendunt  carnes  contra  prouisionem  et  veniant 
qui  tulerunt  vnum  carto'  .  .  .  et  pelles  et  vendant  sicut  prius 


8 

ANDOVER.  et  corea  et  maxime  diebus  ferie  et  sutores  et  pannarii  [et]  omnes 
alii  mercatores  fideles. 


Morhespeche  gilde  mercatorum  de  Andeuere  die  veneris  proxima 
A.D.  1263.  ante  mediam  XLmam  anno  XLVII°. 
Esson'.          Johannes  Walkelin  per  Rad'  Ercheband  de  ultra  mare  uersus 

Adam  de  Faccumbe  dies  XLUS. 

Renerius  Memorandum  quod  forewardmanni  prouiserunt  quod  tres  plegii 
de  Bosco.  Rener{j  de  BQSCO  respondeant  de  debito  quod  acomodauit  apud 
Sarum  et  quod  plegii  sint,  balliui  si  aliquod  possint  inuenire  in 
manibus  suis  capiant,  et  quod  plegii  habeant  libertatem  dicti 
Renerii  quousque  eis  satisfecerit,  et  quod  faciant  inde  pro  uoluntate 
eorum,  et  quod  priuetur  libertate  sua. 

Rob'  le  Memorandum  quod  prouisum  fuit  per  omnes  gildanos  die 
veneris  ante  mediam  XLm  anno  XLVII°  quod  plegii  Rob'  le  Wite 
habeant  domum  suam  quousque  soluerit  eis  debitum  vnde  fuerunt 
plegii,  et  priuetur  libertate  sua  et  exeat  a  uilla  quia  intrauit  mal 
ad  hostium  haie  retro  (?). 

xii.</.  Hugo  Fromund  promittit  domui  xii.  d.  ut  habeat  rectam  conside- 

rationem  Johanni  filio  suo  de  gilda  que  fuit  Ade  Horn  quam  Hugo 
Faber  ei  detinet;  sit  super  forewardmannos ;  habeat  puer  sicut  heres. 
Auicia  Relicta  Symonis  Orpede  dat  Willielmo  Arug  gildam 
suam  que  fuit  patris  sui ;  sit  super  forewardmannos ;  remaneat 
gilda  illi  cui  terra. 

Johannes  de  Farham  monstrat  quod  Hugo  Renfrei  fouet  catalla 
Petri  le  Wite  pro  suis,  quod  dictus  Johannes  probauit  super  dictum 
Petrum  et  petit  rationabilem  considerationem,  si  possit  probari  et 
inquiri  si  sint  propria  catalla  illius  qui  stat  cum  catallis  aut  parti- 
ceps;  et  ille  refutat;  amittat  catalla  et  sint  in  misericordia  ita  quod. 
Matillda  Ingulf  petit  quod  possit  dare  et  dat  gildam  suam 
Emme  filie  sue ;  sit  super  forewardmannos ;  habeat  Matillda  tota 
uita  sua,  quia  Ingulfus  uir  eius  intrauit  in  gildam. 

Suetune  uxor  Hugonis  fabri  dat  Hugoni  fabro  viro  suo  gildam 
suam ;  sit  super  forewardmannos ;  faciat  omnia  que  pertinent  de 
Jure  domui,  quia  prius  fuit  in  libertate. 

Memorandum  de  Nicholao  le  Noble  qui  dicit  quod  homines  de 


proofs  ana  ^lustrations,  9 

Basingestoke  exigunt  ab  eo  theloneum  et  denarios  de  pugillo.  AN  DOVER. 
Moneantur  quod  soluant  pugillum  suumaut  distringatur  postmodo. 


There  are  several  Gild  Rolls  and  fragments  of  Rolls  of  the  time 
of  the  three  Edwards.  Their  contents  consist  chiefly  of  admis- 
sions to  the  Gild,  as  is  exemplified  by  the  following  extracts 
from  one  of  these  parchments  : — 

'  Morghespeche  tenta  die  mercurii  proxima  post  festum  sancte  A.D.  1329. 
Katarine  Anno  Regis  Edwardi  [III]  Sectmdo. 

Johannes  Gylemyn  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  suam  Wil- 
lielmo  de  Hungerford  filio  auunculi  sui 

Galfridus  Molindar'  petit  societatem  Gildanorum. 

Marger'  Conde  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  que  fuit  Johannis 
fratris  sui  Willielmo  filio  suo. 

Johanna  vxor  Johannis  le  Breghe  petit  Gildam  que  fuit  Josephi 
de  Wherewelle. 

Johannes  Chyre  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  que  fuit  Rogeri 
fratris  sui  Nicholao  fratri  suo.' 

There  is  also  a  Roll  entitled  'Rotulus  fforwardmannorum  de 
Domo  Inferiora  intitulatus  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis 
Edwardi  Secundo,'  containing  some  180  names,  opposite  one  of 
which  are  the  words  '  petit  gildam  que  fuit  Walkelini.' 

Another  Roll,  '  De  Pacto  Anno  Domini  Regis  Edwardi  sep- 
timo,'  has  about  90  names  with  payments  varying  from  6d.  to  i2d. 

On  the  dorse  of  a  membrane  headed  c  Scotipanyes '  (scot 
pennies)  is  the  following  entry : — 

1  Morchespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  ante  ffestum  sancti 
vincencis  anno  Regis  Edwardi  [III]  vm°.  A.D.  1334. 

Ad  quern  diem  Johannes  Porker  junior  petit  quod  possit  dare 
Johanni  filio  Johannis  Porker  senioris  Gildam  suam  hanceriam, 
et  dat  donum  ii.  marc'. 

Ad  quern  diem  Will'  le  Tanner  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam 
suam  hanceriam  que  fuit  Will'  le  Tanner  jun'  filii  sui  Roberto 
filio  suo,  et  dat  donum  ii.  s.' 


Of  the   bound   volumes   at   Andover   the   one   of  particular 


sgjerclmnt, 

ANDOVER.  interest  to  us  is  a  small  folio  known  as  Liber  A.,  or  'Maneloq' 
Liber  temp'  Henr.  6,  Edw.  4,  Henr.  7,  Henr.  8,  Mar.  Regine  V 
Subjoined  are  a  few  brief  extracts  : — 

fol.  2.      Ordinatum  est  in  plena  Morowspeche  tenta  .  .  .  .  i  Edw.  Ill 
[concerning  tenements]. 

Morowspeche  tenta  ibidem  die  veneris  proxima  post  ffestum 

A.D.  1329.  sancti  Matthei  Apostoli  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  con- 

questu  secundo.     Johannes  Wolfel  electus  est  ad  officium  Balliui 

per  omnes  Gildanos  ....  [the  election  of  another  bailiff  follows.] 

fol.  4.      Maneloquium    tentum    ibidem    die    dominica    proxima    ante 

ffestum   sancti  Michaelis  Archangeli   anno   regni   regis  Henrici 

A.D.  1458.  sexti  xxxvn0.     Electi  ad   officium  Balliui   per  xxim  fforward- 

mannos  ....  [four  names,  from  which  the  two  bailiffs  were  elected 

by  the  old  stewards  and  bailiffs,  and  the  two  stewards  by  the  24]2. 

fol.  6.      Andeuere: — Cum   Robertus   Kyller  conuictus   fuit   in   plena 

Morowspeche   tenta   ibidem   die  veneris   proxima   post  ffestum 

Apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  tercii  post 

A.D.  1327.  conquestum  primo  quod  ipse  sciauit  discordiam  inter  quosdam 

magnos   ville   de   Andeuere   et   ceteros   eiusdem    communitatis 

dicendo  Le  fors  Juratos  et  paratos  ad  depredandum  et  destru- 

endum  dictos  magnos  menciendo.     Ideo  consideratum  est  per 

totam  Moroghspeche  quod  nullus  ipsum  receptat  in  villa  predicta 

Nota.  nee  cum  ipso  emat  neque  vendat  neque  sibi  det  ignem  nee  aquam 

neque  cum  ipso  communicet  sub  pena  omissionis  sue  libertatis. 

Ricardus  films  Thome  Severe  fforisfecit  Gildam  suam  liberam 
quam  habuit  de  dono  patris  sui  pro  eo  quod  cooperuit  Thomam 
Porker  filium  Johannis  Porker  Senioris  custumarium  sub  Gilda  sua 
et  quod  cum  eo  mercandizauit  ad  proficuum  et  eorum  utilitatem. 
Postea  [venit]  idem  Ricardus  de  nouo  et  petit  societatem 
Gildanorum,  et  concessum  est  per  omnes  fforwardmannos  quod 

1  A  parchment  volume  (12  by  9  inches)  containing  55  leaves.      Most  of  the 
handwriting  is  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.     The  early  entries  (temp.  Edw.  Ill, 
etc.)  are  evidently  copied  from  an  older  MS.  volume  which  is  still  in  the 
archives  of  Andover. 

2  Bailiffs  were  elected  in  the  same  way,  temp.  Hen.  VI,  Edw.  IV  and  Hen.  VII 
(ff-  4~5)«      The  growth  of  a  'select  body'  in  the  fifteenth  century  is  here 
apparent. 


ano  3[ilusttatton&  u 

idem  Ricardus  intret  pro  Ix.  s.  talliendis  in  tallagia  sua  Iviii.  s.  AN  DOVER. 
eo  quod  sit  hansare  de  gracia  speciali  quia  ignorans.     Et  con- 
sideratum  est  per  omnes  fforwardmannos  quod  si  quis  sua  liber- 
tate  aliquem  cooperuerit  custumarium,  forisfaciet  libertatem  suam  Nota. 
et   de   cetero   nulla  gaudeat   libertate  nee  habeat  de  nouo  de 
emptione  domus. 

Moroghspeche  25  Hen.  VI [election  of  bailiffs].     Ad  fol.  6. 

istud  venit  Johannes  Champion  et  petit  societatem  Gildanorum, 
et  concessa  est  ei  soluendo  communitati  ville  predicte  xx.  s.  vi.  d. 
....  [two  pledges]. 

Maneloquium  34  Hen.  VI.     Ad  istud  venit  Robertas  Cusse  et  fol.  7. 
petit  societatem  Gildanorum  et  consocietatem  ville  predicte  .  .  . 
.  .  .  [fine   and   two   pledges].     Two   similar   admissions  follow. 
John  Topias  received  a  stall  for  the  term  of  his  life,  '  cepit  de 
consocietate  Gildanorum  vnum  stallum.' 

Maneloquium  35  Hen.  VI [election  of  bailiffs].     It  was  fol.  8. 

ordained  by  the  Steward  and  the  24  l  that  all  tho  that  ben  made 
enfranchised  before  this  day  that  they  or  her  boroghes  pay  here 
ffynes.' 

'Maneloquium  18  Edw.  IV.  Ad  istud  venit  Jacobus  Caue  et  fol.  9. 
petit  quod  possit  habere  Gildam  Mercatoriam  in  Andeuere.  Et 
consideratum  est  per  omnes  fforewardmannos  ville  predicte  quod 
supradictus  Jacobus  habeat  et  gaudeat  Gildam  predictam  secun- 
dum  antiquam  consuetudinem.  Et  soluit  donum  xiii.j.  im.d. 
Et  habet  diem  soluendi  citra  ffestum  sancti  Michaelis  quod  erit 
anno  integro  post  datam  presentem.*^ This  is  the  last  reference  to 
the  Gild  in  Liber  A. 

The  old  laws  of  the  haberdashers  begin  with  this  preamble  : — 
'  Ordinances  of  the  Guild  of  Merchants  in  Andever  in  the  County 
of  Southampton,  which  Guild  is  divided  into  three  several  Fellow- 
ships [i.e.  leather-sellers,  haberdashers  and  drapers],  whereof  these 
are  only  of  the  Fellowship  of  Haberdashers.'  It  then  goes  on  to 
say  that  Henry  III  granted  the  men  of  Andover  a  Gild  of  Mer- 
chants, which  whole  Company  has  been  divided  into  three  fellow- 
ships. The  Company  of  haberdashers  included  haberdashers, 


12 

AXBRIDGE.  milliners,  mercers,  grocers,  innholders,  vintners,  bakers,  brewers, 
smiths,  cappers,  hat-makers,  barbers,  painters  and  glaziers. — 
(  Wilts.  Archaeol.  and  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,  Magazine,  vol.  xxi.  306.) 

AXBBIDGE. 

A  Portreve  and  two  'Senescalli  Gildae'  are  mentioned  30 
Henry  VIII.  In  the  archives  of  the  town  there  is  a  rent-roll  of 
the  Gild  with  the  following  title:  'Axebrugge. — Rentale  Gildae 
Aulae  confratrum  ibidem,  anno  regni  Regis  Henrici  Septimi 
decimo-octavo,  tempore  Willelmi  Ewen  et  Willelmi  Fychet,  Senes- 
callorum  Gildae  Aulae  praedictae.'  There  are  similar  rolls  dating 
from  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIII,  and  Philip  and  Mary.  There  are 
also  various  rolls  containing  the  Accounts  of  the  Gild  Stewards, 
or  Masters  of  the  Gildhall,  temp.  Richard  II,  Edward  IV,  Henry 
VIII,  etc.  In  1415  they  received  from  tenants  of  the  Gild- 
property,  among  other  payments,  one  called  'borgeswyke'  or 
*  borgesshippe,'  the  fee  for  admission  as  burgess.  Walter  Cadell 
and  John  Rogerus  were  '  Eldestuardis  of  the  Gilde  Halle  of 
Axburgge,'  17  Edward  IV. — (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1872,  pp.  301-304.) 

John  Fitz,  burgess  of  Axbridge,  and  Alice,  his  wife,  granted  to 
the  two  '  Masters  of  the  Commonalty  of  the  Gild  of  Axebrigge  ' 
that  they  may  make  holes  in  the  wall  of  the  house  adjoining  the 
Gild  Hall  and  put  timber  therein,  25  Henry  VI. — (Ibid.,  307.) 

In  1624  it  was  enacted,  that  'as  there  have  hitherto  been  three 
Companies  in  the  town,  those  of  the  Drapers,  Leathermen,  and 
Firemen,  all  householders  who  shall  keep  a  shop  or  stall,  or  who 
shall  abide  or  keep  a  family  within  the  borough,  shall  be  made  to 
enter  one  of  such  three  Companies.  In  the  case  of  a  private 
man,  following  no  trade,  he  shall  choose  such  Company  "as  he 
himself  liketh  to  be  free  of,"  under  a  penalty  of  20  shillings.'— 
(Ibid.,  302.) 

BABNSTAPLE. 

'Ordinacio  officiorum  in  Gulda  Libertatis  Burgi  Barnestapol 

tenta  die  dominica  proxima  post  festum  Epiphanie  Domini  anno 

A.D.  1303.  Regis  Edw.  XXXIL,  anno  Domini  Mmo  ccc  tertio,  facta  per  as- 

sensum  Ricardi  Wynem,  tune  majoris  dicti  Burgi,  ac  totius  Com- 


Proofs  anu  ^lustrations*  13 

munitatis  en  [i.e.  cum]  nominibus  inLibertate  existentium.  Unus-  BARNSTAPLE. 
quisque  qui  intravit  post  postremam  Guldam  dabit  majori  unum 
den.,  Ostario  unum  Ob.  et  Pincerne  unum  Ob. 
Symion  de  la  Barr 

Math8  de  Chyvenor 

,      v  Furchyngmen  ». 
Bernardus  de  la  Bogha 

Ric'us  Le  Dirna 
Durandus  Le  Corinser2Ni 

Toh'es  Pollard 

.  Aldremen. 

Walt8  de  Brtone 

Phs  de  Meheppa 

Gilbtus  de  Biricom  Ostiarius. 

Robtus  Burel  Pincerna. 

Sym.  ...  .     .     .  ' 

Then  follow  two  parallel  columns,  one  headed  '  De  intrinsecis 
et  feoffatis,'  with  no  names  appended;  the  other  headed  '  De 
forinsecis  non  feoffatis,'  with  92  names. 

'BURGUS  BARNESTAPL'. 

'  Convocatio  communitatis  eorum  qui  sunt  in  Libertate  Burgi 
Barnestapl'  ad  Guldam  factam  die  dominica  prox'  ante  festum 
Conversionis  Sancti  Pauli  anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis 
Edw.  duodecimo,  secundum  consuetudinem  libertatis  predicte  [a]  A.D.  1319. 
tempore  quo  non  extat  memoria  in  contrarium  usitatam  in  dicto 
burgo,  Johanne  Pollard  tune  majore  dicti  Burgi.  Nomina  offici- 
orum  [et]  singularum  personarum  in  predicta  Gulda  inferius  ex- 
pressius  continentur  et  designantur ;  vidz.,  In  primis,  unusquisque 
dicte  Communitatis  post  postremam  Guldam  factam  in  dicta  Liber- 
tate ingressus  et  durante  Gulda  presente  ingrediens  dabit  majori 
unum  den.,  Ostiario  unum  Obolum  et  pyncerne  unum  obolum, 
qui  pro  tempore  fuerint.  Et  singuli  in  dicta  libertate  existentes 
qui  majores  tune  vel  antea  non  fuerint  vel  in  Officio  dicte  Guide 
constituti,  singulos  solvent  denar'  qui  Scot  peny  vocatur.' 

Then  follow  lists  of  officers  as  before,  with  parallel  columns 
containing  the  names  of  the  'Intrinseci  et  feoffati'  and  the 
'  Forinseci  et  non  feoffati,'  221  in  all. 

1  i.e.  Furthyngmen.  2  Probably  '  Le  Coruiser.' 


H  Cfje  ®tlD  agercfmnt 

BARNSTAPLE.      The  Third  Roll  begins  as  follows  : — '  Convocacio  communitatis 
eorum  qui  sunt  in  libertate  Burgi  Earnest'  ad  Guldam  factam  die 

A.D.  1329. 

dominica  ann.  [i.e.  ante]  festum  conversionis  Sancti  Pauli  anno 
regni  Regis  Edwardi  tertii  a  conquestu  tertio,  secundum  consuetu- 
dinem  libertatis  predicte  a  tempore  quo  non  extat  memoria  in  con- 
trarium  usitatam  in  dicto  Burgo,  Galfrido  Tinctore  tune  majore 
dicti  Burgi.  Nomina  Officiorum  [et]  singularum  personarum 
in  predicta  Gulda  inferius  expressius  continentur  et  designantur. 
Videlz.,  Imprimis,  unusquisque  dicte  Communitatis  post  postre- 
mam  Guldam  factam  in  dicta  libertate  ingressus  et  durante 
Gulda  presente  ingrediens  dabit  majori  unum  den.,  Ostiario 
unum  Obolum  et  pincerne  unum  Obolum,  qui  pro  tempore 
fuerint ;  et  singuli  in  dicta  libertate  existentes  qui  majores  tune 
vel  ante  non  fuerint  vel  in  Officio  dicte  Guide  constituti,  singulos 
solvent  den.  qui  Scot  peny  vocatur.' 

Then  follow  the  names  of  four  '  Ferchyngmen,'  four  'Alderne- 
men,'  an  'Ostiarius/  a  'Pincerna,'  about  180  '  Intrinseci'  and  91 
*  Burgenses  Extrinseci.' 

The  names  in  the  three  Rolls  include  persons  from  various  parts 
of  the  county  and  from  towns  in  other  counties,  landowners  with 
territorial  names  and  lords  of  manors,  as  well  as  persons  bearing 
the  names  of  humble  trades  such  as  '  Touker,'  'Lorimer,' '  Tinctor,' 
1  Piscator,' '  Sutor,'  etc.  There  are  also  some  women  among  them. 

This  Fraternity,  which  was  called  the  Gild  of  St.  Nicholas, 
had  a  common  seal  ('sigillum  commune  fratrum  Guide  Sci. 
Nichi.')  and  possessed  considerable  property.  Soon  after  the 
Reformation  '  the  chapel  and  hall  of  the  Guild  came  into  posses- 
sion of  the  corporation  by  purchase,  the  conveyance  to  them  in 
1584  describing  the  property  as  "  the  scite  of  the  late  chapel  of 
St.  Nicholas,  and  a  building  called  the  Kay  Hall."  The  same 
had  by  a  previous  deed  of  the  reign  of  Edward  VI,  A.D.  1549, 
been  granted  off  by  the  Crown  under  the  Act  "for  dissolving 
and  abolishing  all  Gilds,  Free  Chapels,  and  Fraternities  "  therein 
recited,  which  period  no  doubt  marks  also  the  time  of  the  dis- 
continuance of  the  meetings  of  the  society,  as  well  as  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  chantry  and  fraternity.' 


proofs  ann  3[llustration&  15 

'Most  of  the  Aldermen  of  the  Guild  had  been  Mayors,  and  BARNSTAPLE. 
assuming  that  the  Chapel  of  St.  Nicholas  (or  the  building  called 
the  Kay  Hall  in  later  times)  was  also  the  hall  of  the  Guild,  it  is 
clear  that  it  was  used  as  a  public  market;  for  as  early  as  1394 
there  is  an  entry  in  the  Borough  Receiver's  accounts — "  Paid  the 
Keeper  of  St.  Nicholas  for  the  Market  house,  iv.^.,"  and  this 
was  just  two  centuries  before  it  was  bought  by  the  Corporation. 
Payments  from  the  town  to  St.  Nicholas  as  an  acquittance 
continued  to  be  made  down  to  a  much  later  period.  There  are 
many  other  references  to  it  in  the  Borough  Records.'  In  an 
account  of  the  Receipt  of  Fines,  etc.,  10  Edward  III,  there  is 
one  column  headed  '  Arrears  of  the  Guild ' : — '  From  Durand  le 
Ballon,  because  he  did  not  attend,  is.  iod'  'From  Walter 
Couterman,  surety,  Walter  atte  Crosse,  for  the  same,  4^.,'  etc. 
In  the  Borough  Receivers'  Account  of  1390  is  this  entry,  'Re- 
paid to  the  Wardens  or  Officers  of  St.  Nicholas  for  the  butcher's 
house,'  and  entries  of  the  same  kind  are  almost  regular  after- 
wards. In  1402  the  grand  inquest  presented,  among  other 
officers  to  be  sworn,  Wardens  of  the  Long  Bridge  and  two 
Wardens  of  St.  Nicholas,  who  took  their  oath.  At  a  later  period 
there  was  an  order,  'that  all  foreigners  coming  to  the  town 
should  bring  their  wares  to  the  Kay  Hall,  being  the  common 
Market.'  '  Many  other  features  connected  with  the  old  Hall  of 
St.  Nicholas  tend  to  associate  it  with  the  early  trade  of  the  town.' 

In  a  fragmentary  Account  Roll  of  the  Gild,  apparently  dating 
from  the  early  part  of  the  fifteenth  century,  we  find  expenditures 
for  Wax,  '  Brede  and  Wyne,'  '  vi.  Prysts  at  derige,'  '  viii.  Gallons 
of  Alle,'  '  a  hard  Cheese,'  '  Meysers,  Strawbers  and  Hurts,'  etc. 
In  the  Accounts  for  1526-27  there  is  this  item,  'For  the  town 
clerk's  salary,  6s.  8d.1 ' 

BEATJMABIS. 
During  the  reign  of  Edward  III  the  burgesses  of  Beaumaris 

1  The  above  extracts  are  taken  from  J.  R.  Chanter's  account  of  the  Gild  : — 
Devons.  Assoc.  for  Adv.  of  Science,  etc.,  Trans.,  xi.  191-212  ;  North  Devon 
Journal,  Jan.  i  and  Jan.  8,  1880.  I  have  extended  and  amended  the  Latin  of 
Mr.  Chanter's  text. 


1 6  Cfce  <&ilD  sgjercfmnt* 

BEAU  MAR  is.  were  summoned  before  the  Justices  Itinerant  to  show  by  what 
warrant  they  claimed  certain  liberties,  among  which  are  speci- 
/fied : — '  Et  habere  gildam  mercatoriam  cum  hansa  et  aliis  con- 
/  suetudinibus  et  libertatibus  ad  huiusmodi  gildam  pertinentibus, 
„  /  /  ita  quod  nullus  qui  [non]  sit  de  gilda  ilia  mercandisam  aliquam 
y  faciat  in  eadem  villa  nisi  ad  voluntatem  burgensium  predictorum. 
Et  quod  natiui  cuiuscumque  in  eadem  villa  manentes  et  in  ea 
terram  tenentes  et  in  prefata  gilda  et  hansa,  lot  et  scot  cum 
eisdem  burgensibus  per  vnum  annum  et  vnum  diem  sine 
calumpnia  mansuerunt,  deinceps  a  dominis  suis  repeti  non  pos- 
sint  sed  in  eadem  villa  liberi  permaneant.'  The  burgesses 
produce  a  charter  of  the  king  which  grants  them  these  liberties. 
They  are  then  asked  to  declare  'quid  et  cuiusmodi  proficuum 
ipsi  clamant  per  verba  generalia  in  predicta  carta  contenta.' 
Among  other  things  they  state : — '  Et  per  illam  clausulam  quod 
habeant  Gildam  mercatoriam,  etc.  clamant  quod  omnes  in  pre- 
dicta villa  manentes  vel  libertatibus  predictis  gaudere  volentes 
et  qui  iurati  sunt  coram  burgensibus  predictis,  et  hansam,  vide- 
licet, quoddam  proficuum  vocatum  hans,  et  lot  et  scot  cum  eis 
soluerint,  erunt  de  Gilda  predicta  et  tune  libere  mercandizare 
possunt  in  villa  predicta  absque  Theolonio  ibidem  seu  alibi 
soluendo;  et  quod  nullus  qui  non  sit  iuratus  et  admissus  in 
gilda  predicta  mercandizare  possit  in  eadem  villa  absque  licencia 
et  voluntate  eorundem  burgensium.' — (Record  of  Caernarvon^ 
158-161.) l 

BEDFOED. 

Richard  I,  Henry  III,  Richard  II  and  Henry  IV  granted 
charters  to  the  burgesses  of  Bedford  in  which  the  Gild  Merchant 
is  mentioned 2.  The  charter  of  Richard  II  enacts  that  no  one 
who  is  not  of  their  Gild,  shall  sell  any  wines  or  merchandise  or 
any  other  saleable  goods  within  the  said  town  of  Bedford  by 
retail. 

The  following  quo  ivarranto  proceedings   throw  much   light 

1  Cf.  the  quo  warranto  proceedings  given  below  under  the  heading  (  Con- 
way.' 

2  Bedford  Records,  pp.  5-8,  14;  Mimic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  2104. 


Proofs  anu  3(llustration&  17 

i 

upon  the  constitution  of  the  Gild  : — '  Major  et  Communitas  ville  BEDFORD. 
de  Bedford'  summoniti  fuerunt  ad  respondendum  domino  Regi 
de  placito  quo  waranto  clamant  habere  gildam  mercatoriam  cum 
omnibus  libertatibus  et  consuetudinibus  suis  in  terris,  in  insulis, 
in  pasturis  et  omnibus  aliis  pertinenciis  suis ;  ita  quod  aliquis 
qui  non  sit  de  gilda  ilia  aliquam  mercaturam  non  faciat  cum  eis 
in  civitate  vel  burgo  vel  villa  vel  in  socagiis.  Et  quod  quieti  sint 
de  theolonio  ....  [Various  other  immunities  are  enumerated. 
The  burgesses  produce  a  charter  of  Richard  I  which  granted  a 
'  Gilda  Mercatoria '  and  other  liberties.]  Ricardus  Rex  progenitor 
domini  Regis  nunc  per  cartam  suam,  quam  proferunt,  concessit  et 
confirmavit  burgensibus  suis  de  Bedeford'  omnes  libertates  et 
consuetudines  et  leges  et  quietancias  suas  quas  habuerunt  tern- 
pore  Regis  Henrici  patris  sui,  nominatim  gildam  suam  merca 
toriam  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  consuetudinibus  suis  in  terris, 
in  insulis,  in  pasturis  et  omnibus  aliis  pertinenciis ;  ita  quod 
aliquis  qui  non  sit  de  gilda  ilia  aliquam  mercaturam  non  faciat 
cum  eis  in  civitate  vel  burgo  vel  villa  vel  in  socagiis.  Preterea 
concessit  et  confirmavit  eis  quod  sint  quieti  de  theolonio  et  pon- 
tagio  ....  [Several  other  liberties  follow.]  Et  iidem  Major  et 
Communitas  quesiti  per  predictum  Ricardum  [i.  e.  R.  de  Alde- 
burghe,  qui  sequitur  pro  domino  Rege]  de  modo  predicte  gilde, 
et  quales  sint  persone  que  infra  gildam  suam  predictam  commo- 
rantur,  et  cujusmodi  proficuum  racione  ejusdem  gilde  percipiunt, 
dicunt  quod  tarn  burgenses  ejusdem  ville  quam  alii  quicunque  in 
eadem  villa  residentes  a  tempore  quo  sacramentum  prestiterint  ad 
libertates  ejusdem  ville  et  pacem  domini  Regis  conservandam  et 
alia  villam  et  gildam  predictas  tangencia  manutenenda,  in  ipsam 
gildam  recipiuntur,  ut  extunc  quascunque  mercandisas  suas  ad 
retallium  vendere  possint  et  quietanciis  et  libertatibus  predictis 
ubicunque  gaudere  tanquam  ipsi  burgenses  racione  libertatum 
suarum  predictarum. 

'  Et  predictus  Ricardus  pro  domino  Rege  dicit  quod  retornum 
brevium  domini  Regis  habere  est  quedam  jurisdiccio  realis  Corone 
domini  Regis  specialiter  annexa  et  quam  nullus  habere  potest 
sine  facto  ipsius  Regis  sive  progenitorum  suorum,  maxime  cum 

c 


1 8  Cfte  <£ilD  ajjerc&ant. 

BEDFORD,  ad  officium  Vicecomitis  ministri  Regis  immediate  pertinet  execu- 
tiones  brevium  facere  et  non  alii,  nisi  per  specialem  concessionem 
Regiam  ad  hoc  fuerit  deputatus,  et  de  qua  idem  Major  et  Com- 
munitas  nichil  ostendunt;  unde  petit  judicium,  si  per  perscrip- 
cionem  retornum  brevium  clamare  possint.  Dicit  eciam  quod 
cum  ipsi  per  cartam  predicti  Regis  Ricardi  clament  habere  gildam 
et  ceteras  libertates  predictas  ut  illas  que  per  eandem  cartam  bur- 
gensibus  de  Bedeford'  conceduntur,  ac  iidem  Major  et  Commu- 
nitas  in  declaracione  gilde  predicte  asserunt  tarn  residentes  in 
predicta  villa  de  Bedeford'  qui  burgenses  non  sunt  quam  ipsos 
burgenses  ad  predictam  gildam  fore  admissos  et  predictis  quie- 
tanciis  et  libertatibus  uti  debere  ac  si  essent  burgenses,  cum 
non  sint,  nee  in  predicta  carta  continetur  quod  predicte  liber- 
tates alicui  alteri  quam  burgensibus  predictis  concedantur,  petit 
judicium,  si  predicti  residentes  qui  burgenses  non  sunt  liberta- 
tibus illis  waranto  superius  expresso  clamare  possint,  etc.  Et 
quo  ad  Majorem  et  Communitatem  predictos  dicit  quod  ad  hoc 
quod  aliqua  Civitas  seu  Burgus  Majorem  creare  vel  Communi- 
tatem habere  possit  oportet  quod  ilia  potestas  a  concessione 
Regia  procedat.  Dicit  eciam  quo  ad  Coronatores  quos  ipsi  Major 

et  Communitas  clamant  habere ' 

The  issue  of  the  case  was  unfavourable  to  the  burgesses,  but 
not  because  of  any  irregularities  in  the  organization  of  the  Gild. — - 
(4  Edward  III.  Plarita  de  quo  War.,  pp.  17-18.) 

BEBWICK. 

From  the  fifteenth  century  the  history  of  Berwick  may  be 
included  in  that  of  English  towns1.  James  II  in  the  second 
A.D.  1686.  year  of  his  reign  granted  the  burgesses  a  long  charter,  of  which 
the  following  portion  relates  to  the  Gild  : — '  Et  ulterius  volumus, 
ac  per  presentes  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris, 
concedimus  prefato  majori,  ballivis  et  burgensibus  burgi  predicti, 
et  successoribus  suis,  quod  ipsi  et  successores  sui  de  cetero  im- 
perpetuum  habeant  infra  burgum  predictum  guildam  mercatorum, 

1  For  its  history  as  a  Scotch  town  see  Volume  i,  Appendix. 


proofs  ann  3[llu0tration&  19 

cum  hansa  et  omnibus  aliis  libertatibus,  privileges,  et  liberis  con-  BERWICK. 
suetudinibus  ad  gildam  illam  pertinentibus,  in  tarn  amplis 
modo  et  forma  prout  antehac  habuerunt,  consueverunt,  seu 
habere  debuerunt  sive  debent.  Ita  quod  nullus  qui  non  sit 
de  gilda  ilia  merchandizam  aliquam  faciat  in  eodem  burgo, 
suburbiis,  libertatibus,  aut  precinctis  ejusdem  burgi,  nisi  de  volun- 
tate  et  beneplacito  majoris,  ballivorum  et  burgensium  ejusdem 
burgi.  Volumus  etiam,  et  per  presentes  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et 
successoribus  nostris  concedimus  prefato  majori,  ballivis  et  bur- 
gensibus  burgi  predicti,  et  successoribus  suis,  quod  quicunque 
mercatores  petierint  burgum  predictum  cum  mercato  suo,  de  quo- 
cunque  loco  fuerint,  sive  extranei  sive  alii,  qui  de  pace  nostra 
fuerint,  vel  de  licencia  nostra  in  terram  nostram  venerint,  veniant, 
morentur,  et  recedant  in  salva  pace  nostra,  faciendo  rectas  con- 
suetudines  ejusdem  burgi.  Et  quod  predicti  burgenses  aut  mer- 
catores non  occacionentur  pro  mistling  [i.  e.  miskenning]  in  suis 
loquelis  (viz.)  si  non  omnia  bene  narraverint.  Et  quod  nullus 
mercator  obviam  eat  mercatori  venienti  per  terram  vel  per  aquam 
cum  merchandizis  suis  et  victualibus  versus  burgum  predictum,  ad 
emendum  vel  revendendum,  quousque  ad  predictum  burgum 
venerint,  et  mercimonia  sua  ibidem  vendicioni  exposuerint,  sub 
forisfactura  rei  empte  et  pena  carceris,  a  quo  sine  gravi  castigacione 
non  evadat.  Et  quod  nullus  mercator  extraneus  qui  non  sit  de 
predicta  gilda  mercatorum,  ac  de  libertate  dicti  burgi,  aliquod 
mercimonium  vel  merchandizas  aliquas  faciat  infra  burgum  pre- 
dictum, suburbia,  libertates,  et  precincta  ejusdem,  alteri  mercatori 
extraneo,  nee  hujusmodi  mercator  extraneus  ab  altero  mercatore 
extraneo  merchandizas  hujusmodi  emat  infra  burgum  predictum, 
sub  forisfactura  mercandizarum  earundem.  Et  quod  nullus  mer- 
cator qui  sit  extraneus  et  non  de  gilda  mercatorum  predictorum 
vendat  in  burgo  predicto  aliquod  mercimonium  nisi  in  grosso. 
Concessimus  etiam,  ac  per  presentes  pro  nobis,  heredibus,  et 
successoribus  nostris  concedimus  prefato  majori,  ballivis  et  bur- 
gensibus  burgi  predicti,  et  successoribus  suis,  quod  annuatim  et 
de  tempore  in  tempus  predictus  major,  ballivi  et  burgenses  burgi 
predicti,  et  successores  sui,  possint  et  valeant  inquirere  et 

C  2 


20  e&e  (Silo  a^erclmnt 

BERWICK,  inquisiciones  facere  infra  burgum  predictum,  suburbia,  libertates, 
et  precincta  ejusdem,  si  qui  burgenses  de  libertatibus  ejusdem 
burgi  sub  nomine  suo  proprio,  vel  sub  nomine  alius  burgensis 
burgi  predicti,  et  ut  bona  et  mercimonia  sua  propria,  vel  alicujus 
alius  burgensis  burgi  predicti,  vendat  vel  vendicioni  exponat  infra 
burgum  predictum  aliqua  bona,  catella,  seu  mercimonia,  aut  mer- 
chandizas  eorum  qui  non  sint  burgenses  de  burgo  illo  nee  de 
libertate  ejusdem,  contra  sacramenta  sua  hac  in  parte  prestita ;  et 
quod  si  aliquis  burgensium  burgi  predicti  inde  culpabilis  inventus 
fuerit,  et  convictus  secundum  consuetudines  gilde  et  burgi  predicti, 
quod  talis  burgensis  sic  offendens  totaliter  amittat  libertatem  suam 
in  burgo  predicto,  et  inde  diffranchisetur  imperpetuum ;  et  quod 
nullus  extraneus  mercator  vendat  vel  emat  aliquod  averium,  vel 
mercimonium  quod  ponderari  debeat  vel  tronari,  nisi  per  stateram 
et  tronaria  nostra,  sub  forisfactura  averii  predicti.' — (Raine,  North 
Durham,  Appendix,  148.) 

In  1835  it  was  still  the  custom  to  hold  four  quarterly  head  gilds 
during  the  year,  which  were  attended  by  all  the  free  burgesses ; 
and  the  mayor  was  bound  to  hold  a  gild  at  any  time  on  the 
demand  of  twelve  burgesses l.  At  such  gilds  apprentices  were 
presented  and  other  business  transacted.  In  1799  there  were 
about  500  burgesses,  but  the  number  of  the  brethren  on  the  gild- 
roll  was  980. — (Fuller,  Berwick,  241-243.) 

The  'Alderman  of  the  year'  was  the  principal  gild  officer. 
At  the  gilds  he  presented  the  petitions  for  admission  to  the 
freedom,  and  he  was  assistant-clerk  of  the  market 2. 

The  Gild  Books  extending  from  1509  to  1805  are  still  preserved 
in  the  town  archives  of  Berwick.  The  'Book  of  Memoranda' 
of  Berwick  contains  a  reference  to  '  the  Gildb9oks  from  1498, 
where  all  the  Orders  of  Guild,  or  By-laws  for  the  government  of 
the  Corporation,  are  recorded.' — (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1872,  p.  309.) 

1  Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  1442. 
3  Ibid.,  p.  1441. 


proofs  anti  3illustration&  2i 


BEVEBLEY. 

The  Gild  Merchant  of  Beverley  is  mentioned  in  charters  of  BEVERLEY. 
Thurstan  and  William,  Archbishops  of  York,  Henry  I,  Henry  II, 
Richard  I,  John,  Richard  II  and  Elizabeth  l.  It  is  called  the 
'  Hanshus '  in  the  charter  of  Thurstan  : — '  Volo  tit  burgenses  mei 
de  Beverlaco  habeant  suam  hanshus,  quam  eis  do  et  concedo 
ut  ibi  sua  statuta  pertractent  ad  honorem  Dei  et  Sancti  Johannis 
et  canonicorum  et  ad  totius  villatus  emendationem,  eadem  liber- 
tatis  lege  sicut  illi  de  Eboraco  habent  in  sua  hanshus.' — (Poutson, 
i.  51  ;  Foedera,  i.  10.)  In  the  confirmations  of  this  charter  by 
Henry  I  and  Archbishop  William  (temp.  Stephen)  the  term 
'  Merchant  Gild '  is  used  for  *  hanshus ' : — 

'  Henricus  [I]  Rex  Anglie  Archiepiscopis,  Episcopis,  Justiciariis, 
Vicecomitibus  et  omnibus  Fidelibus  suis  salutem.  Sciatis  me 
concessisse  et  dedisse  et  hac  mea  carta  confirmasse  Hominibus 
de  Beuerlaco  liberum  Burgagium  secundum  liberas  leges  et  con- 
suetudines  Burgensium  de  Eboraco,  et  suum  Gilde  (sic)  Merca- 
torum  cum  placidis  suis  et  Teloneo  et  cum  omnibus  liberis 
consuetudinibus  et  libertatibus  suis  in  omnibus  rebus,  sicut 
Turstinus  Archiepiscopus  ea  eis  dedit  et  carta  sua  confirmauit 
infra  villam  de  Beuerlaco  et  extra,  tarn  in  bosco  quam  in  piano 
aut  in  marisco  et  aliis.  Et  volo  quod  sint  quieti  de  Teloneo  per 
totam  Schiram  Ebor',  sicut  illi  de  Ebor'.  Testibus,  G.  Can- 
cellario,  R.  Comite  de  Medlent,  apud  WudestokV — (Record  Office, 
Cartae  Antiquae,  R.  15.) 

*  Willielmus  dei  gracia  Ebor'  Archiepiscopus  Clerico  et  populo 
et  omnibus  fidelibus  tarn  futuris  quam  presentibus  hanc  cartam 
bene  et  firmiter  manutenentibus  salutem  et  benedicionem  in 
perpetuum.  Notum  sit  vobis  omnibus  me  concessisse  et  dedisse 
et  presentis  carte  testimonio  confirmasse  liberale  burgagium 
ville  Beuerlaco  et  burgensibus  ibidem  commorantibus  iuxta 
formam  liberalis  burgagii  Ebor',  ea  libertatis  lege  qua  Thurs- 

1  Poulson,  Beverlac,  51,  53-55,  61  and  App.,  p.  7;  Rot.  Chart.,  53 ;  English 
Gilds,  153.     For  various  comments  upon  this  Gild  see  Poulson,  i.  53,  112,  148. 


22 

BEVERLEY.  tanus  Archiepiscopus  venerande  memorie  predecessor  noster  eis 
concessit  et  dedit,  saluis  consuetudinibus  Sancti  Johannis  et 
saluo  nostro  iure  cum  redditibus.  Deinde  de  libertatis  lege  con- 
cessi  et  dedi  eisdem  Burgensibus  vt  habeant  Gildam  Marcan- 
dam  eorum  et  placita,  eadem  libertate  et  eadem  consuetudine 
inter  illos  sicut  illi  de  Ebor'  inter  eos.  Et  volo  vt  statuta  illius 
domus  sint  ad  profecuum  tocius  villatus  et  ad  honorem  dei  et 
Sancti  Johannis  et  canonicorum  et  tocius  eiusdem  ville.  Pre- 
terea  concessi  eis  Theolonium  in  perpetuum  pro  xvm.  marcis 
singulis  annis,  exceptis  tribus  festis,  quod  quidem  tune  ad  nos  et 
Canonicos  spectat  ....  In  hiis  vero  tribus  festis  hoc  modo  deter- 
minatis  ipsos  Burgenses  ab  omni  theolonio  liberos  eciam  et 
quietos  dimisi.  Preterea  huius  etiam  carte  testimonio  eisdem 
Burgensibus  confirmaui  liberos  introitus  et  exitus  scilicet  in 
bosco,  in  piano,  in  marisco  et  in  ceteris  conuenienciis,  sicut  anti- 
quiores  ipsius  ville  iurauerunt  et  probauerunt  de  suis  conueni- 
enciis, exceptis  in  pratis  et  bladis,  sicut  vnquam  melius,  liberius 
et  largius  predictus  Thurstanus  predecessor  noster  venerabilis 
eisdem  Burgensibus  concessit  et  dedit.  Hiis  testibus,  W.  Comite 
Alb','  etc. — (Record  Office \  Misc.  Chancery,  Gilds ;  41.) 

Henry  II  confirmed  in  general  terms  the  grants  of  Thurstan 
and  William, — c  In  thelonio,  et  in  hansus,  in  liberis  introitibus  et. 
exitibus  in  villa  et  extra  villam,'  etc. — (Cartae  Antiquae,  R.  16.) 
According  to  the  charters  of  5  Richard  I  and  i  Eliz.,  the  bur- 
gesses were  to  have  '  omnes  libertates  et  liberas  consuetudines,' 
granted  in  former  charters,  c  in  sua  Gilda  mercatoria,  in  theloneo 
et  in  Hanshus,  in  liberis  introitibus  et  exitibus  in  villa  et  extra 
villam.' — (Cartae  Antiq.,  R.  17;  Addit.  MS.,  Mus.  Brit.,  25703, 
fol.  6;  Poulson,  Appendix,  7.) 

Among  the  returns  to  the  writs  of  inquiry  concerning  the  gilds 
of  England,  sent  out  in  the  year  1388,  is  one  with  the  heading, 
*  Magna  Gilda  Sancti  Johannis  de  Beuerlaco  de  Hanshus.'  It 
gives  no  ordinances,  but  only  copies  of  the  charters  of  Archbishops 
Thurstan  and  William,  Pope  Lucius  III,  and  Richard  II.— 
(Record  Office,  Misc.  Chancery,  Gilds,  4J.)1 

1  Cf.  English  Gilds,  150-153. 


proofs  anu  Illustrations*  23 

The  following  is  one  of  several  statutes  made  at  Beverley  in  BEVERLEY. 
the  year  1493  : — '  Also  yat  every  burges  of  the  town  of  Beverley 
be  fre  to  bye  and  to  sell  hys  awne  glides  so  that  he  kepe  no 
oppyn  shopp  in  retayling,  nor  no  man  to  by  any  maner  of  mar^ 
chaundyse  for  redy  money  to  sell  it  agayne  in  retaylyng  bott  it 
sail  be  presentyd  by  the  alderman  of  marchants  to  the  xn.  gover- 
ners  for  the  yere  beyng.  And  itt  to  be  fynabyll  by  the  dyscrecyon 
of  the  foresayd  xii.  governers  als  oft  tymes  as  any  such  defawts  be 
founde  in  retaylynge.'  These  ordinances  received  the  assent  of 
the  alderman  of  merchants  and  twenty-one  other  aldermen  of 
various  crafts. — (Poulson,  i.  256.) 

BBIDGWATEB. 

The  following  documents  are  among  the  records  of  Bridgwater: 
— A  general  pardon,  4  Henry  [IV],  under  the  Great  Seal,  to  Wil- 
liam Gosse,  William  Gascoigne,  and  Richard  Dyut,  Wardens  or 
Stewards  of  the  Merchants'  Gild  of  Bridgwater,  in  behalf  of  the 
Gild.— (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1872,  p.  311.)  Two  Stewards  of  the 
Gild,  and  the  Commons  of  B.  present  a  priest  to  the  Bishop  of 
Bath  and  Wells  in  the  year  1393. — (Ibid.,  314.)  A  conveyance 
by  the  same  Stewards  to  Roger  Satre  '  taillour '  of  a  tenement. 
Witnesses,  ^Humphrey  Horelok  and  John  Lombe,  Provosts,  John 
Eygod  and  Ralph  Fysschepond,  Bailiffs  of  the  Gild  there,  and 
John  Horelok,  Bailiff  of  the  Commonalty,  16  Richard  II.  In 
another  conveyance  two  c  Stewards  of  the  Gild  of  the  Commu- 
nity,' two  Provosts  and  two  Bailiffs  appear  as  witnesses,  12  Henry 
IV.— (Ibid.,  3 1 5.) 

An  indenture,  probably  of  the  reign  of  Edward  I,  makes  known 
that  all  the  burgesses  and  the  commonalty  of  Bridgwater  for  the 
promotion  of  love  and  peace  have  ordained  that  they  will  choose 
yearly  two  Seneschals  of  their  Gild  and  one  bailiff  to  attend  on 
them ;  such  Seneschals  to  have  power  to  punish  those  offending 

» 

against  these  ordinances.  Any  one  convicted  before  the  Sene- 
schals for  maliciously  imputing  certain  crimes  to  another,  shall 
be  amerced,  etc.  No  one  shall  implead  another  without  the  burgh. 


24  Cfte  <$ilD  sgjerc&ant, 

BRIDGWA  TER.  Any  one  summoned  by  the  bailiff  to  appear  before  the  Seneschals 
and  neglecting  to  do  so,  is  to  be  amerced ;  also  any  one  opposing 
execution  or  distress  made  by  order  of  the  Seneschals.  No  flesh 
or  fried  fish  shall  be  bought  for  the  purpose  of  retailing  before 
9  A.M.  The  Seneschals  of  St.  Mary's  and  of  the  Holy  Cross  and 
the  Warden  of  the  bridge  of  Bridgwater  shall  render  account  of 
moneys  arising  therefrom  to  the  said  Seneschals.  All  penalties 
are  to  be  levied  by  the  bailiff.  The  Seneschals  are  to  render  a 
yearly  account  of  all  moneys  received  by  them. — (Ibid.  316.) 

The  following  entries  occur  in  the  Rolls  of  the  Receiver,  or 
Bailiff  of  the  Commonalty  of  Bridgwater  (22  Henry  VI)  : — '  VII..T. 
vi.d.  received  of  Richard  Cloptone  for  having  the  freedom  of  the 
gild.'  '  From  John  Eremyte  for  his  fine  upon  having  his  freedom, 
vm.s.'  f  From  John  Eleys,  smith,  for  having  his  freedom,  iv.j.' 
'  xii.*/.  received  of  Richard  Forde,  corviser,  for  following  his  craft 
this  year.' — (Odgers,  MS.  Accounts  of  Bridgwater ,  41.) 

BKISTOL. 

The  charter  of  John,  Earl  of  Moreton,  granted  among  other 
things  : — '  Quod  nullus  extraneus  mercator  emat  infra  villam  de 
homine  extraneo  coria,  blada  vel  lanam  nisi  de  burgensibus ;  et 
quod  nullus  extraneus  habeat  tabernam  nisi  in  navi,  nee  vendat 
pannum  ad  decisionem  nisi  in  nundinis ;  et  quod  nullus  extra- 
neus moretur  in  villa  cum  mercibus  suis  propter  merces  suas  ven- 

dendas  nisi  per  quadraginta  dies et  quod  habeant  omnes 

rationabiles  gildas  suas,  sicut  eas  melius  habuerunt  tempore  Ro- 
berti  et  Willelmi  filii  sui  comitum  Gloucestriae.' — (Seyer,  Charters, 

8-9.) 

*  It  appears  by  the  Great  Red  Book  of  Bristol,  p.  30,  that  the 
mayor,  bailiffs  and  commonalty  had  a  free  guild  of  merchants  in 
the  town  and  suburb,  from  time  beyond  the  memory  of  man,  and 
all  things  belonging  to  a  guild,  viz.  :  to  buy  and  sell  in  the  said 
town  freely  and  quietly  from  all  toll  and  customs,  and  had  other 
liberties  belonging  to  them,  and  for  the  whole  time  used  to  take 
a  certain  fine  (or  praestacioneni)  to  their  own  use  from  all  who 


proofs  ann  3illiistration&  25 

were  admitted  into  the  liberties  and  society  of  the  said  guild,  to  BRISTOL 
have  the  liberty  aforesaid  according  to  what  could  be  agreed  rea- 
sonably between  them  ;  —  the  guild  was  confirmed  in  their  liberties 
by  John  Earl  of  Moreton,  afterwards  King  John,  and  by  William 
Earl  of  Glocester.'  —  (Barrett,  Bristol,  179.) 

Robert  Aurifaber  in  1235  granted  the  rent  charge  upon  two 
stone  houses,  opposite  St.  Nicholas  church,  for  the  chaplain  cele- 
brating mass  in  the  said  church,  the  chaplain  to  be  chosen  by  the 
mayor  and  the  steward  of  the  Merchants'  Company.  —  (Nicholls 
and  Taylor,  Bristol,  i.  119.)  The  '  Seneschallos  Gildae  Merca- 
torum'  are  mentioned  in  another  deed  of  1240.  —  (Barrett, 


The  '  Consuetudines  Villae  Bristolliae'  (about  the  year  1314) 
assert  '  that  out  of  the  profits  of  the  Gild  of  Merchants  and  of  the 
town  they  support  eight  bridges,  the  pavement  or  pitching,  five 
conduits  of  water,  the  Key  before  the  ships,  and  the  public  officers.' 
—  (Barrett,  p.  vii.) 

Nicholls  and  Taylor  (i.  152-158)  give  a  long  account  of  what 
they  call  a  contest  between  the  Merchant  Gild  and  the  crafts  in 
the  year  1312.  In  the  original  documents,  copies  of  which  are 
printed  in  Seyer's  Memoirs,  ii.  88-94,  neither  the  Gild  nor  the 
crafts  are  mentioned.  It  was  simply  an  uprising  of  the  mass 
of  the  burgesses,  headed  by  principal  men  of  the  commonalty 
('majores  communitatis'),  against  the  usurpations  of  fourteen  of  the 
burgesses,  who  assumed  too  great  authority  in  the  management 
of  the  revenues  of  the  town.  —  (Seyer,  ii.  95,  96.) 

In  the  yth  year  of  Edward  IV,  William  Canynges  being  mayor, 
the  following  ordinances  were  made  for  merchants,  according  to 
the  custom  from  time  immemorial  :  — 

1.  The  mayor  and  council  fifteen  days  after  Michaelmas  were 
to  call  a  council  and  to  choose  from  them  a  person  that  hath 
been  mayor  or  sheriff,  to  be  master  of  the  fellowship  of  merchants, 
and  to  choose  two  merchants  for  wardens,  and  two  beedles  to  oc- 
cupy as  beedles  and  brokers  to  be  attendant  the  said  year  upon 
the  said  masters  and  wardens,  etc. 

2.  The  master  and  fellowship  to  have  at  their  will  the  chapel 


26  c&e  ®iin 

BRISTOL,  and  the  draught  chamber  at  Spicers  Hall  to  assemble  in,  paying 
2os.  per  annum. 

3.  All  merchants  to  attend  (if  in  town)  upon  summons,  or  to 
pay  one  pound  of  wax  to  the  master  and  fellowship. 

4.  All  rules  for  selling  to  strangers  any  of  the  four  merchandises 
[fmete-oyl,  wool-oyl,  iron  and  wax']  to  be  kept  on  pain  of  2os. 
for  every  default,  one  half  to  the  fellowship,  the  other  to  the 
chamber, 

5.  Nor  upon  pain  aforesaid  to  sell  to  any  stranger  under  the 
ruled  price. 

6.  If  any  merchant  be  in  distress,  he  must  apply  to  the  wardens 
or  beedles,  declaring  the  same,  and  if  they  provide  not  a  remedy 
within  three  days,  then  the  merchant  burgess  to  sell  any  of  his 
four  merchandises  at  his  pleasure. — (Barrett^  179.) 

'The  Society  of  Merchant  Venturers,  as  it  now  exists  [1872],  is 
undoubtedly  the  traditional  representative  of  the  ancient  Guild  of 
Merchants,  whose  ordinances,  as  just  stated,  were  renewed  by 
Edward  IV,  but  whose  liberties  "to  buy  and  sell  in  the  town 
freely  and  quietly  from  all  toll  and  customs,  etc.,"  had  been  ante- 
cedently confirmed  by  John,  Earl  of  Moreton,  afterwards  King 
John.  The  present  company  was  incorporated  by  Edward  VI, 
whose  charter  recites  that  men  who  had  never  been  apprenticed 
to  merchants  having  with  strange  ships  encroached  upon  the  trade 
of  the  port,  to  prevent  the  continuance  of  such  irregularities  the 
freemen  of  the  city  using  the  art  or  mystery  of  Merchant  Venturers 
should  be  incorporated  by  the  style  of  the  "  Masters,  Wardens, 
and  Commonalty  of  Merchant  Venturers  of  the  City  of  Bristol." 
It  was  likewise  granted  that  they  should  choose  a  master  and  two 
wardens  of  the  mystery,  who  would  be  sworn  before  the  mayor 
and  aldermen,  and  have  power  to  make  ordinances  for  the  profit- 
able government  of  the  mystery  and  the  men  of  the  same,  and 
such  only  as  did  touch  and  concern  the  said  mystery,  but  not  in 
prejudice  of  the  royal  prerogative,  or  of  the  Mayor  of  Bristol,  or 
any  of  the  royal  charters,  or  of  the  Society  of  Merchants  trading 
to  the  coast  of  Holland,  Zealand,  Brabant,  Flanders,  and  the  parts 
adjacent ;  and  that  none  should  practise  the  art  of  merchandize  in 


Proofs  anD  ^lustrations,  27 

the  City  of  Bristol,  except  such  as  were  admitted  into  the  said  BRISTOL. 
society  or  otherwise  apprenticed,  or  had  used  the  mystery  for 
seven  years.  This  charter  was  confirmed,  by  Act  of  Parliament, 
in  the  eighth  year  of  Elizabeth,'  but  was  repealed  five  years  after 
(13  Eliz.,  c.  22).  Charles  I  (7  Jan.,  1638)  restored  to  the  society 
the  charter  of  Edward  VI  and  granted  another  charter.  '  This 
second  charter  of  Charles  I  did  not  affect  the  constitution  of  the 
society,  which  is  therefore  now  established  under  the  authority 
of  the  charter  of  1638.' 

'  The  proper  characteristic  of  the  company  as  qualified  by  their 
charters  of  being  a  guild  of  commerce  and  nothing  more,  has  been 
practically  changed  in  modern  times.  In  respect  to  being  a  kind 
of  feudal  corporation  and  monopolists  of  foreign  trade,  its  once 
enormous  power  has  collapsed,  and  it  now  lies,  like  King  Arthur 
after  his  last  battle,  but  as  a  shattered  column.  It  has,  however, 
renewed  its  youth  by  becoming  "from  its  respectability,  the  almoner 
of  many  noble  charities.'"  'Almost  the  only  part  of  the  charter 
now  observed  with  strictness  by  the  merchants,  is  the  care  they 
take  to  elect  none  into  their  society  who  are  not  already  freemen 
of  the  city.' 

'  The  society  are  proprietors  of  considerable  landed  estates,  and 
possess,  among  other  property,  the  Hotwells  at  Clifton.' — (Taylor, 
Book  about  Bristol,  236-239. )J 

'  Another  corporate  body  now  [1835]  existing  in  Bristol  is  the 
Society  of  Merchants  Venturers,  which  is  unquestionably  derived 
from  the  Old  Merchant  Guild  of  the  freemen  of  Bristol,  who 
formerly  claimed  an  almost  exclusive  right  of  trading  in  the  town.' 
'The  Society  has  long  ceased  to  be  a  trading  company:  the 
members  of  it  are  of  all  professions  indiscriminately.  They  do 
not  now  exercise  any  authority  whatever  over  the  other  merchants 
of  Bristol :  but  they  adhere  so  far  to  the  spirit  of  their  original 
institution,  that  they  consider  themselves  incorporated  for  the 
purpose  of  watching  any  public  proceedings  relative  to  the  port 
and  trade  of  the  city,  and  of  interposing  with  their  collective 

1  Cf.  Nicholls  and  Taylor,  Bristol,  i.  244-245  ;  Barrett,  181-182 ;  Munic. 
Corp.  Com.  1835,  1202-1205. 


28  c&e  <$ilD  agercimnt, 

BRISTOL,  influence  accordingly  as  they  judge  these  to  be  advantageous  or 
otherwise.  On  such  occasions,  they  correspond  with  other  public 
bodies,  petition  the  legislature,  and  memorialize  the  officers  of 
the  Executive  Government.' — (Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  pp.  1202, 
1204.) 

The  Society  of  Merchant  Venturers  of  Bristol  is  still  in  exist- 
ence. 

BUBFOBD1. 

'Willielmus  Comes  Gloec'2.  .  .  Sciatis  me  concessisse  omnibus 
meis  hominibus  de  Burford  omnes  illas  consuetudines  quas 
Robertus  films  Hamonis  auus  meus  et  Robertus  Comes  Glouc' 3 
concesserunt,  sicut  carte  illius  testantur,  videlicet  istas,  vt  vnus- 
quisque  domum  et  terram  et  omnem  pecuniam  suam  possit  vendere 
et  in  vadimonio  ponere  et  de  filio  vel  filia  vel  uxore  vel  de  quo- 
libet  alio  absque  ipsius  domini  requisicione  heredem  facere.  Et 
Gildam  et  consuetudines  quas  habent  Burgenses  de  Oxenfordia  in 
Gildam  mercatorum.  Et  quicunque  ad  mercatum  venire  voluerint 
veniant,  et  in  ipso  mercato  habeant  licenciam  emendi  quecunque 
voluerint  preter  lanam  et  corea,  nisi  homines  ipsius  ville.  Testi- 
bus,  Willielmo  filio  Johannis  .  .  .  apud  Oxenford.' — (Record  Office, 
Misc.  Chancery ',  Gilds,  23.) 

'Henricus  [II]  Rex  Anglic  et  Dux  Normannie  et  Aquitanie, 
Comes  Andegavie,  omnibus  Justitiariis  et  Vicecomitibus  et  minis- 
tris  suis  tocius  Anglie  salutem.  Precipio  quod  Willielmus  Comes 
Glouecestrie  cognatus  meus  teneat  omnes  terras  suas  ita  bene  et 
in  pace  et  libere  et  quiete  et  honorifice  sicut  Comes  Robertus 
pater  suus  eas  tenuit  tempore  Henrici  Regis  aui  mei.  Et  habeat 
in  pace  et  integre  et  plenarie  in  omnibus  locis  et  in  omnibus 
rebus  omnes  illas  libertates  et  quietancias  et  liberas  consuetudines 
quas  habuerunt  (sic)  tempore  Comitis  Roberti.  Et  sciatis  me 
concessisse  liberis  Burgensibus  ville  Comitis  Willielmi  de  Bureford 
omnes  liberas  consuetudines  illas  quas  habere  solebant  tempore 
Comitis  Roberti  et  tempore  Willielmi  Comitis,  sicut  carte  illorum 
testantur,  et  gildam  et  consuetudines  quas  habent  liberi  Bur- 

1  In  Oxfordshire.  2  Died  1173.  3  Died  1147. 


proofs  ana  3[Hustrattons,  29 

genses  de  Oxenfordia  in  gilda  mercatorum.     Quia  volo  vt  ita  sit.  BURFORD. 
Teste,  Ric'  de  Humet,  Constabulario,  et  War'  filio  Ger',  apud 
Chinonem  in  excercitu  Regis.' — (Ibid.) 

The  certificate  from  which  the  above  grants  were  taken,  is 
dated  January  28th,  [1389],  and  contains  in  all  eight  charters  to 
the  burgesses  of  Burford.  The  first  one  on  the  membrane  is 
that  of  '  Robertus  films  Hamonis,'  but  a  portion  of  it  has  dis- 
appeared : — '  Robertus  Hamonis  filius  omnibus  suis  hominibus 
et  amicis  salutem.  Volo  .  .  .  de  Oxenford',  videlicet,  vt  vnus- 
quisque  domum  suam  et  terram  .  .  .  vxore  vel  de  quolibet  alio 
absque  ipsius  domini  requisicione  heredem  facere  .  .  .  Gildam 
mercatorum.  Et  adhuc  concede  vt  quicunque  ad  mercatum  .  .  . 
preter  lanam  et  corea,  nisi  homines  istius  ville.'  The  certificate 
throws  no  further  light  on  the  history  of  the  Gild;  the  few 
explanatory  words  with  which  it  ends  are  partially  obliterated : — 
'  Qui  quidem  burgenses  et  omnes  predecessores  .  .  .  consuetu- 
dines  et  libertates  prescriptas  habuerunt  et  eis  vti  et  gaudere 
consueuerunt  spectant  .  .  .  catalla  ad  predictam  gildam.' 

BUKY  ST.  EDMUND'S. 

'  Item  facta  est  contencio  magna  inter  R.1  celerarium  et  H.2 
sacristam  de  pertinentiis  officiorum  suorum,  ita  quod  sacrista 
nolebat  accommodare  celerario  ergastulum  ville  ad  includendum 
latrones,  qui  capiebantur  in  feudo  celerarii.  Unde  celerarius 
sepius  vexabatur  et,  latronibus  evadentibus,  vituperabatur  pro 
defectu  justicie.  Contigit  autem,  quod  quidem  libere  tenens  de 
celerario,  extra  portam  manens,  Ketel  nomine,  latrocinio  calum- 
niatus  et  duello  victus,  suspensus  erat.  Dolebat  autem  conventus 
propter  opprobria  burgensium,  dicentium  quod,  si  esset  homo  ille 
manens  infra  burgum,  non  pervenisset  ad  duellum,  sed  juramentis 
vicinorum  suorum  se  adquietasset,  sicut  libertas  est  eorum  qui 
manent  infra  burgum.  Videntes  ergo  hoc  abbas  et  sanior  pars 
conventus,  et  attendentes  quod  homines,  tarn  extra  burgum  quam 
infra,  nostri  sunt,  et  omnes  debent  eadem  libertate  frui  infra 

1  Rogerum.  2  Hugonem. 


30  Cfte  <$ilD  agercfmnt, 

BURY  ST.  bannamleucam,  preter  lancettos  de  Herdewic  et  pares  eorum,  con- 
EDWHO'S.  sulte  providemnt  quomodo  posset  hoc  fieri.  Volens  itaque  abbas 
officia  sacristie  et  celerarii  certis  articulis  determinare  et  conten- 
ciones  sedare,  quasi  fovendo  partem  sacriste,  precepit,  lit  servientes 
prefecti  ville  et  servientes  celerarii  intrarent  simul  feudum  celerarii 
ad  capiendos  latrones  et  malefactores,  et  prefectus  dimidium  lucri 
haberet  pro  incarceracione  et  custodia  et  labore  suo,  et  curia 
celerarii  veniret  ad  portmanne-mot,  et  ibi  communi  concilio  judi- 
carentur  judicandi.  Statutum  est  etiam,  ut  homines  celarii 
venirent  ad  domum  thelonei  cum  aliis,  et  ibi  renovarent  pleggios 
suos,  et  scriberentur  in  rolla  prefecti,  et  ibi  darent  prefecto 
denarium,  qui  dicitur  borth-selver^  et  celarius  haberet  dimidiam 
partem ;  sed  nunc  nihil  omnino  inde  capit  celerarius  :  hoc  autem 
totum  fuit  factum,  ut  omnes  equali  libertate  gauderent.  Dicunt 
tamen  adhuc  burgenses,  quod  suburbani  non  deberent  esse 
quieti  de  theloneo  in  foro,  nisi  fuerint  in  gilda  mercatorum.  Pre- 
fectus autem,  abbate  dissimulante,  placita  et  forisfacturas  sibi 
vendicat  de  feudo  celerarii  hiis  diebus.' — (Chronica  Jocelini  de 
Brakelonda,  p.  74,  anno  1198.) 

'A.D.  MCCLXIV.  Henrici  tertii  XLVIII°,  quidem  juniores  et 
minus  discretiores  Villae  S.  Edmundi  quandam  conspirationem 
suscitarunt,  quam  Gildam  sub  colore  appellari  fecerunt,  cum 
quodam  cornu  erecto  communi,  cui  intendere  unanimiter  prae- 
sumpserunt,  cornu  spreto  totius  communitatis  antique,  et  a 
tempore  de  quo  non  extat  memoria  prius  auctorizato ;  et  diversas 
injurias  attemptarunt  contra  Dominum  Simonem  Abbatem,  nec- 
non  contra  quosdam  Villae,  in  praejudicium  non  modicum 
Monasterii  S.  Edm.  et  Villatae  ejusdem;  propter  quod  plures 
dissentiones  inter  praefatum  Dominum  Abbatem,  Conventum 
et  suos,  et  Villatam  memoratam  saepius  suscitabantur ;  et  prae- 
cipue  pro  eo,  quod  iidem  juniores  una  cum  suis  complicibus 
eidem  Abbati  ad  Portam  Aquilonis  vi  et  armis  clausa  janua 
resistentes,  necnon  insultum  aliquando  facientes  in  Portas  Ab- 
batiae  S.  Edm.  injurias  et  violentias  saepius  commiserint :  unde 
praefatus  Dominus  Abbas  habito  consilio  cum  Domino  Rege 
et  suis  Consiliariis,  Breve  impetravit  de  inquirendo  in  hujus- 


Proofs  anD  3[Hustration&  3i 

modi  transgressiones,  etc.  Majores  vero  et  discretiores  prae-  BURY  ST. 
dictae  Villae,  attendentes  quod  per  talem  actionem  eis  posset 
generari  periculum  de  libertatibus  suis  a  praefato  Abbate  et 
Conventu  longo  tempore  obtentis  et  usitatis,  per  nobiles  viros 
eidem  Abbati  supplicarunt,  quod  ab  hujus  prosecutione  desis- 
teret;  ita  viz.  ut  constituat  sibi  Judices,  quos  sibi  placuerit,  nisi 
ipsemet  intromittere  voluerit,  et  in  Foro  laicali,  sive  ecclesiastico 
inquiratur  de  omnimodis  injuriis  a  Pascha  usque  ad  talem  diem 
Abbati  et  Conventui  factis,  et  quicunque  invenietur  culpabilis 
satisfaciet  competenter,  et  qui  noluerit  satisfacere  distringatur, 
etc.  Insuper  praedictam  Gildam  omnino  adnihilabant  praefati 
discretiores  et  majores,  ita  quod  si  quis  earn  de  caetero  teneat, 
extra  communitatem  ejusdem  Villae  penitus  ejiciatur  irrever- 
surus,  nisi  condignam  pro  meritis  Abbati  et  Conventui  fecerit 
satisfactionem.  Hinc  secuta  est  concordia  talis :  Quod  cum 
Burgenses  Portam  Aquilonalem  contra  Abbatem,  Portam  Aus- 
tralem  contra  Sacristam  et  Cellerarium  clausas  tenuissent,  in- 
sultum  ad  magnam  Portam  Monachorum  fecissent,  Portam 
Coemeterii  fregissent,  homines  Monachorum  usque  ad  Altare 
prosecuti  essent,  et  Gildam  novam  levassent,  etc.,  iidem  Gildam 
illam  dampnarent,  et  pro  aliis  gravaminibus  Abbati  illatis  usque 
ad  Festum  Paschae  MCCLXIV.  eidem  Abbati  XL.  libras  argenti 
solverent,  salvis  Abbati  actionibus  quas  habet  contra  singulares 
personas ;  de  injuriis  autem  post  Pascham  praedictam  illatis 
coram  Abbate  vel  suo  Justiciario  respondebunt,  et  in  forma 
juris  parebunt,  et  si  recusaverint,  a  communitate  Villae  expel- 
lentur;  ad  quod  fideliter  exequendum  xxiv.  de  majoribus  pro 
se  et  heredibus  suis  et  successoribus  corporale  sacramentum 
praestiterunt ;  et  scripto  in  modum  Chirographi  confecto  sigilla 
sua  opposuerunt.' — (Battely,  Antiquitates  S.  Edm.^  159-160.) 

'Memorandum  quod  ante  bellum  de  Lewes  quedam  multi- 
tude de  villa  Sancti  Edmundi  in.  vel  plus  numero  qui  se  Bache- 
larii  vocari  fecerunt  per  conspiracionem  mutuam  quandam  Gildam 
leuauerunt,  quam  Gildam  iuuenum  vocauerunt.  Et  fuit  talis 
conspiracio  et  confederacio  inter  eos  per  iuramentum  quod  nullo 
ballivo  intenderent,  sed  aldermannum  et  ballivos  de  se  ipsis 


32  €&e  (SilD  sgjercfmnt 

ST.     elegerunt,  qui  dati  fuerunt  ad  sedandum  et  corigendum  omnes 

EDMUND'S. 

contenciones   inter   eosdem  factas   siue   faciendas.      Statuerunt 

etiam  inter  se  quod  cornu  haberent  commune  cui  intenderent 
cum  sonum  illius  audirent,  spreto  omnino  cornu  communitatis 
quod  mothorn  dicitur  et  sono  eiusdem ;  et  quicunque  non  inten- 
deret  illis  et  conspiracionibus  suis  judicaretur  inter  eos  publicus 
inimicus,  et  sic  haberent  iustam  causam  insurgere  contra  talem. 
Vnde  innumerabiles  enormitates  tarn  speciales  quam  generales 
die  noctuque  indefinenter  commiserunt  contra  pacem  Domini 
Regis,  etc.,  vnde  accidit  quadam  die  circa  mediam  primam 
quod  iidem  conspiratores  vna  cum  maxima  multitudine  villate 
Sancti  Edmundi  venerunt  cum  armis  ad  ianuam  abbacie  et  in- 
sultum  versus  Curiam  fecerunt  et  Januas  illas  fregerunt  et  quam 
plures  sagittas  infra  curiam  emiserunt  cum  non  modico  periculo.' 

(Album  Registrum  Monast.  S.  Edm,>  Add.  MS.,  Mus. 

Brit.,  14847,  fol.  102. )J 


'Placita  apud  Villam  Sancti  Edmundi  coram  Willielmo  de 
Bereford,  W.  Howard,  et  W.  de  Carleton,  Justiciariis  Domini 
Regis  assignatis  die  Martis  proxima  post  festum  Sanctae  Luciae 
A.D.  1304.  Virginis  anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis  Henrici  Tricesimo 
tertio : — Nicolaus  Fouk  et  alii  conspiratione  inter  eos  apud 
villam  praedictam  praehabita  necnon  Sacramento  inter  eos, 
et  conventiculas  illicitas  authoritate  sua  propria  facientes  die 
Lunae  proxima  post  Festum  Nativitatis  Beatae  Mariae  Virginis 
Anno  Domini  Regis  nunc  xxx°,  Ordinaverunt  et  Statuerunt 
quod  nullus  maneret  inter  eos  in  dicta  villa  habens  catalla  xx. 
solidorum,  qui  ne  eis  solveret  n.  solidos  et  unum  denarium, 
quam  quidem  solutionem  vocant  inter  se  hansing-silver,  quos 
denarios  tali  ratione  ceperunt  divisim  de  Reginaldo  del  Black- 
house  et  Roberto  le  Carpentier,  hominibus  in  praedicta  villa 
commorantibus,  et  etiam  praeter  hoc  de  quolibet  ipsorum  Regi- 
naldo et  Roberto  xn.  denarios  de  gersuma.  Et  similiter  .... 
inter  se  Statuerunt,  quod  quilibet  ejusdem  villae  habens  catalla 

1  Cf.  Yates,  Hist,  of  St.  Edm.,  123-126;  Monast.  Anglic.,  iii.  107. 


proofs  anD  3|Hu0trationsu  33 

ad  valentiam  x.  marcarum  solveret  eis  quadraginta  sex  solidos  BURY  ST. 

et  octo  denarios,  quos  authoritate  ilia  de  Roberto  Scot,  homine      

in  praedicta  villa  commorante,  ceperunt.  Et  etiam  eisdem  die 
et  anno  inter  eos  statuerunt,  quod  nullus  in  praedicta  villa 
moram  traheret  ultra  unum  annum  et  unum  diem  quin  ad 
Sacramentum  conventiculas  et  ordinationes  suas  praedictas 

manutenendas  praestandi l  distringeretur [Various  other 

usurpations  of  the  burgesses  are  detailed.]  Praedicti  Nicolaus 
Fouk  et  alii  bene  cognoscunt,  quod  Abbas  Dominus  est  totius 
villae  praedictae,  et  ballivos  suos  ad  curiam  suam  in  eadem 
villa  tenendum,  etc.  ponere,  etc.  debeat.  Sed  quoad  conspira- 
tionenr  praedictam,  etc.  bene  defendunt,  quod  de  praedicta 
conspiratione  non  sunt  culpabiles,  etc.  Et  quod  Abbas  eis 
imponit,  quod  illicitas  conventiculas  in  praedicta  villa  fecerunt 
statuendp  et  ordinando,  quod  quilibet  manens  in  eadem  villa 
habens  catalla  ad  valentiam  xx.  s.,  etc.  (ut  supra),  dicunt,  quod 
praedictus  Abbas  injuste  queritur,  quia  dicunt,  quod  ipsi  habent 
Aldermannum  et  Gildam  mercatoriam  in  praedicta  villa  et  sunt 
liberi  Burgenses,  etc.,  reddentes  judicia  per  Aldermannum  suum 
de  placitis  in  Curia  ipsius  Abbatis  coram  Ballivis  ejusdem  in  villa 
praedicta  placitatis.  Et  quod  ipsi  absque  aliquibus  transgres- 
sionibus,  conventiculis  illicitis  conveniunt  ad  Guildam  Aulam 
suam  in  eadem  villa,  quotiens  opus  fuerit,  ad  tractandum  de 
communi  proficuo  et  utilitate  hominum  et  Burgensium  praedictae 
Ville,  sicut  eis  bene  licet.  Et  quod  ipsi  et  eorum  Antecessores  et 
Praedecessores,  Burgenses,  etc.  tali  eonsuetudine  usi  sunt  a  tern- 
pore  cujus  non  extat  memoria,  scilicet,  de  capiendo  de  quolibet 
homine  manente  in  praedicta  villa  existente  in  decennia  Abbatis 
loci  praedicti,  habente  catalla  ad  valentiam  viginti  solidorum,  duos 
solidos  et  unum  denarium,  pro  sic  quod  mercari  possit  inter 
eos  et  eorum  mercatoriis  consuetudinibus  in  eadem  villa  gaudere ; 
et  similiter  percipiendi  XLVI.J.  vm.d.  de  quolibet  homine  Villae 
praedictae  habente  catalla  ad  valentiam  x.  marcarum  ad  Guildam 
suam  mercatoriam  tenendam.  Et  quod  talis  est  ipsorum  super 
hoc  consuetude,  scilicet,  quod  xn.  Burgenses  de  praedicta  Villa 

1  i.e.'  ad  sacramentum  prestandum  ad  conventiculas  .  .  .  manutenendas.' 

D 


34  Cfte  (Silo  figjercfmnt 

ST.  eligere  consueverunt  quatuor  homines  ejusdem  Villae  annuatim 
EDMUND'S.  acj  Guj}dam  SUam  mercatoriam  tenendam,  quorum  quilibet 
habeat  catalla  ad  valentiam  x.  marcarum.  Qui  quidem  quatuor 
homines  sic  electi  praemuniri  consueverunt  per  duos  Burgenses 
de  guilda  praedicta,  qui  dicuntur  les  Dyes,  ad  Guildam  suam  prae- 
dictam  tenendam ;  et  iidem  homines  sic  electi  plegia  invenire 
consueverunt  coram  Aldermanno  et  Burgensibus  in  Guildaula 
praedicta  ad  tenendam  Guildam  praedictam,  vel  quod  quilibet 
eorum  solveret  XLVI.  solidos  et  vm.  denarios,  qui  Guildam  illam 
tenere  recusaret.  Et  ad  hoc  faciendum  consueverunt  Alder- 
mannus  et  Burgenses  in  villa  praedicta  distringere  singulos 
homines  in  eadem  villa  habentes  catalla  ad  valentiam  x.  mar- 
carum, inter  eos  mercari  volentes  et  eorum  consuetudinibus 
mercatoriis  gaudere.  Et  ita  tune  quilibet  praedictorum  quatuor 
hominum  sic  electorum  Burgensiae  inter  eos  et  eorum  consue- 
tudine  in  posterum  gauderet,  et  in  forma  praedicta  usi  sunt  Bur- 
genses praedictae  villae  percipere  duos  solidos  et  unum  denarium, 
etc.  Et  hoc  parati  sunt  verificare,  unde  petunt  judicium,  etc. 
[They  answer  the  other  charges  of  the  Abbot.]  Jura- 
tores  dicunt,  etc.  quod Abbas  necesse  habet  respondere, 

si  praedicti  Nicolaus  Fouke  et  alii  habeant  Guildam  mercatoriam 
in  praedicta  villa  aut  non,  etc.  Abbas  dicit,  quod  non  habent 
guildam  mercatoriam,  nee  cognitiones  Placitorum  ad  guildam 
mercatoriam  pertinentes,  nee  communitatem,  nee  sigillum  com- 
mune, nee  majorem ;  sed  tenent  quandam  guildam  ad  Festum 
Nativitatis  Beati  Johannis  Baptistae  in  certo  loco  ad  commes- 
tiones  et  potationes  faciendas,  tenentes  ibidem  conventiculas  suas 
illicitas  et  capiendo  de  singulis  hominibus  in  dicta  villa  manen- 
tibus  praedictos  duos  solidos  et  unum  denarium,  et  etiam  XLVI. 
solidos  et  vm.  denarios,  levantesque  hujusmodi  pecuniam  de 
hominibus  praedictis,  ut  hujus  solventes  sint  de  societate  sua, 
per  districtiones  super  ipsos  factas ;  et  non  dedicit  quin  anteces- 
sores  praedictorum  Nicolai  et  aliorum  diu  percipere  consueverunt 
hujusmodi  extorsiones  duorum  solidorum  et  unius  denarii  et  XLVI. 
solidorum  et  vm.  denariorum,  sed  contra  legem  mercatoriam  et 
voluntatem  praedictorum  solventium  et  contra  pacem,  etc.,  et 


proofs  ano  3[llu0tratton&  35 

ultra  quantitatem  tertiae  partis  bonorum  suorum ;  et  per  extor-  BURY  ST. 
siones  hujusmodi  et  redemptiones  clamium  [i.  e.  clamant]  facere 
Burgenses  infra  libertatem  et  dominium  ipsius,  quod  ad  ipsum 
Abbatem,  et  non  ad  alium,  ibidem  pertinet  faciendum,  etc. 

'  Dies  datus  est  .  .  .  .  Consideratum  est,  quod  praedictus  Abbas 
dampna  sua  versus  praedictum  Nicolaum  et  alios  centum  quater 
viginti  decem  et  novem  libras,  tresdecem  solidos  et  quatuor 
denarios,  et  similiter  praedicta  dampna  sua  de  dimidia  marca 
versus  Robertum  Filium  Nicolai  Fouke.  Et  idem  Nicolaus  et 
alii  committantur  Gaolae,  etc.  Postea  praedicti  Nicolaus  et  alii 
venerunt  et  finem  fecerunt,  etc.  Et  aliqui  alii  in  querela  habeant 
prisonam  per  unum  mensem  propter  pauperitatem  eorum,  etc. 
Et  praedicti  Nicolaus  et  alii  venerunt  coram  Justiciariis  et  satis- 
fecerunt  domino  Abbati,  etc.,  ideo  liberantur  a  prisona,  etc.' — 
{Burrough,  Collectanea  Buriensia,  Add.  MS.,  Mus.  Brit.,  17391, 
ff.  61-65.) 

In   an  earlier   quarrel  during  the  same  reign,    among   other  20  Edw.  I. 
charges   brought  against  the  burgesses  by   the  Abbot,  we  find  A-D- 1292' 
the  following  : — 'Item  burgenses  distringunt  homines  ville  predicte 
ad  veniendum  ad  aulam  gilde  ad  sacramentum  prestandum  pro 
voluntate  sua,  etc.     Item  burgenses  in  lesionem  libertatis  Abbatis 
capiunt  n.  sol.  de  quolibet  homine  habente  catalla  ad  xx.  sol.; 
et  quadraginta  et  vi.  sol.  et  vin.^.  de  quolibet  habente  catalla 
ad  valenciam  x.  marc.     Item  Burgenses  in  preiudicium  Abbatis 
distringunt  mercatores  vendentes  in  mercato  Abbatis  et  capiunt 
de  mercatoribus   illis   graues    extorsiones   ad    dampnum    grave 

Abbatis Item  burgenses  de  mercatoribus  mercimonia  sus- 

pecta  extra  mercatum  ementibus  non  permittunt  iusticiam  fieri, 

ut  de  pellipariis  et  aliis Item  burgenses  tanquam  conspira- 

tores  non  permittunt  aliquem  in  eorum  gilda  existentem  placitare 
in  Curia  Abbatis  racione  alicuius  transgressionis  sibi  facte  per 
aliquem  de  gilda  predicta,  sed  huiusmodi  placita  clam  sibi 
appropriant  ad  dampnum  graue  Abbatis,'  etc. —  (Album  Regis- 
trum  Monast.  S.  Edm.,  ff.  64-65 ;  Burrough,  ff.  57-58.) 

In  the  first  year  of  the  reign  of  Edward  III  certain  burgesses  A.D.  1327. 
broke  into  the  abbey  and  obliged  the  Abbot  and  monks  to  con- 

D  2 


36  Cfte  <$ito  figjertibant, 

ST.  cede  to  them : — '  Unam  cartam  in  qua  continetur,  quod  dicti 
__ e  Abbas  et  Conventus  concesserunt  eis,  quod  ipsi  haberent  com- 
munitatem  et  commune  Sigillum,  gildam  mercatoriam,  et  Alder- 
mannum  perpetuum;  et  quandam  alteram  cartam,  quod  ipsi 
haberent  custodiam  portarum,  puppilorum  et  orphanorum  infra* 
villam  de  Sancto  Edmundo,  et  aliarum  libertatum;  duo  item 
scripta  continentia  quod  iidem  Abbas  et  Conventus  obligarentur 
et  tenerentur  eis  tanquam  communitati  in  duabus  Millibus 
librarum  per  unum  scriptum,'  etc.  In  the  concord  which  fol- 
lowed the  townsmen  promised  never  again  to  claim  a  '  commu- 
nitas ' : — c  Concesserunt  pro  se  et  heredibus  et  successoribus  suis, 
quod  ipsi  Communitatem  in  dicta  villa  de  Sancto  Edmundo  non 
habent,  nee  .habere  debent,  nee  clamant,  nee  clamare  poterunt  in 
futurum.' — (Burrough^  Collectanea,  ff.  68,  yi.)1 

CALNE. 

*  These  Armes  are  belonging  and  apertayning  to  the  guild  and 
Stewards  of  the  Towne  and  borough  of  Calne  and  Burgesses  of 
the  said  Towne  and  borough,  being  one  of  the  Cheefest  members 
of  the  honnor  of  WallingrTord  and  Ewolme,  now  ratified  by  act  of 
Parliment,  which  armes  I  Clarenciux,  King  of  Armes  of  the 
South  Eeste  and  west  partes  of  this  Relme  of  England,  have 
ratified  and  recorded  the  same  in  the  Regester  of  my  visitation 
now  made  within  the  Com'  of  Wilts,  and  att  this  present  time 
was  Robert  Bage  gent,  and  Henry  Woodroofe  guyld  Stewards  of 
the  said  Towne  and  Borough  and  William  Allein  ....  [15  names 
in  all],  Burgesses  of  the  said  Towne  and  Barony,  Phillip  Ryche, 
Vicar  and  Towne  Clark  of  the  said  Towne  and  Boroughe;  in 
witnes  wherof  I  have  hereto  Subscribed  my  name  the  fourth  of 
[.  .  .]  1565  and  in  the  seventh  yeare  of  the  Reigne  of  our  most 
Soveraigne  Lady  Elizebeth,  Queene  of  England,  France  and 
Ireland,  defender  of  the  faith.' — (MS.  Harley  1565,  fol.  32.) 

'  At  the  head   of  the  corporation   are   two   guild   Stewards.' 

1  Cf.  Yates,  129  ;  Monast.  Anglic.,  iii.  108. 


proofs  ann  3[llustrattons,  37 

cThey  act  as  receivers,  keep  accounts/  etc. — (Mimic.  Corp.  Com.  CANTERBURY. 
l835>  PP-  1231-1232.) 

CANTEKBUBY. 

'  Dis  beot5  fa  gehworfe  betwux  San  hirede  aet  Xrescircean  and 
fan  cnihtan  on  Cantwareberig  of  cepmannegilde.  Se  heap  on 
ceapmannegilde  let  lp am  hirede  to  hande  vm.  hagan  wiSinnen 
Burhgate  mid  sace  and  socne,  swa  hi  hit  selue  haefden ;  and  se 
hirede  let  heom  to  hande  f  aer  to  gaenes  nigan  hagen,  twegen  wi<$- 
utan  Readingaten ;  on  fam  anen  sit  Aelfric  and  on  fam  ocSram 
Bruman.  Da  seofan  sindan  wi<5innan  Niwingate ;  Saereon  wittaft 
Siword  Cutfert  and  Brihtric  and  Goldwine  and  Hereword  and 
Willelm  and  Wulfgeue  and  Aelfwine  mid  sace  and  socne,  swa  se 
hirede  hie  haefde.  Daerto  is  gewitnesse  Anselme  aerceb.  and  se 
hired  aet  Xrescircean  and  Calueal  portgerefa  and  t5a  yldista  men 
of  f  am  heape.  Dis  to  geswutelian  se  hired  haefcS  an  gewrit  and 
se  heape  an  otter. ' — (Somner,  Canterbury ',  i.  179.) 

The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  above  : — This  is  the 
exchange  between  the  convent  of  Christ-Church  and  the  '  cnihts ' 
of  Canterbury  of  the  Chapman's  Gild.  The  society  of  the  Chap- 
man's Gild  puts  into  the  hands  of  the  convent  eight  houses  within 
Burgate,  with  sac  and  soc,  as  they  themselves  enjoy  them.  And 
the  convent  puts  into  their  hands,  on  the  other  side,  nine  houses, 
two  without  Readingate.  In  one  of  them  dwelleth  Aelfric  ;  and 
in  the  other,  Bruman.  The  other  seven  are  within  Newingate. 
In  them  dwell  Siward  Cutfert  and  Brithric  and  Golwine  and 
Hereword  and  William  and  Wulfgeve  and  Alfwine,  with  sac  and 
soc  as  the  convent  enjoys  them.  Thereunto  is  witness  Anselm 
Archbishop  and  the  convent  (hired]  at  Christ  Church  and  Calveal 
Portreve  and  the  elders  of  the  society.  To  show  this  the  convent 
has  one  writing  and  the  society  another. 

A  charter  of  James  I  (1609)  to  Canterbury  enacts: — 'Quod 
nullus  extraneus  sive  forinsecus,  nisi  sit  civis  et  liber  homo  ejus- 
dem  civitatis,  exnunc  de  cetero  imperpetuum  vendat  aut  vendi- 
cioni  exponat  aliquas  mercandizas  infra  civitatem  predictam  aliter 
quam  in  grosso,  nisi  sit  temporibus  feriae  sive  mercatus  infra 


38  Cfje  <£ilD  sgjercfmnt 

CANTERBURY,  eandem  civitatem  tenendi,  nee  tenebit  aliquam  shopam,  neque 
utetur  aliquo  misterio,  occupacione  sive  arte  manual!  Anglice  any 
misterie,  trade  or  handicraft  infra  civitatem  predictam  aut  libertates 
ejusdem  absque  licencia  maioris  et  aldermannorum  aut  maioris 
partis  eorundem.' — {Charters  of  Canterbury,  Canterb.  1791, 

P-  J39-) 

CARLISLE. 

The  Gild  of  Carlisle  was  confirmed  by  Henry  II,  Henry  III, 
Edw.  I,  Edw.  II,  Edw.  Ill  and  Rich.  II  \  The  charters  of  35 
Henry  III  and  21  Edward  I  contain  the  clause:  '  Et  quod 
similiter  habent  gildam  mercatoriam  liberam,  ita  quod  nichil  inde 
respondeant  aliquibus.' — (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  p.  197.)  The 
charter  of  26  Edw.  Ill  grants  'unam  gildam  et  liberam  electionem 
maioris  et  ballivorum,'etc. — (Ibid.,  198;  Hutchinson,  Cumb.,\\.  645.) 

'  Major  et  Communitas  Karl'  summoniti  fuerunt  ad  responden- 
dum  domino  Regi  de  placito  quo  waranto  clament  capere  et 
habere  muragium  quibuscunque  rebus  et  mercimoniis  vendicioni 
expositis  in  villa  predicta.  Et  quo  waranto  clament  habere  mer- 
catum  et  feriam,  liberam  gildam,  emendas  assise  panis  et  cervisie 

fracte,  furcas,  infangenethef, Et  Major  et  Communitas 

veniunt  et  dicunt,  quod  tempore  quo  dominus  predictus  Henricus 
Rex  proavus  domini  Regis  nunc  tenuit  predictam  villam  in  manu 
sua  qui  illam  dimisit  burgensibus  ejusdem  ville  ad  firmam,  etc., 
dimisit  ipse  illis  predictam  villam  simul  cum  predictis  libertatibus, 
excepta  tamen  libera  gilda,  quam  postea  perquisiverunt  per  cartam 

domini  Regis [Because  of  certain  irregularities  in  the 

town  courts,  the  liberties  are  taken  into  the  hands  of  the  King.] 
Et  ideo  predicta  villa  cum  libertatibus  suis  capiantur  in  manum 
domini  Regis  ad  voluntatem  ipsius  domini  Regis.  Et  liberatur 
Willielmo  de  Boyvill'  custodienda,  etc.  quousque,  etc.  Et  jura- 
tores  certificent  de  valore  in  omnibus  exitibus,  etc.  Et  juratores 
testantur,  quod  tolnetum  intrinsecum  et  forinsecum  valent  per 
annum  triginta  et  quinque  libras.  Et  firma  mensurarum  valet  per 

1  Jefferson,  Carlisle,  449 ;  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  pp.  197-198 ;  Petyt  MS., 
ii.  54-58  ;  Hutchinson,  Cumberland,  ii.  644-645. 


Proofs  anD  illustrations.  39 

annum  octo  libras,  tresdecim  solidos  et  quatuor  denarios.  Et  CARLISLE. 
placita  et  escaeta  valent  per  annum  sex  libras,  tresdecim  solidos 
et  quatuor  denarios.  Et  gilda  mercatoria  valet  per  annum  quad- 
raginta  solidos.  Et  gavelyeld  valet  per  annum  triginta  solidos. 
Et  placee  arrentate  valent  per  annum  tresdecim  solidos  et  quatuor 
denarios.  Et  est  ibi  unum  molendinum  fullerettum  quod  est 
arrentatum  ad  Scaccarium  ab  antique  ad  duas  marcas,  etc.  Et 
custodia  liberatur  Willielmo  de  Boyvill  ad  hoc  jurato,  etc.  quam- 
diu  domino  Regi  placuerit,  etc.' — (20  Edw.  I.  Placita  de  quo 
War.,  121.) 

'Willielmus  de  Molecastre  Vicecomes  Cumbrie  petit  pro 
domino  Rege  remedium  apponi  per  dominos  Thesaurarium  et 
Barones  de  Scaccario  domini  Regis  de  omnibus  articulis  subscrip- 
tis,  videlicet : — De  Gilda  Mercatoria  Ciuitatis  Karl'  qua  Burgenses 
eiusdem  vsi  sunt  sine  Waranto  in  preiudicium  domini  Regis  a 
tempore  quo  predicta  Ciuitas  cum  suis  libertatibus  omnibus  capta 
fuit  in  manu  domini  Regis  per  Henricum  de  Cressingham  et 
socios  suos  in  vltimo  Itinere  Comitatus  Cumbrie.'  Several  other 
articles  follow,  but  there  is  no  further  mention  of  the  Gild. — 
(Record  Office,  Lord  Treas.  Rememb.  of  Exch.,  Memor.,  26-27 
Edward  I,  mem.  52.) 

In  a  response  of  the  citizens  of  Carlisle  to  a  plea  brought 
against  them  by  Haddock  (33  Car.  II),  the  former  asserted  : —  A.D.  1681. 
'  Quod  .  .  .  fuerunt  et  esse  consueverunt  triginta  et  duo  alii  probi 
et  sufficientes  cives  civitatis  predicte  e  Gilda  mercatoria  ibidem 
electi,  qui  quidem  triginta  et  duo  cives  simul  cum  aliis  undecim 
Conciliariis  alias  Aldermannis  civitatis  predicte  Majore  ejusdem 
civitatis  non  existente  a  toto  tempore  supradicto  fuerunt  et  esse 
consueverunt  commune  consilium  Majoris  et  civium  civitatis 
predicte.' — (71  Raymond,  Reports,  2nd  edition,  435  ;  Tremaine, 
Placita,  525.) 

In  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries  eight  craft  gilds  of 
Carlisle  often  collided  with  the  City  Corporation,  or  governing 
body  \  '  In  1784  the  position  of  affairs  was  this  : — There  had  for 

1  Cf.  Ferguson,  Cumberland  M.P.'s,  189-211  ;  Merew.  and  Stephens,  2132- 
2137- 


40 

CARLISLE,  upwards  of  two  hundred  years  been  disputes  between  the  Free- 
men who  were  members  of  the  eight  city  Guilds  and  the  Cor- 
poration, not  alone  as  to  the  right  to  make  ex  gratia  Freemen, 
but  on  other  points.' — (Ferguson^  Cumb.  M.P.'s,  196.)  The 
term  '  Gild  Merchant '  does  not  appear  to  have  been  employed 
in  these  disputes.  Had  it  been  used  at  all,  it  would  probably 
have  been  applied  to  the  eight  gilds  aggregately,  rather  than  to 
the  Corporation. 

CHESTEB. 

'Rannulphus  Comes  Cestrie  constabulario  suo  et  dapifero  et 
omnibus  baronibus  et  balliuis  suis  et  omnibus  hominibus  suis 
Francigenis  et  Anglicis  tarn  futuris  quam  presentibus  salutem. 
Notum  sit  uobis  omnibus  me  dedisse  et  concessisse  et  presenti 
carta  mea  confirmasse  omnibus  ciuibus  meis  de  Cestria  Gildam 
suam  mercalem  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudini- 
bus  quas  illi  vnquam  melius  et  liberius  et  quietius  habuerunt 
temporibus  antecessorum  meorum  in  predicta  Gilda.  Et  prohibeo 
super  forisfacturam  meam  x.  librarum  ne  aliquis  eos  inde  disturbet. 
Testibus  hiis,'  etc.— (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1881,  p.  356.)  This  charter 
was  probably  granted  between  the  years  1190  and  121 11. 

Charter  of  John  le  Scot,  Earl  of  Chester  and  Huntingdon 
(temp.  Henry  III) :  — { Sciatis  me  concessisse  et  hac  presenti 
carta  mea  confirmasse  omnibus  ciuibus  meis  Cestrie  quod  nullus 
mercator  aliquod  genus  mercimonii  quod  ad  ciuitatem  Cestrie 
per  mare  aut  per  terram  venerit,  emat  uel  uendat,  nisi  ipsi  ciues 
mei  Cestrie  et  eorum  heredes  uel  per  eorum  gratum,  nisi  in  nun- 
dinis  assisis,  scilicet,  in  Natiuitate  Sancti  Johannis  Baptiste  et  in 

festo  Sancti  Michaelis Item  concessi  et  hac  presenti  carta 

confirmaui  dictis  ciuibus  meis  Cestrie  Gildam  suam  mercalem 
habendam  et  tenendam  adeo  libere,  quiete  et  honorifice,  sicut 
earn  habuerunt  in  tempore  auunculi  mei  domini  Rannulphi 
Comitis  Cestrie  et  Lincolnie,'  etc. —  (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1881,  pp. 
356-357.) 

1  Harland,  Mamecestre,  188  ;  Ormerod,  Chester,  i.  201. 


Proofs  anti  3[Hu$tration&  4J 

Henry  III.  gave  the  citizens  of  Chester  a.  charter  allowing  CHESTER. 
them  to  buy  and  sell  at  the  Gild  of  Durham. — (Ormerod, 
i.  201.)  Henry  II  granted  the  following: — '  Henricus  dei 
gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Dux  Normannie  et  Aquitanie  et 
Comes  Andegavie  balliuis  suis  de  Dunelina  salutem.  Precipio 
quod  Burgenses  Cestrie  possint  emere  et  vendere  ad  detaillum 
apud  Dunelinam  habendo  et  faciendo  easdem  consuetudines 
quas  faciebant  tempore  Regis  Henrici  aui  mei,  et  easdem 
ibi  habeant  rectitudines  et  libertates  et  liberas  consuetudines 
quas  tempore  illo  habere  solebant.  Teste,  Willelmo  filio 
Aid'  dapifero.  Apud  Wintoniam.'— (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1881, 

P-  356.) 

'  We  find,  that  before  the  said  City  had  any  Charter  they  used 
by  Prescription  divers  Liberties,  and  enjoyed  a  Guild  Mercatory, 
that  is,  a  Brotherhood  of  Merchants,  and  that  whosoever  was  not 
admitted  of  that  Society,  he  could  not  use  any  Trade  or  Traffick 
within  the  City,  nor  be  a  Tradesman  therein.  And  the  Tenour 
of  this  Guild  Mercatory  did  ever  run  in  these  words,  Sicut  hac- 
tenus  usi  fuerint,  and  was  after  confirmed  under  the  Earls  Seal. 
And  there  was  appointed  two  Overseers,  and  those  were  ap- 
pointed out  of  the  chiefest  of  the  Citizens,  and  were  greatly 
respected  of  the  Citizens,  as  Officers  that  had  the  speciall 
care  of  maintaining  those  priviledges ;  and  did  receive  for  the 
City  all  the  summes  of  money  paid  by  strangers  for  custome  of 
Merchandize  brought  either  by  Sea  or  Land,  except  it  were  at  the 
Fairs,  which  then  were,  as  some  say,  three  in  the  year,  at 
Midsommer,  Michaelmasse,  and  Martlemas.  A  continuance  of 
the  same  Officers,  and,  as  many  suppose,  the  same  name  of  those 
Officers  remaineth  to  this  day  in  the  Leave-lookers,  who  then 
were  the  Head  and  chief  of  the  Citizens  before  a  Maior  was 
ordained,  and  still  is  reputed  the  head  or  chief  of  the  fourty,  or 
the  Common-Councell  of  the  City,  and  are  chosen  usually  of  the 
best  ability  of  the  same  fourty,  as  may  expend  and  make  provision 
in  such  matters  as  belong  to  the  honour  and  dignity  of  the 
City  and  to  look  to  the  profits  and  commodities  of  the  City 
in  such  Customs  and  Duties  as  fall  due  by  importations  of  mer- 


42  €&e  ®ilD  sgjercfmnt 

CHESTER,  chandize  into  the  same.' — (King's  Vale  Royal,  Chester,  1656,  [ii.] 

P-  I57-)  * 

'  And  though  the  Office  of  Gustos  guild.  Mercator.  be  not  found 

of  any  record  before  this  year  [1297],  yet  it  is  like  the  said  Office 
hath  been  ever  since  there  was  a  guild.  Mercator.  These  be  the 
very  same  that  supplyed  the  Office  that  our  Leave-lookers  do 
now,  which  was  to  give  Licence  and  compound  with  any  that 
came  either  to  buy  or  sell  within  these  Liberties  contrary  to  our 
grants,  as  may  appear  by  sundry  books  of  their  accompts,  and  did 
disburse  for  Wine  given  and  sent,  for  repairations  of  buildings 
and  other  things  pertaining  to  the  City,  for  as  yet  there  were  not 
any  Treasurers,  nor  of  long  time  after ;  *  besides,  if  any  did  dwell 
in  the  City  that  were  not  free,  if  they  did  ever  buy  or  sell  within 
the  Liberties,  they  did  likewise  compound  with  the  Gustos  and 
Mercator  [Gustos  Gilde  Mercatorie]  by  the  year.  And  whereas* 
now  the  Leave-lookers  do  gather  two  pence  half  penny  upon  the 
pound,  of  all  Wares  sold  by  Forraigners  within  the  City,  it  is 
likely  that  Custom  began  when  the  Murage  was  granted,  and  so 
levied;  for  before  that  time  they  agreed  as  they  thought  good.' 
-(Ibid.,  167-168.) 

In  MS.  Harley  2057,  fol.  16,  this  same  explanation  of  the  office 
of  leave-looker  occurs ;  but  the  words  included  within  the  asterisks 
read  thus  : — '  besides  if  any  dwelled  within  this  Cittie  that  were 
not  free  and  either  sould  or  boughte  to  sell  within  this  Cittie,  etc., 

( Andrew  Stanlowes  )  , 

Alex.  Hurrell  Maior  {  ,  >  Vicecomites. 

I  Rob.  Ithell  / 

they  did  likewise  compound  with  the  Gustos  gilde  mercatorie  by 
the  yeare,  otherwise  they  might  not  be  suffered  to  retaile  every 
thinge ;  and  whereas,'  etc. 

In  1823  the  duty  of  the  leave-lookers,  according  to  Hanshall, 
was  *  to  prevent  infringements  on  the  rights  of  the  Citizens  by 
strangers  exercising  any  trades  within  the  liberties,  to  examine  the 
markets  and  receive  all  customs,  etc.  due  to  the  Corporation.' 
— (Co.  of  Chester,  180.)  'The  Leave-lookers  are  also  appointed 
annually  by  the  Mayor  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  the  duty  of 

1  Cf.  Ormerod,  i.  200;  Hanshall,  Co.  of  Chester,  171,  190, 196. 


proofs  ana  Jllustrations*  43 

2s.  6d.  claimed  by  the  corporation  to  be  levied  yearly  upon  all  CHESTER. 
non-freemen  who  exercise  any  trade  within  the  liberties  of  the 
City  of  Chester.'     Since  1825,  'the  functions  of  the  leave-lookers 
have  become  extinct.' — (Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  2621.) 


*  Maior  et  Ciues  Ciuitatis  Cestrie   clamant   habere   libertates 

subscriptas,  videlicet Item  clamant  habere  gildam 

suam  mercalem  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudini- 
bus  quas  illi  unquam  liberius  et  quietius  habuerunt  temporibus 

antecessorum    domini    Comitis   in    predicta   gilda 1 

Et  quo  ad  hec  verba  gildam  marcalem  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  Gildam 
et  liberis  consuetudinibus  quas  illi  unquam  liberius  et  quietius 
habuerunt,  clamant  quod  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Dionisii  quolibet  anno  possunt  eligere  de  semetipsis  duos  Sene-  leaue- 

lokcrs 
scallos  eiusdem  gilde,  qui  sunt  de  fraternitate  eiusdem  gilde,  qui 

tune  coram  maiore  et  vicecomitibus  et  aliis  Ciuibus  Ciuitatis 
predicte  prestent  sacramentum,  quod  bene  et  fideliter  facient 
compotum  suum  de  omnibus  denariis  per  ipsos  perceptis  de 
aliquibus  personis  gildam  illam  intrantibus  et  omnibus  aliis  cus- 
tumis  dicte  gilde,  a  tempore  cuius  contrarii  in  memoria  hominum 
non  existit  perceptis  et  eidem  gilde  pertinentibus.  Et  quod 
quilibet  homo  qui  sit  de  gilda  ilia  sit  de  libertate  et  franchesiis  et  potest 
Ciuitatis  predicte,  et  potest  emere  infra  libertatem  eiusdem  Ciuita- 
tis omnimodas  marcandisas  ad  Ciuitatem  illam  per  mare  aut  per 
terram  venientes  absque  fine  inde  faciendo.  Et  quod  nullus  qui 
non  est  admissus  in  predictam  gildam  faciet  emptionem  aliquam 
infra  libertatem  Ciuitatis  predicte  sine  licencia  et  voluntate  dic- 
torum  Senescallorum.  Et  racione  predicte  gilde  et  ad  sustenta- 
tionem  eiusdem  gilde  capiunt,  et  predecessores  sui  de  tempore 
cuius  contrario  in  memoria  non  existit  ceperunt,  custumas  sub- 
scriptas :  Videlicet,  de  quolibet  dolio  vini  veniente  per  mare  iiii.  d. 
Et  de  dolio  ferri  iiii.  d.  Et  de  vno  lasto  allecium  ii.  s.  Et  de  vno 
lasto  de  hides  ii.  s.  Et  de  vno  lasto  anguillarum  ii.  s.  Et  de 

1  In  the  margin  of  the  MS.  an  index  ($s*)  and  a  loop  call  particular  attention 
to  this  liberty. 

2  This  word  was  written  in  the  margin  by  a  later  hand. 


44  €&e  (Site  figercfmnt 

CHESTER,  centena  de  milwellis  salsis  iii.  d.  Et  de  centena  linie  albe  ii.  d.  ob. 
Et  de  centena  linie  late  mensure.  Et  de  centena  linie  stricte 
mensure  i.  d.  ob.  Et  de  quacunque  alia  marcandisa  secundum 

quod  possit  concordari  dando  fauorem  extraneis [An 

exposition  of  the  words  '  soc,'  '  curia  appenticii,'  '  sac  '  and  '  port- 
mote  '  follow.]  Et  per  hoc  verbum  Toll  clamant  habere  et  percipere 
tolnetum  de  quibuscunque  marcandisis  emptis  siue  venditis  infra 
libertatem  Ciuitatis  Cestrie.  Videlicet,  de  qualibet  Naue  intrante 
libertatem  predictam  cum  quibuscunque  marcandisis  seu  victuali- 
bus  vocatum  Keyltoll  iiii.  d.  et  Clerico  i.  d.  Et  eciam  de  quo- 
libet  marcatore  habente  marcandisas  in  dicta  Naue  excedentes 
valorem  v.  s.  iiii.  d.  pro  tolneto  suo  pro  omnibus  marcandisis  suis 
iiii.  d.  et  Clerico  i.  d.  Et  de  quolibet  dolio  vini  iiii.  d.  Et  de 
qualibet  carectata  cuiuscunque  marcandise  intrante  siue  exeunte 

dictam  Ciuitatem  et  libertatem  eiusdem  iiii.  d? [The  toll 

for  horses,  oxen,  cows,  heifers,  sheep  and  cart-wheels  is  also  given. 

This  is  followed  by  an  explanation  of  the  terms  c  them,'  '  infang- 

"theif,'  ' utfangtheif,'  '  tholonium,'  'pannage,'  ' pontage,' '  danegild,' 

'  gaywite,'  'lene,'  '  stallage,'  '  lastage,'  '  passage  '  and  'murage.' l] 


Gild  '  Isti  subscripti  intraverunt  in  Gyldam  mercatoriam  quando  gilda 

mercatory,  vitjma  sedft  m  Celdis  Anno  Domini  1250  primo  tempore  Ricardi 

67  free  men  Clerici,  Maioris  Cestrie 3.     Here  begineth  those  rolles  or  records 

made2.        before  mencioned  by  me  in  this  booke,  at  what  time  there  was  67 

persons  admitted  vnto  the  franchises  or  liberties  of  this  Cittie,  as 

by  their  severall  names  in  the  said  record  appeareth,  for  that  the 

said  records  had  beginninge  after  this  Cittie  had  Maiors  in  the 

same  and  diverse  charters  graunted  vnto  them  before.' — (MS. 

Harley  2057,  fol.  14.) 

1  This  interesting  document  may  be  found  in  MS.  Harley  2057,  ff.  63-65 
(R.  Holme's  Cheshire  Collections).    The  handwriting  is  probably  of  the  early 
part  of  the  sixteenth  century.     Harland  has  printed  a  very  imperfect  translation, 
which  he  found  at  Clithero.     (Harland,  Mamecestre,  189-195 ;  Charters  of 
Clithero,  27-33.) 

2  This  marginal  note  was  added  by  a  later  hand. 

3  Cf.  King's  Vale  Royal,  163. 


proofs  ann  3[llustrations*  45 

'  Isti  intraverunt  Gildam  Mercatoriam  in  Civitate  Cestrie  plena  CHESTER. 
congregatione  die  veneris  proxima  ante  festum  Sancti  Michaelis 
in  monte  tumba  anno  Domini  1317  et  anno  Regni  Ed.  xi.,  tern- 
pore  Will,  de    Doncaster,   Maioris    Cestrie,   electi  per  mortem 
Johannis  Blunde  ad  vices  ipsius  Johannis.     Supplende  Hugonis  leuelokers l 
de  Valle  Regalis  et  Warenno  le  Blunde,  Custod.  Gilde.' — (Ibid., 
fol.  1 6  ;  King's  Vale  Royal,  170.) 

The  following  is  from  a  grant  made  by  Prince  Edward  (32 
Edw.  Ill)  to  St.  Mary's  Nunnery,  Chester : — '  Omnes  homines  et 
tenentes  dictarum  monialium  ad  voluntatem  vel  ad  terminum 
annorum  qui  non  sunt  infra  Gildam  mercatoriam  civitatis  nostrae 
Cestriae  vel  jurati  ad  libertatem  ejusdem  villae,  non  ponantur  super 
juratis,' etc. — (MS.J?ar/ey2ioi,fol.  188;  Monast.  Anglic.^  iv.  3i4-)2 

'  Et  etiam  quo  Warranto  clament  habere  Gildam  suam  marca- 
lem  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus  quas  illi 
unquam  liberius  et  quietius  habuerunt  temporibus  antecessorum 
in  predicta  gilda.'  Placita  de  quo  Warranto,  14  Henry  VII. 
— (MS.  Harley  2115,  fol.  73.) 

'  Ye  liberties  of  ye  Cittie  of  Chester  by  prescription  before  ye 
Cittizens  had  any  Charter  graunted. — Before  they  had  any  Charter 
to  be  shewed,  yt  is  apparant  that  ye  Cittie  of  Chester  by  prescrip- 
tion vsed  and  enioyed  dyuers  liberties  and  a  Guylde  marcatorie, 
viz.,  a  brotherhood,  of  which  Companie  whoesoe  were  not  could 
not  vse  trafficke,  or  trade  within  ye  Cittie,  which  appeareth  by 
Auncient  Rowles  of  Recorde,  wherein  is  contayned  viz.,  hoc 
anno  subscripto  intrauerunt  in  Guyldam  marcatoriam  Ciuitatis 
predicted — (MS.  Harley  2016,  fol.  31.)  The  same  manuscript,  the 
handwriting  of  which  appears  to  be  of  the  early  part  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  contains  several  entries  of  fines  paid  by  persons 
for  being  'made  free'  of  the  City  in  the  year  36  Henry  VIII, — 
'admissus  fuit  ad  libertatem  et  ffranchesias  Ciuitatis  predicte3,' 
which  was  doubtless  the  equivalent  of  the  ancient  expression 
'  intrauit  in  Gildam  mercatoriam.' — (Ibid.^  fol.  33.) 

1  Later  hand.  a  Cf.  Harley  MSS.,  2115,  fol.  52 ;  2060,  fol.  29. 

3  For  similar  entries,  temp.  Hen.  VII  and  Eliz.,  see  Harley  MSS.  2093,  ff. 
32~39>  252  5  2105,  fol.  262. 


46 

CHESTER.  t  By  ye  custome  of  ye  said  Citty  vsed  by  all  the  tyme  whereof 
ye  memory  of  man  was  not  to  ye  Contrary,  no  person  or  persons 
might  vse  any  trade,  misterie  or  occupation  within  ye  said  Citty 
or  ye  libertye  thereof,  vnlesse  such  person  were  a  free  man  of 
ye  said  Citty  and  admitted  and  made  free  of  the  Company  and 
Society  of  such  trade  as  he  would  vse.' — Common  Hall  Assembly, 
April  1623. — (MS.  Harley  2091,  ff.  91-92.)  There  are  many 
documents  among  the  Harleian  MSS.  exhibiting  the  status  of  the 
various  crafts,  which  succeeded  to  the  functions  of  the  ancient 
Gild  Merchant  of  Chester1. 

In  the  year  1766  the  City  authorities  still  attempted  to  enforce 
the  ancient  custom,  c  That  no  person  whatsoever,  not  being  free 
of  the  said  City,  might  or  ought  to  sell  or  put  to  sale  any  wares 
or  merchandizes  within  the  city  or  the  liberties  thereof  by  retail ; 
or  keep  any  open  or  inner  or  other  place  or  room  for  shew,  sale 
or  putting  to  sale  of  any  wares  or  merchandizes  by  retail ;  or  to 
use  or  exercise  any  art,  occupation,  mystery  or  handicraft  within 
the  same  city;  the  time  of  fairs  excepted.' — (J.  Burroiv,  Reports  of 
Cases,  Lond.  1790,  p.  1847.) 

CHESTEKFIELB. 

The  following  is  taken  from  the  charter  of  John  Wake  to  his 
A.D.  1294.  men  of  Chesterfield  (22  Edward  I) : — '  Nullus  alius  praeterquam 
burgenses  vlnabit,  secabit,  aut  emdet  [i.e.  vendet]  pannos  lineos 
vel  laneos,  nee  coreas  vel  pelles  virides,  crudas,  recentes  aut  sali- 
cas  emat  in  mercato  vel  infra  villam  de  Cestrefeud'  .  .  .  Et  bur- 
genses habebunt  Gildam  suam  mercatoriam  cum  omnibus  rebus 
dictam  gildam  tangentibus Et  nullus  erit  tinctor  vel  tana- 
tor  aut  cutistannati  secator,  nisi  fuerit  burgensis  aut  velit  satisfacere 

michi  et  heredibus  meis  et  burgensibus Nullus  homo 

habeat  lot  neque  scot  cum  burgensibus  de  mercandisis  emptis 
per  ipsos  vel  per  aliquos  suorum  infra  villam  de  Cestrefeud'  nisi 
burgenses,  sed  ipsi  burgenses  vel  sui  servientes  loco  suo  habeant 
lot  et  scot  cum  omnibus  aliis  more  suo  consueto  et  antiquo,'  etc. 

1  See  MSS.  Harley,  1996,  fol.  699  ;  2054,  &  89-90;  2104,  fol.  348  ;  Lanca- 
shire and  Cheshire  Records,  i.  123. 


proofs;  ano  ^illustrations.  47 

— ( Yeatman,  Chesterfield  Records •,  pp.  33-38 ;  Addit.  MS.,  Mus.  CHESTERFIELD. 
Brit.,  6667,  ff.  708-709.) 

Among  the  gild  returns  of  1388-1389  was  one  from  the  Gild  of 
the  Blessed  Mary,  whose  members  swore  to  maintain  the  liberties 
of  Chesterfield  and  to  go  forth  to  do  the  business  of  the  town ; 
and  another  from  the  Gild  of  the  Holy  Cross  of  the  Merchants  of 
Chesterfield. — (English  Gilds,  165-169.) 

CHICHESTEB  *. 

'  Stephanus  Rex  Anglie  Episcopo  Cicestr'  et  prepositis  Salutem. 
Precipio  quod  Burgenses  mei  de  Cicestr'  ita  bene  et  honorifice  et 
quiete  habeant  eorum  Consuetudines  et  Rectitudines  de  Burgo 
et  de  Gilda  eorum  mercatoria,  sicuti  eas  melius  et  honorabilius  et 
quiete  habuerunt  tempore  Willelmi  Regis  Avi  mei  et  Avunculorum 
meorum  postea  et  tempore  Rogeri  Comitis.  Et  defendo  super 
meam  forisfacturam  ne  aliquis  eis  injuriam  faciat.  Teste  Epi- 
scopo Wint'.  Apud  Rading.' — (If ay,  Chichester,  577.) 

'  Henricus  [II]  Rex  Anglie  et  Dux  Normannie  et  Aquitanie  et 
Comes  Andegavie  Justiciariis  et  Vicecomitibus  et  Ministris  suis 
totius  Anglie  Salutem.  Sciatis  me  concessisse  civibus  meis  de 
Cicestr'  qui  sunt  de  gilda  mercatoria  omnes  libertates  et  liberas 
consuetudines  suas  infra  Burgum  et  extra,  ut  eas  habeant  ita 
plene  et  libere  et  quiete  et  honorifice  sicut  plene  et  honorificentius 
habere  solebant  tempore  Regis  Henrici  avi  mei ;  et  nullus  in 
Civitate  Cicestr1  vendat  pannos  per  detaillum,  nisi  sit  de  gilda 
mercatoria,  sicut  idem  Rex  Henricus  per  Breve  suum  precepit. 
Quare  volo  et  firmiter  precipio  quod  ipsi  habeant  et  teneant 
gildam  suam  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  consuetudinibus  ad 
earn  pertinentibus,  sicut  melius  solebant  habere  tempore  Regis 
Henrici.  Ne  quis  eis  super  hoc  forisfacere  presumat.  Testibus, 
Reg'  Comite  Corn',  Henr'  de  Essex  Con',  Ranulfo  de  Broc.  Apud 
Brugiax.'— (Ibid.,  578.) 

The  Gild  Merchant  of  Chichester  is  also  mentioned  in  charters 

1  See  Turner,  The  Merchant  Guild  of  Chichester,  Sussex  Arch.  Coll.'s,  xv. 
165-177. 


48  Cf)e  (Sift  flgjercfmnt* 

CHICH ESTER,  of  30  Henry  VI  and  15  Jac.  I.  Besides  the  '  Citizens'  who  consti- 
tuted the  Common  Council,  there  used  to  be  c  Freemen'  of 
Chichester.  The  latter  had  no  voice  in  the  town  meetings, 
admission  into  this  class  being  considered  a  mere  compliment ; 
but  they  had  a  share  in  the  elective  franchise.  An  entry  made 
in  the  town  records  in  1821  states  'that  the  individual  is  admitted 
to  the  freedom  of  the  merchant  guild  within  the  city.  The  oath 
of  admission  is,  that  the  person  admitted  shall  be  a  true  and 
faithful  free  citizen  and  maintain  the  merchant  guild.' — (Munic. 
Corp.  Com.  1835,  pp.  715,  716,  719.) 

CONWAY. 

Quo  warranto  proceedings,  similar  to  those  against  Beaumaris 
described  above,  were  brought  against  Conway,  Bela,  Newburgh, 
Carnarvon,  Harlech,  and  Crukyn  (temp.  Edw.  III).  In  most 
of  these  cases  the  clause  explaining  the  Gild  is  as  follows  : — '  Et 
per  illam  clausulam,  quod  habeant  gildam  mercatoriam,  etc. 
clamant  quod  omnes  in  predicta  villa  manentes  et  libertatibus 
eiusdem  gaudere  volentes  erunt  Jurati  coram  eisdem  burgensibus 
ad  jura  et  libertates  eiusdem  ville  iuste  manutenendas,  etc.,  et 
dabunt  ad  communem  vtilitatem  ville  quandam  custumam  voca- 
tam  hans.  Et  postquam  hoc  fecerint  et  lot  et  scot  cum  eis  sol- 
uerint,  erunt  liberi  Burgenses,  etc.  et  libere  possunt  ibidem  emere 
et  vendere  et  omnibus  priuelegiis  et  libertatibus  eiusdem  ville 
gaudere  absque  contradiccione  alicuius.' — (Record  of  Caernarvon^ 

I6S-)1 

A.D.  1284.  The  Gild  Merchant  of  Conway  was  granted  or  confirmed  1 2 
Edward  I.— (Ibid.,  163.) 

COVENTBY. 

A.D.  1268.  Letters'  Patent,  52  Henry  III : — The  burgesses  of  Coventry  to 
have  all  their  liberties,  to  hold  in  free  burgage,  to  enjoy  all  the 
laws  and  customs  of  Lincoln.  The  Prior  and  Convent  of  Coventry 
to  have  coroners ;  the  men  of  the  same  Prior  and  Convent  to 

1  See  also  Record  of  Caernarvon,  176-181,  186-187,  194-195,  197-198. 


Proofs  anti  3|liu$tration&  49 

have  'Gilda  Mercatoria'  with  all  liberties  belonging  to  it.     Cer-  COVENTRY. 
tain  men  of  Coventry  had  prevented  them  from  having  '  Gilda 
Mercatoria,'  beating  the  Prior's  men,  etc.,  etc. — (Record  Office, 
Patent  Roll  52  Hen.  Ill,  mem.  25,  dorse.)1 

Inquisitio  ad  quod  damnum  (14  Edw.  III).  '  Coventre.  A.D.  1340. 
Homines  habuerunt  unam  gildam  mercatoriam  et  imam  fraterni- 
tatem  fratrum  et  sororum  ejusdem  gilde  et  unum  magistrum,  etc.' 
— (Cal.  Rot.  Chart.,  etc.,  308.)  'Pro  gilda  mercatoria  et  fraterni- 
tate  infra  villam  de  Coventre  habenda.' — (14  Edw.  III.  Cal.  Rot. 
Pat.,  139.) 

The  following  return  was  made  by  the  '  Gilda  Mercatoria  de 
Couentre  '  (Jan.,  1389)  : — 

'  Richard  Clerc  Meistre  de  la  Gilde  Marchand  deinz  la  ville  de 
Couentre  certifie  a  vostre  hautesse  qe  le  noble  Roy  Edward,  qe 
dieu  assoil,  Aiel  a  nostre  Henry  le  Roy  qore  est,  a  cause  qe  la 
ville  de  Couentre  et  les  marchauntz  en  la  dite  ville  enhabitantz 
auoient  si  graunt  trauaile  entour  lour  marchandises  pur  loynteigni- 
te  de  la  meere,  et  mayntefoitz  enpouerez  a  cause  suisdite,  de  sa 
grace  especiale  come  par  sa  chartre  apert,  graunta  par  mesme  sa 
chartre  as  les  hommes  de  la  dite  ville  de  Couentre  qils  et  lour 
Successours  aueroient  vne  Gilde  Marchand  et  vne  fraternitee  des 
ffreres  et  soeres  de  mesme  la  Gilde  en  la  ville  auandite,  et  vn 
Meistre  ou  Gardeyn  de  toutz  yceux  qi  en  la  dite  Gilde  seroient 
acceptez  eslire,  et  Chaunteries,  Almoignes  et  autres  pres  oueres 
pur  eux  et  lour  [bienfaisours]  ordeigner,  et  les  ordinances  par  la 
dite  Gilde  et  toutz  choses  qe  a  la  dite  Gilde  et  Communalte  de 
ycelle  touchantz  faire  maintenere  puissont ;  les  queux  hommes  de 
la  dite  ville  de  Couentre  par  vertue  de  graunt  susdit  ordeigneront 
vne  fraternite  et  freres  et  soeres  des  eux  mesmes,  et  vn  Meistre  ap- 
pelle  Jurdan'  de  Shepeye  eslirent.  Et  ordeigneront  les  ordinances 
desouz  escriptz,  a  durer  solonc  la  purport  de  la  chartre  suisdite,  le 
tenure  de  quele  sensuyte,  quele  chartre  feust  apres  renouellez 
par  mesme  laiel  par  cause  qe  lescripture  de  soun  seal  feust 
chaungez,  come  par  la  copie  dicelle  auxi  ensuante  piert  pluis  au 
pleyn. 

1  Cf.  Charter  Roll  51  Hen.  Ill,  mem.  8  ;  Merew.  and  Stephens,  469. 

E 


50 

COVENTRY.  '  Edwardus  [III]  del  gratia,  etc.  Omnibus  ad  quos  presentes 
littere  peruenerint  salutem.  Quia  accepimus  per  inquisicionem  per 
vicecomitem  nostrum  Warr'  de  mandate  nostro  captam  et  in  can- 
cellaria  nostra  retornatam,  quod  non  est  ad  dampnum  seu  preiudi- 
cium  nostrum  aut  alterius  cuiuscumque  seu  nocumentum  ville  de 
Couentre,  si  concedamus  hominibus  eiusdem  ville  de  Couentre 
quod  ipsi  et  eorum  Successores  vnam  Gildam  Mercatoriam  et 
vnam  fraternitatem  fratrum  et  sororum  eiusdem  Gilde  in  eadem 
villa  habere,  et  vnum  magistrum  siue  Custodem  de  omnibus  illis 
qui  ad  Gildam  illam  assumpti  fuerint  eligere,  et  cantarias,  elemo- 
sinas  et  alia .  pietatis  opera  pro  ipsis  et  omnibus  benefactoribus 
suis  statuere,  et  ordinaciones  pro  Gilda  predicta  et  omnibus  Gildam 
illam  et  Communitatem  eiusdem  tangentibus  manutenendis  facere 
possint ; — Nos  per  finem  quern  prefati  homines  de  Couentre  fece- 
runt  nobiscum  concessimus  et  licenciam  dedimus  pro  nobis  et 
heredibus  nostris,  quantum  in  nobis  est,  eisdem  hominibus,  quod 
ipsi  et  eorum  Successores  vnam  Gildam  Mercatoriam  in  villa  pre- 
dicta cum  omnibus  ad  huiusmodi  Gildam  pertinentibus  habeant 
imperpetuum,  et  quod  iidem  homines  vnam  fraternitatem  fratrum 
et  sororum  eiusdem  Gilde  facere,  et  vnum  magistrum  siue  Custo- 
dem fraternitatis  illius  eligere,  et  cantarias  et  elemosinas  ac  alia 
pietatis  opera  pro  ipsis  et  omnibus  benefactoribus  suis  statuere  et 
inuenire,  et  de  Gilda  predicta  ac  aliis  Gildam  predictam  contin- 
gentibus  manutenendis  ordinare,  et  ordinaciones  inde  factas  con- 
seruare  valeant,  perpetuis  temporibus  duraturis.  In  cuius  rei 
testimonium  has  litteras  nostras  fieri  fecimus  patentes.  Teste 
A.D.  1340.  me  ipso  apud  Westm'  vicesimo  die  Maii  anno  regni  nostri  Anglie 
quartodecimo,  regni  vero  nostri  ffrancie  primo.' 

The  second  charter  of  the  same  king  follows ;  then,  '  Les  or- 
dinances des  ffreres  et  soeres  de  la  dite  Gilde.'  Of  the  sixteen 
ordinances  given  only  one  relates  to  mercantile  affairs  : — '  Item 
si  ascun  homme  ou  femme  de  la  dite  fraternite  qui  a  lour  poiar 
ad  este  bien  voillantz  a  lestat  dycelle  par  ascune  mesaueynture  de 
seele  sanz  sa  defaute  propre  chiete  en  pouert,  la  dite  ffraternite 
luy  apprestera  vne  somme  dargent  pur  merchander  et  profiter  pur 
vn  an  ou  deux  a  lour  auys  sanz  rien  prendre  de  gayn.  Et  si  ascune 


ann  Illustrations  s1 

homme  ou  femme  de  la  dite  fraternite  soit  si  feble  par  maladie  COVENTRY. 
ou  veillesse  qil  ne  purra  trauailler  ne  marchaunder,  il  sera  troue 
a  les  costages  de  la  dite  Gilde  couenablement  solonc  ce  qe  son 
estat  demaunde.' — (Record  Office,  Misc.  Chancery,  Gilds,  49s.)1 

1  Also  yt  ys  ordeynyd  bye  a  generail  Counsel  of  all  the  Crafte 
and  Craftes,  and  also  that  the  Wryghts  Crafte  of  Coventre  schall 
paye  to  the  Pageant  IQS.  uppon  Whytsonday  or  else  by  Corpus 
Christi  daye,  uppon  the  payne  of  2os.,  hallfe  to  the  mayor  and 
hallfe  to  the  Crafte  and  bycause  they  haue  no  more  to  doo  wythe 
the  Pageant  but  pay eyng  there  ios.,  etc.2.  .  .  .  Also  yt  ys  ordeynyd 
be  a  consell  of  alle  the  fyllyschape  of  the  crafts  in  the  yer  of  yer 
lorde  1475,  tnat  tyme  beyng  mastur  John  Goodknabaff,  and  hys 

fylleys  John  Bontyng,  John  Swyfft,  that [A  dirge  and  mass 

to  be  celebrated  every  year  for  '  all  the  bredyryn  and  systyryn.'] 
And  what  mastyr  kype  not  thye  Dyrd  he  schall  pay  6s.  %d.  And 
how  [i.  e.  who]  that  of  the  ffalyschape  pay  not  to  the  dyrd,  he  schall 
pay  to  the  Mastyr  3^.  ^d.  And  therto  all  we  be  acord  boss 
namys  be  aforsyde.' — (  Wanlefs  Collectanea,  MS.  Harley  6466, 
ff.  5-6.) 

DEKBY. 

The  Gild  Merchant  of  Derby  was  confirmed  by  John,  Henry  III 
and  Edward  III 3. 

'  Burgenses  ville  de  Derby  summoniti  fuerunt  ad  respondendum  4  Edward  III. 
domino  Regi  de  placito  quo  waranto  clament  omnes  libertates  •A"I>'  133°* 
subscriptas :  .  .  .  .  et   habere   gildam   mercatoriam   cum  omni- 
bus libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus  que  ad  gildam  merca- 
toriam debent  sive  solebant  pertinere.     [Many  other  liberties  are 
enumerated.     The  burgesses  exhibit  charters  and  defend  their 

privileges.] EtWillelmus  deDenum,qui  sequiturproRege, 

dicit  quod  ex  quo  ipsi  habent  villam  predictam  ad  feodi  firmam, 
etc.,  et  tolneta  predicta  que  ipsi  clamant  infra  loca  predicta  eis 
concessa  fuerunt  infra  tempus  memorie,  et  ipsi  advocant  capere  de 

1  For  a  translation  of  these  ordinances  see  English  Gilds',  228-232. 

2  An  ordinance  immediately  preceding  this  is  dated  1432. 

3  Rot.  Chart.,  138  ;  Plac.  de  quo  War.,  158-160. 

E  2 


52  €&e  ®iID  agercfmnt 

intrinsecis  unum  tolnetum  et  de  extrinsecis  pro  eadem  re  duplum, 
etc.,  quod  est  contra  commune  jus,  etc.,  et  oppressio,  etc.,  petit 
judicium  pro  Rege,  etc.  Dicit  similiter  quod  gilda  mercatoria 
conceditur  burgensibus  ville  predicte,  ut  patet  per  cartam  predict! 
Henrici  Regis,  etc. ;  et  dicit  quod  singulares  persone,  burgenses 
ejusdem  burgi  connectuntur  ad  invicem,  et  dicunt  se  esse  socios 
de  gilda  predicta  et  alios  non,  et  colore  illius  gilde  mercatorie 
usi  sunt  opprimere  populum  venientem  ad  villam  predictam 
cum  rebus  venalibus,  quod  nullus  vendat  res  suas  in  villa  pre- 
dicta alicui  nisi  illi  qui  fuerit  de  societate  predicta,  et  hoc  ad 
voluntatem  ipsius  ementis,  etc.  Et  similiter  dicit  quod  eedem 
persone  non  permittunt  extraneos  mercatores,  cujuscunque  mer- 
candise  fuerit,  vendere  aliquas  mercandisas  in  villa  predicta  nisi 
tantum  in  grosso,  et  hoc  uni  eorum ;  et  lucrum  quod  inde  provenit 
non  vertitur  in  comodum  communitatis  ville  predicte  set  tantum 
in  comodum  eorum  qui  sunt  de  societate  predicta ;  qui  quidem 
usus  cedunt  in  injuriam,  oppressionem  et  depauperacionem  populi. 
Unde  petit  judicium,  etc.  Et  dicit  quod  racione  gilde  mercatorie 
predicte  nullus  forinsecus  mercator  emere  debet  in  grosso  vina, 
lanam,  pelles  lanatas,  corea  seu  plumbum  de  aliquo  forinseco  nisi 
tantum  de  illis  qui  sunt  de  gilda  predicta;  nee  eciam  extranei 
mercatores  vendere  debent  aliquas  mercandisas  nisi  tantum  in 
grosso,  et  hoc  uni  de  gilda  predicta,  etc.  Unde  petit  judicium, 

etc.' 

'  xn  Juratores  dicunt  .  .  .  [The  tolls,  etc.  at  the  markets  and 
fairs  of  Derby  are  given.]  Et  dicunt  quod  singulares  persone 
connectuntur  ad  invicem,  et  dicunt  se  esse  de  gilda  mercatoria  et 
alios  non  permittunt  esse  de  gilda  predicta,  nisi  satisfecerint  prius 
eis  ut  sint  de  eadem  gilda;  et  racione  illius  gilde  usi  sunt  quod 
si  aliquis  infra  villam  predictam  deportavit  corea  bovina,  vel 
lanam,  vel  pelles  lanutas  vendendas,  et  unus  de  gilda  predicta 
posuerit  pedem  suum  super  rem  ipsam  et  apposuerit  precium  pro 
quo  earn  voluerit  emere,  nullus  alius  quam  ille  qui  fuerit  de 
societate  predicta  audebit  illam  emere,  nee  ille  cujus  res  ilia  fuit 
audebit  rem  illam  vendere  alii  quam  uni  qui  fuerit  de  societate 
predicta,  nee  pro  majori  precio  quam  ille  qui  fuerit  de  societate 


proofs  ano  3(Hustration&  53 

predicte  pretendebat.  Et  dicunt  quod  lucrum  quod  inde  pro-  DERBY. 
venit  non  vertitur  in  comodum  communitatis  burgi  predict!  set 
tantum  in  comodum  illorum  qui  sunt  de  societate  predicta.  Et 
quia  burgenses  predicti  habent  villam  predictam  ad  feodi  firmam 
de  domino  Rege  et  ceperunt  superflua  tolneta  et  injusta,  etc.,  et 
ultra  id  quod  ipsi  cognoscunt  se  posse  juste  capere,  etc.  Et 
similiter  pro  aliis  injuriis  et  oppressionibus  quas  convictum  est  per 
juratam  predictam  ipsos  fecisse,  predicta  villa  et  omnes  libertates 

predicte  abuse,  etc.  capiantur  in  manum  domini  Regis,  etc 

.  .  .  Et  super  hoc  vicessimo  octavo  die  Januarii  proximo  sequente 
iidem  burgenses  fecerunt  finem  cum  domino  Rege  de  quadraginta 
marcis  pro  predictis  villa  et  libertatibus,  etc.  sibi  restituendis, 
etc.  Ideo  predicte  villa  et  libertates  eis  restituantur  utendi  liber- 
tatibus illis  licitis  modis.  Et  quod  non  capiant  superflua  tolneta, 
prout  superius  convictum  est  ipsos  percepisse,  sub  periculo  quod 
incumbit,  etc.  Et  quod  utantur  gilda  mercatoria  eo  modo  quod 
non  cadat  in  oppressionem  populi,  etc.,  et  ad  presens  sine  die 
salvo  jure  Regis,  etc.' — (Pladta  dequo  War.,  158-161.) 

DEVIZES  \ 

The  Gild  Merchant  was  granted  to  Devizes  by  Edward  I, 
Edward  III  and  Henry  IV. —  (Way/en,  Devizes,  158,  287; 
Lansdoivne  MS.  230,  fol.  5.) 

A  grant  of  3  Jac.  I  says  : — 'Ac  insuper,  pro  eo  quod  ex  con-  A.D.  1605, 
cessione  aliquorum  predecessorum  nostrorum  Regum  Anglie  ab 
antiquis  temporibus  infra  burgum  predictum  habebatur  et  in  dies 
habetur  guilda  mercatoria,  ac  eciam  cum  Burgus  predictus  tempo- 
ribus retroactis  Celebris  fuerat  incolatu  diuersorum  artificium,  qui 
in  confeccione  pannorum  laneorum  operam  suam  posuerunt,  vnde 
pauperiores  infra  burgum  predictum  inhabitantes  victum  sibi 
querebant  laudabilem  et  honestum,  qui  iam  ad  magnam  inopiam 
reducti  sint,  pro  eo  quod  quidam  extranei  non  inhabitantes  infra 
burgum  predictum  in  mercatis  infra  eundum  burgum  quolibet  die 

1  See  Edw.  Kite,  The  Guild  of  Merchants,  etc.  in  Devizes,  Wilts.  Arch,  and 
Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,  Mag.,  iv.  160-174  ;  Waylen,  Devizes,  287-290. 


54  €&e  <$ilD  agercfmntv 

DEVIZES.  Jovis  in  qualibet  Septimana  tentis  merces  et  mercimonia  sua 
inferunt,  alia  quam  frumentum,  grana,  victualia,  animalia,  lanam 
ac  telam  laneam,  anglice  other  then  corne,  grayne,  victual!,  catell, 
woll  and  wollen  yarne,  ac  ea  ibidem  vendunt  et  distrahunt  per 
retallium  et  non  in  grosso,  ad  magnum  habitancium  eiusdem 
burgi  nocumentum, — Sciatis  igitur  quod  nos  meliori  statui  eius- 
dem burgi  prospicere  volentes,  ex  ampliori  gracia  et  mero  motu 
nostris  volumus  ac  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris 
per  presentes  concedimus  Maiori  et  Burgensibus  burgi  de  Devizes 
predicti  et  successoribus  suis  [et]  per  presentes  prohibemus  quod 
nullus  huiusmodi  extraneus  inhabitans  seu  residens  extra  burgum 
ilium,  libertates  seu  precinctum  eiusdem  in  villis  vel  locis  aliis 
ruralibus,  vendat  aut  vendicioni  exponat  vel  proferat  aliquas  mer- 
candizas  siue  mercimonia  alia  quam  frumentum,  grana,  victualia, 
animalia,  lanam  ac  telam  laneam  ac  omnimodum  pannum  lineum 
vel  laneum  ex  eorum  propria  factura,  anglice  corne,  grayne,  victual!, 
catell,  Woll  and  Wollen  yarne  and  all  manner  of  clothe,  linen  or 
wollen,  of  there  oivne  makinge,  contra  formam  cuiusdam  statuti 
inde  editi  et  prouisi  infra  burgum  predictum  aut  libertates  et 
precinctum  eiusdem,  alicui  persone  siue  aliquibus  personis  in 
aliquo  alio  modo  quam  in  grosso,  exceptis  temporibus  nundi- 
niarum  et  feriarum,  anglice  vocatarum  fayers,  infra  burgum  pre- 
dictum aut  precinctum  eiusdem  tenendarum,  sub  penis  et  penali- 
tatibus  in  Statutis  regni  nostri  Anglie,  inde  editis  et  prouisis,  con- 
tentis  et  specificatis.' — (Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  3  Jac.  I,  pars 

* 

1 8,  mem.  I5-)1 

The  following  occurs  in  the  'Visitation  of  Wiltshire'  (1565)  :— 
'  These  be  the  Armes  apertayning  and  belonging  to  the  Feloship 
and  Corporation  of  the  Burgesses  and  Marchant  Adventerers, 
Clothiers  and  Weavers,  Drapers  and  Tailors  and  others  vsing  any 
Faccultie  or  Art  within  the  Towne  and  Borough  of  the  Devises, 
which  Armes  I  Clarenciux,  King  of  Armes  of  the  Sowth  est  and 
West  parts  [of  this]  Relme  of  Englond,  haue  Ratified  and  Con- 
firmed to  all  those  of  the  said  Corporation  before  mentioned  and 
to  ther  successors  foreuer ;  and  at  this  present  visitation  was 
1  Cf.  Merew.  and  Stephens,  1493. 


proofs  and  3(Hustration&  55 

Edward  Haynes,  Maior,  Cheefe  hed  and  governor,  Willm.  Rutty  DEVIZES, 
and   Richard   Denny,  Wardens  of  the  Clothiers  and  Weavers, 
Willm.  Preston  and  John  Smyth,  Wardens  of  the  Drapers  and 
Taylors,  John  Chappell   and  Thomas  Fitzall,   Wardens  of  the 
Mercers.     In  witnes  wherof,  etc.' — (MS.  Harley,  1565,  fol.  39.) 

On  the  preceding  page  of  the  same  MS.  are  the  arms  of  the 
borough. — 'These  armes  are  belonging  and  apertaining  to  the 
Maior,  Aldermen  and  Burgesses  of  the  Towne  and  Borough  of 

the  Devyses Edward  Haynes,   Maior.'      The  names  of 

the  Coroner,  Aldermen  and  other  town  officers  follow. 

There  is  a  '  Booke  of  Constitucions,  Decrees,  Statutes  and  Or- 
denaunces  for  the  Fraternity,  Companye  and  feloweshippe  of  the 
Drapers,'  enacted  by  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  Devizes 
in  the  year  1614.  It  begins  with  a  confirmation  by  the  Mayor, 
Town-Clerk  and  Burgesses  of  the  various  Constitutions  therein 
contained  for  the  government  of  the  Guild,  '  setting  forth  that 
whereas  the  Mayor  and  Burgesses  by  ancient  custom,  and  by  divers 
grants  and  confirmations  of  sundry  the  Kings  of  England,  have 
and  enjoy,  among  other  privileges,  a  Guild  of  Merchants,  and 
whereas  the  King  (James  I)  by  Letters  Patent,  bearing  date  at 
Westminster,  July  loth,  in  the  3rd  year  of  his  reign,  hath  not  only 
confirmed  to  them  their  former  privileges,  but  granted  them  power 
to  make  new  ones  from  time  to  time.  At  a  general  assembly 
held  in  the  Guildhall,  June  lyth,  1614,  it  is  ordained  that  the 
Guild  of  Merchants  shall  be  divided  into  three  several  frater- 
nities, companies,  or  fellowships,'— the  Drapers,  Mercers,  and 
Leathersellers.  The  Company  of  Drapers  shall  choose  annually 
a  Master  and  two  Wardens.  All  exercising  the  trades  of  clothiers, 
weavers,  woollen-drapers,  tailors,  hosiers,  fullers,  shearmen,  spin- 
sters, coopers,  carpenters,  masons,  tilers,  joiners,  cutlers,  smiths, 
and  ironmen  within  the  borough  shall  join  the  Fraternity  of  Drapers. 
The  only  '  constitution '  of  particular  interest  to  us  is  the  follow- 
ing :  *  No  foreigner  or  stranger,  not  being  a  Burgess  or  inhabi- 
tant of  the  Borough  and  free  of  the  Fraternity,  to  sell  within 
the  Borough,  except  on  fair  days,  any  commodities  appertaining 
to  either  of  the  trades  included  by  the  Fraternity  other  than 


DEVIZES,  corn,  grain,  victuals,  wool,  woolen  or  linen  yarn,  woolen  or 
linen  cloth  of  their  own  making,  upon  pain  of  forfeiture  for 
every  offense,  forty  shillings.'  The  Fraternity  of  the  Mercers, 
whose  ordinances  were  similar  to  those  of  the  Drapers,  included 
the  mercers,  grocers,  linen  drapers,  haberdashers,  vintners,  inn- 
holders,  bakers,  brewers,  apothecaries,  barbers,  surgeons,  chand- 
lers, painters,  brasiers,  and  glaziers. — (Kite,  Guild  of  Merchants 
in  Devizes \  162-171.) 

The  preamble  of  certain  ordinances,  made  by  the  Common 
A.D.  1614.  Council  of  Devizes  in  the  year  1 2  Jac.  I  and  confirmed  circa 
1628,  begins  thus  : — 'Whereas  the  Major  and  Burgesses  of  this 
Burrough  of  Devizes  by  antient  custome  time  out  of  mind  used 
and  had  within  the  same  Burrough  and  also  by  force  and  vertue 
of  Divers  Grants  and  confirmacions  of  Sundry  of  the  Noble 
Kings  and  Queens  of  England,  Progenitors  of  our  Sovereign 
Lord  King  Charles  King's  Majestic  that  now  is,  have  and  enioye, 
among  many  other  customes,  liberties,  franchises  and  immuni- 
tyes  within  the  foresaid  Burrough,  a  Guilde  of  Marchants,  and 
have  all  the  time  whereof  there  is  no  Memory  of  Man  to  the  Con- 
trary used  to  make,  ordeine  and  constituate  good  and  wholesome 
Lawes,  Ordinaunces  and  Statutes,  fit,  wholsome,  profitable  and 
necessary  for  the  well  Ordering,  good  Rule  and  Goverment  of 
the  said  Burrough  and  of  the  Burgesses,  Artificers,  inhabitants 
and  resiants  within  the  same.' — (Devizes  Register •,  Lansdowne  MS. 
230,  fol.  1 8.) 

DOECHESTEB. 

A.D.  1629.  Charles  I  in  the  fifth  year  of  his  reign  granted  the  burgesses 
a  charter,  declaring  them  a  free  borough  and  body  corporate 
and  politic  by  the  name  of  the  mayor,  bailiffs,  aldermen  and 
burgesses  of  the  borough  of  Dorchester;  the  two  bailiffs,  six 
aldermen  and  six  other  burgesses  to  form  the  common  council ; 
no  merchant,  artificer,  etc.  unless  he  be  a  free  burgess  or  in- 
habitant, to  exercise  any  art,  nor  to  have  any  shop  or  standing, 
to  vend  any  wares,  except  at  fairs  or  markets,  etc.  The 
inhabitants  of  the  borough  are  constituted  a  body  corporate  or 


Proofs  anu  3[ilustration&  57 

politic  by  the  name  of  the  governor,  assistants  and  freemen,  who  DORCHESTER. 

shall  be  capable  of  purchasing  and  receiving  lands  in  fee,  etc. ; 

to  have  a  common  seal;  to  constitute  a  governor  of  the  freemen; 

and  twenty-four  of  the  freemen  to  be  chosen,  called  the  common 

council  of  the  freemen,  to  be  assistants  to  the  governor  touching 

their  commerce ;  the  governor  and  four  assistants  to  be  chosen 

out  of  the  twenty-four  by  the  freemen,  and  five  other  assistants  by 

the  mayor  out  of  the  capital  burgesses  ;  to  hold  four  courts  yearly, 

to  admit  any  men  to  the  liberty  of  the  borough,  and  four  other 

courts  yearly  to  consult  concerning  the  markets  ;  the  governor  and 

assistants  to  make  laws  for  the  good  government  of  the  markets 

and   all  societies  of  arts,  mysteries  and  of  all  merchants  and 

artificers,  etc.,  to  fine  delinquents,  etc.  ;  the  governor  to  be  chosen 

yearly  by  the  freemen,  etc.,  etc. J — (Huf chins,  Dorset^  3rd  edition, 

ii.  349.) 

At  a  special  court  of  the  governor,  assistants  and  freemen  of  the 
borough  of  Dorchester,  held  Sept.  24th,  1630,  it  was  agreed  by 
the  court  that  the  tradesmen  and  handicraftsmen  of  the  borough 
should  be  divided  into  five  companies,  viz. — I.  Merchants,  com- 
prising the  merchants,  mercers,  grocers,  haberdashers  of  small 
wares,  linen  drapers,  apothecaries,  booksellers,  upholsterers, 
button-makers,  barber  surgeons.  II.  Clothiers,  comprising  the 
clothiers,  woolen  drapers,  haberdashers  of  hats,  weavers,  dyers, 
tailors,  hosiers,  feltmakers,  cloth  workers,  weavers,  borellers.  III. 
Ironmongers,  including  the  ironmongers,  goldsmiths,  pewterers, 
smiths,  cutlers,  plumbers,  gunners,  painters,  glaziers,  needle- 
makers,  pin-makers,  card-makers,  clock-makers,  brasiers,  tinkers. 
IV.  Fishmongers,  including  brewers,  makers,  bakers,  innholders, 
alehouse-keepers,  joiners,  carpenters,  vintners,  coopers,  butchers, 
cooks,  masons,  helliers,  thatchers,  '  seviers,'  mill-wrights,  wheelers, 
fishmongers,  fletchers.  V.  Shoemakers  and  Skinners,  comprising 
the  shoemakers,  tanners,  glovers,  chandlers,  skinners,  furriers,  point- 
makers,  parchment-makers,  sadlers,  curriers,  purse-makers,  collar- 
makers,  ropers.  At  the  same  meeting  it  was  agreed  that  the 

1  The  corporation  of  the  '  governor  and  assistants  of  the  freemen  '  was  in  exist- 
ence long  before  the  grant  of  this  charter  (Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  1275). 


58  Cfje 

DORCHESTER,  wardens  of  the  said  companies  (there  was  one  warden  for  each  of 
the  five  companies)  shall  attend  all  of  the  Governor's  courts  held 
during  the  year,  and  shall  inquire  concerning  all  oppressions  and 
abuses  in  trading  within  the  compass  of  their  ward,  either  by 
foreigners  or  by  freemen,  their  report  being  submitted  in  writing 
to  the  Governor. — (Hutchins,  ii.  338-339.) 

'  These  companies  have  become  extinct ;  but  the  corporation  of 
the  governor,  assistants  and  freemen  still  meet  every  year  on  the 
Monday  after  Michaelmas,  and  hold  a  court  at  which  a  governor 
and  assistants  are  chosen,  and  any  respectable  inhabitants  of  the 
borough  who  may  apply,  are  admitted  to  their  freedom.' — (Munic. 
Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  1275.) 

DBOGHEDA. 

\ 

In  the  year  1229  Henry  III  granted: — 'Quod  villa  nostra  de 

Drogheda  versus  Uriel  liber  burgus  sit  imperpetuum,  et  quod 
burgenses  ejusdem  burgi  habeant  geldam  mercatoriam  cum  hansa 
et  aliis  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus  ad  gildam  illam 
pertinentibus.  Et  quod  nullus  qui  non  sit  de  gelda  ilia  mercan- 
disam  aliquam  in  predicto  burgo  faciat,  nisi  de  voluntate  eorundem 

burgensium Concessimus  eciam  eis  quod  nullus   extra- 

neus  mercator  pannos  in  predicto  burgo  ad  decisionem  vendat, 
vel  vina  ad  brocham,  nisi  in  grosso.' — (Gilbert,  Documents  of  IreL, 

93-95-) * 

Another  charter  of  1253  contains  the  clause  : — '  Et  quod  nullus 
extraneus  mercator  moram  faciat  in  eodem  burgo  cum  mercan- 
disis  suis,  pro  mercimoniis  vendendis,  ultra  quadraginta  dies.' — 
(Ibid.,  133.) 

James  I  in  1609  granted  to  the  corporation  that  there  should 
be  a  gild  of  merchants  of  the  staple  in  the  town  and  county ;  the 
mayor,  sheriffs,  burgesses,  and  commons  of  the  town  yearly  to 
choose  the  mayor  and  constables  of  the  gild ;  no  merchants 
except  those  of  the  staple  to  buy  or  sell  any  merchandise  of  the 
staple  within  the  county,  nor  ship  them  unless  purchased  of  a 

1  Cf.  Chartae,  etc.,  Hiberniae,  p.  20. 


proofs  ann  3illu$trations,  59 

merchant  of  the  staple  in  the  town;  the  mayor,  constables,  and  DROGHEDA. 
merchants  of  the  staple  to  make  bye-laws ;  none  to  sell  or  buy  by 
retail  or  private  bargain  any  merchandise  within  the  franchises, 
except  merchants  of  the  town  and  county.  By  another  charter  of 
1618  the  mayor,  sheriffs,  burgesses,  and  commons  were  allowed 
to  divide  and  distinguish  themselves  into  different  gilds  and 
fraternities,  according  to  their  conditions,  arts,  and  mysteries, 
each  with  its  own  hall,  master,  wardens,  etc. ;  all  the  gilds  were 
to  be  governed  and  directed  by  the  mayor. — (Munic.  Corp.  Com. 
1835,  Ireland,  pp.  810-811.) 

In  1672  it  was  enacted  that  all  foreigners,  who  then  were,  or 
should  be,  resident  merchants,  traders,  artisans,  etc.  should,  on 
their  request  and  on  payment  of  twenty  shillings  each,  be  admitted 
a  freeman  of  all  or  any  separate  gild  during  his  residence  and 
should  have  and  enjoy  all  privileges  and  immunities  of  trading, 
buying,  working,  and  selling  in  as  large  and  ample  a  manner  as 
any  freeman. — (U  Alton,  Drogheda,  i.  195.)  This  law  applied  to 
'  any  city,  walled  town,  or  corporation '  of  Ireland.  —  (Rules ', 
Orders,  etc.  by  the  Lord  Lieut,  and  Council,  p.  7  et passim.) 

DUBLIN. 

Earl  John  in  1192  granted  the  citizens  of  Dublin,  among  other 
liberties  : — '  Quod  nullus  extraneus  mercator  emat  infra  ciuitatem 
de  homine  extraneo  blada,  vel  coria,  vel  lanam,  nisi  de  ciuibus. 
Et  quod  nullus  extraneus  habeat  tabernam  de  uino,  nisi  in  naui. 
.  .  .  .  Et  quod  nullus  extraneus  uendat  pannos  in  ciuitate  ad 
decisionem.  Et  quod  nullus  extraneus  mercator  moretur  in  villa 
cum  mercibus  suis,  pro  mercibus  suis  uendendis,  nisi  per  XL.  dies. 

Item  quod  habeant  omnes  racionabiles  gildas  suas,  sicut 

burgenses  de  Bristol!'  habent,  uel  melius  habere  consueuerunt.' — 
(Gilbert,  Documents  of  Ire!.,  5 3-54.) 1 

Among  the  records  of  Dublin  there  are  various  ancient  Rolls  of 

1  These  privileges  were  confirmed  by  King  John  in  the  beginning  of  his  reign, 
— Chartae,  etc.  Hiberniae,  p.  n.  In  the  year  20  Edward  I  Limerick  received  a 
charter,  modelled  after  that  of  Dublin,  in  which  these  same  clauses  occur, — 
Add.  MS.,  Mus.  Brit.,  19865,  fol.  80 ;  Chartae  Hiberniae,  p.  36. 


.  the  Gild  Merchant.  The  oldest  probably  date  from  the  close  of 
the  twelfth  century  and  consist  of  six  membranes,  each  contain- 
ing on  the  average  about  275  names.  Opposite  each  name  is 
placed  a  sum  of  money  varying  from  two  to  eleven  shillings.  Many 
are  described  as  ordinary  craftsmen, — 'tannator,'  'carnifex,' 
'  cirotecarius,'  '  lorimer,'  etc. ;  many  are  from  towns  in  England, — 
'de  Oxonia,'  'de  Wintonia,'  'de  Bristollo,'  etc.1  A  similar  Roll  of 
the  year  1226  begins  thus  : — '  Hii  subscripti  intrauerunt  in  gilde- 
mercaturam,  Roberto  Pollard  et  Petro  de  Ballimor  existentibus 
prepositis,  anno  regni  regis  Henrico  decimo.'  It  contains  about 
220  names,  each  person  paying  nine  or  ten  shillings  2.  Two  other 
membranes  of  the  years  1256  and  1257  have  a  similar  heading. 
One  contains  64  names,  the  other  140.  Among  them  are  the 
following : — Ricard  le  chapman ;  Adam  blundus  de  Ardras,  tan- 
nator;  Rogerus  de  Winton,  coruisarius;  Ricardus  de  London, 
cordewanarius ;  Robertus  de  Eborak,  parmentarius ;  Hugo  tan- 
nator,  de  Louethe ;  Nicolaus  de  London,  pelliparius ;  Unfridus 
de  la  Velde,  carnifex,  etc. 3.  There  are  also  various  lists  of  names 
(A.D.  1225-1250),  with  headings  similar  to  the  following  : — 'Hii 
subscripti  intrauerunt  in  libertate  ciuitatis,  Philippo  filio  Stephani, 
Elia  Burel  existentibus  prepositis4.' 

A.D.  1451.  Henry  VI  in  the  2gth  year  of  his  reign  allowed  certain  persons 
to  found  a  Merchants'  Gild  of  Dublin,  to  which  he  granted  various 
fol.  i.  liberties5: — '  Concessimus  eis  et  licentiam  dedimus  pro  nobis  et 
heredibus  nostris  ac  successoribus  nostris,  quantum  in  nobis  est, 
quod  ipsi  vel  illi  qui  de  ipsis  superuixerint  ad  laudem  et  honorem 
Sancte  Trinitatis  quandam  fraternitatem  siue  gildam  artis  merca- 


1  Gilbert,  Documents,  pp.  vii-ix,  and  3-48. 

2  Ibid.,  82-88. 


3  Ibid.,  136-140. 

*  Ibid.,  112-123. 

5  The  documents  that  follow  in  the  text  are  copied  from  Egerton  MS.,  Mus. 
Brit.,  1765,  a  paper  volume  in  folio  bearing  the  title,  '  City  of  Dublin. — Corpora- 
tion Records.'  Ff.  1-118  consist  of  extracts  made  by  William  Monck  Mason 
(nineteenth  century)  from  the  records  of  the  Merchant  Gild  of  Dublin,  viz.,  the 
Books  of  Bye-Laws,  the  Books  of  Orders  and  the  Journals  of  the  Gild,  extending 
from  1438  to  1824.  The  remainder  of  the  MS.  (ff.  119-204)  contains  materials 
relating  to  various  other  gilds  of  Dublin. 


anti  ^lustrations,  61 

torum  Ciuitatis  Dublin '  successiue  et  in  successionem  perpetuam  DUBLIN. 
de  seipsis  et  aliis  personis,  tarn  hominibus  quam  mulieribus,  in 
capella  Sancte  Trinitatis  in  ecclesia  Cathedrali  Sancte  Trinitatis 
Dublin'  nunc  factam  et  ordinatam  de  novo  incipere,  inchoare,  inire, 
facere,  fundare,  ordinare,  et  stabilire .  .  .  .  Et  quod  fratres  fraterni- 
tatis  aut  gilde  sic  incepte,  inchoate,  inite,  facte,  fundate,  ordinate, 
et  stabilite,  singulis  annis  duos  magistros  et  duos  gardianos  de 
seipsis  [eligere  possint],  qui  regimen,  gubernacionem,  et  super- 
uisionem  fraternitatis  siue  gilde  huiusmodi  ac  custodiam  omnium 
terrarum  et  tenementorum,  reddituum,  seruiciorum,  possessionum, 
bonorum  et  catallorum,  que  eidem  fraternitati  aut  gilde  pre- 
dicte  exnunc  adquiri,  dari,  concedi,  aut  assignari,  vel  ad 
eandem  fraternitatem  siue  gildam  pertinere  contigerint,  habeant 

[To  have  a  common  seal,  to  plead  and  to  be  im- 

pleaded  and  to  make  ordinances.]  Et  insuper  de  gratia  nostra  fol.  2. 
habundanti  concessimus  eisdem  Magistris  et  Gardianis  ac  fratri- 
bus  dicte  fraternitatis  siue  gilde  et  eorum  successoribus,  magistris, 
gardianis,  et  fratribus  eiusdem  fraternitatis  seu  gilde  imperpetuum 
quod  nullus  alienigena  emat  in  retallia  siue  in  grosso  infra  dictam 
ciuitatem  vel  suburbium  eiusdem,  seu  infra  franchesias  dicte 
ciuitatis  aliquas  mercandizas  nisi  de  mercatoribus  eiusdem  Ciui- 
tatis infra  dictam  Ciuitatem  et  in  suburbio  eiusdem  Ciuitatis 
commorantibus ;  et  si  aliquis  talis  alienigena  culpabilis  et 
conuictus  inde  in  futuro  inuentus  fuerit  coram  magistris  et 
gardianis  dicte  fraternitatis  siue  gilde  pro  tempore  existentibus, 
per  inquisitionem  vel  examinationem  debitam,  seu  aliquo  alio 
modo  legittimo,  quod  tune  bene  liceat  prefatis  magistris  et 
gardianis  huiusmodi  sic  culpabiles  et  conuictos  per  eorum 
warranta  seu  warrantum  sub  sigillo  commune  eiusdem  fraterni- 
tatis siue  gilde  prisone  nostre  ciuitatis  nostre  predicte  mancipare 
et  deliberare1.  Et  quod  custos  dicte  prisone  nostre  eiusdem 
ciuitatis  nostre  pro  tempore  existens  vel  eius  deputatus  ibidem 
huiusmodi  sic  culpabiles  et  conuictos  per  *warranta  seu 
warrantum  dictorum  magistrorum  et  gardianorum  dicte  fraterni- 
tatis siue  gilde  pro  tempore  existencium  custodie  prisone  predicte 
1  MS.  '  mancipand.  et  deliberand.' 


62  c&e  <$i 

/WB/./A/.  recipiat,  ac  eos  ibidem  saluo  custodiat,  donee  per  warranta  seu 
warrantum  dictorum  magistrorum  et  gardianorum  eiusdem  frater- 
nitatis  seu  gilde  extra  prisonam  nostram  predictam  deliberentur ; 
dantes  et  concedentes  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  ac  successoribus 
nostris  imperpetuum,  quantum  in  nobis  est,  predicto  custodi 
et  eius  deputato  ibidem  plenam  tenore  presentium  potestatem 
huiusmodi  sic  sibi  commissos  seu  committendos  auctoritate 
predicta  recipiendi  et  in  prisona  nostra  Ciuitatis  nostre  predicte 
custodiendi,  donee  huiusmodi  sic  culpabiles  et  conuicti  a 
prisona  nostra  predicta  per  warranta  seu  warrantum  dictorum 
magistrorum  et  gardianorum,  ut  predictum  est,  deliberentur 
absque  aliqua  impetitione,  perturbatione,  aut  grauamine  nostri 
vel  heredum  nostrorum  quorumcumque,  vel  officiariorum  seu 
ministrorum  nostrorum  aut  heredum  nostrorum  quorumcumque 

in  futuro ' [They  may  found  a  chantry  and  hold  lands,  etc. 

to  the  value  of  forty  pounds  per  annum]  *. 

fol.  3.  These  Letters  Patent  were  inspected  and  confirmed  by  Queen 
Elizabeth  in  the  year  1577,  who  in  addition  formally  incorporated 
the  Fraternity  and  granted : — 'Quod  ipsi  et  singuli  eorum  qui  de 

fol.  4.  tempore  in  tempus  electi  et  admissi  sunt  et  erunt  in  et  ad 
fraternitatem  seu  gildam  predictam  solummodo  habeant  et 
habebunt  potestatem  et  auctoritatem  emendi  et  vendendi  in 
grosso  siue  retallia  omnes  et  singulas  mercandizas  quascumque, 
omnimodis  victualiis  solummodo  exceptis,  que  in  futuro  con- 
tigerint  afferri  in  ciuitatem,  suburbium,  libertates  seu  franchezias 
eiusdem  ciuitatis  Dublinie  aut  in  limites,  bundas,  circuitum  vel 
precinctum  earum  aliquarum  vel  alicuius,  tarn  per  mare  quam 
per  terras.  Et  quod  nullus  alienigena,  extraneus  mercator,  aut 
aliqua  alia  persona,  siue  alique  alie  persone  quecumque,  que  in 
eandam  fraternitatem  siue  gildam  predictam  non  sunt  vel  fuerint 
electi,  admissi,  siue  electus  vel  admissus,  emat  aut  vendat,  seu 

1  That  the  GilA  existed  long  before  this  grant  is  evident  from  fol.  12:'  the 
whyche  [liberties  of  the  gild]  ys  all  alowyt  by  owr  king  that  nowe  ys,  henri  the 
fyfte.' — I  have  collated  the  Egerton  transcript  with  the  MS.  in  the  Record  Office 
(Patent  Roll,  19  Eliz.,  pars  12,  mem.  7-10)  and  corrected  some  errors  in  the 
former. 


proofs  anD  3(llustratzon$,  63 

emant  aut  vendant,  nee  ad  vendendum  ponent  seu  efferent  vel  ponet  DUBLIN. 
seu  offerret  aliquas  mercandizas,  exceptis  preexceptis,  in  grosso  siue 
retallia  infra  dictam  ciuitatem,  suburbium,  franchezias  vel  libertates 
eiusdem,  seu  infra  circuitum,  ambitum,  seu  precinctum  ecclesi- 
arum  cathedralium  Sancti  Patricii  de  Dublinia  vel  iuxta 
Dubliniam,  vel  infra  locum  vel  locos  vulgariter  vocatum  vel  vocatos 
the  Bishoppes  glebe,  vel  infra  circuitum,  ambitum  seu  precinc- 
tum ecclesie  cathedralis  Sancte  Trinitatis  infra  dictam  ciuitatem 
Dublinie  vulgariter  nuncupate  Cristes  Churche,  vel  infra  ambitum 
siue  precinctum  Sancti  Sepulchri  vel  Abbatie  Sancte  Marie 
Virginis  vel  Abbatie  vocate  Thomas  Courte,  aut  infra  aliquos 
alios  locos,  glebas,  terras  glebales,  fundos  seu  alios  locos 
quoscumque  scituatos,  iacentes,  vel  existentes  infra  ambitum, 
limites,  circuitum  vel  precinctum  eiusdem  ciuitatis  seu  libertatis 
vel  francheziarum  eiusdem,  nisi  de  mercatori  vel  mercatoribus 
vel  ad  mercatorem  seu  mercatores  eiusdem  fraternitatis  siue 
gilde,  sub  pena  forisfacture  omnium  et  singularum  mercandi- 
zarum  aliter  emptarum  seu  venditarum  vel  ad  vendicionem 
positarum  vel  vendi  pretensarum.  Et  similiter  volumus  et 
concedimus  ex  gratia  nostra  speciali,  certa  scientia  et  mero 
motu  nostris,  quod  omnes  et  singuli  alienigene,  extranei  mer- 
catores et  alie  persone  quecumque  que  in  eandem  frater- 
nitatem  siue  gildam  predictam  non  sunt  electi  aut  admissi,  ut 
predictum  est,  de  tempore  in  tempus  portabunt  omnes  suas 
mercandizas  quascumque,  exceptis  preexceptis,  infra  dictam 
ciuitatem,  suburbium,  franchezias,  vel  libertates  eiusdem,  siue 
per  mare  siue  per  terras  portatas,  ad  locum  infra  eandem 
ciuitatem  vocatum  le  common  hall  eiusdem  ciuitatis,  vel  ad 
quemcumque  alium  locum  conuenientem,  vel  locos,  infra  dictam 
ciuitatem,  suburbium,  franchezias,  sive  libertates  eiusdem,  quem 
vel  quos  magistri  et  gardiani  fraternitatis  siue  gilde  predicte, 
qui  pro  tempore  fuerint,  ad  hoc  assignabunt,  sub  pena  foris- 
facture omnium  et  singularum  mercandizarum  in  aliis  locis  fol.  4  b. 
positarum.  Et  in  predicto  loco  vocato  le  common  hall  siue  in 
loco  alio  quocumque  ad  mercandizas  reponendas  per  magistros 
et  gardianos  eiusdem  fraternitatis  siue  gilde  predicte,  ut  pre- 


64 

0U5/.//Y.  dicitur,  assignato,  iidem  alienigene,  extranei  mercatores  et 
omnes  alie  persone  predicte,  sicut  predicitur,  non  admisse  vel 
electe,  mercandizas  suas  solummodo  vendent  et  non  alibi,  sub 
eadem  pena  forisfaciendi  easdem  mercandizas.  Et  in  eodem 
loco  vel  locis  ubi  sic  reposite  sunt  mercandize  ille  de  tempore 
in  tempus  remanebunt,  custodientur  et  ad  vendendum  ex- 
ponentur  et  non  alibi  infra  ciuitatem,  suburbium,  vel  franchezias 
eiusdem,  vel  infra  aliquem  vel  aliquos  locos,  limites,  ambitus 
vel  precinctus  predictos,  nee  ab  eodem  loco  siue  locis  infra 
spacium  quadraginta  dierum  auferentur  sine  licencia  speciali 
magistrorum,  gardianorum  et  silccessorum  suorum  pro  tempore 
existencium  in  scriptis  ad  hoc  prius  habita  et  obtenta,  sub 
pena  forisfacture  omnium  et  singularum  mercandizarum  sine 
tali  licencia  asportarum  vel  ablatarum.  Insuper  damus  et  con- 
cedimus  ex  gratia  nostra  speciali,  certa  sciencia  et  mero  motu 
nostris  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  eisdem  magistris,  gardianis, 
fratribus  et  sororibus  fraternitatis  sive  gilde  predicte  et  succes- 
soribus  suis  quod  ipsi  magistri  et  gardiani  et  successores  sui 
possint  et  valebunt  de  tempore  in  tempus  infra  dictam  ciuitatem, 
suburbium,  franchezias  et  libertates  eiusdem  ac  infra  ambitum  et 
precinctum  ecclesiarum  et  nuper  Abbathiarum  predictarum  et 
infra  omnes  limites  et  bundas  Ciuitatis  predicte  et  franchesiarum 
eiusdem  necnon  alicuius  vel  aliquorum  loci  vel  locorum  pre- 
dictorum  superuidere,  examinare  et  scrutari  et  alios  officiarios  et 
ministros  suos  nominare  et  assignare  ad  superuidendum,  exami- 
nandum  et  scrutandum  infra  locos  et  limites  predictos,  si  aliqui 
alienigene,  extranei  mercatores  siue  aliqua  alia  persona  seu 
alique  alie  persone  ad  fraternitatem  predictam  non  admisse 
fecerint  seu  alios  facere  procurarunt  cum  mercandizis  aliquibus 
aliter  quam  in  clausulis,  concessionibus  et  prohibicionibus 
supradictis  specificatur,  limitatur  et  fieri  prescribitur.  Et  si  per 
talem  superuisionem,  examinacionem  vel  scrutacionem,  iidem 
magistri  et  gardiani  siue  officiarii  vel  ministri  sui  predicti 
videbunt  et  invenient  aliquas  mercandizas  emptas  seu  venditas, 
vel  in  aliis  locis  positas,  seu  aliquo  modo  usitatas  contra  vel 
aliter  quam  predictum  est,  quod  tune  bene  licebit  eisdem 


Proofs  ann  3[llustrations.  65 

magistris   et   gardianis  et    ministris   et    officiariis  suis  predictis  DUBLIN. 
easdem    mercandizas    capere,    seisire    et    secum    ducere    et    ad 
proprium  vsum  predictorum  magistrorum,  gardianorum,  fratrum 
et  sororum  fraternitatis  siue  gilde  predicte  retinere  et  convertere.'  fol.  5. 

[They  may  make  ordinances  and  establish  penalties, 

etc.  to  enforce  them ;  all  such  fines  and  amerciaments  to  go  to 
the  Gild.] 

'The  Reule  &  ordynance  of  the  Trenite  yeld  of  Dyvlyng 
ordeynit  &  made  by  a  holde  (sic)  Semble  of  f>e  Mastirs,  War-  fo1- I0- 
deynes  and  all  the  brethern  of  f»e  sayde  yelde,  Rath  Pembroke  & 
John  Kylberry  Maystirs,  Dawe  Blake  &  Edwarde  Waters 
Wardens,  on  Mayday  the  yerre  of  our  lorde  Kyng  Henry  f>e  Seixt 
xvi.,  anno  Dom.  1438. 

Item  Inprimis,  That  all  the  brethern  of  the  Brethered  of  the 
holy  Trenyte  yeld  of  Dublin  shall  noght  adherre  to  none 
Brethered  of  fe  sayd  Citte,  except  the  Bretherred  of  Saynt  Anne 
and  of  Saynt  George,  in  none  manner  wyche  shall  don  or  be  in 
hurt  of  lp e  sayde  Brethered  or  Cittei. 

All  so  yff  there  hap  eny  Waryaunce  or  dyscorde,  wyche  God 
defend,  betwoix  brethern  of  the  sayd  yeld,  that  than  non  of  them 
shall  sew  oj?ir  at  lawe.  But  fyrst  he  that  felyth  hymselff  grewid 
shall  cum  and  complayn  to  the  Mastris  of  f»e  sayd  yeld  for  the 
tym  beynge,  the  wyche  shall  call  the  Bretherrede  togeddere  & 
make  acorde  betweix  the  personnes  thus  beyng  at  debate;  and 
he  that  wyll  not  obey  ]?e  rewlle  of  the  Bretherhede  shall  be 
put  out  of  f>e  yeyld,  and  the  Bretherrehed  to  mayntene  )?e  othyr 
Brothyr  agaynste  hym  in  hys  Ryght ;  and  yff  anny  strange  man 
hawe  a  quarrell  agayne  eny  brother  of  the  yeld,  J?at  than  fe 
bretherhed  shall  maynten  the  Bretherhed  &  harre  Brothyr  in  his 
ryght ;  and  foo  [i.e.  who]  so  Breke  thes  Reule  to  fall  in  J?e  payne 
of  x.#. 

All  so  J>e  bretherren  of  the  sayde  yeld  shall  be  serwerd  *  of  all 
maner  of  marchandyse  comyng  &  sold  to  J?e  sayde  Cittei  befor 
anny 2. 

All  so  no  Brothyr  of  J?e  sayd  yeild  schall  by  ne  salt  ne  yrne 
1  Served.  3  I.  e.  before  any  other  persons. 

F 


66  €&e  (Sift  sgjercfmnt 

.  ne  collis  *  to  vse  or  awaylle  of  no  man  of  the  Contrey  ne  of  }?e 
Cittei  but  by  hyt  to  his  owne  awaylle  and  vse,  and  aftyre  he 
hawe  Cellerrit  hyt,  hyt  shall  be  lewfull  to  hym  to  syll  hit  out  of 
his  cellerre  by  wyght,  yrne,  salte  &  collis,  &  in  none  other  maner, 
apon  payne  of  x.  //". 

All  so  no  man  be  receuet  to  fe  sayde  bretherred  but  in  pleyne 

Semble  of  the  sayd  yeld  by  assent  of  all  }>e  Brethern.     And  yff 

eny  of  J?e  sayd  Brethern  hawe  challange  to  eny  wyche  prauythe 

fol.  10  b.  to  be  of  the  yeld,  that  he  shall  noughte  be  admyttyd  vnto  J?at  he 

make  sufficient  amendds  to  fe  sayde  Brothyr. 

All  so  Salt,  yren  &  Collis  and  suche  othyr  marchandyse  shall 
be  sold  by  all  brethern  of  fe  sayde  yeld  at  on  prise,  as  hit  shall 
be  noteffyd  to  J?e  Brethern  by  byll  from  Ipe  mastirs  of  J?e  sayd 
yeld,  apon  J?e  payne  off  xx.  //. 

All  so  what  so  ewer  brothere  answere  nought  to  dwe  Somnes,  he 
schall  lese  i.//.  wax  as  offt  tymes  as  he  makythe  default,  But  yff 
he  hawe  a  Reasonable  excuse. 

Memorrandum  that  by  A  holle  Semble  holden  be  ffor  Rychard 
ffytz  Eustace  &  John  Tankarde,  Maistris  off  the  sayd  yeild, 
Thomas  Barby  &  Thomas  Boys,  Wardens  off  the  sayde  yeld,  the 
A.D.  1452.  xini.  day  of  January  Anno  regni  regis  Henrici  Seixti  xxx°.  Ther 
was  chosen  at  J?at  Semble  John  ffytz  Robert,  John  Bennet,  Jamis 
Dowdalle,  Phyllype  Bedlewe,  Nych.  Clerke,  Thomas  Sawacghe, 
Wyll.  Grampe  &  Arnnenton  Vscherr  to  make  lawes,  Rewles, 
ordynaunces  &  statutes  nedffull  &  profytabille  for  fe  sayd 
bretherhed  of  the  trenite  yeld.  The  wyche  lawes,  Reylis,  & 
ordennaunces  and  statutes  bene  affyrmite  by  an  holle  Semble 
afterward  holden  )?e  mi.  tywsday  next  after  the  fest  of  Aster 
[i.e.  Easter]  fe  yere  aforsayd.  In  the  wyche  ordennaunces  ben 
thes. 

In  primis,  f>at  no  maner  man  shall  hawe  no  maner  off  mar- 
chandys  that  comyth  to  f>e  cettie  off  Dublin  pat  is  boght  by  mi. 
byers  of  fe  sayd  citei  but  he  J>at  hawe  ben  a  prentese  with  a 
marchaunt  off  the  sayd  Citei  at  marchaunt  craft,  &  J>at  he  be 
Brother  off  ]?e  sayd  yeld  After  forme  of  marchandis. 

1  Iron  nor  coals. 


proofs  ant)  3[ilustration&  67 

All  soo  that  ii.  mastirs  of  the  yelde  be  alway  n.  of  the  IIIL  DUBLIN. 
byers l  &  the  n.  wardens  be  all  waye  twoo  delyweres,  trewly  to 
delywir  and  dewydid  untoo  all  the  brethyrn,  as  it  shal  be  apoyntid 
by  the  sayde  mastirs  &  byers,  to  ewery  man  after  his  degree. 

All  soo  when  the  mastirs  &  wardins  wyll  apoyncte  assemble 
as  oft  as  hame  semythe  godly  for  the  away  lie  of  the  sayde  yelde, 
that  noo  man  be  somned  to  that  semble  ne  cum  therein  bot 
he  fat  is  a  marchaunt  &  brothir  of  the  sayde  yelde. 

All  soo  anny  maner  off  bargayne  that  is  boght  by  the  sayde 
mastirs  &  byers  fat  than  the  mastirs  &  wardens  shall  doo 
somon  all  f  e  brethirhed  that  be  marchaunts  to  the  yelde  hall  & 
witt  there  what  ewrye  man  will  holde  of  the  sayde  bargayne. 
And  [yff]  yt  be  noght  all  holden  at  that  tyme,  fat  than  the  sayde 
mastirs,  byers  &  wardens  shall  set  the  owerplus  of  the  sayde 
bargayne  apon  all  f  e  brethred  that  bene  marchaunts,  every  man 
after  his  degree.  And  yff  the  sayde  bargayne  be  lasse  than  his 
holdyne  by  the  sayde  brethirhede  fat  bene  marchaunts,  fat  than 
the  sayde  mastyrs,  byers  &  wardens  shall  mesure  &  devyde  truly e 
to  ewry  of  theme  after  harr  degree. 

All  soo  as  soone  as  anny  bargayne  ys  delywerid  that  than  the 
mastirs    &    wardyns    shall    appoyncte    a    semble    &    call    the 
brethirne  toogythire   and   set   a.  reyssonable   pryse  &  apon  all  fol.  u. 
marchaundyssys,  &  all  the  brethirne  shall  kepe  that  pryce  and  syll 
thereafter,  apon  the  payne  of  x.  //. 

All  soo  that  no  maner  man  Dwellyng  within  the  syttye  of 
Dublinge  vse  no  faculltye  of  marchaundyse  within  the  fraunchis 
of  this  cyttye  bot  he  that  hawe  bene  aprentyse  with  a  marchaunte 
at  marchanddyssis,  by  the  wych  he  is  made  freeman  of  the  sayde 
syttie,  laste  than  he  sholde  be  pleayt  by  the  assemble  of  the 
sayde  brethrede  &  make  a  fyne,  &  f  e  proffyte  thereof  goo  too 
the  sayde  yelde. 

Allso  that  no  marchaunte  being  brothir  of  the  sayde  yelde  by 
noo  maner  of  marchaundyssys  inwarde  ne  outwarde  to  delywir  to 

1  In  the  margin  of  the  MS.  are  these  words  : — '  This  establishment  of  byers 
seems  to  grow  out  of  the  provisions  of  Stat.  Kilkenny  in  40  Edw.  Ill ;  see 
section  6  of  it.' 

F    2 


68 

DUBLIN,  no  man  of  the  Cowntre  as  the  bargayne  is  boughte,  apon  payne 
of  xx.  s. 

Allsoo  that  noo  brothir  of  the  sayde  yelde  by  noo  marchaim- 
dyssys,  that  is  to  saye  salt,  wyne,  yerne  &  collys  that  commys  to 
be  solde  too  the  Syttye,  tyll  the  mi.  byers  hawe  forsaken  yt 
&  that  he  hawe  lewe  of  the  mi.  byers,  apon  peyne  of  xx.  //. 

All  soo  whate  man  prayethe  to  be  brothir  of  the  sayde  yelde 
in  forme  of  marchaundyses  jmt  he  be  noght  admytted  bot  by  fyne, 
as  )?e  mastirs,  wardynes  &  he  maye  accorde  to  paye  yerlye, 
besyde  that  vm.  d. 

Allsoo  that  no  brothir  of  the  sayde  yelde  ne  none  of  there  men 
be  attorne  for  no  maner  of  man  ne  wooman  to  flaundyrs  ne  to 
none  othir  plase,  no  to  bye  none  of  there  goodys  in  collor  and  let 
to  hawe  the  profyte  thereof,  bot  hyt  be  for  a  brothir  of  the  sayde 
yelde  or  a  freman  of  the  syttye  of  Dublin  that  wolde  sene  for  stoff 
of  his  howssolde,  apon  the  peyne  of  v.  //. 

All  soo  that  all  brethirn  may  be  sworne  to  kepe  all  cownsayll 
of  all  matters  that  bene  mewit  in  the  sembles  &  in  specyall  of 
bargaynes  that  bene  boght  &  solde,  apon  payne  of  x.  //. 

All  soo  that  the  mastirs  and  wardyns  of  the  sayde  yelde  hawe 
ewery  quarter  onnys  assemble  in  sertayne,  the  whyche  shalbe 
callyt  a  grette  quarter  semble,  and  that  hyt  be  holdine  allwaye 
the  Mondaye  before  the  grete  quarter  semble  of  the  sayde  cytty, 
excepte  the  Mondaye  semble  next  after  Michaelmas,  the  which 
shall  be  after  for  reyssonable  cawssis.  And  in  that  Semble  yt  be 
laffull  to  them  to  make  brethirn  and  all  othir  lawis,  reules  and 
stattutis  fat  is  nedefull  to  them  for  f>e  profitte  of  the  sayde  yelde. 

All  soo  that  yt  be  lawffull  to  the  mastirs  and  wardins  of  the 
sayde  yelde  to  hawe  sembles  as  ofte  as  the  semythe  godly,  and 
in  those  sembles  to  examyne  and  enquere  apon  all  mattirs  done 
within  themselfys  and  to  correcte  &  execute  theme  accordynge 
to  there  rulys  &  stattutis  made  to  the  proffyte  of  the  sayde  yelde 
&  brotherede. 

fol.  nb.  The   Mondaye    nexte    befor    the    mitb    frydaye    nexte    after 

mydsomer  anno  predicto  hyt  is  grauntide  in  the  same  semble 
that  the  Watter  balles  make  the  coll.  pc.  (?)  after  xn.  gallons,  and 


Proofs  anD  3|llitstration&  69 

that  there  be  a  portore  sworne  too  met  the  colls  and  take  for  his  DUBLIN. 
labore  of  the  byers  for  ewery  quarter. 

All  soo  hit  ys  ordyned  &  stablede  for  a  lawe  that  the  mastirs 
[&]  wardins  of  the  yelde  hawe  full  powere  to  destrayne  for  all 
maner  fynnys,  amercyments  &  quarteragys,  &  whoo  soo 
defforsythe  ennye  mastir  or  wardins  of  suche  fynnis,  mercyaments 
and  quarterages,  lese  vi8.  vmd.  withowt  anny  grace. 

Memorandum  that  hit  ys  accordyd  by  awthorytye  of  this 
assemble  and  from  henseforwarde  [that]  the  newe  mastyrs  shall 
resewe  the  olde  stok,  be  hit  mony  othir  cheffware  othir  hidis, 
to  labowr  hit  to  the  awaylle  of  the  yelde,  and  that  theye  delywir 
the  sayde  stoke  with  the  encrese  to  the  newe  mastirs,  and  soo 
from  yere  to  yere  to  accompte  therefor,  and  the  sayde  mastirs 
too  be ...  [a  blank]  to  the  awayell  of  the  trynnyte  with  the  best, 
as  farr  as  the  Stok  wyll  reche. 

All  soo  hyt  is  ordyned  that  what  soo  ewer  man  beforeynt 
desyre  too  hawe  annaye  porsyone  of  erene l  a  wyght  within,  othir 
salt  a  cranoke  or  within  for  his  howssolde,  that  he  paye  at 
the  beme  or  at  the  planke  redy  monye  and  none  marchandyse, 
bot  he  be  a  marchaunte.' 


The  records  of  the  transactions  of  the  Gild  from  the  reign  of 
Edward  IV  to  the  year  1824  are  very  copious.  The  matters 
alluded  to  in  the  above  ordinances  are  discussed  again  and  again. 
The  few  extracts  given  below  have  been  selected  with  a  view  to 
throw  further  light  upon  the  functions  of  the  Fraternity  and  its 
relations  to  the  municipal  authorities. 

[i  Henry  VII.] — 'Item  j?at  at  ewery  quarter  semble  hold  next  fol.  n  b. 
after  myghelmas  whane  the  new  mastris  &  wardens  ben  made,  A.D.  1485. 
fat  the  hold  wardens  shall  brynge  the  namis  of  all  the  brethern 
J?at  haw  not  payt  harre  quarttarragchis,  &  delywir  to  J»e  newe 
Mastris  and  Wardens,  and  thay  to  delywir  no  parcell  of  erne  ne 
salt  to  J»em  that  not  payd  tyll  therr  quartarraghis  be  payt  soo  fol.  12. 
beynge  behynde.' 

*  Allsoo  hit  is  ordeyned  that  no  marchaunte  of  the  Cyttye  by 

1  I.e.  iron. 


70  €&e 

DUBLIN,  noo  maner  yorn,  salt,  colls,  wyne,  pytche,  ne  rossyne  that  bene 
poynted  hythire  to  j?e  cyttie,  wythe  owte  consente,  assent  or  lewe 
of  the  mi.  byers ;  and  yff  he  doo,  too  paye  to  the  yelde  c.  s.  &  too 
be  put  out  of  the  yelde,  &  the  bargayne  to  be  dystrubote  among  the 
brethred.  And  yff  hyt  maye  be  fownde  that  enny  man  grawnte 
of ir  profyre  anny  penny  to  annye  forrene  marchaunte  more 
than  the  mi.  byers  proferythe  withowt  lewe  of  the  sayde  mi. 
byers,  he  to  fall  in  J?e  forsayde  payne.' 

A.D.  1480.  20  Edward  IV. — The  four  Porters  swear  *  trulye  to  mesure 
salte,  collis  &  othir  marchaundys '  and  c  in  making  of  hidis 
owtwarde  as  in  weing  of  yorne  inwarde,'  etc. 

fol.  12 b.  'The  forme  of  the  othe  of  the  mastirs  of  the  sayde  Yelde.— 

Yee  shall  bee  trewe  Mastirs  vnto  the  yelde  of  the  holy  trinte  of 
the  Cyty  of  Deweling,  and  ye  shall  see  that  all  the  due  rewerence 
and  worship  be  don  to  the  Trynnyte  and  that  his  daye  be 
worshipped  and  kept  by  yowr  dyscrecion  to  the  worship  of  the 
holi  Trinitie.  Allsoo  ye  shall  see  that  all  dutis  that  lengithe  to 
the  yelde  of  the  Trynnytie  be  trewly  rerit  and  reservit  by  yowr 
powers,  where  that  the  wardins  may  not  rere  them.  Allsoo  ye 
shall  be  goode  and  trewe  mastirs  vnto  all  the  brethern  that  bene 
marchaunts  of  the  sayde  yelde  and  them  ye  shall  mayntayne  by 
yowr  powere  in  all  ryghte.  Allsoo  yow  shall  duly  &  trewly 
mantayne  all  rulys  and  ordinauncis,  statuttis  &  lawis  thereof  and 
due  execucion,  and  ye  shall  doo  according  to  the  sayde  rulis 
agayns  ewerye  man  according  to  his  offense,  and  duly  &  trewly 
ye  shall  see  that  all  the  merciaments  bee  rerit.  Allsoo  all  due 
sembles  ye  shall  holden  as  of  [tin]  tymis  as  nedithe  to  the  goode 
rulle  and  gowernaunt  of  the  sayde  yelde  and  brethred,  and  in 
speciallye  nn.  quartere  sembles,  the  bene  called  the  mi. 
Mondays  next  afor  the  nn.  greate  quarter  sembles  of  the  sayde 
syttye,  excepte  the  mondaye  next  after  myghallmas,  the  whych 
shalbe  after  myghallmas  for  certayne  kawsis.  Allso  whate  bar- 
gayne ye  makith  for  the  cyttye  ye  shall  trewlye  make  rewlacion 
to  the  brethrine  of  the  sayde  yelde,  &  trewly  mynstir  after  the 
rewlis  of  the  same  bretherred.  Allsoo  suche  manner  othe  as 
ye  resewe  yee  shall  gywe  to  yowr  Wardyns ;  too  this  poyncts 


proofs  anu  3[llu$trationsu  71 

and  all  othirs  that  lengythe  to  the  sayde  yelde  and  bretherred  ye  DUBLIN, 
shall  holde,  soo  god  yow  help  and  holydome.' 

'The  Wardins  othe. — Ye  shall  be  trewe  Wardins  vnto  the 
yelde  of  the  holy  Trynnytie  of  the  Citti  of  Dubling ;  all  due 
rewerence  and  worshipe  ye  shall  doo  to  the  holly  triniti ;  allsoo 
all  due  execucyon  that  lengith  to  yowr  office  yow  shall  doo  by 
yowr  powere;  all  due  sembles  with  the  mastirs  as  hit  lengythe 
to  yow  ye  shall  holde ;  but  all  othir  rulis,  ordinancis  &  statutis 
&  lawis  yee  shall  mayntene  by  yowr  powre.  Allsoo  ye  shall 
well  and  trewlye  rerr  to  ewery  man  all  the  quartaragis,  fynnes 
and  merciaments  thereof  by  yowr  powere.  Allsoo  ye  shall  well 
and  trewlye  delywer  the  marchaundyssis  that  bene  bought  by  the 
mi.  byers  to  ewery  man  according  to  ther  poynctement ;  to 
these  poyncts  and  all  otheris  that  lengithe  to  yowr  offyce  ye  shall 
hold,  soo  god  yow  helpe  &  holidome,  &C.1 ' 

1  Allsoo  hit  is  ordined  by  semble  f>at  no  man  that  is  resident  fol.  13. 
of  the  citty  of  Dewling  shall  supporte  nether  mayntene  no 
Lumbarde,  byrtton,  ne  Spaynnarde,  nethir  ne  auliant2  to  be  alegere 
(sic)  to  engrose  the  markete  of  no  maner  ware,  ne  bye  ne  sill 
wyt  no  alliant2 ;  but  when  £>e  comithe  a  ship  with  anny  ware,  that 
then  lawfulle  the  mastir  and  byers  chosin  for  to  by  there  goodys 
after  harr  discrecion,  and  to  be  delywerid  among  the  brethirne 
by  the  wardyns  with  the  owersight  of  the  master ;  and  when  the 
ship  is  delywerid,  the  alient  to  resewe  his  payment,  and  so  to 
depart  with  the  same  shyp  othir  with  som  ofir  shyp  by  soche 
days  as  the  mastir  will  award  j  and  who  contravenes]  this  lawe 
to  lose  XL.  //.  and  to  be  put  owt  of  the  brethred  forewir. 

Memorandum,  it  is  concludid  by  the  holle  fraternyte  of  the 
Trinitei  Yelde  here  assembled  the  moundaye  nexte  after  Relyke 
Sowndaye,   the   xvm^  yere  of  the  Reynge  of  owr  sowerayne 
Lorde  Kinge  Henrie  the  VI I Ith,  that  no  man  free  ne  forron  A.D.  1526. 
shall  lade  or  ship  anny   maner  woll,  hidis  othir  stapill  warre, 
sawing  onely  marchaunts  of  the  stapile,  and  theye  soo  lading  to  fol.  13  b. 
make  ther  entre  thereof  befor  the  mair3  of  the  stapull  for  the 

1  The  entry  immediately  following  these  oaths  is  dated  18  Edward  IV. 
«  I.e.  alien.  s  MS.  'man'.' 


72  C&e  ®ilD  agercfmnt, 

DUBLIN,  tyme  being,  vpon  peyne  of  x.  //.  tocyens  quociens ;  &  that  no 
marchaunts  of  the  stapill  sell  anny  stapill  ware  to  anny  man 
sawing  to  a  staplere  within  the  land,  apon  the  same  payne, 
prowidid  that  noo  Staplere  by  this  lawe  be  restrained  to  sell 
hidis  to  straungers  for  mony  or  ware,  as  hathe  bene  vssed  in  timis 
past. 

Memorandum,  yt  was  agrede  and  made  for  a  ground  lawe 
by  the  holle  assemble  of  the  trinitie  yelde  the  Monday  nexte 
after  the  feste  of  tiburti  and  valerian,  the  viith  yere  of  the 

A  D.  1516.  reing  [of]  owr  Soweraine  Lorde  King  henrie  the  VIIIth, 
then  being  mere  John  Rocheforde,  &  Ballyffis  William  New- 
man &  Robarte  Cowlye,  mastirs  of  the  yelde  Master  Willame 
Talbote  &  Mastir  Walter  Piparte,  biers  Nycholas  Queytrote  and 
Nicholas  Handkoke,  and  Wardins  Patrik  fytz  Simons  &  Rycharde 
Rath,  that  no  Lord,  gentyleman,  Abbaye,  freman  ne  forrine, 
excepte  onely  brethirne  of  the  yelde,  shall  not  be  serwid  of  salt, 
yerne,  collis,  wine  ne  othir  warris  at  the  keye  ne  at  the  kran  by 
watter  mesure  or  kran  weyght  in  noo  wyse;  and  that  no  mastir, 
byere,  ne  wardine  yewe  lysins  to  the  contrarie  hereof,  vpon  payne 
of  xx.  s.,  as  often  as  any  of  them  offend,  withowt  grace ;  and  that 
none  of  the  bretherne  yew  anny  parte  of  his  complement  to  anny 
othir  not  beinge  a  brothir,  ne  take  up  in  his  holding  to  gywe  any 
othir  [by]  colore  or  otherwise,  vpon  payne  of  xm.  s.  mi.  d.,  as  often 
as  he  offendithe,  withowte  grace,  &  half  of  the  sayde  pennalty  to 
the  finder  of  the  sayde  pennaltis  &  the  ofir  halfe  to  the  Balliffis, 
and  no  mercye  to  be  yewin.' 

' Memorandum,  yt  ys  agreede  by  assemble  the  HI.  moundaye  after 
Chrystemas  in  the  xxivth  yere  of  owr  soweraynge  Lorde  King 

A.D.  1533.  Henry  the  VIIIth,  then  being  mayor  Nycholas  Geydone,  Baylyffis 
Symon  Lottrell  and  Brandame  fostere,  Mastirs  of  the  Trynyte 
yelde  Thomas  barbey  and  John  Sarswell,  byers  Robarte  Shilling- 
forde  &  Walter  fytz  Symon,  Wardings  Jamis  horpye  and  Richard 

fol.  14.  Sarswell, — That  noo  brothir  of  the  sayde  trynyte  yelde,  ne  othir 
inhabytante  of  the  Cyttye  of  Dublin  shall  bye  anny  winnys  within 
the  stremmis  and  lybertys  grauntid  to  the  sayde  cyttye,  But  onely 
mastir  mayor  and  the  mastirs  and  byers  of  the  sayde  yelde  for  the 


proofs  ana  3[llustration&  73 

tyme  being,  and  when  annye  winnis  shall  com,  after  a  comenaunce1  DUBLIN. 
had  and  a  pryce  drywin  betwyxe  the  mastirs  and  biers  aforsayde 
and  the  marchaunts  of  the  winnis,  and  thereuppon  the  wardins 
of  the  sayde  yelde  send  to  the  brethirne  of  the  same  to  knowe 
whate  every  brothir  will  holde,  then  after  relacion  made  by  the 
wardins  to  the  mastirs  and  byers  aforsayde  whate  the  brethirn 
will  holde,  yf  the  Mastirs  and  biers  persewe  there  bye  that  that 
wyne  maye  not  be  holdin  &  therevpon  refuse  and  gywe  ower  the 
bargayne,  Yet  all  this  notwythestanding,  no  brother  ne  inhabytante 
aforsayde  shall  interprise  ne  presume  to  bye  the  winnis  soo  refused, 
ne  anny  parsell  thereof,  wytheowte  especyall  lycense  of  the  master 
and  byers  aforsayde;  and  in  kase  anny  of  the  sayde  brethirne 
hawe  luicens,  as  aforsayd,  to  by  the  wines  soo  refused  and  ther- 
uppon  bye  them,  then  all  suche  brethirne  shall  hawe  that  porsyon 
of  winnis  that  then  was  contentid  to  holde  at  the  wardings  desyre 
vppon  the  sending  of  mastir  mayor  and  the  mastyrs  and  byers,  as 
aforsayde,  to  the  same  pryse  as  they  shall  be  bought ;  and  allsoo 
that  anny  mastir  of  the  Cyttye,  yf  he  will,  maye  hawe  a  hoggyssed 
or  a  bott  of  wine  for  his  owne  drinkine  to  the  sayde  price,  and 
whatsooewer  brothir  or  brethir  attempte  to  infring  or  breke  this 
sayde  lawe  in  anny  poynte,  as  oftin  timis  as  he  or  theye  soo  doo, 
that  same  brothir  or  brethirne  shall  forfeyte  x.  //.,  the  oone  holfe 
to  the  mayore  and  ballyffis  for  the  time  being,  the  othir  halfe  to 
the  trynnyte  yelde.' 

Temp.  Henry  VIII. — No  freeman  except  he  be  a  brother  off 01.146. 
the  Gild  to  retail  c  Salte,  yrne,  nor  collis,'  upon  pain  of  forfeiting 
the  same. 

[6  Edw.  VL] — 'Where  of  long  this  bretrede  yelde  hawe  bene  fbl.  16. 
soore  oppressed  and  hindrid  by  mennis  and  occasyons  of  manny  A.D.  1553. 
&    dywers   by  admyttid  vnto  the   same,   as  tayllors,   bowchers, 
shomakers  and  men  of  occupacion  whych  by  there  sayde  occu- 
pacion  myght  get  and  win  there  lywing  ownestlye  according  [to] 
there  voccacion,  as  allsoo  dywers  othirs  that  neuer  wan  the  sayde 
brothred  by  byrthe,  marryache  or  prenteship,  according  the  olde 
auncient  lawes,  vsagis  and  costoms  to  the  contrarrye  prowydid 

1  I.  e.  agreement. 


74 

ot/fi/.//v.  and  ordyned,  whych  admytting  of  such  forens  and  strawngers  to 
the  sayde  brethired  onelye  dothe  growe,  for  that  sheffly  the 
Masters  &  Eldirs  of  the  sayde  howse  .  .  .  [privately  favour  the 
said  foreigners,]  whereof  haw  growyne  suche  a  sorte  of  late 
amongst  theme  that  the  lywing  and  trade  of  merchaundise  allmost 
is  lost'  ....  In  the  future  no  one  is  to  be  admitted  under  a  fine  of 
forty  pounds,  '  vnless  he  wine  the  same  by  byrthe,  maryage  or 
prenteshipe.' 

fol.  i6£.  25  Henry  VIII. — Agreed  in  assembly  that  no  stapler  of  Dublin 

A.D.  1544.  should  sell  hides  to  any  persons  save  those  who  bring  the  value 
of  the  said  hides  in  '  yorne,  wine,  salte,  grayne '  or  in  any  other 
merchandise  brought  from  France,  Flanders,  Spain,  Britain  or 
elsewhere.  Merchants  bringing  the  wares  above-written  can  buy  the 
value  of  one  quarter  of  said  wares  in  hides  above  the  quantity  of  the 
said  wares  sold  by  them  to  any  stapler.  Penalty  for  breaking  this 
statute  £40,  one  half  to  the  mayor  of  the  staple  and  the  masters 
of  the  Gild,  the  other  half  to  the  City  and  to  the  finder  of  the 
offender. 

fol.  17.  'Memorandum,  Where  as  dywerse  and  many  as  well  straungers 

as  forrens  as  aleans,  being  the  kings  subjects  and  othirwise,  doo 
dalye  resorte  vnto  this  J>e  kyngs  mayestyes  Cyttye  of  Dublin  and 
there  demurr  and  hawe  there  abood  and  dwelling,  whych  dothe 
from  tyme  to  tyme  dayly  by  and  syll  by  retaylle  and  parcells 
at  there  will  &  plesure  all  kynde  of  marchaundyssis  in  lyke  maner 
and  sorte  as  those  that  hathe  and  be  made  fremen  of  the  sayde 
Cyttye  dothe,  contrary  to  the  lybertis  &  auncient  vsagis  of  the 
sayde  syttie,  vnto  the  grete  lossis,  domages  &  impow[er]ysshing 
of  the  mastirs,  wardings  and  brethirne  of  the  trynyte  yelde 
within  the  sayde  syttye,  being  established  by  auctoritie  of 
parliament  &  auctorryssed  by  the  same  to  make  and  estab- 
lyshe  all  suche  ordynaunces  as  they  shall  thinke  mete  frome 
time  to  tyme  for  the  rulle  &  gowernaunce  of  the  sayde  yelde 
and  fraternyte  of  the  same  and  of  all  othir  the  inhabytaunts 
and  fremen  of  the  sayde  sytty,  and  lyke  to  ensuing  to  there 
vtter  dekaye,  vnlesse  the  same  be  the  sowner  be  redressyt ;  for 
remedy  e  whereof  the  mi*11  fry  day  e  next  after  the  feast  of  sayncte 


Proofs  ana  3[llu$tration&  75 


myghell  the  Archangyll,  being  the  xx^  day  of  octobir  in  king  DUBLIN, 
Edwarde  the  VIth  by  the  grace  of  God  king  of  England,  frawnce 
and  Erland,  defender  of  the  faythe,  at  assemble  then  holdine  in 
the  tollsell  of  the  sayde  syttye  of  Dublin,  It  is  ordyned,  enacted 
and  establyssed  by  the  Mastirs,  Wardyngs  and  bretherne  of  the 
sayde  yelde,  being  awctorrysed,  as  aforsayde,  that  from  thense- 
forthe  no  manner  of  person  ne  persons,  whate  soo  ewer  he  or 
they  bee,  be  he  or  they  subjects  vnto  the  Kyngs  mayestye  or  othir- 
wyse,  being  no  freman  made  within  the  sayde  sytty  by  the  lawis 
and  lybertys  of  the  same,  shall  by  or  syll  by  retaylle  or  parcells 
anny  manner  of  kinde  of  merchaundyssis  or  warris  to  or  with  anny 
straungers,  forren  or  alien,  be  he  or  they  the  kings  mayeste  is 
subjects  or  othir  wyse  within  the  sayde  syttye,  lyberties  or  fraunches 
of  the  same,  only  to  or  wythe  the  fremen  of  the  sayde  Cytty  soo 
made,  as  ys  aforsayde,  vpon  payne  of  forfayture  of  ewrye  thing  soo 
to  be  solde  or  bought  contrarye  to  the  tennor,  porporte  and  trew 
mennyng  of  this  present  ordinance  ;  the  one  halfe  therof  to  the 
seysere  and  takere,  and  the  othir  halfe  to  the  thesuerer  of  the 
sayde  sytty  for  the  time  being  to  thuse  and  behoffe  of  the  mayor, 
ballyffs  and  syttysins  of  the  same  ;  and  that  the  syller  and  retayller, 
as  oftine  as  he  or  theye  shall  offend  contrarye  to  the  tennor  and 
trewe  mennyng  of  this  present  ordynuance,  shall  forfaite  x.  //.,  to  fol.  17 
be  satysfyed  &  delywerid  vnto  the  thesuerer  of  the  behowffe  of 
the  sayde  syttye  for  the  tyme  being,  vnto  the  vse  and  behowffe  of 
the  Mayor,  ballyffs  and  syttysins  of  the  same  ;  and  that  the  mayor, 
ballywis  for  the  tyme  being  shall  cawse  ewery  suche  syller  and 
retailer  to  be  imprysoned  in  the  comen  gyll  of  the  sayde  syttye, 
there  to  remayne  tyll  suche  time  as  he  the  sayde  syller  &  retayller 
doo  satysfye  and  paye  vnto  the  sayde  tresurer  for  the  time  being 
the  sayd  x.  //.  ;  prowydid  alwaye  that  this  ordynance  shall  not 
take  effecte  tyll  suche  time  as  it  be  oppenly  red  in  the  markete 
place  in  a  market  daye  in  the  sayd  cyttie.' 

August  7,  1556.  —  If  any  bargain  be  offered  to  the  Masters 
and  Byers  by  any  stranger  coming  to  the  City,  no  brother  shall 
make  or  move  a  bargain  with  the  said  stranger  until  the  Masters 
and  Byers  have  clearly  refused  the  bargain,  nor  yet  after  such 


DUBLIN,  refusal  without  the  licence  of  the  latter.  Any  one  breaking  this 
ordinance  to  pay  £40  for  each  offence,  one  half  to  the  Treasurer 
of  the  city,  the  other  half  to  the  informer. 

fol.  19  <5.  [A.D.  1573.]  'Yt  ys  agreide  that  the  mastirs  shalbe  yearelie 
chossen  of  the  nomber  of  theym  that  have  beyne  maiors,  and  that 
the  wardens  shalbe  yearely  chossen  of  the  moste  grawe  and  dis- 
creete  bretherne  vnder  the  callinge  of  aldermen  to  assiste  the 
Mastirs,  as  apperteynethe  to  that  office,  and  the  wardens  that  be 
at  this  presente  shalbe  clerkes  to  theis  yelde  so  long  as  they 
shall  well  demeane  theymselves,  &  shall  have  the  same  per- 
quisits  that  they  nowe  have,  and  that  the  sayde  wardens  for 
the  tyme  beyng  shall  have  for  their  paynes  double  holdinges 
of  all  the  bargaines  to  be  made  for  this  yelde,  and  shalbe  maker 
of  hides  to  straungers,  and  byers  for  the  bretherne  of  the  same 
yelde.' 

Before  any  person  be  admitted  to  the  Brotherhood,  he  shall 
serve  seven  years  as  an  apprentice,  then  three  years  as  a  journey- 
man, then  occupy  two  years  for  himself  before  he  be  made  a 
stapler. 

fol.  20.  The  Masters  and  Wardens  '  to  sit  in  the  bretherne  house  in  the 
Tolsell '  every  Thursday  to  hear  and  determine  the  complaints  of 
brethren. 

fol.  20  b.  Brethren  receiving  goods  bought  by  the  Gild  are  to  pay  for  the 
same  within  ten  days. 

fol.  22  b.  No  brother  from  henceforth  to  buy  or  receive  by  holdings 
any  iron,  salt,  wine,  coals  or  other  merchandise  for  the  use  of 
any  other  man,  except  he  be  a  brother  of  the  Gild ;  but  first  he  is 
to  bring  it  to  his  house  or  cellar  and  thence  deliver  it  by  cellar- 
weight  or  measure. 

fol.  2$b.  No  one  of  any  other  corporation  of  this  City  shall  be  admitted 
a  brother  of  this  Gild  until  he  be  sworn  to  give  over  the  liberties 
of  such  other  corporation.  Merchants  of  the  Gild  must  be  resi- 
dent ;  otherwise  they  are  to  receive  no  holdings. 

Oct.  22,  1577. — The  brethren  of  the  Gild  are  not  to  retail 
wines  at  more  than  certain  specified  prices. 

fol.  24.        Oct.  21,  1583. — No  brother  shall  have  more  than  one  shop 


Proofs  anu  3[ilustration&  77 

or  more  than  one  wine-cellar  to  retail  wine  and  other  merchant  DUBLIN. 
wares. 

July  1 8,  1586. — It  is  agreed  by  assembly  that  every  stranger  fol.  26. 
bringing  merchandise  to  this  City  to  be  sold  shall  bring  the 
same  to  the  Common  Hall  or  Common  Cellar;  and,  further, 
the  merchant  stranger  shall  be  taken  by  the  Wardens  or  Clerks 
before  the  Masters  and  Wardens  of  the  Gild,  to  depose  whether 
he  brought  any  more  goods  than  the  quantity  placed  in  the 
Common  Cellar.  The  Clerks  to  keep  a  book  having  an  ac- 
count of  every  man's  goods ;  nor  shall  they  permit  any  goods  to 
be  sold  to  any  persons  but  brethren  of  the  Gild,  nor  even  to 
them  without  licence  from  one  of  the  Masters  and  Wardens.  The 
Clerks  are  to  take  notice  of  what  every  brother  buys,  to  the 
end  that  none  of  those  goods  be  sold  to  any  but  a  brother  of 
this  house,  nor  be  retailed  in  those  places  but  by  way  of  distribu- 
tion among  the  brethren.  Four  or  six  brethren  are  to  watch  the 
landing  of  wares  coming  to  this  river,  to  the  end  that  they  may  be 
brought  to  the  places  appointed. 

May  27,  1603. — It  being  found  that  the  law  passed  in  1597,  fol.  27  £. 
repealing  the  law  forbidding  any  brother  from  trading  directly 
with  strangers,  was  to  the  detriment  of  the  Gild,  by  which  inno- 
vation certain  brethren  were  enabled  to  buy  up  commodities 
which  they  refused  afterwards  to  dispose  of  but  at  excessive 
prices,  it  was  agreed  in  an  assembly  of  the  Gild  that  the  ancient 
law  for  buying  and  distributing  commodities  coming  to  this  City 
shall  be  established.  Henceforth  the  Masters,  Wardens  and  Buyers 
shall  buy  and  bargain  for  all  merchandise  coming  to  the  City  to  the 
use  of  the  whole  Brotherhood,  to  be  distributed  among  them  ac- 
cording to  place  or  calling.  No  brother  shall  from  henceforth  buy 
or  bargain  with  any  foreigner  or  other  person  not  of  the  Gild  for  any 
merchandise  brought  to  this  City  to  be  sold,  without  special  license  fol.  28. 
from  the  Masters  and  Wardens,  upon  pain  of  £100.  Neither  shall 
the  Masters  and  Wardens  make  any  bargain  for  their  own  account, 
but  only  for  the  benefit  of  the  whole  Brotherhood,  neither  shall 
they  refuse  any  bargain  without  the  consent  of  a  competent 
number  of  the  Brotherhood. 


78  c&e  ®iID  agercfmnt 

DUBLIN.  November  6,  1648. — 'Wheras  diuers  and  many  Intruders  as  well 
fol  40  £  freemen  °f  seuerall  Corporacions  of  Smithes,  Gold  Smithes, 
Tayllors,  Chaundlors,  weauers  and  Copers,  as  also  diuers  other 
strangers  and  forinors  doe  dayly  intrude  vpon  this  Guild  and 
doe  sett  vp  wyn-tauerns,  Cellors,  Shopps,  Stalls,  and  doe  buy 
and  retayle  wynes  and  sell  all  sortes  of  marchandize  contrary 
to  the  Charters,  Libertys  and  auncient  vsages  of  this  Guild.  It 
is  therefore  ordred  and  agreed  yat  ye  Clarke  of  this  house 
shall  take  a  view  of  all  ye  seuerall  Intruders,  and  from  tyme 
to  tyme  to  make  a  perfect  list  of  theire  names,  and  to  returne 
ye  same  to  ye  Masters  and  Wardens  for  ye  tyme  beinge,  who  are 
to  prosecute  ye  said  Intruders  according  to  ye  laws  of  this  house 
made  and  provided  in  that  case.' 

'  Likewise  it  is  ordred  and  agreed  by  ye  authority  aforesaid 
yat  ye  Masters  for  ye  tyme  being  shalbe  booth  ye  buyers,  and 
booth  ye  Wardens  ye  deuidors  and  deliuerors  of  all  marchan- 
dizes,  bought  or  to  be  bought  by  ye  Masters  for  ye  vse  of  this 
Guild,  according  [to]  ye  auncient  custome.' 

fol.  43-  A.D.  1655. — If  the  City  do  not  pay  the  Gild  the  £300  due  the 
latter,  the  brethren  agree  to  bring  suit  against  the  former1. 

fol.  44.  Apr.  6,  1657. — A  Council  of  24  is  appointed  to  manage  the 
affairs  of  the  Gild.  The  other  brethren  are  to  attend  only  at 

fol.  55.  quarterly  meetings.  In  1679  it  was  ordered  that  only  the  Lord 
Mayor,  Masters  and  Wardens,  all  the  Aldermen  and  Sheriffs 
Peers  that  are  free  of  this  Gild,  and  threescore  more  of  the 
brethren,  elected  by  the  Masters,  Wardens  and  Council,  should 

fol.  54  £.  meet  and  act  in  the  quarter  assemblies.  At  this  date  there  were 
upwards  of  400  members  of  the  Gild. 

fol.  55.  Apr.  19,  1680. — The  Gild  is  to  be  represented  in  the  Common 
Council  of  the  City  by  42  of  its  members. 

fol.  64  £.      Apr.  2,  1733. — Hawkers  are  no  longer  to  interfere  with  the 

1  It  appears  that  the  Trinity  Gild  frequently  lent  money  to  the  civic  au- 
thorities. In  1671,  for  example,  it  was  ordered  that  £60  should  be  lent  'to 
the  Lord  Mayor  and  Sheriffs,  to  be  employed  for  the  management  of  certain 
affairs  of  great  importance  to  this  City'  (fol.  50^).  This  Fraternity  was 
accustomed  to  contribute  two  thirds  of  the  town  cess,  temp.  Elizabeth,  and 
the  other  gilds,  or  corporations  the  remainder. — Egerton  MS.  1766,  fol.  188. 


proofs  ana  3[ilustrattons,  79 

trade  of  shopkeepers,  '  who  regularly  pay  their  quarterage  to  this  DUBLIN. 
Guild1.' 


In  June,  1702,  the  Lord  Mayor  of  Dublin  issued  a  'De- 
claration,' of  which  the  following  is  an  abstract 2 : — • 

Complaints  having  been  made  by  the  several  corporations  of 
the  City  that  persons  not  free  of  the  City  or  of  any  guild  or 
fraternity  of  the  same  exercise  their  trades  and  sell  by  retail 
'  to  the  great  prejudice  of  Her  Majesties  subjects,  for  that  such 
sort  of  intruders  are  generally  unskill'd  in  the  trades  and  mys- 
teries they  profess,  and  have  been  often  detected  of  apparent 
fraud  and  deceitful  practices  in  their  way  of  dealing,'  the  Lord 
Mayor  publishes  the  by-laws  prohibiting  such  practices.  In  the 
year  1612,  'These  Laws,  Orders,  and  Constitutions  following 
were  Made  and  Established  in  full  Assembly  then  holden. 

'Whereas  by  the  antient  charters,  customs,  franchises,  and 
liberties  of  the  City  of  Dublin,  confirmed  by  sundry  acts  of 
parliament,  no  person  not  being  free  of  the  City  of  Dublin,  may 
or  ought  to  sell  or  put  to  sale  any  wares  or  merchandizes 
within  the  said  City  or  liberties  thereof,  or  retail  or  keep  any 
open  shop  or  inward  place  and  room  for  shew,  sale,  or  putting  to 
sale  of  any  wares  or  merchandizes  whatsoever. 

'Now  forasmuch  as  divers  and  sundry  persons  not  being  free 
of  the  said  City,  nothing  regarding  the  said  antient  charters, 
franchises,  customs,  and  liberties  of  the  said  City,  but  wholly 
intending  their  private  profit,  have  of  late  years  devised  and 
practiced,  by  all  sinister  and  subtil  means,  how  to  defraud  the 
said  charters,  liberties,  customs,  and  franchises ;  and  to  that 
end,  do  in  privy  and  secret  places,  usually  and  ordinarily  shew, 
sell,  and  put  to  sale  their  wares  and  merchandizes,  within  the 
said  City  and  liberties  of  the  same,  to  the  great  detriment  and 

1  Ff.  64-118  consist  chiefly  of  addresses  of  thanks  to  members  of  parliament, 
mayors,  etc.  ;  the  election  of  honorary  brethren  ;  the  regulation  of  coal-meters, 
etc. 

2  There  is  a  printed  copy  of  this  '  Declaration '  in  the  British  Museum ;  it 
bears  the  press-mark  1890.  e.  5  (2). 


so  Cfce  ®iin 

DUBLIN,  hurt  of  the  said  City,  and  of  the  free  citizens  thereof,  who  pay 
scot,  and  lot,  bear  offices,  and  undergo  other  charges,  which 
strangers  and  others  not  free  of  the  said  City  are  not  chargeable 
withall  nor  will  perform ; — ' 

For  reformation  of  these  disorders  it  is  ordained  by  the 
Common  Council  that  no  person  not  free  of  the  City  of  Dublin 
shall,  'by  any  colour,  way,  or  means  whatsoever,  directly  or 
indirectly,  by  himself  or  any  other,'  sell  any  wares  by  retail  or 
keep  a  shop  to  sell  by  retail  within  the  city  or  its  liberties,  upon 
pain  of  forfeiting  five  pounds. 

'And  further,  that  one  equal  moyety  of  the  said  forfeiture 
being  recovered,  shall  be  imployed  in  such  works  of  charity,  as 
the  Mayor  of  the  City  for  the  time  being,  and  the  Masters  of 
the  Trinity  Guild  for  the  time  being  shall  think  fit ;  and  the  other 
moyety  thereof  to  be  imployed  for  maintaining  and  bearing  the 
common  charges  of  the  masters,  wardens,  brothers,  and  sisters 
of  the  Trinity  Guild,  within  the  said  City,  &c.  Provided  always 
that  this  Act  or  Ordinance,  or  anything  therein  contained,  shall 
not  extend  to  any  person  or  persons  for  bringing  or  causing  to  be 
brought  any  victuals  to  be  sold  within  the  said  City  and  the 
liberties  thereof,  but  that  they,  and  each  of  them,  may  sell  victuals 
within  the  said  City  and  the  liberties  thereof,  as  they  might  have 
done  at  any  time  before  the  making  of  this  Act,  any  thing  herein 
contained  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

'And  whereas  in  the  said  year  of  our  Lord  1612,  the  like  by-law 
was  made,  prohibiting  all  persons  not  free  of  this  City,  from  exer- 
cising any  trade,  mystery  or  occupation,  in  the  said  City  or  liberties 
thereof,  under  the  pain  of  forfeiting  five  pounds  for  every  such 
offense. 

'And  forasmuch  as  the  said  by-laws  tend  only  to  the  well  regu- 
lating and  ordering  of  trade  and  prevention  of  fraud  and  deceit ; 
I  the  said  Lord  Mayor  of  this  City,  by  and  with  the  consent 
and  approbation  of  the  board  of  Aldermen,  do  hereby  strictly 
charge  and  require  all  persons  whatsoever  (except  such  as  are 
free  of  this  City,  or  of  some  corporation  in  the  same,  or  otherwise 
allowed  by  the  master  of  such  corporation),  that  they  do  not 


Proofs  anD  3|l!ustrationsu  81 

presume  for  the  future  to  keep  open  any  shop  inward  or  out-  DUBLIN. 
ward,  for  the  sale  of  any  goods  or  merchandizes  whatsoever  by 
retail,  within  this  City  or  liberties  thereof,  or  in  any  way  intrude 
on  the  lawful  franchises  of  any  of  the  corporations  or  fraternities 
of  this  City,  by  retailing  merchandizes  or  exercising  their  trades, 
crafts,  or  mysteries,  within  this  City  or  liberties  thereof .  .  .  Dated 
at  the  Tholsel  this  i2th  day  of  June,  1702.' 

'  Samuel  Walton.' 

'  The  Oath  of  the  Brethren  of  the  Guild  of  Merchants? 

'You  shall  swear  to  be  true  and  faithful  unto  our  Soveraign 
Lady  Queen  Anne  and  to  the  Fraternity,  or  Guild  of  Merchants 
of  the  City  of  Dublin  :  and  it  you  shall  support  and  maintain  to 
your  power  in  all  right :  also  you  shall  be  true  to  the  brethren 
that  be  merchants  thereof,  and  them  you  shall  maintain  and 
support  in  their  right  against  all  others  :  also  you  shall  be  true 
to  the  rules,  ordinances  and  statutes  that  be  ordained,  or  shall  be 
ordained  by  the  authority  of  the  masters,  wardens,  and  brethren 
for  the  due  profit  and  avail  of  the  said  Brotherhood :  also  all 
counsels  that  belong  to  the  said  Brotherhood  and  Guild,  and  all 
other  counsels  that  shall  be  moved  in  all  assemblies,  for  the  just 
profit  and  avail  of  the  said  Guild,  you  shall  truly  and  faithfully 
keep :  you  shall  answer  to  all  due  summons :  and  duly  and 
truly  pay  your  quarterages :  you  shall  not  adhere  to  any  other 
guild,  to  the  hindrance  and  wrong  of  this  Guild :  also  you  shall 
not  merchandize  with  any  un-freeman's  goods,  nor  be  broker  for 
any  alien,  to  the  wrong  of  the  Brotherhood.  These,  and  all  other 
things  belonging  unto  the  said  Brotherhood  and  Guild  you  shall 
support  and  maintain  to  the  best  of  your  power,  for  the  good  of 
the  said  Guild.  So  God  you  help,  &C.1'  It  is  interesting  to 
compare  the  above  with  the  following : — 

'  The  Oath  to  be  ministred  unto  every  Freeman  of  the 
City  of  Dublin? 

'You   shall  swear  that   you  shall  be  good  and  true  to  our 

1  British  Museum  Library,  press-mark  1890.  e.  5  (206). 

G 


82  c&e  <£tto  sgjercfcant 

Sovereign  Lady  Queen  Anne,  and  to  the  heirs  of  our  said 
Sovereign  Lady  the  Queen.  Obeysant  and  obedient  you  shall 
be  to  the  Mayor  and  Ministers  of  this  City ;  the  franchizes  and 
customs  thereof  you  shall  maintain,  and  this  City  keep  harmless 
in  that  that  in  you  is :  you  shall  be  contributory  to  all  manner  of 
charges  within  this  City,  as  summons,  watches,  contributions,  tasks, 
.talladges,  lot  and  scot,  and  all  other  charges,  bearing  your  part  as 
a  Freeman  ought  to  do  :  you  shall  colour  no  forreign  goods  whereby 
the  Queen,  or  this  City  might  lose  their  customs  or  advantages. 
You  shall  know  no  forreigner  to  buy  or  sell  any  merchandizes 
with  any  other  forreigner  within  this  City  or  franchizes  thereof 
but  you  shall  warn  the  Mayor  thereof.  You  shall  take  no  appren- 
tice but  if  he  be  free-born ;  that  is  to  say,  no  bondsman's  son, 
and  for  no  less  term  than  seven  years :  within  the  first  year  you 
shall  cause  him  to  be  inrolled,  and  at  his  term's  end  you  shall 
make  him  free  of  this  City,  if  he  have  well  and  truly  served  you. 
You  shall  also  keep  the  Queen's  peace  in  your  own  person.  You 
shall  know  no  gatherings,  conventicles,  nor  conspiracies,  made 
against  Her  Majesties  peace,  but  you  shall  warn  the  Mayor  thereof, 
or  let  it  to  your  power.  You  shall  not  be  free  baker,  butcher, 
or  fisher,  without  you  pay  custom ;  and  whatsoever  office  that  you 
be  lawfully  called  unto  within  the  said  franchises,  you  shall  it  not 
refuse.  All  these  points  and  articles  you  shall  well  and  truly 
keep,  according  to  the  laws  and  customs  of  this  City  to  your 
power.  So  God  you  help,  and  the  holy  contents  of  this  book. 
God  save  the  Queen  V 

'  A  short  State  of  the  Case  of  the  Corporation  of  Trinity  Guild, 
Dublin,  with  an  alphabetical  list  of  the  Freemen  and  also  of  the 
Council  of  the  House,  belonging  to  the  Corporation  who  are  all 
Freemen  thereof  was  printed  by  E.  Bate,  in  George's  Lane, 
Dublin,  in  1749.  It  reads  thus  : — 

'That  King  Henry  the  Vlth,  in  the  2gth  Year  of  his  Reign, 
incorporated  the  Merchants  of  the  City  of  Dublin,  and  gave  them 
several  Privileges,  gave  them  a  Power  to  chuse  every  Year  two 

1  British  Museum  Library,  press-mark  1890.  e.  5  (208). 


proofs  ano  Illustrations,  83 

Masters  and  two  Wardens,  to  make  By-Laws  for  the  better  Gov-  DUBLIN. 
ernment  of  the  Corporation,  and  also  to  repeal  them  as  Occasion 
required. 

That  Charter  was  by  a  new  Charter  granted  to  the  Corporation 
by  Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  iQth  Year  of  her  Reign  confirmed,  and 
further  Priviledges  and  Immunities  granted  to  them  by  the  Name 
of  the  Masters,  Wardens,  Brethren  and  Sisters  of  the  Fraternity 
or  Guild  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Dublin. 

They  have  made  and  ordained  many  By-Laws  for  their  Govern- 
ment, appointed  four  Quarter  Assemblys  of  the  Corporate  Body 
to  be  held  Yearly,  viz.  Michaelmas,  Christmas,  Easter  and  Mid- 
summer, on  particular  Days. 

The  Master  and  Wardens  are  to  serve  for  one  Year  only,  to 
commence  from  their  Michaelmas  Quarter  Assembly  Day,  at  which 
time  they  are  to  be  sworn. 

There  has  been  a  Custom  Annually,  to  appoint  a  Council  of 
the  House  in  the  Nature  of  a  Committee  to  prepare  all  the  neces- 
sary Business  to  be  laid  before  the  Corporation  at  their  Assembly. 

This  Council  has  for  many  years  past  been  appointed  by  the 
Masters  and  Wardens  pursuant  to  an  Order  made  at  every 
Michaelmas  Quarter  Assembly  impowering  them  to  name  such 
Council. 

The  Masters  and  Wardens  have  usually  in  pursuance  of  such 
Order  appointed  a  Council  of  the  House  Yearly,  and  have  con- 
stantly named  the  Lord  Mayor,  all  the  Aldermen,  the  Sheriffs 
and  Sheriffs  Peers,  the  Masters  and  Wardens,  and  all  their  Peers 
and  thirty-one  more  out  of  the  Corporate  Body  to  be  of  the 
Council  of  the  House. 

There  is  not  any  written  By-Laws  of  the  Corporation  impower- 
ing this  Council  to  act  in  the  Election  of  any  of  the  Offices 
of  the  Corporation,  or  in  the  returns  to  be  made  of  Persons  to 
serve  in  the  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Dublin  pursuant 
to  the  New  Rules. 

Yet  the  Council  of  the  House  have  taken  upon  them  a  right 
to  fix  on  such  Persons  as  they  think  proper  to  serve  in  the 
several  Offices  of  the  Masters  and  Wardens,  and  now  insist  that 

G  2 


84 

DUBLIN,  the  Corporation  is  bound  to  elect  their  Masters  and  Wardens  out 
of  the  returns  made  by  them. 

They  exercise  a  power  of  returning  Persons  to  serve  in  the 
Common  Council  of  the  City,  which  is  of  the  greatest  Consequence 
not  only  to  the  Corporation,  but  to  the  City  in  general,  without 
ever  applying  to  the  Corporation  for  their  Consent  or  Appro- 
bation. 

They  now  insist  that  they  have  a  right  so  to  do  by  Custom, 
and  that  the  Corporate  Body  is  bound  by  their  Transactions 
therein. 

The  reasonableness  of  those  Powers  as  insisted  on  by  the 
Council  of  the  House  in  Opposition  to  the  Corporate  Body,  is 
left  to  [the]  Consideration  of  every  Freeman. 

If  they  are  thought  reasonable,  then  let  such  Council  be  vested 
with  those  powers  by  Act  of  the  Assembly. 

If  they  are  thought  unreasonable,  then  the  Corporate  Body  have 
a  Right  to  reassume  the  power  to  themselves,  and  repeal  all  such 
Customs. 

It  now  only  remains  that  every  Freeman  consider  whether  the 
Customs  and  usages  thus  exercised  by  the  Council  of  the  House 
are  consistent  with  the  freedom  of  the  Corporation,  or  whether 
the  Corporation  are  desirous  to  be  restored  to  their  original  right 
under  the  Charter  for  Electing  such  Persons  as  they  think  most 
proper  to  serve  the  Office  of  Master  and  Wardens  out  of  the 
Corporate  Body  without  restraint  of  the  Council  of  the  House. 
And  also  to  the  right  of  nominating  such  persons  as  they  think 
most  proper  to  serve  in  the  Common  Council  of  the  City,  or 
leave  it  to  the  Council  of  the  House  to  nominate  for  them  as 
heretofore.' 

Then  follow  the  names  of  632  Freemen  of  the  Corporation; 
the  Council  of  the  Guild  (the  two  Masters,  two  Wardens,  Lord 
Mayor,  two  Sheriffs  and  24  others) ;  14  Sheriffs  Peers  ;  3  Masters 
Peers;  21  Wardens  Peers;  and  'the  31  Members  of  the  Corpo- 
rations.' 

A.D.  1836. — 'On  every  Michaelmas  quarter-day  this  Guild  elects 


Proofs  anD  3[llustration&  85 

a  Mayor  and  two  Constables  of  the  Staple  *.     The  retiring  Lord  DUBLIN. 
Mayor  and  Sheriffs  of  the  City  are  generally  elected.'     In  this  year 
there  were  about  900  brethren. — (Munic.  Corp.  Com.,  1836,  Dublin, 
271-273.) 

DUNHEVED  alias  LAUNCESTON. 

The  following  is  taken  from  the  dorse  of  the  Borough  Account 
Roll  of  Dunheved  for  the  year  1334  [translation] : — 

Entrances  to  the  Gild. 

'John,  the  son  of  Ade  [i.e.  Adam]  of  Huntenford,  entered  for 
his  bika  [ale  measure]  by  favour  of  the  mayor :  Surety,  William 
Huntenford. 

Galfrid  Boys  entered  for  his  bika  by  the  burgesses :  Surety, 
Roger  Tankard. 

Henry  Nayl,  entered  for  40^.  1 2d.  to  be  paid  forthwith,  and 
at  Candlemas  12^.,  and  at  Easter  is.  4^.:  Surety,  Reginald  of 
Tavistock. 

William  Lurneherde  entered  for  3-$-.,  whereof  he  paid  forthwith 
i&d.,  and  the  residue  is  to  be  paid  at  Candlemas  :  Sureties, 
William  Hardy  and  Richard  Gibba. 

Robert  de  Polhorman  entered  for  a  bika  by  the  burgesses. 

Henry  le  Pensran  entered  for  a  bika  by  the  burgesses. 

Stephen  Curtenay  entered  for  his  bika  by  the  burgesses. 

Philip  le  Dodder  entered  for  4^.,  which  he  paid  immediately 
on  entry. 

Nicholas  the  son  of  William  de  Bere,  entered  for  2s.,  to  be 
paid  at  Easter,  by  the  burgesses. 

William  Stacy  entered  by  favour  of  the  mayor. 

Robert  of  Tredidan  entered  for  2s.  6d.,  to  be  paid  at  Pentecost 
and  at  Michaelmas  :  Surety,  Adam  Kech. 

1  The  staplers  are  frequently  mentioned  in  the  Egerton  MS.  (ff,  18,  21  b, 
34,  37  b,  90,  and  see  above,  pp.  71,  74,  76).  The  staple  was  evidently  regulated 
by  the  Gild,  though  distinct  from  the  latter.  In  1617  the  Gild  is  called  '  the 
brotherhood  of  this  guild  and  staple,' — Egerton  MS.  1765,  fol.  37  b.  The 
staple  may  be  regarded  as  a  section  of  the  Gild  Merchant,  consisting  of  the 
wealthier  brethren. 


86 

DUNHEVED.      Seven    more   entries    similar   in   character    succeed.' — (Peter, 
Histories  of  Launceston  and  Dunheved,  94-95.) 

The  Roll  for  1336  is  endorsed,  under  the  heading,  'Entrances 
to  the  Gild,'  with  the  names  of  twenty  persons  who  were  admitted 
upon  payments  of  money  and  for  'bikas.'  In  1467  'William 
Coulecote  entered  into  the  Gild,  and  was  sworn  of  the  burgesses.' 
A.D.  1477.  The  Roll  for  17  Edward  IV  is  indorsed,  'Entrances  of 
Burgesses  in  this  year,  the  names  of  whom  follow.'  Thomas 
Colecombe,  of  Chepyngtoryton,  and  Matilda  his  wife,  on  the 
suretyship  of  John  Perys,  6s.  8d.  •  William  Vyell,  of  Chepyngtory- 
ton (surety,  John  Perys) ;  Thomas  Vela  came  into  the  Gild  by 
his  heirship,  and  paid  for  his  turn,  i6d.  ;  Mr.  John  de  Leche 
came  into  the  Gild  (surety,  John  Estecote),  6^.  &d. ;  Richard 
Maunsell,  cordwainer,  was  sworn  a  burgess,  and  paid  for  his 
admission  6s.  Sd.  Four  similiar  entries  follow.  On  the  back 
of  the  Roll  of  1493  are  the  words,  'Entries  of  burgesses  into  the 
Fraternity  of  the  Borough ' ;  five  names  succeed. — (Ibid.,  pp.  95, 
"3,  M7,  157,  163.) 

EXETEK. 

The  only  reference  to  the  '  Gilda  Mercatoria '  at  Exeter  that  I 
could  find  in  the  Record  Room  of  that  city  or  in  printed  books, 
is  contained  in  a  petition  of  the  citizens  to  Henry  VIII  for  a 
new  charter,  one  clause  of  which  was  to  read  thus  : — '  Et  ulterius 
concessimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  prefatis  Maiori, 
Balliuis  et  Communitati  et  successoribus  suis,  quod  ipsi  et  eorum 
successores  habeant  et  teneant  imperpetuum  Gildam  Mer- 
catoriam  cum  hansa  in  Ciuitate  predicta,  cum  omnibus  et  singulis 
ad  gildam  mercatoriam  pertinentibus,  prout  maior,  vicecomites 
et  Ciues  Ciuitatis  nostre  london'  melius  habeant  siue  habere 
seu  tenere  possint.  Ita  quod  nullus,  nisi  qui  de  gilda  ilia  est, 
mercandisam  aliquam  faciat  in  eadem  Ciuitate  et  in  portu 
eiusdem,  nisi  de  voluntate  Maioris,  Balliuorum  et  Communitatis 
predictorum.' — (Record  Room,  Exeter,  1-430  b.) 

There  was  a  powerful  Gild  of  Merchant  Adventurers  at  Exeter, 


Proofs  anu  3[llitstration&  87 

which  received  a  charter  from  Elizabeth.     We  are  informed  that  EXETER. 
it  actually  overshadowed  the  local  government  and  dictated  laws 
to  the  community,  to  which  the  Mayor  and  Chamber  submitted. 
— (  W.  Cotton,  An  Elizabethan  Gild  of  Exeter^  p.  24.) 

The  charter  of  Elizabeth  was  granted  to  the  Merchant  Adven-  A.  D.  1559. 
turers  on  account  of  aid  rendered  the  crown  by  the  citizens  of 
Exeter  in  the  time  of  Henry  VII  and  Edward  VI,  and  on  account 
of  the  inconveniences  arising  from  the  excessive  number  of 
artificers  and  unskilled  persons  occupying  the  art  or  mystery  of 
merchandising.  It  formally  incorporates  the  Company  by  the 
name  of  'Magister,  Gardiani  et  Societas  mercatorum  periclitan- 
cium  Ciuitatis  Exonie.'  The  Society  was  given  power  to  hold 
lands  and  tenements,  not  exceeding  100  marks  annual  value;  to 
plead  and  be  impleaded  in  courts  of  law ;  to  have  a  common 
seal ;  annually  to  elect  a  master  and  four  wardens ;  to  assemble, 
when  they  pleased,  to  make  laws  for  the  government  of  the 
Society  consistent  with  those  of  the  city  and  realm.  '  Et  insuper, 
de  abundanciori  gracia  nostra  ac  pro  consideracionibus  predictis 
necnon  pro  maiori  quiete  et  releuamine  mercatorum  predictorum, 
volumus  ac  per  presentes  ordinamus  et  stabilimus  quod  nullus 
Inhabitancium  Ciuitatis  nostre  Exonie  vel  Communitatis  eiusdem 
Ciuitatis,  cuiuscumque  status  seu  condicionis  fuerit,  post  festum 
Purificacionis  beate  Marie  Virginis  proximo  iam  sequens  infra 
eandem  Ciuitatem  artem  seu  misteram  mercimoniorum  vel  mer- 
candizarum  frequentare,  vel  vlla  mercandizas  seu  mercimonia 
extra  hoc  regnum  Anglie  facta  seu  crescencia  per  grossam  seu 
per  retaliam,  videlicet  in  grosse  or  by  retayle,  in  publico  vel 
priuate  vendicioni  exponere  aut  ab  eadem  Ciuitate  mercimonia, 
mercandizas  vel  merces  aliquas  ad  partes  extraneas  et  trans- 
marinas  seu  alia  loca  transportare,  traducere,  eskippare  seu 
conuehere  presumat  vel  audeat  (mercatoribus  predictis  exceptis), 
sub  pena  grauis  mulcture  seu  alterius  cuiuscumque  punicionis 
super  ipsos  racionabiliter  imponende,  nisi  prius  liber  sit  eiusdem 
Societatis  secundum  ordinaciones  inde  ordinandas  et,  vt  pre- 
mittitur,  prouidendas.  Et  insuper,  vt  premissa  et  omnia  statuta, 
leges,  ordinaciones  et  mandata  eorundem  Magistri,  Gardianorum 


agercfmnt 


EXETER,  et  Societatis  melius  obseruari  fieri  et  obidire  possint  in  tempore 
future,  concessimus  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris 
eisdem  Magistro,  Gardianis  et  successoribus  suis  plenam  tenore 
presencium  potestatem  et  auctoritatem  faciendi  scrutinium  vel 
scrutinia  inter  misteram  seu  artem  predictam  frequentantes,  ac 
de  mercimoniis,  mercibus,  mercandizis,  ponderibus,  mensuris  et 
aliis  rebus  suis  mistere  illi  incidentibus  vel  ad  eandem  misteram 
spectantibus  inquisicionem,  visum  et  examinacionem  capiendi 
et  habendi,  ac  defectus  in  eisdem  corrigendi,  ac  debito  et  legit- 
timo  modo  puniendi  et  obolendi.  Ac  quod  super  delinquentes 
contra  premissa  vel  eorundem  Magistri,  Gardianorum  et  Societatis 
ordinaciones  racionabiles  et  honestas  leges  et  statuta  in  forma 
predicta  ordinanda  fines,  amerciamenta,  penas,  penalitates,  im- 
prisonamenta,  puniciones  corporales  vel  pecuniarias  secundum 
eorundem  Magistri  et  Gardianorum  discrecionem,  cum  auisa- 
mento  et  assistencia  Maioris  Ciuitatis  nostre  Exonie  predicte  et 
quatuor  Aldermannorum  eiusdem  Ciuitatis  pro  tempore  existen- 
cium,  secundum  legem  huius  regni  nostri  Anglie  imponere,  assi- 
dere,  appunctuare,  exequi,  leuare  et  mandare,  ac  eadem  fines, 
amerciamenta,  penas,  penalitates,  imprisonamenta  et  puniciones 
predicta  remittere,  relaxare,  moderare,  mutare  et  alterare  se- 
cundum discrecionem  et  per  auisamentum  et  assistenciam  pre- 
dictam possint  et  valeant,  quandocumque  et  quocienscumque 
opus  et  necesse  fuerit  exnunc  imposterum,  et  sicut  eisdem 
Magistro  et  Gardianis  cum  auisamento  et  assistencia  predictis 
melius  visum  fuerit.  Quorum  quidem  finium,  amerciamentorum 
et  penarum  pecuniarum,  super  huiusmodi  delinquentes  et  trans- 
gressores  pro  contemptibus  et  offensis  seu  defectibus  suis  in 
forma  predicta  assidendorum  vel  imponendorum,  vnam  medie- 
tatem  leuari  et  responderi  volumus  et  concedimus  pro  nobis, 
heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  de  tempore  in  tempus  in  die 
festi  Sancti  Michaelis  Archangeli  ad  proprium  opus  et  vsum 
Communitatis  siue  Camerarie  Ciuitatis  nostre  Exonie  predicte,  in 
consideracione  quod  dicti  Maior  et  Aldermanni  eiusdem  Ciui- 
tatis de  tempore  in  tempus  assistant  et  auxilient  predictis  Magis- 
tro et  Gardianis  in  premissis  exequendis  et  perficiendis ;  ac 


proofs  anti  aiiustrattons,  89 

i 

alteram  medietatem  inde  in  solum  et  proprium  opus,  vsum  et  EXETER. 
releuamen  Societatis  mercatorum  predictorum  levari,  conuerti  et 
responderi  in  forma  predicta.'  The  Society  must  yearly  distribute 
among  twenty  poor  men  twenty  '  vdstes  panneas '  and  must  assist 
all  of  the  Company  who  are  impoverished  by  the  violence  of  the 
ocean  or  otherwise. — (Record  Office^  Patent  Roll  i  Eliz.,  pars  4, 
mem.  31-32.) 

PAVEBSHAM. 

'On  22nd  May,  1616,  the  Corporation,  by  bye-laws, 
established  a  trading  guild,  under  the  name  of  the  Mercers' 
Company.  The  first  bye-law  recites  that  long  experience  had 
shewn  that  the  dividing  of  the  government  of  cities  and  towns, 
and  of  the  tradesmen  there,  into  several  companies,  had  worked 
great  good,  and  was  the  means  of  avoiding  many  inconveniences 
and  preposterous  disorders,  in  respect  that  the  government  of 
every  artificer  and  tradesman  being  committed  to  men  of  gravity, 
best  experienced  in  the  same  faculty  and  mystery,  the  particular 
grievances  and  deceits  in  every  trade  might  be  examined,  re- 
formed, and  ordered.  It  then  states  the  order  made,  at  request 
of  the  tradesmen,  that  all  persons  then  or  afterwards  exercising 
the  trades  mentioned,  and  inhabiting  within  the  town,  should  be 
one  company  by  the  name  of  the  Mercers.  The  list  of  fifty-two 
trades  enumerated,  comprehends  nearly  all  those  now  exercised, 
and  includes  some  which  are  carried  on  under  another  name,  or 
have  ceased  to  be  exercised  in  the  town.  The  latter  are  mercers, 
haberdashers  of  hats  and  small  wares,  cloth  makers,  cloth  workers, 
weavers,  shermen,  barber  surgeons,  tanners,  vintners,  pewterers, 
armourers,  and  fletchers.  The  Company  was  to  have  a  master, 
warden,  and  assistants,  clerk,  and  beadle.  No  person  could 
thenceforth  exercise  a  trade,  unless  apprenticed  within  the  town, 
or  first  admitted  of  the  Company.  No  bachelor  could  set  up 
his  trade  before  the  age  of  twenty-four  under  a  penalty  of  5^. 
a  day.  No  one  might  sell  or  utter  any  other  ware  or  stuff 
but  such  as  belonged  to  his  trade.  Fines  for  admittance  of 
strangers  were  not  to  exceed  £10;  and  no  stranger  might 


90 

FAVERSHAM.  set  up  before  his  admittance  upon  pain  of  3^.  ^d.  a  day. 
Apprentices  brought  up  in  the  town  were  admitted  of  the 
Company,  and  their  fine  was  not  to  exceed  2$.  Persons  not 
coming  at  the  master's  summons  were  to  forfeit  is.  No  ap- 
prentice could  be  taken  under  seven  years,  and  his  indentures 
were  to  be  enrolled.  Journeymen  were  not  employed  under 
twenty  years  of  age.  None  might  entice  another's  servant  to 
depart  upon  pain  of  2os.  Thursday  in  Whitsun  was  appointed 
for  a  solemn  assembly — sermon  and  dinner.  Freemen  dying 
were  accompanied  to  their  burial.  Ordinances  were  to  be  made 
from  time  to  time  for  the  good  government  of  the  Company. 
Fines  might  be  imposed  upon  such  as  should  impugn  or  break 
the  orders.  [One  half  of  the  fines  was  to  be  paid  to  the  Mayor 
and  Commonalty,  the  other  half  to  the  Company.]  A  small 
quarterage  was  paid  by  the  freemen  of  the  Company,  and  they, 
upon  the  recommendation  of  the  master,  warden,  and  assistants, 
were  made  free  of  the  town  for  a  fine  of  6s.  8^.  Lastly,  the 
master,  wardens,  and  assistants,  were  not  to  interfere  with  the 
government  of  the  town,  but  only  with  measures  appertaining 
to  the  trades  and  mysteries  of  the  Company.  These  ordinances 
the  Justices  of  Assize  for  the  County  of  Kent  confirmed.'- 
(Kent  Archaeol.  Soc.,  Trans.,  vol.  ix.  p.  Ixviii.) 

'A  second  set  of  bye-laws,  also  confirmed  by  the  judges  of 
assize,  was  made  by  the  mayor,  jurats  and  commonalty  in  1699. 
The  principal  provisions  in  these,  relating  to  the  company,  are 
the  following :  that  the  mayor  for  the  time  being  is  to  be  master, 
that  the  wardens  are  to  be  chosen  from  the  jurats,  four  of  the 
assistants  from  the  common  councilmen,  and  the  other  four 
from  the  freemen  of  the  company;  that  all  sums,  paid  on 
admission  into  the  company  by  foreigners  are  to  the  use  of  the 
mayor,  jurats  and  commonalty,  to  be  employed  toward  the  public 
charges  of  the  town,  and  some  other  fines  mentioned  to  the 
use  of  the  company.  In  case  of  neglect  or  refusal  to  pay  sums 
imposed  by  the  company,  the  beadle  is  to  make  distress  of  the 
goods  of  the  party.  The  bye-law,  after  reciting  that  the  number 
of  the  freemen  of  the  town  had  become  so  small,  as  not  to 


Proofs  anti  3illustration&  91 

furnish  sufficient  for  jurats  and  commoners,  gives  the  mayor  and  FAVERSHAM. 
four  jurats  power  to  require  any  of  the  freemen  of  the  company  to 
be  made  free  of  the  town,  under  a  penalty  of  5/.  and  of  dis- 
franchisement.'     In   1835   the  old  organization  of  the  Mercers' 
Company  was  still  maintained;  its  sole  remaining  function  was 

1  to  impose  a  restriction  upon  the  right  to  trade  within  the  juris- 
diction of  the  corporation.'     The  Mayor  for  the  time  being  was 
still  Master  of  the  Company. — (Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  pp.  968- 
970.) 

GAINSBOKOTTGH. 

Aymer  de  Valence,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  confirmed  the  liberties 
of  the  town  (temp.  Edward  III).  The  following  is  the  clause 
of  the  charter  relating  to  the  Gild  [translation]  : — '  We  have  also 
granted  to  the  same  burgesses,  whose  names  remain  with  us  in 
our  treasury,  that  they  and  their  heirs  may  have  from  henceforth 
a  free  mercatory  gild,  and  that  they  be  free  of  toll  and  stallage  in 
buying  and  selling  all  their  saleable  things  in  the  borough  afore- 
said ;  so  notwithstanding  that  neither  the  said  burgesses  nor  their 
heirs  do  receive  any  stranger  into  their  gild  aforesaid  as  a  burgess 
in  the  gild  aforesaid,  unless  it  be  with  the  assent  of  us  or  our 
steward  for  the  time  being,  and  in  our  court  be  presented  and 
entered.' — (Stark,  Gainsburgh,  75-76.) 

GUILDFOBD. 

Henry  III  in  the  fortieth  year  of  his  reign  granted  the  men  of  A.D.  1256. 
Kingston-upon-Thames  the  Gild  Merchant,  just  as  the  men  of 
Guildford  had  it1.     'Gilda  Mercatoria'  also  occurs  among  the 
privileges  conferred  upon  Guildford  by  Edward  III 2. 

Gilda3  mercatoria  tenta    in    Octabis  Sancti  Michaelis,  Anno  Guldeford. 

1  Roots,  Kingston  Charters,  28;  Petyt  MS.,  ii.  159. 

2  Brayley,  Surrey,  i.  313 ;  Manning,  Surrey,  i.  35. 

3  These  extracts  are  taken  from  two  sources: — (i)  Addit.MS.,  Mus.  Brit,  6167, 
a  folio  volume  of  488  pages  entitled,  *  Collections  for  Surrey,'  made  by  Rich. 
Symmes,  who  appears  to  have  been  Town  Clerk  of  Guildford  from  1670  to 
1680  ;    ff.  193-208  refer  mainly  to  proceedings  of  the  Gild  from  30  Edw.  Ill  to 

2  Jac.  II.     (2)  A  large  paper  folio  belonging  to  the  Corporation  of  Guildford. 


92 

GUILDFORD.  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tertii  a  conquestu  Tricesimo.   Walterus  Atte 
F     ~       ffenne  venit  ad  istam  Gildam,  et  soluit  de  redditibus  Aule  xim.  s., 
fol.  193.       Et  sic  quietus  est. 
A.D.  1356.      Edwardus  Barret  venit  ad  istam  Gildam  et  fecit  finem  ad  pas- 

In  ff.  118-138  we  have  the  proceedings  of  the  Gild  from  30  Edw.  Ill  to  50 
Edw.  Ill ;  in  ff.  146-156,  the  same  from  14  Hen.  IV  to  9  Hen.  V.  The 
scribe,  Geo.  Austen  (a  person  of  that  name  was  Town  Clerk  of  Guildford  9 
Eliz., — Addit.  MS.  6167,  fol.  203^),  begins  as  follows : — '  I  finde  a  verie  auncient 
booke  of  this  towne  called  "  The  Black  Booke "  written  in  the  tymes  of 
Edward  III,  Richard  II,  Henry  IV,  Henry  V,  Henry  VI,  Edward  IV, 
Henry  VII,  sometymes  Kings  of  Englande,  wherein  are  written  and  recorded, 
the  choice  of  divers  officers  within  the  said  towne  yerelie,  with  divers  accoumpts 
of  money  receved  for  rents,  forfeytures,  proffitts  of  courts,  faires,  customes,  and 
other  things,  by  the  bayliff,  halwardens  and  other  officers  of  the  said  towne 
yerelie  collected  and  paide.  And  also  divers  entries  of  ffynes  paid,  and  auncient 
customes  observed  by  sundry  persons  for  admittance  by  a  generall  consent  into 
the  libertie  and  ffreedome  of  the  said  towne,  which  booke  is  so  ragged,  torne,  and 
rent  one  peece  from  another,  yea,  almost  every  leaf  one  from  the  other,  and  so 
disorderly  placed  that  I  could  hardly  bring  them  into  order  agayne.  Now  for 
so  much  of  the  same  as  came  to  my  hands  (a  great  many  leaves  of  that  book 
being  lacking)  I  have  reduced  as  nere  as  I  can  into  their  places,  and  collected 
out  of  the  same  the  cheif  substaunce  of  so  much  of  that  which  I  found  there 
written  as  coulde  well  be  readd,  for  in  manie  of  the  leaves  of  that  booke  the 
very  words  and  letters  thereof  in  divers  places  are  worn  out  by  age  and  ill  kep- 
inge,  as  may  appere  to  them  that  shall  look  into  the  same.  ...  I  have 
briefly  collected  out  of  the  same  the  chief  matters  therein  sett  downe,  which  I 

have  summarilie  caused  to  be  written  in  this  my  booke For  the  rest  of  the 

matters  contained  in  that  booke  from  the  first  yere  of  the  raign  of  king  Henry 
the  sixth  forthwardes,  I  have  omitted  to  make  eny  collections  of  those  latter 
tymes,  because  I  find  from  that  tyme  the  booke  called  the  red  booke  of  the  said 
towne  to  begin  and  continue  yerelie  the  election  of  officers,  admitting  offoreyners 
by  fine  and  some  other  things.  ...  I  have  taken  this  paynes  to  gather  out  of 
that  book  brieflie  that  which  followeth,  that  thereby  instede  of  the  substance 
some  shadow  or  resemblance  of  that  old  book  may  remayne  for  those  which 
shall  succeed.  And  yett  I  would  not  have  that  black  book  by  this  means  to  be 
cast  away  or  not  regarded,  appering  old  and  ragged,  but  rather  to  accompte  of 
him  the  more  in  that  he  doth  proceed  from  your  auncient  predecessors,  and 
afford  him  that  favour  to  let  him  have  abode  amongest  you,  where  he  may 
rest  safelie.'  .... 

The  British  Museum  MS.,  being  more  accessible,  has  been  followed  in  the  text, 
though  the  MS.  at  Guildford  is  fuller.  Additions  and  variations  adopted  from 
the  latter  are  given  in  brackets,  but  words  added  in  italics  are  emendations 
by  myself.  The  folios  of  the  Brit.  Mus.  MS.  and  the  Guildford  MS.  are 
indicated  in  the  margin  by  '  fol.'  and  '  F.'  respectively. 


Proofs  anD  3(llustrations,  93 

cendum  Gildam  pro  vi.  s.  vm.  d.     Et  sic  quietus  est.     Et  debet  GUILDFORD. 
vnum  Taurum  contra  proximam  [gildani^  per  plegium  Ricardi  le 
ffletcher,  Johannis  Hillar,  Willielmi  Jacob  et  Johannis  Tanner 
[et  sic  de  aliis]. 

Gilda  mercatoria  [de  Guldeford]  tenta  ibidem  die  dominica  Guldeford. 
proxima  ante  ffestum  Sancti  Luce  Evangeliste,  Anno  regni  Regis 
Edwardi  tertii  post  conquestum  Tricesimo  secundo.  A.D.  1358. 

Ad  istam  Gildam  venit  Walterus  Atte  ffenne  et  solvit  in.  s. 
nii.</.,  quos  recepit  de  Johanne  Herman  pro  Jentaculo  suo,  Etsic 
quietus  est.  [Item  de  aliis,  etc.] 

Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  ibidem  die  dominica  proxima  post  fifes-  Guldeford. 
turn  Sancti  Luce  Evangeliste,  35  Edw.  3.  A.D.  1361. 

Ad  istam  Gildam  venit  Willielmus  Goffe  et  invenit  plegios  ad 
pascendum  ad  proximam,  viz.  Robertum  Lungie,  Johannem  Illory 
et  Johannem  Mauroks.  Ita  quod  solvat  ad  ffestum  Sancti 
Michaelis  proximo  futurum  v.s.  et  ad  proximam  Gildam  V..T.,  et 
Jentaculum  suum  vna  cum  cursu  cuiusdam  Tauri  competentis, 
provt  moris  est,  sine  vlteriore  dilacione. 

Ad  istam  Gildam  venit  Henricus  at  Stonhurst  et  fecit  finem 
Gilde  sue  pro  vi.  s.  vm.  */.,  vnde  solvit  ad  istam  Gildam  XL.  d.  Et 
habet  diem,  etc. 

Ad  istam  Gildam  venit  Robertus  le  Spicer  et  fecit  finem  ad 
pascendum  gildam  pro  x. s.,  vnde  soluit  nunc  XL.^/.,  et  habet  diem 
de  vi. s.  viu.d.  vsque,  etc.  [et  sic  de  multis  aliis]. 

Senescallus  *.  Walterus  Wodelande.  Electio  ofiV. 

'  Walterus  at  Barr, 
Henricus  Taverner, 

Ricardus  Pruett,  F.  122. 

\  Walterus  At  ffann. 

Clericus.  

Marescallus.  Thomas  Hornington. 

( Johannes  fferor,  Rob.  Lungie, 

Pincerne.  <  ,  ,      i   •«•     «i      i 

(  Rogerus  Lumbard,  Ric.  ffletcher. 

( Willielmus  Gallopyn, 
Custodes  Aule. 

I  Johannes  Mauroks. 

**  Frequently  written,  '  scenescallus '  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  MS. 


fferthingmen. 


94 


fol.  193  b. 


GUILDFORD.  Memorandum  quod  Computus  de  Collectione  Marescalli  domini 
Regis  de  claro  computatur  inter  Communitatem  et  Willielmum 
Gallopyn  et  Johannem  Mauroks,  Collectores  eiusdem.  Ita  quod 
de  claro,  Computo  Computando  Allocationibus  Allocandis,  iidem 
Willielmus  et  Johannes  remanent  in  debito  dicte  communitati  in 
v.s.  vi.  d.  ob.,  preter  denarios  provenientes  de  Stokelane,  quos 
Petrus  Semer  manucepit.  Et  iidem  Willielmus  et  Johannes 
petunt  allocari  de,  etc.,  et  de  vi.^.,  solutis  pro  redditibus  Aule 
pro  duobus  annis,  etc.  Et  de  vi.s.  qui  fuerunt  in  manus  Walteri 
Wodeland  Maioris  de  visu  ffranci  plegii,  etc.  Inde  allocatur  pro 
expensis  porce  apud  ffrenegate,  in.s.  i.d.t  etc. 

Plegii  Johannis  Scots  de  bono  f  Johannes  fferour, 
gestu  versus  Maiorem  ville.  (  Johannes  Illory. 

Robertus  Troffle  ponit  se  [in  misericordia  et]  in  gratia  Maioris 
et  Communitatis,  de  eo  quod  vocavit  Willielmum  Loveland  La- 
tronem,  per  plegium  Johannis  Butt  et  Rogeri  Baker,  et  postea  ad 
rogatum  Thome  Guldeford  et  aliorum  fide  dignorum  condonatur, 
sub  bono  gestu  suo  imposterum. 

Memorandum  quod  expensa  duorum  Burgensium  missorum  ad 
Parliamentum  Domini  Regis  tentum  apud  Westm'  in  ffesto  Con- 
uersionis  Pauli,  Anno  regni  sui  tricesimo  quinto,  commorantium 
ibidem  per  xxvui.  dies,  per  diem  quilibet  XH.  d.,  attingat  ad  sum- 
mam  LVI.  s. 

Item  in  expensis  factis  circa  libertatem  essendi  quietus  de 
Theolonio  prestando  in  Ciuitate  London',  Southwerk',  Sutham- 
ton'  et  Winton'  in  brevi  domini  Regis  et  in  aliis  expensis  neces- 
sariis  pro  libertate  habenda  et  allocanda  a  die  conuersionis  Sancti 
Pauli,  Anno  regni  Regis  Tricesimo  quinto  incipiente,  vsque  ad 
primum  diem  Maii  proximo  sequentem,  xxxix.j.  v.d.  ob. 

Gilda  mercatoria  ibidem  tenta  [tenta  ibidem]  die  dominica 
proxima  post .  . .  Martyris,  36  Edw.  3. 

Walterus  Wodeland. 
f  Ric.  Pruett,  Joh.  Mauroks, 
I  Rogerus  Baker,  Walt,  at  ffenne. 


F.  123. 


Guldeford. 
A.D.  1362. 

Electio  offic*. 


Senescallus. 
fferthingmen. 


Clericus. 
Marescallus. 


Thomas  Hornington. 


ann  3[llustratton&  95 

( Johannes  fferour,  Rob.  Lungye,  GUILDFORD. 

Jrincerne.  \  ~~~~~ 

(  Ric.  ffletcher,  Job.  Illory. 

( Willielmus  Gallopyn, 
Custodes  Aule.         J  _ 

\  Rogerus  Lumbard. 

Ad  istam  Gildam  venit  Robertas  At  Stone  et  invenit  plegios  fo1-  J94- 
ad  pascendum  ad  proximam  \gildam\,  viz.  Johannem  Illory,  Wil- 
lielmum  Pollingfold,  Will.  Jacob  et  Johannem  Watte.     Ita  quod 
pascet  ad  proximam  cum  cursu  Tauri  competentis,  prout  moris 
est.     [Item  diuers  ffynes  paide  for  freedome  and  distresses  taken  F.  124. 
of  pleges  for  the  like.] 

Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  ibidem  die  Lune  proxima  post  ffestum  Guldeford. 
Sancti  Luce  Evangeliste,  37°  Edw.  3.  A.D.  1363. 

Memorandum  quod  Robertus  Lungye  debet  Communitati  v.  s., 
quos  recepit,  etc.  Item  venit  Ricardus  Gadd  et  solvit  Communi- 
tati ix.  s.  pro  Gilda  sua,  et  omnia  alia  fecit  que  ad  ipsam  pertinuit 
[pertinent],  et  sic  quietus  recessit. 

Item  venerunt  hie  Walterus  Gerland  et  Radulfus  at  Gibbes  et 
dant  Communitati  vnam  marcam  per  plegium  Rogeri  Lumbard, 
quos  \<fUam\  solvent 1  incontinenter  pro  Gilda  sua,  et  Taurus  vnius 
eorum  invenietur  nunc,  et  alterius  ad  proximam  Gildam,  cum 
Jantaculo  [etc.]. 

Item  venit  Rogerus  At  Tonne  et  invenit  Rogerum  Lumbard 
et  Henricum  Tanner  plegios  suos  ad  pascendum  Gildam  istam 
ad  proximum  annum  secundum  consuetudinem  istius  ville  sine 
vlteriori  dilacione.  Et  solvit  hie  Rogero  Lumbard  et  Willielmo 
Gallopyn  vi.  s.  vin.  d.,  et  aliam  dimidiam  marcam  solvet  ad  festum 
Sancti  Martini  proximo  sequens,  per  plegios  predictos,  quam  dimi- 
diam marcam  postea  solvit  hie  ad  istam  Gildam,  etc.  [Et  sic  de 
multis  aliis.] 

Memorandum  quod  tota  summa  de  expensis  Walteri  Wodeland 
et  Rogeri  Lumbard  Burgensium  Parliamenti  de  anno  37°  continet 
mi.  //'.  mi.  s.,  de  quibus  Johannes  Maurocks  et  Johannes  Hillary 
Collectores  solverunt  eisdem  die  Sabbati  proxima  post  ffestum  cor- 
poris  Christi  xxxix.  s.  vi.  d.  Et  iidem  Walterus  et  Rogerus  dant 

1  The  MS.  has  quos  sol*. 


96 

GUILDFORD.  inde  Communitati  ad  emendacionem  communis  Aule  xm.  s.  mi.  */. 
Ita  quod  de  predicta  summa  solvuntur  eis  xxvi.  s.  vi.  d. 

F-  125-  Item  iidem  Collectores  finis  et  expensarum  Clericorum  de 

mercato  domini  Regis  expenditarum  apud  Guldeford  in  mense 
Pasche  Anno  37°  ad  predictum  diem  reddiderunt  computum 
suum,  quod  omnia  compute  computando  et  allocationibus  allo- 
candis  remanent  in  manibus  suis  ad  emendacionem  predicte 
Aule  vn.  s.  mi.d.  [etc.] 

Electio  offic'.         Senescallus.  Walterus  Wodeland. 

f  Ric.  Pruett,  Johannes  Semer, 
fferthingmen. 

I  Rog.  Baker,  Walt,  at  ffenne. 

[The  other  officers  as  above,  36  Edw.  III.] 

Guldeford.          Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  ibidem  die  Lune  proxima  post  festum 
°A  £  1304  Sancti  Luce  Evangeliste,  380  Edw.  3. 

Memorandum  quod  Taurus  Rogeri  at  Tonne  quern  invenisse 
debuit  ad  proximam  Gildam  precedentem  respectuatur  vsque  ad 
proximam  [Gildam]  per  eundem  plegium  suum,  et  de  omnibus 
aliis  quietus  est. 

Item  dies  datus  est  Henrico  Cokeshall  ad  inveniendum  Taurum 
suum  et  Jantaculum  vsque  ad  proximam  Gildham,  per  plegium, 
etc.   [postea  invenit  Taurum  et  Jantaculum   proximo  Anno  se- 
quente,  et  sic  quietus  est.     Et  sic  de  multis  aliis,  etc.] 
Electio  offic'.         Senescallus.  Walterus  Wodeland. 

(  Ric.  Pruet,  Johannes  Mauroks, 
nertmngmen.  {  , 

I  Henr.  Colas,  Walterus  At  ffenne. 

Clericus.  Johannes  Semer. 

Marescallus.  Johannes  fferour. 

(  Rob.  Wodeland,  Thomas  Lumbard. 
Pincerne.  < 

[  Rich.  Fletcher,  Rob.  Lungye. 

(  Rog.  Lumbard, 
Custodes  Aule.  * 


Summa  collections  istius  Gilde  xvi.  s.  viu.  d.  Summa  Visus 
Franci  plegii  in.  s.  Inde  in  expensis  istius  Gilde  in  pane  v.  d., 
in  servitia  [i.e.  cervisia]  xm.  s.  vi.  ^.,  in  came  empta  HI.  s.  xi.  d.,  in 
vino  viu.  d.,  in  spicis  emptis  in.  s.  vi.  d.,  in  waufers  in.  s.,  in  Gar- 
leke  empta  n.  d.  Summa,  etc. 


ant)  3[llustrarton&  97 

Gilda  mercatoria  ibidem  tenta  [tenta  ibidem]  die  Lune  proxima  GUILDFORD. 

post  festum  Sancti  Luce  Evangeliste,  30°  Edw.  *. 

Guldeford. 

Ad  istam  venit  Rogerus  at  Tonne,  et  solvit  Taurum  suum  quern  A  D  1365 
debuit  de  Gilda  sua,  etc.,  et  quietus  est  [etc.]. 

Senescallus.  Petrus  Semer  [est  electus  loco  Walteri  Electio  offic'. 

Wodeland].  F' I27' 

(  Ric.  Pruett,  Joh.  Mauroks, 
Fertmngmen.  \ 

(  Henr.  Collas,  Walt.  Att  ffenne. 

( Joh.  Wodeland.  Hen.  Cokeshall, 
Pmcerne.  \  : 

\  Thorn.  Lumbard,  Rob.  Lungye. 

Marescallus.  Johannes  fferour. 

f  Rogerus  Lumbard, 
Custodes  Aule. 

(  Ric.  ffletcher. 

Clericus.  Johannes  Semer. 

Ad  istam  venit  Will.  Donelithe  et  dat  communitati  pro  Gilda 
sua  habenda  xm.  s.  mi.  d.  cum  Tauro  et  Jantaculo,  quos  solvet 
ad  proximam  per  plegium  Walteri  Wodeland  et  Will.  Gallopyn. 

[Item  venit  Walterus  Taylor  et  dat  Communitati  pro  Gilda  sua 
habenda  vi.  s.  vui.  d.  cum  Tauro  et  Jantaculo,  quos  solvet  ad 
proximam  per  plegium  Rogeri  Lumbard  et  Willielmi  Galapyn, 
etc.] 

Memorandum  quod  ad  istam  Gildam  Petrus  Dercle,  qui  vnus  fol.  195. 

fuit  communitatis,  maledixit l  expens'  clericorum  de  mercato 

domini  Regis,  in  contemptu  totius  Communitatis,  et  ideo  precep- 
tum  est  ....  Petrus  amittit  libertatem  suamf  etc. ;  postea  idem 

Petrus  venit,  et  speciali  rogatu ville  petit  libertatem  suam, 

et  ponit  se  in  graciam  Communitatis,  et  datus  est  eidem  dies 
.  .  .  .  de  plen'  pascen'  sua,  et  dat  ludum  Tauri  sui  incontinen- 
ter,  etc. 

Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  ibidem  ....  40°  Edw.  3.  Guldeford. 

Senescallus.  Walterus  Wodeland,  etc.  A-]D- 1366. 

f  Ric.  Pruet,  Joh.  Mauroks,  Electio  offic>- 

[fferthingmen.  f  ,  „ 

I  Rog.  Baker,  Walt.  At  fenne. 

Clericus. 


F.  128. 


1  The  dots  here  and  elsewhere  in  the  proceedings  of  this  Gild  down  to 
50  Edward  III  indicate  omissions  in  the  MSS. 

H 


98  Cfte  <£ilD  sgjercimnt 

GUILDPORD.          Marescallus.  Th.  Hornington. 

( Joh.  fferour,  Rob.  Lungye, 
Pincerne  < 

(  Ric.  ffletcher,  Joh.  Illory. 

I  Will.  Galapyn, 

Custodes  Aule.      •  1  _  .       '      , , 

v  Rogerus  Lumbard.J 

Ad  istam  Gildam  venit  Nicholaus  Purchas  spicer  et  dat  Com- 
munitati  pro  omnibus  que  ad  Gildam  pertinent,  vt  sit  vnus  de 

Gilda,  x.  s.,  quos  solvit  hie  Waltero  Wodeland.  [ et  sic  de 

aliis.] 

41  Edw.  3 l.         Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  ibidem  die  Martis  proxima  post  festum 
A.D.  1367.     Sancte  Luce  Evangeliste  [41  Edw.  3]. 

[Ad  istam  venit  Johannes  Barber  et  solvit  pro  Gilda  sua,  viz., 
pro  fine  suo  xin.  s.  mi.  <£,  et  Jantaculum  suum,  et  Taurus  re- 
spectuatur  vsque  proximam  per  plegium  .  .  . 

Item  venit  Walterus  Tailor  et  dat  Communitati  Taurum  suum, 
et  sic  quietus  est  in  omnibus. 

Item  venit  Rogerus  Lumbard  et  solvit  Communitati  m.  s.  v.  d. 
de  debito  Gilde  precedentis,  et  sic  quietus  est  in  omnibus,  etc.] 

i  Walterus  Woodland. 
Senescallus.  \  _  , 

I  Rob.  Loxle. 

Ballivi  et  Custodes   f  Henr.  Colas, 
Aule.  ( Joh.  Mauroks. 

i  Rogerus  Lumbard. 
Constabularn.  \ 

\  Petrus  At  Barr. 

( Jacobus  Gossone. 
Tastatores.  I  *_ 

( Will.  Nerwe. 

f  Joh.  Scott,  Thomas  Lumbard. 
r  incerne.  < 

( Joh.  Illory,  Henr.  Cokeshall. 

Marescallus.  Petrus  At  Barr. 

42  Edw.  3.          Gilda  mercatoria  ibidem  tenta  [tenta  ibidem]  die  Lune  proxima 
A.D  1368      an^e  festum  Sancti  Luce  Evangeliste  [42  Edw.  3]. 

Ad  istam  venit  Johannes  Barbor  et  solvit  Taurum  suum  de 
Gilda  sua  precedente,  et  sic  quietus  est  in  omnibus,  etc. 

[Item  venit  Thomas  Barbor  et  solvit  x.  s.  pro  fine  suo  aretro 

1  In  the  MS.  at  Guildford  the  word  «  Guldeford '  always  occupies  the  place  of 
the  date  in  the  margin. 


Proofs  ano  3(llustratton&  99 

existente  et  Jantaculum,  et  vi.  s.  vm.  d.  de  Tauro  suo  respectuando  GUILDFORD. 
vsque  ad  proximam  Gildam,  per  plegium  Rogeri  Lumbard   et 
Johannis  Mauroks,  et  sic  remanet. 

Memorandum  de  expensis  istius  Glide  in  pane  .  .  .  et  servicia 
ix.  s.  x.  d.,  vnde  Henrico  mi.  s.  vi.  d.  et  Ricardo  ffletcher  HI.  s. 
vi.  d.  Item  in  nucibus  HI.  s.  Item  in  Carkes  xvm.  d.  Item  in 
Carne  et  Ancis  mi.  s.  ix.  d.  Item  Henrico  Tanner  pro  HI.  Ancis 
et . . .  H.  s.  vi.  d.,  et  Willielmo  Galapyn  pro  duobus  Ancis  et  Carne 
xxi.  d.,  et  Johanni  Illory  pro  vna  Anca  vi.  d.  Item  in  vino  x.  d.\ 
et  solvit  de  parcella  argenti  precedentis,  et  remanent  vn.  s. 

Ad  istam  venit  Thomas  Barber  et  invenit  plegios  ad  pascendum 
ad  proximam,  viz.,  Rogerus  Lombard  et  Johannes  Illory,  et  fecit 
finem  pro  xx.  j.,  vnde  solvit  incontinenter  x.  s.  et  ad  proximam 
solvat  x.  s.  et  Jantaculum  et  Taurum,  etc. 

Item   denarii   de   Curialibus   circa  proximam   Gildam,   vide-  F.  131. 
licet : — 

Walt.  Wodeland  Cervicia  pro  prima  nocte, —  I.  bu.  frum',  brassii,  ordi,  quietus. 

Will.  Bonelithe I.  bu.  frumenti,  quietus,  xi.  d. 

Job.  Scot I.  bu.  brassii,  solvit  X.  d. 

Job.  Mere 'U.S.,  quietus. 

Will.  Goffe I.  bu.  frumenti,  quietus,  XII.  d. 

Rich.  Purchaz II.  bu.  ordi,  Xllll.d.,  quietus. 

Jac.  Gossone        .....  I.  bu.  ordi,  quietus,  vn.d. 

Petr.  Bercle           .....  I.  bu.  brassii,  X.  d.,  quietus. 

Job.  Bidonn          .         .         .         .         .  I.  bu.  ordi,  vm.  */.,  quietus. 

Rog.  Bannoke I.  bu.  brassii,  x.  </.,  quietus. 

Et  sic  de  aliis  ad  numerum  XV.] 

Gilda  mercatoria  ibidem  tenta  die  Lune  proxima  post  festum  43  Edw.  3. 
Sancti  Michaelis  [43  Edw  3].  fti^T* 

Senescallus.  Henr.  Collas. 

Ballivus.  Rogerus  Lumbard.  Electio  offic>- 

Clericus.  Rob.  Packs. 

(  Rogerus  Lumbard, 
Custodes  Aule. 

(  Johannes  Mauroks. 

Memorandum  quod  Rogerus  Lumbard,  qui  Ballivus  fuit  istius 
ville  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  Anno  43°  finiente,  vsque  ad  idem 
festum  proximo  sequens,  Anno  44°,  Reddidit  computum  suum  die 

H  2 


ioo  Cfie  ©itt 

GUILDFORD.  Lime  septimo  die  Octobris,  de  xx.  //.  De  quibus  XLVI.  s.  viu.  d. 
recepit  de  Petro  At  Barr  de  receptis  Curie,  redditibus,  custuma, 
forisfacturis  et  omnibus  aliis  receptis  ad  dictam  villam  pertinenti- 
bus.  Vnde,  etc.  idem  computat  v.  //.  solutas  de  firma  dicte  ville 
de  Anno  predicto,  et  v.  //.  solutas  de  firma  istius  anni,  et  XL.  s. 
solutos  Comiti  Arundel'.  Et  de  xxvi.  s.  vm.d.  pro  Stipendio  Sene- 
scalli  et  Clerici,  et  de  .  .  .  pro  Stipendio  subballivi.  Et  idem 
Rogerus  renunciat  Stipendium  suum,  et  de,  etc. 

Item  ad  istam  Gildam  concordatum  est  de  certo  per  Senescal- 
lum  et  totam  Communitatem,  quod  tempore  future  semper 
teneatur  predicta  Gilda  die  dominica  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis.  Et  tune  fiat  eleccio  omnium  officiariorum,  etc.  Et 
qui  de  communitate  ad  hunc  diem  non  venerint,  amertiantur 
\amercientur\  per  communem  assensum,  etc. 

Memorandum  quod  Johannes  Scott,  Johannes  Illory,  Henricus 
Cokeshall  et  Thomas  Lumbard  Pincerni  reddunt  computum  suum 
de  xin.  s.  de  denariis  promissis  in  alia  Gilda  alterius  anni.  Inde 
computant  in  pane  xin.  d.  Item  in  carne  motonis  et  Ancis  n.  s. 
vi.  d.j  in  speciebus  mi.  d.,  in  candelis,  etc. 

44  Edw.  3.          Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  ibidem  die  Lune  proxima  ante  ffestum 
A.D.  1370.      Sancti [44  Edw.  3]. 

Senescallus.  Petrus  Semer. 

Ballivus.  Rogerus  Lumbard. 

Clericus.  Johannes  Semer. 

f  Rogerus  Lumbard. 
Custodes  Aule.       {  , 

( Johannes  Mauroks. 

F.  133.  Ad  istam  venit  Johannes  ffaror  et  dat  pro  fine  pro  tenementis 

suis  ponendis  in  regia  strata  in.  s.  mi.  d.,  qui  condonatur  ad 
rogatum  fide  dignorum.  Et  dabit  annuatim  pro  eis  pro  [de] 
certo  redditu  ad  Curiam  legalem  nil.  d.  Computus  Ballivi,  etc. 
[Memorandum  quod  Rogerus  Lumbard  .  .  .  .]  * 

45  Edw.  3.          Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  ibidem  die  Lune  in  festo  Sancte  ffidis 
A.D.  1371.     Virginis  [45  Edw.  3]. 

Electio  offic'.  Senescallus.  Walterus  Wodeland. 

1  The  MS.  at  Guildford  has  the  account  in  full ;  it  is  quite  similar  to  that  of 
43  Edw.  Ill,  given  above. 


Proofs  anD  illustrations.          101 

Ballivus.  Joh.  Wodeland.  GUILDFORD. 

Clericus.  Joh.  Semer.  f0L  I96. 

f  Joh.  Wodeland. 
Custodes  Aule.       <  I  , 

( Joh.  Barber. 

[Memorandum  quod  traduntur  Waltero  Wodeland  Senescallo  F.  134. 
tres   carte   ville   Concernentes,   que   fuerunt   in   Custodia   Petri 
Semere.] 

Gilda  mercatoria  ibidem  tenta  [tenta  ibidem]  die  Lune  proxima  46  Edw.  3. 
post  festum  Sancte  Fidis  [46  Edw.  3].  A-D- 1372- 

Senescallus.  Hen.  Collas.  Electio  offic'. 

Ballivus.  Will.  Gallopyn. 

Clericus.  Joh.  Semer. 

f  Will.  Gallopyn, 

Custodes  Aule.       <  L  J 

(  Joh.  Barber. 

Computus  Ballivi,  etc.  Fines  ad  pascendum  Gildam  et  taurum, 
etc. 

[Memorandum  quod  Johannes  Wodeland,  qui  fuit  Ballivus 
ville  supradicte  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  Anno  XLVto  vsque  ad 
diem  lune  proximam  ante  ffestum  sancte  fidis  Anno  XLVito,  Idem 
Johannes  reddit  Computum  suum  de  xvi. //'.  x.  s.  i.d.  de  omnibus 
receptis  Anni  predicti,  vt  de  exitibus,  proficuis,  forisfacturis  et 
omnibus  aliis  receptis  et  pertinenciis  ad  dictam  villam  pertinenti- 
bus.  Inde  Computat  x.//.  solutas  domino  Regi  pro  firma,  et 
XL.J.  solutos  Comiti  Arundell',  et  XXVLJ.  viu.d.  Ballivo  et 
Clerico,  videlicet,  Cuilibet  eorum  xui.  s.  mi.  */.,  etc. ;  et  sic  dicta 
villa  quieta  est  erga  dominum  Regem  de  Anno  predicto,  etc. 
Item  petit  allocari  ....  pro  amerciamento  Johannis  Golden  et 
de  vi.  d.  pro  amerciamento  Johannis  Brocas  et  de  u.d.  pro 
amerciamento  molendini  de  Cheleworth,  etc.  Et  pro  ....  pro 
moneta  Scocie  vi.  s.  vm.  d.  Et  de  redditibus  de  Lymhost 
{?  Lyndhursi\  etc. 

Item  appereth  that  Peter  At  Woode  paide  x.  s.t  vt  liber  sit. 

Item  Rob.  At  Mere  ad  pascendum  Gildam  et  de  fine  certo 

xui.  s.  mi.  d.,  et  Cursu  Tauri,  etc.]  F-  T35- 

47  Edw.  3. 
Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  ibidem  die  Lune  proxima  post  ffestum  A  D  ig_3 

Sancti  Michaelis  [47  Edw.  3]. 


Cfre 


GUILDFORD. 


Electio  offic'. 


F.  136. 


fol.  196  b. 

48  Edw.  3. 
A.D.  1374. 

Electio  officV 


Custodes  Aule. 


Senescallus.  Henr.  Collas. 

Ballivus.  Thomas  Lumbard. 

T  "u   c 

Clencus.  Job.  Semer. 

(Thomas  Lumbard, 

1  -,'«', 

I  J  oh.  Barber. 

Memorandum  quod  Will.  Gallopyn  qui  fuit  Ballivus  ville  pre- 
dicte  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  Anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tertii  46°, 
vsque  diem  Lune  proximam  post  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  sequens, 
Anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tertii  XLVII°,  Idem  Willielmus  reddit 
computum  de  xvi.  //.  xim.  d.  de  omnibus  receptis  predictis,  vt  de 
exitibus,  proficuis,  amerciamentis  Curie,  redditibus,  forisfacturis, 
receptis  Aule  et  omnibus  aliis  receptis  ad  predictam  villam  per- 
tinentibus.  Vnde  idem  Willielmus  solvit  domino  Regi  x.  //.  pro 
firma  dicte  ville,  et  Comiti  Arundel'  pro  tertia  parte  predicte  ville 
XL.  s.,  et  xxvi.  s.  viii.  d.  pro  Stipendio  Ballivi  et  Clerici,  videlicet, 
cuilibet  eorum  xm.  s.  mi.  d.  Item  pro  diversis  amerciamentis 
que  non  possunt  levari  uu.s.  x.<£  Et  sic  remanent  ad  proficuum 
ville  de  claro  xxvu.  .$-.  x.  d.  ob.  Et  predicta  villa  erga  dominum 
Regem  quieta  est,  quia  Willielmus  Gallopyn  per  istum  computum 
tenetur  solvere,  etc.,  preterea  de  predictis  xxvu.  s.  x.  d.  ob.  solvit 
idem  Willielmus  pro  vna  lagena  vini  x.  d.  Et  sic  remanent  de 
claro  xxvii.  s.  ob.  [inde  solvit],  etc.  [Fines  pro  Tauro  et  Jan- 
taculo,  etc.]  l 

Memorandum  quod  die  Lune  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis,  Anno  47°,  Johannes  Barber  et  Thomas  Lumbard 
reddunt  computum  suum  de  xvn.  s.  vm.  d.,  de  Collectione  pro 
expensis  Clericorum  de  mercatis  tarn  inter  extraneos  quam  pro- 
prios.  Inde  Computant  solvisse  Nicholao  Hostiler  pro  expensis 
eorum  ix.  s.  vm.  d.  ob.  Item  solvisse  Thome  Couls  [Couks]  pro 
vno  Pisce  vocato  Gurnard  vi.  d.  Et  sic  de  aliis  [etc.].  Summa 
solucionis  xvn.  s.  vn.  d.  ob.  Et  remanet  ob. 

Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  [ibidem]  die  Lune  proxima  post  ffestum 
Sancti  Michaelis  [48  Edw.  3], 

Senescallus.  ...... 


1  The  Guildford  MS.  here  gives  two  entries  of  fines  paid  by  P.  Atwood  and 
Rob.  At  Mere. 


ann  3[llustraticms*  103 

Ballivus.  Will.  Kent.  GUILDFORD. 

Clericus.  Joh.  Semer. 

( Will.  Kent, 
Custodes  Aule.       <  n 

(  Joh.  Barber. 

Computus  Ballivi.  Inter  alia  solvit  Rogero  Lumbard,  eo  quod 
fuit  Burgensis,  vi.s.,  etc. 

[Memorandum  quod  T.  Lumbard  Ballivus  Reddit  Computum 
...  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  Anno  XLVIII°  per  vnum  annum, 
videlicet,  de  . .  .  vt  de  exitibus,  proficuis,  amerciamentis  Curie, 
Redditibus,  forisfacturis,  et  omnibus  aliis  receptis  ad  dictam 
villam  pertinentibus ;  vnde  petit  allocari  de  x.  //".  solutis  domino 
Regi  pro  firma  ville  predicte,  et  sic  de  aliis,  etc. ;  et  remanent  de 
Claro  xin.  s.  vi.d. ;  inde  solvit  Rogero  Lumbard,  eo  quod  fuit  F.  137, 
burgensis,  vi.  s.t  etc. 

Venit  Henr.  Jop  et  invenit  plegios  ad  inveniendum  Gildam 
suam  vt  liber  sit,  videlicet,  Walterum  Galapyn,  Johannem  Wode- 
land  et  Johannem  Semere,  et  dabit  de  fine  ...  ad  festum  pasche 
proximo  futurum,  et  dabit  Ludum  Tauri  et  Jantaculum  ad  .  .  .] 

Gilda  Mercatoria  tenta  [ibidem]  die  Lune  proxima  post  festum  49  Edw-  3« 
Sancti  Michaelis  [49  Edw.  3].  A-D- 1375' 

Senescallus.  Henr.  Collas.  Electio  offic'* 

Ballivus.  Rob.  Atmere. 

Clericus.  Joh.  Semer. 

-  f  Joh.  Atmere, 
Custodes  Aule. 

( Joh.  Barber. 

In  compute  l  Ballivi  continetur  inter  alia  vt  sequitur,  videlicet, 
Item  pro  moneta  Scotie  computanda  xx.j.  Item  in  omnibus 
expensis  die  visus  et  Curie  legalis,  etc.,  de  Brongavell  Johannes 
Baw  et  Rogerus  Baw  xvm.  d.>  de  molendino  de  East  Shalford 
mi.  d.,  etc,  [cum  multis  aliis.] 

Gilda  mercatoria  tenta  [ibidem]  die  Lune  in  festo  Sancte  Fidis  5°  Edw.  3. 
virginis  [50  Edw.  3].  A*.ifl87* 

Senescallus.  Henr.  Collas.  Electio  offic', 

1  This  and  the  following  *  computus '  of  50  Edw.  Ill  are  given  more  fully 
in  the  Guildford  MS.,  which,  however,  does  not  contain  the  '  Computus  Custo- 
dum  Aule '  of  50  Edw.  III. 


104 

GUILDFORD.  Ballivus.  Rob.  Atmere. 

Clericus.  Joh.  Semer. 

Custodes  Aule.          

In  compute  Pro  moneta  Scotie  xx.  s.  Et  de  xxvu.  s.  vin.  d.  de  expensis 
e^demanno.  Curie  nundinarum,  Curie  legalis,  visus,  pergamene,  et  aliis 
minutis  expensis.  Et  de  xx.  d.  pro  [de]  fura  [fultura]  porte  apud 
Frerengate.  Et  de  n.  s.  mi.  d.  de  fura  parietis  aule.  Et  de  amer- 
ciamento  molendini  de  Stoke  mi.  d.  Et  de  expensis  hominum 
Communitatis  pro  ponte  de  Shalford  [vn.  s.  vni.  d.].  Et  de  vno 
potello  vini  v.  d.,  etc.  [et  sic  remanent  LVI.  s.  i.  d.  ob.,  inde  solvit, 
etc.]. 

Computus  Custodum  Aule.  Finis  pro  Gilda  habenda,  Tauro,  etc. 


There  is  a  break  in  the  records  from  50  Edward  III  to  14  Henry 

FF.  146-156.  IV.  From  14  Henry  IV  to  9  Henry  V  the  entries  begin  as 
above, — 'Gilda  mercatoria  tenta,'  etc.  The  'Senescallus'  is  super- 
seded by  a  'Maior.'  The  other  officers  are  a  Bailiff,  Clerk,  two 
Hall-wardens  and  two  Bridge-wardens.  Admissions  to  the  Gild 
are  recorded  under  the  years  i,  2  and  6  Henry  V;  the  account 
of  the  Bridge-wardens,  under  14  Henry  IV  and  4  Henry  V,  and 
that  of  the  Bailiff,  2  Henry  V.  The  latter  speaks  of  'Summa 
Aule  et  gardini  simul  cum  Collectione  custume,  xxvin.  s.  in.  d? 

ff.  197-198.  From  i  Henry  VI 1  to  10  Henry  VII  the  entries  in  the  British 
Museum  transcript  consist  merely  of  the  names  of  the  mayor  and 
bailiff.  The  old  title  '  Senescallus  '  appears  once  more  8  Henry 

ff.  199  £-202.  VI.  During  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII,  the  entries  are  occasionally 
fuller  and  are  generally  headed, — '  Curia  legalis  tenta  die  Lune 
proxima  post  festum  Sancti  Hillarii,'  or  '  At  the  Lawday  holden 
on  Monday,'  etc.  Admissions  to  the  Gild  occur  under  the  years 
n,  13,  15  and  20  Henry  VII,  13  Henry  VIII,  3  and  18  Eliza- 
beth. 

Of  these  later  entries  the  following  comprise  all  that  are  of 
interest  for  the  study  of  the  Gild  : — 

6  Henr.  5.          '  Willielmus  Tingwike  ex  assensu  totius  communitatis  Gilde 

The  extracts  from  i  Henry  VI  onward  were  probably  taken  from  the  old 
'  Red  Book/  spoken  of  by  Austen. 


Proofs  ant)  3(llustration&  105 

mercatorie  admissus  est  ad  eandem  Gildam.     Et  invenit  plegios  GUILDFORD. 
ad  pascendum  Gildam  mercatoriam,  et  de  Tauro  et  Jentaculo,  Ai^7i4i8 
prout  moris  est,  inveniendo.     Et  dat  de  fine  pro  libertate  habenda  fol  lgtj  bm 
vi.  s.  viii.  d.     Et  invenit  plegios  de  fine  et  Jentaculo  Thomas  F.  152. 
Stoughton  et  Johannes  Atlee.' 

'Johannes  Wheler,  Maior.    Johannes  Parkyns  senior,  Ballivus.  ZI  Henr.  7. 
Thomas    Martyn,    Clericus.     Johannes    Parkyns    et    Johannes  foL  J99- 
Shyngleton  admissi  sunt  ad  Gildham  et  Jurati  \sunf\.     For  all 
the  tyme  past  Bridge-wardens  and  Hall-wardens  were  chosen  at 
the  Gild  merchant.     Att  this  Gild  Constables  &  Ale-tasters  were 
chosen.' 

'  Thomas  Oliver  &  George  Parkehurst  were  sworne  to  beare  4  Henr.  8. 

fol.   I GO  b. 

scott  &  Lott  of  the  free  Gild  of  the  same  Towne. 

Thomas    Blank,   Maior.     Joh.    Ockley,   Ballivus.     Stephanus  5  Hear.  8. 
Stacker,  Clericus.     Curia  legalis  tenta  die  Lune   proxima  post  A-D- 1514- 
festum  Sancti  Hillarii.     Memorandum  quod  anno  regni  Henrici 
3  quinto,  Tertio  die  mensis  Aprilis,  venit  Johannes  Andrew  de 
ffarnham  Chapman  et  dat  pro  libertate  et  fine  suo  ad  occupandum 
et  vendendum  diebus  mercati  infra  Burgum  predictum  v.s.     Et 
sic  admissus  est.     Constitution  that  noe  person  shall  cast  out  any 
Caryon  (except  it  be  buryed)  vpon  payne  of  xx.*/.  to  the  Hall. 

Thomas  Tanner,  Maior.     Thomas  Oliver,  Baillivus.     Severall  6  Henr.  8. 
persons  were  then  elected  to  bayt  the  Bull;   also  to  pay  XX..T.  A.D.  1515. 
apiece ;  this  to  be  done  on  Monday  next  after  the  ffeast  of  St. 
Martyn,  the  Bishop. — Att  the  Lawday  holden  on  Monday  next 
after  the  ffeast  of  St.  Hillary,  All  the  weights  &  measures  belong- 
ing to  the  Hall,  were  presented  before  Thomas  Tanner,  Mayor.' 

A  manuscript  volume  in  the  town  archives  at  Guildford,  con- 
sisting of  169  pages  and  extending  from  28  Eliz.  to  27  Charles 
II  \  contains  the  proceedings  of  the  '  Gilda  Mercatoria '  and  the 
'  Curia  legalis.'  The  former  was  the  court  ('  ad  hanc  curiam ') 
held  on  the  Monday  next  after  Michaelmas,  when  such  officers 
as  the  mayor,  bailiff,  clerk,  coroner,  sergeants-at-mace,  and  later 
the  civic  justice  of  the  peace  were  elected.  The  '  curia  legalis ' 
(Law-day)  was  held  yearly  the  Monday  next  after  the  feast  of 

1  Compiled  by  John  Champion,  Town  Clerk  of  Guildford,  temp.  Jac.  II. 


GUILDFORD.  St.  Hilary,  when  the  constables,  *  decennarii,  gustatores  carnis  et 
piscium,  scrutatores  et  sigillatores  corii,  gustatores  panis  et  cer- 
visie,'  etc.  were  elected.  Otherwise  it  is  difficult  to  detect  any 
difference  between  the  two  courts,  the  same  kind  of  business 
being  apparently  transacted  at  both.  Occasionally  there  are 
admissions  to  the  Gild,  or  to  the  freedom  both  at  Hilary  and 
Michaelmas1,  the  two  expressions  'admissus  ad  gildam'  (or 
1  admitted  to  the  fraternity ')  and  '  was  made  freemen  '  being  used 
synonymously,  the  latter  gradually  superseding  the  former.  These 
freemen  become  more  numerous  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II,  and 
are  generally  knights,  lords  and  other  men  of  distinction. 

There  is  another  small  folio  volume  at  Guildford,  bound  in 
vellum,  with  the  title  'Court  Book,  1725-1750.'  The  entries  are 
quite  similar  to  those  just  described,  but  '  curia  legalis '  and 
' gilda  mercatoria '  are  not  so  carefully  distinguished,  most  of  the 
entries  both  at  Hilary  and  Michaelmas  beginning  simply,  'at  a 
court  of  our  lord  the  king  held,'  etc.  But  when  there  is  an 
election  of  officers,  the  difference  between  Gild  merchant  and 
Law-day  above  mentioned  is  still  perceptible.  The  last  allusion 
to  the  Gild  in  this  volume  occurs  in  the  year  1749. 

HABTLEPOOL. 

Richard  Poor,  Bishop  of  Durham,  granted  the  burgesses  of 
Hartlepool  a  Gild  Merchant  (A.D.  1230): — 'Volumus  etiam  et 
concedimus  quod  dicti  Burgenses  habeant  libertatem  de  majore 
habendo  et  Gildam  mercatoriam,  sicut  alii  Burgenses  habent 
melius  et  honorabilius  in  Burgis  Domini  regis  in  Anglia.' — 
(Sharp,  HartL,  p.  68,  App.  p.  i.)  This  was  confirmed  by  royal 
charters  of  19  Henry  III  and  39  Edward  III. — (Petyt  MS.,  i.  362.) 

April  15,  1673.  '  It  is  ordered  at  a  general  guild  that  whoso- 
ever he  be  of  any  merchant  trade  or  house-carpenter,  joyner,  ship- 
carpenter,  draper,  taylors,  plumers,  glasiers,  cordiners,  butchers, 
glovers,  and  skinners,  whitesmiths,  blacksmiths,  wallers,  wine 
coopers,  tallow  chandlers,  et  alias  that  shall  presume  to  come 

1  Ff.  47,  60,  91,  95,  109  b,  no,  147,  168  b,  etc. 


proofs  ano  31Uu0tration&  107 

in  and  within  the  liberty  of  this  corporation,  to  trade  or  occupye  HARTLEPOOL, 
any  such  trade  without  the  liberty  or  consent  off  any  such  who 
are  injoyned,  to  the  prejudice  of  the  free  trades  and  companyes 
within  the  corporation,  as  now  is  ordered  for  the  good  off  the 
free  burgesses  and  inhabitants  theiroff,  and  for  the  better  pre- 
servation off  all  the  companyes  and  incouragement  of  them,  to 
them  and  their  successors  for  ever  hereafter,  we  doe  hereby 
order  and  have  fully  agreed  upon,  that  whatsoever  he  be  that 
shall  com  within  the  corporation  aforesaid,  shall  pay  to  the  use  off 
the  major  and  burgesses  of  this  towne  for  every  such  time  soe 
offending  as  he  or  they  shall  trade,  complent  being  made  by 
one  or  two  more  of  the  companys  aforesaid  to  the  major  and 
burgesses,  for  every  such  offense  x.s.'  The  companies  shall 
from  time  to  time  meet  and  make  laws  for  the  better  encourage- 
ment of  their  trades.  Anyone  making  any  'brash '  to  the  damage 
of  any  company  shall  pay  to  the  warden  of  such  company  for 
every  such  offence  over  and  above  the  fine  above  mentioned  x.s. 
-(Sharp,  84.) 

Oct.  i,  1716.  The  'guild  jury'  having  pointed  out  the  ruinous 
condition  of  the  church  and  town  walls,  it  is  ordered  that  the 
yearly  treat  of  the  mayor  be  discontinued,  and  the  accustomed 
cess  for  that  purpose  be  used  to  repair  the  said  church,  etc. — 
(Ibid.,  89.) 

Mayor's  accounts  1725. — The  Mayor's  Dinner  at  Michaelmas 
£104^.  gd.  The  Guild  Dinner  £7  18^.,  etc. — (Ibid.,  90.) 

HEDON. 

A  royal  charter  of  22  Edward  III  conceded  to  the  burgesses  A.D.  1348. 
of  Hedon,  among  other  liberties : — '  Quod  iidem  Burgenses  et 
eorum  heredes  et  successores  Communitatem  inter  se  habeant, 
et  Majorem  et  Ballivos,  Coronatorem  et  alios  ministros  ydoneos 

de  seipsis  eligere  et  creare  possint  annuatim [No  pleas  to 

be  held  without  the  walls ;  the  burgesses  to  be  quit  of  toll,  etc., 
etc.]  Omnes  in  predicta  villa  habitantes  et  habitaturi,  mercandisas 
ibidem  exercentes  et  libertatibus  predictis  gaudere  volentes,  sint 


HEDON.  in  gilda,  lotto  et  scotto  cum  Burgensibus  predictis,  in  tallagiis, 
contributionibus  et  aliis  oneribus  communibus  totam  communi- 

tatem  ville  predicte  tangentibus Et  quod  habeant  gildam 

mercatoriam  et  hansas  suas  in  villa  predicta.'  —  (Petyt  MS.,  i. 
336-342;  Paulson,  Holderness,  ii.  in.) 

HELSTON. 

'Whereas  Richard,  Earl  of  Picardy  and  Cornwall,  did  by  his 
letters  patent  grant  unto  the  burgesses  of  Helston,  that  they 
should  have  all  such  liberties  and  customs  as  were  before  that 
time  granted  and  used,  and  that  they  then  had,  by  the  letters 
patent  of  King  John1,  in  the  2nd  year  of  his  reign,  inter 
alia,  Gildam  mercatore  (sic) ;  and  after  the  said  Richard,  by  his 
letters  patent,  dated  the  24th  Henry  III 2  granted  to  the  bur- 
gesses of  Liskerrett,  that  they  should  enjoy  all  such  liberties  and 
free  customs  as  he  had  granted  to  the  burgesses  of  Helston; 
and  for  that  the  said  gild  merchant  court  is  a  court  of  brother- 
hood, for  the  determination  of  all  contracts  and  matters  amongst 
them  by  speedy  trial,  and  in  avoidance  of  great  charges,  vexations 
and  foreign  trials;  and  that  the  same  court  shall  be  hereafter, 
by  the  consent  of  the  mayor  and  of  all  the  burgesses  of  Liskerret 
aforesaid,  confirmed  de  tribus  septimanis  in  tres  (every  three 
weeks)  in  the  afternoon  of  the  day  of  the  pleading  court  for 
foreigns,  to  be  holden  before  the  mayor  or  his  deputy  and  two 

of  his  brethren  at  least,  by  the  name  of  the  Burgess  Court.     The 
\ 

form  and  causes  of  trial  are  as  followeth  : '  trespass,  debt,  agree- 
ment broken,  so  the  same  do  not  concern  the  title  of  lands  nor 
exceed  the  sum  of  £5. — (Allen,  Liskeard,  265-266.) 3 

HENLEY-ON-THAMES. 

The  following  is  extracted  from  an  inquisition  taken  after  the 
A.D.  1300.      death    of  Edmund,    Earl    of    Cornwall : — '  Manerium   et   villa 

1  Rot.  Chart.,  93  ;  Stubbs,  Select  Charters,  305. 

2  Petyt  MS.,  i.  345-348,  gives  this  charter  in  a  confirmation  of  10  Edward  III. 

3  This  record  is  apparently  of  the  time  of  Elizabeth.     Allen  took  it  from 
the  '  constitution  book '  of  Liskeard. 


Proofs  anti  3IHustration&  109 

de   Henlee    tenuit   de   domino   Rege   in  capite,  sed  per  quod  HENLEY-ON- 

...  ,,  .    ...  ,  AT  THAMES. 

servicmm  ignorant Item  est  ibi  quedam  customa  Mer-       

catorum  que  vocatur  Gilde  Silver,  et  valet  per  annum  13^.  <\d. 
Item  est  ibi  quoddam  [proficuum  or  tributum]  mercatorum 
cujus  tolnetum  valet  per  annum  15^.' — (Burn,  Henley,  229-230.) 

This  Gild  Silver  was  probably  '  money  received  from  non- 
freemen  for  permission  to  trade  in  the  town.  Some  early  charter 
perhaps  contained  a  grant  of  a  "  Gild  Merchant."  Gilde  Silver 
is  elsewhere  called  "a  certain  tribute  of  the  Merchants.'" — (Ibid., 
230.) 

A  warden  of  the  Gild  of  Henley  is  mentioned  in  deeds  of 
1359  and  1405. — (Ibid.,  324;  Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  71.) 

HEKEFOBD. 

The  Gild  Merchant  of  Hereford  was  confirmed  by  charters  of 
17  John,  ii  Henry  III,  8  Edw.  II  and  17  Jac.  I1. 

Among  the  liberties  which  a  jury  ascribed  to  Hereford  in  the 
year  1154,  we  find  the  subjoined: — 'Also  we  use  amongst  our- 
selves that  no  man,  of  what  state  or  condition  soever,  shall  not 
make  any  merchandise,  nor  have  our  common  letter  or  test  for 
any  matter  touching  himself,  unless  he  be  in  scot  and  lot  with 
our  citizens  [of  the]  gilda  mercatoria,.  or  freemen  of  the  city  as  _ 
touching  the  selling  of  his  merchandise,  and  unless  he  shall  be 
dwelling  in  the  same  city  with  his  wife ;  and  first  of  all  shall  have 
himself  with  his  goods  and  chattels,  viz.  uprising  and  down  lying. 
And  this  custom  ought  and  was  wont  to  be  published  at  the 
two  principal  inquisitions  twice  a  year.'  —  (Archaeol.  Assoc., 
Journal,  vol.  27,  p.  466.) 2 

The  following  was  certified  by  the  Bailiffs  of  Hereford  to  the 
Mayor    and    Bailiffs    of    Rhuddlan,    22    Edw.    Ill: — '  Gives  A.D.  1348. 
Herfordie  possunt  recipere  in  gildam  suam  Gallicos,  Wallenses, 

1  Rot.  Chart.,  212 ;  Cal.  Rot.  Chart.,  35 ;  Petyt  MS.,  i.  352-359;  Duncumb, 
Hereford,  i.  358. 

2  Cf.  Johnson,  Anc.  Customs  of  Heref.,  18 ;  Duncumb,  Hereford,  i.  323.    The 
latter  version  has : — '  unlesse  he  be  in  scott  and  lott  with  our  cittizens  in  the 
merchant-hall  for  making  merchandize,'  etc. 


no  Cfie  ®tlD  figjercfmnt, 

HEREFORD.  Scotos  &  quoscunque  alios  qui  sunt  de  fide  &  ligeancia  Domini 
Regis  Anglie,  ita  quod  moram  faciant  in  dicta  Civitate  vel 
Suburbio  ejusdem,  &  solvant  Loth  &  Scoth  cum  dictis  Civibus 
supradictis.' — (Wotton,  Leges  Wallicae,  517.) 

In  or  about  1497  it  was  ordered  at  a  law-day  that  every  person 
c  admitted  guild  merchant '  of  the  city  should  pay  upon  admission 
20.$-.,  and  25.  to  the  king's  officers.  No  foreigner  or  stranger  was 
to  retail  any  manner  of  merchandise  within  the  city  unless 
'  admitted  free  by  the  wardens  of  such  craft.' — (Johnson,  Ancient 
Customs,  83.) 

'  To  the  right  worshipful  Thomas  Church,  mayor  of  the  cittie 
of  Hereford,  his  brethren  the  aldermen  and  the  three  enquests. 
We  your  neighbors  and  co-citizens  of  the  cittie  of  Hereford 
freemen  and  guild  merchants  of  the  same,  most  humbly  come, 
complaining  and  showing  unto  your  worships,  that  whereas  there 
hath  bene  an  ancient  custome  time  out  of  mind  within  the 
same  that  no  porter  shall  summon  or  presume  to  arrest  anie 
freemen  or  guild  merchant  within  the  same  cittie '.  . . .  Porters 
now  violate  this  custom,  etc.,  etc.1 — (Ibid.,  79.) 

In  1619  James  I  granted  the  citizens  of  Hereford  'a  Gild 
of  Merchants  with  a  ^ianse  and  all  customs  thereto  belonging,  so 
that  none,  unless  in  the  time  of  markets  and  fairs,  who  are  not 
free  of  the  Gild,  should  merchandise  in  the  city,  unless  at  the 
will  of  the  common  council.'  '  That  no  inhabitant  there  should 
maintain  any  liberties  or  franchises  within  the  city,  suburbs  and 
liberties,  unless  he  were  a  citizen  in  the  Gild  of  Merchants  there, 
continually  residing  and  conversant  with  the  city,  suburbs  and 
liberties.' — (Merew.  and  Stephens,  1496.) 

HULL. 

Elizabeth  dei  gracia,  etc.  Omnibus  ad  quos  presentes  littere 
peruenerint  Salutem.  Cum  villa  nostra  de  Kyngeston  super 
Hull'  ac  portus  eiusdem  ville  per  rabiem  aque  de  Humber,  qui 
est  brachium  maris,  invndantis  et  reuerberantis  super  Wallias  et 

1  Probably  temp,  Henry  VIII. 


proofs  anti  3[Husttations.          m 

fossata  ibidem  pro  defensione  erecta,  in  tantum  decasum  et  HULL 
desolacionem  deuenit  quod  Maior  et  Burgenses  uille  nostre 
predicte  de  facultatibus  suis  tantam  desolacionem  ville  predicte 
et  portus  illius  subuenire  non  possunt,  neque  remedium  congruum 
adhibere,  nisi  per  nos  eisdem  citius  succurratur,  hinc  est  quod  ad 
bona  gratuita  et  vtilia  seruicia  ac  obsequia  per  Maiorem  et 
Burgenses  ville  predicte  ad  eorum  labores,  sumptus  et  onera 
maxima  nobis  et  progenitoribus  nostris  impensa,  et  presertim 
nobis  in  vltima  Rebellione  in  partibus  borialibus  exhibita,  et 
etiam  ad  labores,  sumptus  et  onera  grandia  que  ipsi  circa  salua- 
cionem,  tuicionem  et  defencionem  portus  predicti  ac  castri  nostri 
et  fortificationis  nostre  ibidem  sustinuerunt,  et  indies  sustinent, 
consideracionem  habentes,  ac  volentes  proinde  graciose  agere 
cum  eisdem  quo  ipsi  maximum  dicte  ville  et  portus  detrimentum 
amouere  et  tantam  maris  rabiem  et  inundacionem  facilius  pro- 
pellere  possint,  de  gracia  nostra  speciali  ac  ex  certa  sciencia  et 
mero  motu  nostris  concedimus  et  licenciam  damus,  pro  nobis, 
heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  maiore  et  Burgensibus  ville 
nostre  de  Kingston  super  Hull'  predicte  et  eorum  successoribus 
imperpetuum,  quod  nullus  extraneus  neque  forinsecus  a  libertate 
ville  predicte  decetero  emat  ab  alio  extraneo  vel  forinseco  a 
libertate  ville  predicte  seu  vendat  alicui  alii  extraneo  vel  forinseco 
a  libertate  ville  illius  infra  villam  illam  aliquas  mercandisas  seu 
aliquas  alias  res  quascumque  nisi  solumodo  tempore  mercatorum 
siue  nundinarum  infra  villam  predictam  imposterum  tenendorum, 
sale  et  piscibus  tantummodo  exceptis,  sub  pena  forisfacture  mer- 
candisarum  et  rerum  predictarum  contra  formam  predictam 
emptarum  siue  venditarum,  emendarum  seu  vendendarum,  ad 
vsum  Maioris  et  Burgensium  ville  predicte  et  successorum  suorum 
conuertendarum.  Et  quod  possunt  ponere  in  seisinam  absque 
compoto  seu  aliquo  alio  nobis,  heredibus  seu  successoribus 
nostris  reddendo,  soluendo  seu  faciendo.  Ac  vlterius  de  vberiori 
gracia  nostra  ac  ex  certa  sciencia  et  mero  motu  nostris  conces- 
simus  et  plenam  potestatem  et  auctoritatem  dedimus  ac  per 
presentes  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  conce- 
dimus et  potestatem  et  auctoritatem  damus  dilectis  et  fidelibus 


HULL,  ligeis  et  Burgensibus  nostris  mercatoribus  ville  nostre  de  Kinge- 
ston  super  Hull'  predicte,  ac  per  presentes  volumus  ac  ordinamus 
ac  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  constituimus  et 
declaramus  quod  ipsi  ligei  et  Burgenses  nostri  ville  predicte 
mercatores  existentes  de  cetero  sint  et  erunt  vnum  corpus  cor- 
poratum  et  politicum  de  se  in  re,  facto  et  nomine  et  vna  com- 
munitas  perpetua  et  corporata  de  gubernatore,  assistentibus  et 
societate  mercatorum  inhabitancium  in  villa  de  Kingston  super 

Hull' [to  have  perpetual  succession ;  power  to  plead  and 

be  impleaded  by  the  name  of  'the  governor,  assistants  and 
society  of  merchants  inhabiting  the  town  of  Kingston-upon-HulP; 
to  have  a  common  seal ;  to  make  ordinances  for  the  government 
of  the  society ;  to  have  a  council  hall  in  which  to  assemble  and 
make  laws ;  annually  to  elect  a  governor  and  six  assistants ;  to 
be  able  to  acquire  and  dispose  of  lands  and  tenements  not 
exceeding  £30  yearly  value.]  Ac  pro  et  in  consideracione  quod 
predicta  villa  de  Kingeston  super  Hull'  ac  inhabitantes  et  bur- 
genses  eiusdem  ville  per  commercia  et  mercandizas  et  industriam, 
labores  et  facultates  mercatorias  predictas  manutenentur,  suppor- 
tantur  et  sustinentur,  ac  eciam  in  consideracione  magne  pauperi- 
tatis  et  decasus  dictorum  mercatorum  per  multa  infortunita  maris 
et  piratic  eis  accidencia  et  eveniencia, — Nos  considerantes  nimiam 
pauperitatem,  decasum  et  ruinam  dictorum  mercatorum  eis  indies 
euenientes  et  contingentes  eorumque  fidelitatem  et  fidelia  obse- 
quia  ad  eorum  sumptus  et  onera  non  modica  nobis  continue 
exhibita,  et  aliis  consideracionibus  nos  specialiter  mouentibus,  de 
gracia  nostra  speciali  et  ex  certa  sciencia  et  mero  motu  nostris 
pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  concessimus  et 
licenciam  damus  prefatis  gubernatori,  assistentibus  et  societati 
et  eorum  successoribus  quod  nullus  Burgensis  seu  Habitans  infra 
villam  de  Kingeston  super  Hull'  predictam  qui  non  sit  aut  non 
voluerit  esse  liberum  seu  membrum  corporis  aut  societatis  pre- 
dicte gubernatoris,  assistencium  et  societatis  predictorum,  de 
cetero  mercandizabit  nee  intromittet  cum  aliquibus  mercandizis 
siue  mercimoniis  ex  partibus  transmarinis  deferendis  seu  por- 
tandis,  aut  exerceat  aliqua  commercia  ville  seu  portus  ad  vel 


proofs  ann  3[llustration&          n3 

versus  partes  transmarinas  aut  regnum  Scotie  aut  a  partibus  trans-  HULL. 
marinis  aut  a  dicto  regno  Scotie  ad  vel  versus  villam  seu  portum 
predictum,  nee  ad  aliquas  libertates  seu  priuilegia  predicta  per 
presentes  concessa  habenda,  exercenda  seu  obtinenda  admit- 
tantur  seu  eorum  aliquis  admittatur  nisi  ad  voluntatem  et  per 
admissionem  gubernatoris,  assistencium  et  societatis  predictorum, 
sub  pena  forisfacture  omnium  huiusmodi  mercandizarum,  mer- 
cemoniarum  et  rerum  predictarum  ad  vsum  predictorum  guberna- 
toris, assistencium  et  societatis  conuertendarum.  Et  quod  ipsi  et 
successores  sui  de  tempore  in  tempus  per  ministros  suos  aut 
eorum  aliquem  se  inde  possunt  ponere  in  seisinam  absque  com- 
poto  seu  aliquo  alio  nobis,  heredibus  seu  successoribus  nostris 
reddendo,  soluendo  seu  faciendo.  Prouiso  tamen  semper  quod 
si  aliqua  persona  sive  alique  persone  Burgensis  seu  Burgenses  de 
Kingeston  super  Hull'  predicta  existens  vel  existentes  et  exercens 
siue  occupans,  exercentes  siue  occupantes  aliquam  artem,  nego- 
ciacionem,  misteriam  siue  occupacionem  mercandiziam  admitti 
petierint  vel  desiderauerint  vel  petierit  seu  desiderauerit  in  dictam 
societatem,  incorporatam  per  nomen  gubernatoris,  assistencium 
et  societatis  mercatorum  inhabitancium  in  villa  de  Kingston  super 
Hull',  et  voluerit  siue  voluerint  recusare  et  cessare  eius  vel  eorum 
artem,  misteriam  et  occupacionem,  et  eciam  voluerit  siue  volu- 
erint exercere  et  occupare  artem  siue  negociacionem  mercatoris 
tantum,  obseruare,  tenere  et  perimplere  omnia  et  singula  talia 
actus  et  ordinaciones  qualia  per  predictos  gubernatorem,  assis- 
tentes  et  societatem  de  tempore  in  tempus  ordinata,  facta  et 
stabilita  fuerunt,  sunt  aut  erunt,  quod  tune  died  gubernator, 
assistentes  et  societas  eum  eosve  in  dictam  societatem  admittent 
et  allocabunt  pro  et  durante  toto  tempore  quo  nullam  aliam 
artem,  misteriam  siue  occupacionem  preter  mercandiziam  tantum 
exercebit  siue  exercebunt.  Prouiso  eciam  semper  quod  huius 
concessions  nostre  pretextu  conventus  et  tractatus  inter  nos  et 
quosuis  principes  initi  et  conclusi  siue  imposterum  concludendi 
nullo  modo  violentur,  restringantur  aut  infringantur,  nee  eis  vlla 
in  parte  derogetur  aut  diminuatur,  quin  aliorum  .principum  sub- 
diti  de  tempore  in  tempus  tarn  libere  et  quiete  mercimonia  et 

i 


H4  €&e  ®tlD  sgjercfmnt 

HULL,  negociaciones  suas  in  predicta  villa  nostra,  prout  in  aliis  villis  et 
vrbibus  huius  regni  nostri,  iuxta  formam  et  tenorem  conventuum, 

concordatuum    et    tractatuum    predictorum    sine    perturbacione 

\ 

aut  molestacione  quacumque  exercere  possint  et  valeant,  con- 
cessione  nostra  predicta  non  obstante,  Eo  quod  expressa  mencio 
de  vero  valore  annuo  aut  certitudine  premissorum  aut  de  aliis 
donis  siue  concessionibus  per  nos  aut  progenitores  nostros  eisdem 
Maiori  et  Burgensibus  ac  successoribus  suis  antehac  tempora 
factis  in  presentibus  minime  facta  existit,  aut  aliquo  statuto,  actu, 
ordinacione  seu  prouicione  inde  incontrarium  facta,  edita,  ordi- 
nata  siue  prouisa,  aut  aliqua  alia  re,  causa  vel  materia  quacumque 
in  aliquo  non  obstante.  In  cuius  rei,  etc.  Teste  Regina  apud 
A.D.  1577.  Westm'  vndecimo  die  Maii.  Per  breve  de  priuato  Sigillo. — 
(Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  19  Eliz.,  pars  2,  mem.  39-41.) 

Besides  this  Society  of  Merchants  there  was  a  more  ancient 
Society  of  Merchant  Adventurers  of  Kingston-upon-Hull.  A 
Society  of  Merchants  of  St.  George  was  also  incorporated  15 
Henry  VIII. — (Frost ',  Notices  of  Hull,  37  and  App.  45.) 

IPSWICH. 

The  following  document,  copied  from  the  muniments  of 
Ipswich1,  throws  much  light  not  only  upon  the  Gild  Merchant 
but  also  upon  the  general  constitution  of  a  mediaeval  borough. 

1  This  document  is  taken  from  the  Domesday  Book  of  Ipswich.  Various 
Ipswich  records  bearing  this  name  are  to  be  distinguished.  The  original 
Domesday  Roll  was  stolen  from  the  corporation  of  Ipswich  in  the  year  56 
Henry  III.  A  jury  of  24  townsmen  then  made  a  second  Domesday  Book 
(19  Edw.  I),  which  has  also  been  lost.  But  two  official  copies  made  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  II  are  still  among  the  town  muniments,  and  a  third  transcript 
of  later  date  is  in  the  British  Museum.  The  New  or  Great  Domesday  of  Ips- 
wich was  compiled  in  the  year  1 2  Henry  VIII  and,  like  its  predecessors,  con- 
tains '  the  old  grauntes,  liberties,  ordynaunces,  lawes,  and  good  constitucions 
of  the  burgh.'  (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  pp.  222-223.)— The  record  of  the 
transactions  of  the  burgesses  in  the  year  2  John  is  to  be  found  in  the  Little 
Domesday  of  temp.  Edward  II  (ff.  77-81)  and,  with  certain  additions,  in 
'  Liber  Primus '  of  the  Great  Domesday.  These  additions  are  indicated  in  the 
text  by  brackets ;  otherwise  I  have  followed  the  wording  of  the  Little  Domes- 
day, which,  however,  differs  but  slightly  from  that  of  the  Great  Domesday. 


Proofs  ana  ^lustrations*  115 

[Capitulum  Primum.]  IPSWICH. 

[Johannes  Dei  gracia  Rex,  etc.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  et 
present!  carta  nostra  confirmasse  burgensibus  nostris  de  Gip- 
peswico  burgum  nostrum  de  Gippeswico  cum  omnibus  pertinen- 
ciis  suis  et  libertatibus  omnibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus  suis, 
tenendum  de  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris,  illis  et  heredibus  suis 
hereditarie,  reddendo  per  annum  rectam  et  solitam  firmam  ad 
terminum  Sancti  Michaelis  per  manum  Gippeswici  prepositi  ad 
scaccarium  nostrum,  et  c.  sol.  sterlingorum  numero  de  incre- 
mento  ad  eundum  terminum,  quos  reddere  solebant.  Conces- 
simus  eciam  quod  omnes  burgenses  de  Gippeswico  sint  quieti  de 
theloneo  et  stallagio,  lastagio,  passagio,  pontagio  et  omnibus 
aliis  consuetudinibus  per  totam  terram  nostram  et  per  portus 
maris.  Concessimus  eis  quod  nullus  eorum  placitet  extra  burgum 
Gippeswici  de  ullo  placito  preter  placita  de  tenuris  exterioribus, 
exceptis  ministris  nostris ;  et  quod  habeant  gildam  mercatoriam 
et  hansam  suam  ;  et  quod  nullus  hospitetur  nee  quicquam  per 
vim  capiat  infra  burgum  de  Gippeswico;  et  quod  terras  suas  et 
vadia  sua  et  omnia  debita  sua  juste  habeant,  quicumque  eis  ea 
debeant;  et  quod  de  terris  et  tenuris  suis  que  infra  burgum 
sunt,  rectum  eis  teneatur  secundum  consuetudinem  burgi 
Gippeswici  et  liberorum  burgorum  nostrorum ;  et  de  debitis  suis 
que  acomodata  fuerint  apud  Gippeswicum  et  de  vadiis  ibidem 
factis  placita  apud  Gippeswicum  teneantur ;  et  quod  nullus  eorum 
de  misericordia  pecunie  judicetur  nisi  secundum  legem  liberorum 
burgorum  nostrorum.  Prohibemus  eciam  quod  nemo  in  tota 
terra  nostra  theloneum,  nee  stallagium,  nee  aliquam  aliam  con- 
suetudinem ab  hominibus  Gippeswici  capiat  super  forisfacturam 
nostram  x.  librarum.  Quare  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus 
quod  predicti  burgenses  omnes  predictas  libertates  et  liberas 
consuetudines  habeant  et  teneant  bene  et  in  pace,  sicut  eas 
meliores  et  liberiores  habuerunt  vel  habent  ceteri  burgenses 
liberorum  burgorum  nostrorum  Anglie,  salvis  in  omnibus  civi- 
bus  nostris  London'  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus  suis. 
Preterea  volumus  et  concedimus  quod  iidem  burgenses  nostri 
per  commune  consilium  villate  sue  eligant  duos  de  legalioribus 

I   2 


IPSWICH,  et  discretioribus  hominibus  ville  sue,  et  presentent  eos  capital! 
justicie  nostre  ad  scaccarium  nostrum,  qui  bene  et  fideliter 
custodiant  preposituram  predict!  burgi  de  Gippeswico;  et  non 
amoveantur,  quamdiu  se  in  baillia  ilia  bene  gesserint,  nisi  per 
commune  consilium  predictorum  burgensium.  Volumus  eciam 
quod  in  eodem  burgo  per  commune  consilium  predictorum 
burgensium  eligantur  mi.  de  legalioribus  et  discretioribus 
hominibus  de  burgo  ad  custodiendum  placita  corone  et  alia  que 
ad  nos  et  ad  coronam  nostram  pertinent  in  eodem  burgo,  et  ad 
videndum  quod  prepositi  illius  burgi  juste  tractent  tarn  pauperes 
quam  diuites.  Hiis  testibus,  etc.  Datum  per  manus  G.  Wellen- 
A.D.  1200.  sis  archidiaconi,  etc.,  xxv.  die  Maii  anno  regni  nostri  primo1.] 

[Capitulum  Secundum.] 

fol.  77.  Hoc  est  transcriptum  Rotuli  facti  in  Gyppeswico  Anno  Regni 

Regis  Johannis  secundo  super  Statu  et  ordinacione  eiusdem  ville, 
prout  continetur  in  dicto  Rotulo,  qui  est  in  communi  Cista  ville 
memorate,  Et  qui  sic  incipit. 

In  Rotulo  de  modo  et  forma  pro  Balliuis  et  Coronatoribus  in 
Gippeswico  eligendis  secundum  formam  Carte  domini  Regis  Jo- 
hannis, videlicet : — Die  Jouis  proxima  post  festum  Natiuitatis  Sancti 

A.D.  1200.  Johannis  Baptiste  anno  Regni  Regis  Johannis  secundo  congregata 
est  tota  villata  Burgi  Gippeswici  in  Cimiterio  Beate  Marie  ad 
Turrim  ad  eligendum  duos  Balliuos  et  quatuor  Coronatores  in 
eodem  Burgo  secundum  formam  carte  predicte  domini  Regis, 
quam  idem  Rex  Burgensibus  Burgi  predicti  iam  de  novo  con- 
cessit ;  quo  die  iidem  Burgenses  de  communi  assensu  et  vna  voce 
elegerunt  duos  probos  et  legales  homines  villate  sue,  videlicet, 
Johannem  filium  Normanni  et  Willielmum  de  Belines,  qui  iurati 
sunt  ad  custodiendum  preposituram  predicti  Burgi,  Et  quod  bene 
et  fideliter  tractabunt  tarn  pauperes  quam  diuites. 

[Capitulum  Tercium.] 

Item  elegerunt  eodem  die  vna  voce  quatuor  Coronatores,  vide- 
licet, Johannem  filium  Normanni,  Will,  de  Belines,  Philippum 

1  In  Rot.  Chartarum,  p.  65,  this  charter  is  dated  '  xxv  die  Maii   anno  regni 
nostri  secundo.' 


proofs  ano  3[Hustratton&  117 

de  Porta  et  Rogerum  Lew,  qui  iurati  sunt  ad  custodienda  placita  IPSWICH. 
Corone  et  ad  alia  facienda,  que  ad  Coronam  pertinent  in  eodem 
Burgo,  et  ad  superuidendum  quod  predicti  Balliui  juste  et  legitime  fol.  77  b 
tractent  tarn  pauperes  quam  diuites. 

[Capitulum  Quartum.] 

Item  eodem  die  ordinatum  est  per  commune  consilium  dicte 
villate  quod  de  cetero  sint  in  Burgo  predicto  duodecim  Capitales 
Portmenni  iurati,  sicut  in  aliis  liberis  Burgis  Anglie  sunt,  et  quod 
habeant  plenam  potestatem  pro  se  et  tota  villata  ad  gubernandum 
et  manutenendum  predictum  Burgum  et  omnes  libertates  eiusdem 
Burgi,  et  ad  iudicia  ville  reddenda,  Ac  eciam  ad  omnia  [custo- 
dienda], ordinanda  et  facienda  in  eodem  Burgo,  que  fieri  debeant 
pro  statu  et  honore  ville  memorate.  Et  super  hoc  dictum  est 
per  Balliuos  et  Coronatores  predictos  quod  tota  villata  veniat  in 
Cymiterio  predicto,  die  dominica  proxima  post  festum  apostolorum 
Petri  et  Pauli  proximo  futurum,  ad  eligendum  predictos  xn. 
Capitales  Portmennos  secundum  formam  eiusdem  ordinacionis. 

[Capitulum  Quintum.] 

Die  Dominica  proxima  post  festum  Apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli 
Anno  supradicto  congregata  est  tota  villata  de  Gippeswico  coram 
Ballivis  et  Coronatoribus  eiusdem  ville  ad  eligendum  xn.  Capitales 
Portmannos  in  eadem  villa,  prout  prius  ordinatum  est.  Et  predicti 
Balliui  et  Coronatores  per  assensum  villate  eligunt  quatuor  probos 
et  legales  homines  de  qualibet  parochia  dicte  ville,  qui  iurati  sunt 
ad  eligendum  xn.  Capitales  Portmannos  de  melioribus,  discre- 
cioribus  ac  potencioribus  ville  predicte  ad  ordinandum  pro  statu 
ville,  ut  predictum  est.  Et  predicti  iurati  de  parochiis  veniunt  fol.  78. 
et  eligunt  pro  se  et  tota  villata  hec  xn.  nomina  subscripta,  vide- 
licet, Johannem  filium  Normanni,  Will,  de  Belines,  Philippum 
de  Porta,  Rogerum  Lew,  Petrum  Euerard,  Will.  Goscalk,  Ami- 
sium  Bolle,  Johannem  de  Sancto  Georgio,  Johannem  le  Mayster, 
Sayerum  filium  Thurstani,  Robertum  Parys  et  Andream  Peper. 
Qui  iurati  sunt  coram  tota  villata  predicta  quod  bene  et  fideliter 
custodient  et  gubernabunt  Burgum  Gippeswici,  et  ad  manutenen- 
dum secundum  eorum  posse  omnes  libertates,  que  iam  de  nouo 


n  8  Cfje  <$ito  flprcfmnt 

IPSWICH.  Burgensibus  eiusdem  Burgi  per  cartam  predict!  domini  Regis 
concesse  sunt,  et  eciam  ad  omnes  alias  libertates  et  liberas  con- 
suetudines  ville  predicte  \?nanutenendas\,  et  ad  indicia  curiarum 
eiusdem  ville  iuste  reddenda,  non  habentibus  respectum  [ad] 
alicuius  personam,  Et  insuper  ad  omnia  alia  ordinanda  et  facienda 
que  pro  statu  et  honore  ville  predicte  fieri  contingent,  Et  ad 
juste  et  legittime  tractandum  tarn  pauperes  quam  diuites. 

[Capitulum  vi™.] 

Eodem  die  quum  cito  predict!  xn.  Capitales  Portmenni  fuerant 
iurati  in  forma  predicta,  fecerunt  totam  villatam  predictam  leuare 
manus  ultra  librum  et  in  vna  voce  solempniter  iurare  quod  ab 
ilia  hora  in  antea  erunt  obedientes,  intendentes,  consulantes  et 
auxiliantes  Balliuis,  Coronatoribus  suis  ac  omnibus  et  singulis 
predictis  xn.  Capitalibus  Portmannis  cum  corporibus  et  catallis 
eorum  ad  predictam  villam  Gyppeswici  et  nouam  cartam  predic- 
fol.  78  £.  tarn  ac  honorem  et  omnes  libertates  et  liberas  consuetudines  eius- 
dem ville  conseruandas  et  manutenendas  in  omnibus  locis  versus 
quoscumque,  excepto  tamen  versus  dominum  Regem  et  Regiam 
potestatem,  secundum  eorum  posse,  prout  juste  et  racionabiliter 

facere  debeant. 

[Capitulum  vnm.] 

Eodem  die  concordatum  est  quod  predicta  noua  carta  domini 
Regis  tradatur  duobus  probis  et  legalibus  hominibus  eiusdem  ville 
ad  salvo  custodiendum,  videlicet,  Johanni  filio  Normanni  et 
Philippo  de  Porta,  qui  iurati  sunt  ad  dictam  cartam  fideliter 
custodiendam  et  ad  illam  predicte  villate  liberare,  cum  necesse 
fuerit  et  ad  hoc  facere  muniti  fuerint  et  ex  parte  villate  requisiti. 

Et  quia  plura  pro  statu  et  honore  ville  sunt  [ordinanda]  *  et  fa- 
cienda que  congrue  ad  hunc  diem  non  possunt  fieri,  concordatum 
est  quod  Balliui,  Coronatores  et  omnes  capitales  portmenni  pre- 
dicti  veniant  et  simul  sint  hie  die  Jouis  proxima  post  festum 
Translacionis  beati  Thome  Martiris  proximo  futurum  ad  ordinan- 
dum  et  faciendum  ea  que  contigerint  ordinari  et  fieri  pro  statu  et 
honore  ville  memorate. 

1  Little  Domesday  has  '  ordinata.' 


Proofs  anu  3(llustratton&  II9 

[Capitulum.  vin».]  IPSWICH. 

Die  Jouis  proxima  post  festum  Translacionis  sancti  Thome 
Martiris  Anno  supradicto  congregati  sunt  Balliui  et  Coronatores 
ac  ceteri  Capitales  portmenni  ad  tractandum  et  ordinandum  de 
statu  ville  Gyppeswyci. 

In  primo  ordinant  quod   omnes   custume  predict!  Burgi  de  fol.  79. 
cetero  colligantur  per  manus  Balliuorum  et  quatuor  proborum  et 
legalium  hominum  eiusdem  Burgi.    Et  quod  ipsi  de  anno  in  annum 
soluant  [ad]  Scaccarium  domini  Regis  pro  predicta  villata  rectam 
et  solitam  firmam. 

[Capitulum  ixm.] 

Item  ordinant  quod  in  dicto  Burgo  sint  duo  bedelli  iurati  ad 
faciendum  attachiamenta,  districciones  et  omnia  precepta  Balli- 
uorum, Coronatorum  et  Capitalium  portmennorum  que  pertinent 
ad  faciendum  in  eodem  burgo.  Et  quod  vnus  de  eisdem  Bedellis 
sit  custos  omnium  prisonum  qui  per  Balliuos  Burgi  attachiabuntur. 
Et  quod  ille  custos  inueniat  securitatem  ad  saluo  custodiendum 
omnes  prisones  suos,  etc. 

[Capitulum  xm.] 

Item  ordinant  quod  per  Commune  consilium  villate  fiat  in  dicto 
Burgo  vnum  Commune  sigillum  ad  seruiendum  in  grossis  negociis 
tangentibus  communitatem  dicti  Burgi,  et  eciam  ad  litteras  inde 
consignandas  de  veritate  testificandas  pro  omnibus  et  singulis 
Burgensibus  eiusdem  Burgi,  et  ad  omnia  alia  facienda  que  fieri 
debeant  ad  communem  honorem  et  vtilitatem  ville  predicte.  Et 
quod  illud  Commune  sigillum  custodiatur  per  tres  vel  quatuor 
probos  et  legales  homines  de  predicto  Burgo  ad  hoc  iuratos  coram 
Communitate  eiusdem  Burgi. 

[Capitulum  xim.] 

Item  ordinant  quod  in  dicto  Burgo  per  commune  consilium 
villate  sue  eligatur  vnus  probus  et  legalis  et  idonius  homo,  vt  sit 
Aldermannus  Gilde  Mercatorie  in  eodem  Burgo.     Et  quod  qua-  fol.  79  b. 
tuor  probi  et  legales  homines  eiusdem  Burgi  associentur  ei.     Et 
quod  Aldermannus  et  ipsi  quatuor  iurentur  quod  bene  et  fide- 


120  c&e  ®ilti  egercfmnt 

IPSWICH,  liter  manutenebunt  predictam  Gildam  et  omnia  que  ad  Gildam 

pertinent 

[Capitulum  xnm.] 

Item  ordinant  quod  predicta  noua  carta  mandetur  in  pleno 
comitatu  Suff'  et  vsque  Norwycum  in  pleno  comitatu  NorfF.  Et 
quod  eadem  carta  in  eisdem  comitatibus  manifeste  legatur,  vt 
libertates  in  dicta  carta  contente  palam  cognoscantur  et  puppli- 
centur  in  singulis  locis  vtriusque  comitatus. 

[Capitulum  xmm.] 

Item  ordinatum  est  quod  nullus  Burgensis  predicte  ville  sit 
quietus  de  custuma  in  eadem  villa  de  merchandisis  suis,  videlicet, 
si  sit  mercator,  nisi  sit  lottans  et  scottans  in  communibus  auxiliis 

et  negociis  ville. 

[Capitulum  xmim.] 

Die  dominica  proxima  post  festum  Nativitatis  Marie  Virginis 
anno  supradicto  congregata  est  Communitas  ville  Gippeswici 
coram  Balliuis  et  Coronatoribus  et  ceteris  capitalibus  portmennis 
eiusdem  ville  ad  audiendum  omnes  ordinaciones  predictas,  que 
coram  populo  ville  lecte  sunt  in  Cimiterio  beate  Marie  ad  Turrim. 
Et  ad  quas  ordinaciones  predictas,  cum  lecte  fuefmt  ibidem,  tota 
predicta  Communitas  vna  voce  consentit.  Et  postea  elegerunt 
fol.  80.  Balliuos  suos,  qui  comorabuntur  pro  proximo  anno  futuro,  vide- 
licet, Johannem  filium  Normanni  et  Willielmum  de  Balines. 
Eodem  die  eligunt  quatuor  homines  ad  colligendum  custumas 
ville  simul  cum  predictis  Balliuis,  videlicet,  Petrum  peper,  Norman- 
num  Halynoth,  Clementem  le  Palmere  et  Lemannum  de  Ponte. 

Item  eodem  die  eligunt 'duos  Bedellos,  videlicet,  Johannem 
Prikehert  et  Johannem  Haue,  qui  iurati  sunt  quod  bene  et  fide- 
liter  facient  attach iamenta,  districciones  et  omnia  precepta  Bal- 
liuorum,  Coronatorum  et  Portmennorum,  et  omnia  que  ad  officium 
eorum  pertinent.  Et  predictus  Johannes  Prikehert  electus  est  ad 
prisones  ville  custodiendos,  et  invenit  securitatem  ad  responden- 
dum  euasionibus  prisonum  si  euenerint,  quod  absit,  videlicet,  Ed- 
mundum  de  Marisco,  Petrum  Pepir,  Johannem  Haue  et  Thomam 
de  Hornere. 


proofs  anfl  3Illustration&  121 

Et  quia  plura  ,non  possunt  expediri  ad  hunc  diem,  concordatum  IPSWICH, 
est  quod  Ballivi  et  tota  Communitas  sint  hie  die  iouis  proxima 
post  festum  Sancte  fidis  proximo  futurum  pro  Aldermanno  eligendo 
et  ad  alia  facienda  que  modo  fieri  non  possunt.     Et  dictum  est 
Ballivis  quod  interim  facient  construere  vnum  commune  sigillum, 

secundum  quod  supra  ordinatum  est. 

« 

[Capitulum  xvm.] 

Die  Jouis  proxima  post  festum  sancte  fidis  Anno  supradicto 
Ballivi,  Coronatores  et  ceteri  Capitales  portmenni  ac  tota  Com-  fol.  80  b. 
munitas  adunati  sunt  in  ecclesia  beate  Marie  ad  Turrim.  Et 
Ballivi  ostendunt  ibi  commune  sigillum  ville  quod  de  nouo  con- 
structum  est.  Et  tune  electi  sunt  tres  de  legalioribus  et  potenci- 
oribus  de  dicto  Burgo  ad  [custodiendum] l  illud  sigillum,  videlicet, 
Johannem  filium  Normanni,  Willielmum  de  Belines  et  Philippum 
de  Porta,  qui  iurati  sunt  coram  communitate  quod  bene  et  fide- 
liter  custodient  predictum  sigillum,  et  quod  nullam  litteram  nee 
aliquod  instrumentum  cum  eodem  sigillo  consignabunt,  nisi  fuerint 
pro  communi  honore  et  pro  vtilitate  ville  seu  Burgensium  ville,  et 
hoc  per  assensum  parium  suorum.  Et  insuper  concordatum  est 
quod  communis  carta  ville  remaneat  in  custodia  eorundem. 

[Capitulum  xvim.] 

Eodem  die  electus  est  per  commune  consilium  villate  vnus 
Aldermannus,  videlicet,  Willielmus  Gosscalk.  Et  quatuor  eli- 
guntur  qui  associantur  ei,  videlicet,  Petrus  Euerard,  Johannes  le 
Mayster,  Rogerus  Lew  et  Johannes  de  Sancto  Georgio,  qui  iurati 
sunt  simul  cum  Aldermanno  quod  bene  et  fideliter  gubernabunt 
Gildam  mercatoriam  in  Burgo  Gippeswici  et  omnes  articulos  ad 
Gildam  pertinentes.  Et  quod  bene  et  legittime  tractabunt  omnes 
fratres  Gilde.  Et  postea  dictum  est  per  Aldermannum  et  quatuor 
socios  suos  in  presencia  populi  ville  quod  omnes  qui  sunt  de 
libertate  ville  veniant  coram  Aldermanno  et  sociis  suis  ad  certum 
diem,  quando  et  vbi  eis  scire  facient,  ad  ponendum  se  in  Gilda  et 
ad  hansam  suam  eidem  Gilde  dandam. 

1  Thus  in  Great  Domesday,  but  Little  Domesday  has  <  ad  custodes.' 


122  Cbe  (Sift  sgjercfwnt 

IPSWICH.  [Capitulum  xvnm.] 

fol.  81.  [Eodem  die  predict!  Balliui,  Coronatores  et  ceteri  Portmanni 
ac  tota  Communitas  insimul  loquebantur  qualiter  et  quo  modo 
melius  facere  poterint  ad  manutenendum  predictam  Gildam  mer- 
catoriam  ac l  omnia  que  ad  Gildam  pertinent.  Qui  quidem  Bal- 
liui, Coronatores  et  ceteri  Portmanni  et  tota  Communitas  vna  voce 
consenserunt  et  ordinauerunt  quod  ipsemet  Aldermannus  qui  iam 
electus  est  et  omnes  Aldermanni  qui  imposterum  eligi  debent  de 
cetero  habeant  et  occupant  ad  proficuum  Gilde  predicte  Emp- 
cionem  et  Vendicionem  omnium  Mercandizarum  subscriptarum, 
videlicet,  Mylstonys,  rubstonys,  Dogstonys,  quernstonys,  Grynd- 
stonys,  rubstonys,  Grauestones,  Morters  of  Marbill  et  Pavyng- 
stonys  of  marbyll.  Et  quod  ille  Aldermannus  per  Sacramentum 
suum  de  Anno  in  Anno  reddere  debet  rectum  et  iustum  Com- 
putum  coram  Balliuis  et  Coronatoribus  ville  predicte  de  omni 
proficuo  et  incremento  que  ipse  in  hoc  anno  preterite  lucrauit  et 
acquisiuit  racione  empcionis  et  vendicionis  omnium  Mercandi- 
zarum suprascriptarum.  Et  vltra  hoc  vnanimi  assensu  et  consensu 
consenserunt  quod  de  cetero  nulli  Inhabitantes  ville  predicte  nee 
aliqua  alia  persona,  Indigena  siue  alienigena,  infra  villam  predictam 
aut  infra  libertates  et  precincta  eiusdem  habeant  nee  occupare 
debent  Empcionem  aut  Vendicionem  Mercandizarum  predicta- 
rum,  nisi  solus  aldermannus  Gilde  predicte  ad  vsum  et  proficuum 
eiusdem  gilde.  Et  hoc  sub  pena  forisfacture  omnium  dictarum 
mercandizarum  sic  emptarum  vel  venditarum.] 

[Capitulum  xvmm.] 

fol.  81  a.  Eodem  die  concessum  est  per  totam  Communitatem  ad  rogatum 
predictorum  xn.  capitalium  portmennorum  quod  ipsi  pro  eorum 
labore,  quern  facient  pro  eadem  Communitate,  habeant  pratum 
de  Odenholm  ad  sustentacionem  equorum  suorum. 

[Capitulum  xixm.] 

Item  ordinatum  est  et  concordatum  per  totam  Communitatem 
quod  leges  et  libere  consuetudines  ville  predicte  ponantur  in 

1  MS.  'ad.' 


proofs  anti  3[Hustratton&  123 

quodam  rotulo,  qui  vocabitur  le  Domesday.  Et  quod  ille  Rotulus  IPSWICH, 
semper  commorabitur  in  custodia  Balliuorum  eiusdem  ville,  qui 
erunt  pro  tempore,  vt  possint  scire  et  cognoscere  modum  qualiter 
agere  debent  in  suo  officio.  Et  quod  omnia  statuta  gilde  merca- 
torie  ponantur  in  quodam  alio  rotulo,  prout  utuntur  alibi  in  Ciui- 
tatibus  et  Burgis  vbi  gilda  mercatoria  est.  Et  quod  Aldermannus 
semper  habeat  ilium  rotulum  penes  se,  vt  sciat  qualiter  operare  in 
suo  officio. 

This  is  followed  by  an  inquisition,  evidently  made  the  same  fbl.  81  (a), 
year  (2  John),  to  ascertain  how  and  in  what  manner  certain  re- 
ligious persons  having  lands  and  tenements  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Ipswich  ought  to  be  free  and  quit  of  toll  in  the  same  town. 
The  jury  state  that  the  Archbishop  and  Prior  of  Canterbury,  the 
Bishop  and  Prior  of  Norwich,  the  Bishop  and  Prior  of  Ely,  the 
Abbot  of  Colchester,  the  Abbot  of  Coggeshale,  etc.,  etc.  with 
their  men  and  villains  are  quit  of  custom,  but  only  on  things  grow- 
ing on  their  own  lands  and  things  bought  for  their  own  use,  c  sed 
nativi  qui  sunt  mercatores  semper  dederunt  custumam  suam  ad 
firmam  domini  Regis.'  The  inquest  ends  thus: — 'de  aliis  re-  fol.  81  (£). 
ligiosis  in  patria  dicunt  quod  qualiter  seu  quo  modo  sunt  quieti 
de  custuma  uel  quieti  esse  debent,  ignorant.  Immo  credunt 
quod  debent  esse  quieti  de  suis  propriis  bonis  crescentibus  et 
exeuntibus  de  suis  propriis  terris,  pertinentibus  ad  ecclesias  suas 
et  quas  tenent  in  puram  et  perpetuam  elemosinam.' 

In  the  same  year  the  Prior  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  Ipswich  f0i.  81  (a}b. 
became  a  burgess  ('deuenit  Burgensis')  and  gave  to  the  com- 
monalty 20^.,  in  aid  of  the  expenses  incurred  in  obtaining  the 
new  charter,  and  to  the  hanse  of  the  Gild  one  quarter  of  wheat 
and  a  boar, — 'et  dat  ad  hansam  gilde  ville  vnum  quarterium 
frumenti  et  vnum  aprem.'  The  Prior  of  St.  Peter  in  Ipswich 
also  became  a  burgess,  giving  to  the  commonalty  one  mark  and 
to  the  Gild  one  coomb  of  wheat  and  two  wethers, — '  et  dat  ad 
gildam  ville  vnam  cumbram  frumenti  et  duos  multones;'  and 
he  promised  to  be  in  lot  and  scot  as  an  'intrinsic'  burgher, — 
'lottans  et  scottans  ut  Burgensis  intrinsecus.' 


124  Cfte  (Sift  90ercfwnt 

IPSWICH.  There  are  many  entries  of  '  foreign '  burgesses  made  during  the 
reigns  of  John,  Henry  III  and  Edward  I.  Many  lords  and 
knights  were  among  the  '  forinseci '  thus  admitted, — Lord  Roger 
de  Bigod,  Lord  Hugh  de  Peche  of  Belinges,  Lord  Geoffrey  de 
Burneuille,  Lord  Reginald  de  Panely,  Lord  Hugh  de  Rous,  Lord 
Roger  de  Montalt,  Lord  Gilbert  Peche,  etc.  The  following  will 
illustrate  the  nature  of  these  entries  :— 

fol.  82.  '  Hec  sunt  nomina  forinsecorum.  burgensium  qui  facti  sunt  in 
Gippeswico  pro  quodam  certo  dando  annuatim  ad  firmam  domini 
Regis ville  predicte.. .. Dominus  Rogerus  le  Bygod, Comes  Norfolcie 
et  Marescallus  Anglie,  in  aula  prioris  Sancti  Petri  de  Gippeswico 
deuenit  Burgensis  eiusdem  ville.  Et  dat  ad  gildam  mercatoriam 
vnum  bouem  et  vnum  taurum,  duo  quarteria  frumenti  et  duo 
quarteria  brasii  pro  eo  quod  ipse  et  omnes  natiui  sui  decetero 
sint  quieti  de  Theloneo  in  villa  predicta,  videlicet,  de  omnibus 
bladis  et  aliis  rebus  suis  crescentibus  et  renouantibus  in 
suis  propriis  terris  et  dominicis  tantum,  et  de  omnibus  rebus 
emptis  pro  suis  propriis  estouiis,  et  aliter  non.  Et  eciam  soluet 
annuatim  imperpetuum  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  uii.d.  pro 
cayo  suo  in  Gippeswico  ad  firmam  ville  predicte,  set  tamen  si 
natiui  sui  fuerint  mercatores,  soluant  ad  firmam  domini  Regis 
rectam  et  debitam  custumam  suam,  et  maxime  de  mercandisis 
suis.  Et  quia  idem  Comes  erat  auxilians  ad  cartam  domini 
Regis  de  libertatibus  ville  impetrandam,  concessit  et  in  fide  pro- 
misit  ad  manutenendum  honorem  ville  Gippeswici  et  libertates  in 
dicta  noua  carta  contentas.  Et  predictus  Comes  habet  transcrip- 
tum  huius  irrotulamenti  penes  se  sub  communi  sigillo  ville. 

Eodem  die  dominus  Robertus  de  Vaus,  miles  predicti  comitis, 
factus  fuit  burgensis  et  dat  ad  hansam  gilde  vnum  quarterium 
frumenti.  Et  vt  ipse  et  omnes  natiui  sui,  quos  habet  in  Wenham 
et  alibi,  sint  quieti  in  Gippeswyco  de  omni  theloneo,  modo  et 
forma  supradictis,  concessit  dare  singulis  annis  in  festo  Sancti 
Michaelis  ad  firmam  predicte  ville  iin.j.  et  n.  busselos  frumenti1.' 

William  the  Prior  of  Holy  Trinity  of  Ipswich  was  sworn  in 
full  court  (39-40  Henry  III), — 'et  concessit  dare   communitati 
1  The  date  is  2  John.    Cf.  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  p.  240. 


proofs  ann  3[llustrattons,  125 

ad  expensas  pro  noua  carta  predicti  domini  Regis  iam  de  nouo  IPSWICH. 
impetrata  vnam  marcam,  et  ad  conuiuium  gilde  vnam  cumbram 
frumenti  et  vnum  quarterium  braserii,  et  erit  lottans  et  scottans 
vt  burgensis  intrinsecus l.' 

'  Dominus  Johannes  de  Bello  Monte  et  Alicia  vxor  eius  facti  fol.  91. 
sunt  Burgenses  in  anno  xxvi  [Edw.  I].     Et  dant  ad  gildam  ville 
duo  quarteria  frumenti.     Et  concedunt  dare  quolibet  anno   ad 
eandem  gildam  pro  se  et  villanis  suis  vnum  comblum  frumenti/ 

'  Quia  heredes  plurimorum  forinsecorum  burgensium  contra-  fol.  88. 
dicunt  soluere  et  facere  auxilium  ad  firmam  ville  Gippeswici, 
prout  antecessores  sui  facere  consueverunt,  pro  libertate  habenda 
in  eadem  villa,  vt  iidem  antecessores  sui  habere  solebant, — Die 
Jouis  in  festo  Sancti  Luce  euangeliste  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi 
filii  regis  Henrici  secundo,  tempore  Viuiani  filii  Siluestri  et  A.D.  1274. 
Johannis  Lorenz,  tune  Balliuorum  predicte  ville  Gippeswici,  de 
communi  assensu  eiusdem  villate  ordinatum  et  concordatum 
quod  nullus  forinsecus  Burgensis  de  cetero  fiat  in  eadem  villa, 
nisi  ad  terminum  vite  sue  tantum.  Et  hoc,  pro  quodam  certo 
dando  annuatim  ad  firmam  ville  predicte  ad  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis,  vel  vt  sit  lottans  et  scottans  secundum  suum  statum 
ad  communia  talliagia  ville.  Et  illi  qui  sunt  lottantes,  etc. 
erunt  quieti  de  Theloneo  in  dicta  villa  tarn  de  merchandisis  suis 
quam  de  aliis  bonis  suis.  Et  hii  qui  non  sunt  lottantes  erunt 
quieti  de  bladis  et  aliis  rebus  suis  crescentibus  et  renouantibus 
in  suis  propriis  terris  et  eciam  de  omnibus  rebus  emptis  ad  suos 
proprios  vsus  tantum  V 


'Liber   Quartus'  of  the   Great  Domesday  Book  of  Ipswich 
contains   'The  Constitucion  for  Corpus  Christi  Procession  and 
for  the  Maundy ' : — '  Ad   laudem    et   honorem   Summe    et   In-  A.D.  1325. 
dividue  Trinitatis,   Patris  et  filii  et   Spiritus  Sancti,  beatissime 

1  Cf.  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  p.  225. 

2  Ibid.,  241. — Throughout  the  fifteenth  century  the  burgesses  admitted  by  the 
'  general  court '  of  Ipswich  were  almost  always  distinguished  as  '  burgenses 
intrinseci'  and  'burgenses  extrinseci'  (or  *  forinseci '),  though  there  were  com- 
paratively few  of  the  latter,— Addit.  MS.,  Mus.  Brit.,  30158,  ff.  7,  8,  12  b,  13,  24, 
31  b,  35,  etc. 


lD  sgerdmnt* 

IPSWICH,  et  gloriosissime  virginis  Marie  necnon  et  Omnium  Sanctorum 
maxima  et  excellentissime  ob  reuerenciam  et  commemoracionem 
specialem  Institucionis  Sacramenti  venerabilis  corporis  et  san- 
guinis  domini  nostri  Jesu  Christi,  qui  pridie  quam  pateretur  de 
hoc  mundo  transiturus  ad  patrem,  cum  tempus  sue  mortis  in- 
staret,  cenantibus  discipulis  cunctisque  fidelibus  in  memoriam 
sue  passionis  hoc  summum  Sacramentum  Corporis  Sui  et  San- 
guinis  instituit  et  reliquit, — Nos  priores  ecclesie  Sancte  Trinitatis 
et  ecclesie  Sancti  Petri  in  Gippewico,  et  omnes  sacerdotes 
parochiales  ville  predicte  ex  communi  nostro  assensu  et  consensu, 
die  Mercurii  in  festo  Apostolorum  Philippi  et  Jacobi  in  ecclesia 
Sancte  Margarete  in  villa  predicta  anno  Domini  M°.  ccc.  vicesimo 
quinto,,  confraternitatem  quandam  inter  nos  et  laicos  quoscunque 
ad  nos  accedentes  vel  accessuros  de  eorum  laicorum  concessu 
pro  nobis  et  confraternitate  nostra  noncupata  guilda  mercatorum, 
alias  vocata  guilda  Corporis  Christi^  ordinauimus  firmiter  per 
presentes  perpetuis  temporibus  deo  dante  duraturam,  volentes 
et  concedentes  cum  consensu  confratrum  nostrorum  laicorum 

predicte  guilde  quod [a  description  of  the  procession  is 

here  given ;  also  regulations  concerning  the  burial  of  brethren.] 
Item  pro  nobis  et  dicta  confraternitate  nostra  cum  dictorum 
laicorum  concensu  volumus  et  concedimus  quod  hec  nostra  con- 
fraternitas  semper  sit  sub  regimine  duorum  laicorum  noncupa- 
torum  Aldermannorum  guilde  predicte.  Volumus  eciam  pro  nobis 
et  confraternitate  nostra  quod  Tabernaculum  nostrum  sit  in 
gubernacione  dictorum  aldermannorum,  et  in  loco  honesto  et 
sacro  conseruetur,  videlicet,  in  Ecclesia  Sancte  Marie  ad  Turrim, 
operariorum  nostrorum  omnium  eisdem,  si  qui  fuerint,  curam 
penitus  committendo ;  cera  nostra  et  pecunia  nostra,  si  qua  fuerit, 
eciam  sit  in  custodia  dictorum  aldermannorum;  Et  illos  alder- 
mannos  per  sacramentum  suum  de  anno  in  annum  reddere 
debitum  rectum  et  justum  computum  coram  balliuis  et  port- 
mannis  ville  predicte  et  omnia  que  ad  predictam  guildam  et 
confraternitatem  pertinent1.' 

The  Court  Book  of  Ipswich  (3  Hen.  V-2  Rich.  Ill),  deposited 
1  Cf.  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  p.  245, 


Proofs  ann  Illustrations.  127 

in  the  British  Museum,  contains  an  occasional  reference  to  the  IPSWICH. 
Guild  :— 

'Curia  generalis  tenta  ibidem  die  lurie  in  festo  Sancti  Marce 
Euangeliste  anno  predicto  [24  Hen.  VI]  ....  Ad  eandem  A.D.  1446. 
Curiam  per  Balliuos,  portmannos  et  totam  villatam  ville  Gippewici 
electus  est  Johannes  Caldewell  in  Aldermannum  Gilde  mercatorie 
Corporis  Christi,  et  Johannes  Geet  et  Willielmus  Rydon  erunt 
sibi  associantes. 

Et  ad  eandem  Curiam  ordinatum  est  per  predictos  Balliuos, 
Portmannos  et  villatam  quod  ab  hoc  die  infuturum  nullus  homo, 
cuiuscumque  condicionis  sit,  decetero  infra  villam  Gippewici  et 
precinctum  eiusdem  emet  nee  mercandizabit  aliquas  lapides  mo- 
lates,  videlicet,  milestones,  quernstones,  gryndstones,  pathyngstones 
ac  alios  lapides  quoscumque,  nisi  Aldermannus  Gilde  Corporis 
Christi  ville  Gippewici,  qui  pro  tempore  erit.' 

'  Curia  generalis  ibidem  tenta  die  Jouis  proxima  post  festum 
Sancti  Gregorii  pape  anno  regni  regis  Edward  IIIIti  xxn°  ....  A.D.  1482. 
Et  ad  eandem  Curiam  ordinatum  est  per  Balliuos,  Portmannos  et  Ordinacio. 
totam    Communitatem   quod   quilibet    Burgensis   fforinsecus   et 
extraneus   soluet   annuatim   ad   Sustentacionem    Gilde  Corporis 
Christi  xvi.</.  ad  quatuor  anni  terminos  per  equales  porciones, 
sub  pena  Amissionis  Burgensie  sue  imperpetuum.' — (Addit.  MS., 
Mus.  Brit.,  30158,  ff.  9<£,  38^.) 

The  following  are  the  ordinances  of  the  Gild  Merchant  in  its 
later  form  (probably  temp.  Henry  VII l) : — *  Cum  inter  alias 
ordinaciones  et  constituciones  infra  oppidum  Gippewici  a  tem- 
pore quo  non  extat  memoria  consuetum  fuerat  ibidem  habere 
guilde  presbiterum  ad  orandum  et  celebrandum  tarn  pro  pros- 
pero  et  bono  statu  omni  omnium  Confratrum  et  sororum  guilde 
mercimonialis,  alias  vocate  Guilde  Corporis  Christi^  quam  pro 
animabus  omnium  confratrum  et  sororum  guilde  predicte  vniverse 
carnis  viam  ingressorum,  Cui  presbitero  haud  ignoratur  annuatim 
per  predicte  confraternitatis  aut  guilde  Aldermannos  nouem 
marcas  legalis  monete  Anglie  pro  salario  et  stipendio  suo  fideliter 
fuisse  solutos ; — Preterea  provisum  fuit  vt  prefate  confraternitatis 
1  Wodderspoon,  Memorials,  164. 


iin  sgjercfmnt, 

IPSWICH,  aut  guilde  confratres  et  sorores  annuatim  luctuosis  et  lugubribus 
indumentis  ad  Ecclesiam  Marie  Tunis  conveniant  et  occurrant 
die  Sabbati  proxime  et  immediate  domini  corporis  festum  se- 
quente  hora  prima  post  meridiem,  quo  in  loco  pro  animabus 
omnium  confratrum  et  sororum  prenominate  confraternitatis 
officia  funeralia  siue  exequias  ecclesiastico  more  audituri  sunt; 
— Insuper  statuitur  proximo  die  dominico  sequente  festum  domi- 
nici  corporis  quod  omnes  confratres  et  sorores  eiusdem  guilde 
eo  modo  quo  prius  dictum  est,  hoc  est,  vestibus  mestuosis  iterum 
conveniant  circiter  horam  nouenam  ante  meridiem  ad  audiendam 
missam  pro  animabus  omnium  confratrum  et  sororum  vniuerse 
carnis  viam  ingressorum,  quo  facto  solitum  fuit  unumquemque 
sese  conferre  ad  capitolium,  vulgariter  noncupatum  le  Guilde 
Hall,  predicte  ville  familiariter  epulatum  ac  corpora  sua  talibus 
cibariis  et  lauticiis  refocillanda  que  per  prefatos  Aldermannos 
et  gubernatores  eiusdem  guilde  apparantur;  posthac  statutum 
constat  vnumquemque  confratrum  pro  se  et  vxore  sua  soluere 
debere  xvi.</.  pro  prandio  suo  ad  comodum  et  sustentacionem 
eiusdem  guilde.  Sed  quia  ista  consuetudo  racioni  consona  ple- 
rumque  ad  predictorum  confraternitatis  aut  gilde  aldermannorum 
et  gubernatorum  ejusdem  infamiam  et  detrimentum  cessauit  et 
obolevit,  Pro  Reformacione  ejusdem  ad  laudem  et  honorem 
Summe  et  Individue  Trinitatis,  patris  et  filii  et  spiritus  sancti 
ac  beatissime  et  gloriosissime  Virginis  Marie  necnon  et  omnium 
Sanctorum  et  Sanctarum,  ordinatum  et  decretum  est  per  balliuos, 
portmannos,  coronatores  et  per  commune  consilium  ville  Gippe- 
wici  vnanimi  assensu  et  consensu  quod  decetero  erit  quidem 
idoneus  Guilde  presbiter  ad  orandum  et  celebrandum  pro  con- 
fratribus  et  sororibus  dicte  confraternitatis,  sicut  in  antiquo  tempore 
vsitatum  et  consuetum  fuit.  Et  quod  idem  presbiter  habeat  pro 
stipendio  et  salario  suo  nouem  marcas  legalis  monete  Anglie  juste 
et  fideliter  solutas  per  aldermannos  aut  gubernatores  dicte  guilde. 
Insuper  ordinamus  quod  omnes  ad  vnum  Confratres  memo- 
rate  guilde  annuatim  congregentur  et  conveniant  tempore  et 
loco  supradictis,  videlicet,  ad  ecclesiam  beate  Marie  Turris  ad 
audiendam  missam  ac  funeralia  officia  pro  animabus  confratrum 


proofs  anD  3(llustratton&  129 

et  sororum  ab  hac  luce  decessis,  et  quod  vnusquisque  confratrum  IPSWICH. 
pro  se  et  vxore  sua  deponat  denarium  post  offertorium  ejusdem 
misse  ibidem  celebrate  per  dictum  guilde  presbiterum.  Que 
quidem  oblacio  erit  bipartita  inter  predictum  Guilde  presbiterum 
et  presbiterum  parochialem  Sancte  Marie  Turris.  Preterea  vo- 
lumus  et  ordinamus  quod  unusquisque  confratrum  Guilde  pre- 
dicte  presens  existat  ad  predicta  funeralia  audienda  et  ad  ob- 
lacionem  deponendam,  sub  pena  vnius.  libre  cere.  Quo  facto  et 
finito  eat  unusquisque  confratrum  et  sororum  ad  capitolium,  vul- 
gariter  noncupatum  le  Guylde  Halle  predicte  ville,  familiariter 
epulatum,  sicut  in  antique  tempore  consuetum.  Et  quod  vnus- 
quisque confratrum  soluat  pro  se  et  vxore  sua  xvi.*/.  pro  prandio 
suo  ad  comodum  et  sustentacionem  eiusdem  guilde.  Et  si 
aliquis  burgensis  intrinsecus  siue  extrinsecus  denegat  soluere 
annuatim  le  predictos  xvi.^/.  ad  opus  predictum,  quod  ipse  erit 
abjuratus  burgensie  sue  imperpetuum.  Et  si  aliquis  ducit  secum 
ad  prandium  plusquam  uxorem,  soluat  pro  qualibet  persona  mi.  d. 
— Eciam  ordinatum  et  decretum  est  quod  dictus  capellanus  Cor- 
poris  Christi  vocatus  le  Guilde  Preste  celebret  vnum  Trigintale 
in  qualibet  ecclesia  parochiali  istius  ville  vbi  corpus  cujuscunque 
confratris  siue  sororis  forte  contigerit  sepeliri,  vel  vbi  ipse  vel  ilia  in 
vita  sua  morabatur,  per  assignacionem  aldermannorum  et  guber- 
natorum,  qui  nunc  sunt  vel  qui  pro  tempore  erunt  *. ' 


The  following  details  concerning  the  later  history  of  this  Gild 
are  taken  from  Wodderspoon's  Memorials  of  Ipswich  (pp.  168- 


5  Henry  VII.  —  John  Squier  was  made  farmer  of  the  profits  of 
stones  with  Jeffry  Osborne  and  James  Hill  for  the  benefit  of 
Corpus  Christi. 

12   Henry  VII.  —  It   was   made   known    that    every   Burgess 

1  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  pp.  244-245. 

2  See  also  Notices  of  the  Corpus  Christi  Guild,  Ipswich,  by  W.  S.  Fitch,  — 
Suffolk  Institute  of  Archaeology  and  Nat.  Hist.,Proc.,  ii.  151-163  ;  and  Bacon, 
Annalls  of  Ipsw.,  144-147,  T;O,  188-195,  353,  357,  399,  422,  493  et  passim* 

K 


130  Cfte  ®ilD  sgercfmnt 

IPSWICH,  defaulting  in  his  duties  to  the  Gild  should  be  summoned  by 
the  Wardens  of  the  next  Court  to  show  cause  why  he  should  not 
forfeit  his  freedom.  If  he  came  not  to  the  Court,  he  was  reputed 
as  '  foreign,'  that  is,  no  Burgess  or  member  of  the  Gild. 

1 6  Eliz. — Ordered  by  the  Great  Court  of  Ipswich  'that  in 
respect  of  the  grete  skarsitie  and  derthe  of  all  victualle  in  this 
realm  at  this  present,  the  feast  of  the  Guylde  Merchant  usually 
kepte  in  this  towne  shall  be  kepte  by  the  Aldermen  of  the  Guilde 
in  such  order  and  forme  as  it  hathe  ben  used  to  be  kepte.  And 
that  the  said  Aldermen  shall  have  allowed  to  them  out  of  the 
town  treasury  such  some  of  moneye  as  shalbe  agreed  upon  at  the 
next  Court  after  the  saide  feaste  made.' 

1 8  Eliz. — The  occupations,  or  trades  of  Ipswich  were  newly 
drawn  up  into  four  Companies :  I.  The  Mercers,  including  all 
'  maryners,  shipwryghts,  bokebynders,  prynters,  fyshemongers, 
swordsetters,  coks  [i.e.  cooks],  ffletchers,  arrowhed-makers,  phisi- 
tians,  hatters,  cappers,  mercers,  merchaunts '  and  several  others ; 
II.  The  Drapers,  including  all  'joyners,  taylors,  carpenters,  inn- 
holders,  ffremasons,  bryckelayers,  tylers,  carryers,  casket-makers, 
surgeons,  clothyers  '  and  five  others  ;  III.  The  Taylors,  including 
'  cutlers,  smyths,  barbers,  chandlers,  pewterers,  mynstrells,  pedlers, 
plumbers,  pynners,  millers,  millwrights,  cowpers,  shermen,  gla- 
siers,  turners,  tynkers,  taylors '  and  two  others ;  IV.  The  Shoe- 
makers, including  the  '  curryers,  coler-makers,  sadlers,  poynters, 
coblers,  skynners,  tanners,  butchers,  carters  and  laborours.'  It 
was  ordered  that  each  company  should  have  an  Alderman  and 
two  Wardens.  All  foreigners  coming  to  the  town  should  upon 
becoming  members  of  the  Gilds  be  distributed  among  the  afore- 
said Companies  at  the  discretion  of  the  Bailiffs. 

3  James  I. — The  Great  Court  agreed  that  '  Roger  Wallis  hathe 
openlie  confessed  that  he  hathe  offended  the  towne,  in  contem- 
minge  the  auntient  orders  and  usages  of  this  towne,  by  not 
holdinge  and  keepinge  of  the  Guild  Merchant  of  this  towne, 
being  elected  thereunto ;  and  thereuppon  hathe  nowe  made 
requeste  to  this  courte  to  be  a  free  Burgess  of  this  towne  and  to 
be  dischardged  from  keeping  of  the  Guild  Merchant,  for  a  reason- 


Proofs  ant)  3[llustration&  131 

able  fyne.'    Wallis  was  made  free  and  discharged  from  entering  IPSWICH. 
upon  the  duties  of  Alderman  of  the  Gild  for  a  fine  of  vn.  //. 

3  James  I. — R.  Seelie  was  elected  Alderman  of  the  Gild  to 
serve  with   another  and  to  keep  two  dinners  in  each  year,  at 
which  every  Burgess  should  pay  i6d.  for  himself  and  his  wife, 
and  the  first  or  next  Gild  was  ordered  to  be  held  on  Sunday 
se'nnight  after  Midsummer. 

4  James  I. — A  tierce  of  claret  was  ordered  to  be  provided  for 
the  use  of  the  Gild  at  the  cost  of  the  town. 

5  James  I. — The  Aldermen  of  the  Gild  were  ordered  to  keep 
two  dinners,  and  all  freemen  paying  subsidy  in  the  town  should 
attend  with  their  wives,  and  '  none  other.' 

6  James  I. — The  Portmen  were  ordered  to  pay  5$.  each  to  the 
dinner  of  the  Gild,  the   'Twenty-four'  3^.  4^.  each,  and  every 
Freeman  25.  6d.     None  should  be  allowed  to  attend  but  such  as 
were  Burgesses ;  whether  they  attended  or  not,  they  were  bound 
to  pay  toward  the  feast. 

After  the  reign  of  James  I  the  Gild  declined  in  importance, 
and  c  eventually  the  feast  and  the  Gild  are  found  dwindling  to  a 
dinner  bestowed  upon  the  Twelve  and  Four-and-Twenty.' 

Nathaniel  Bacon,  town  clerk  of  Ipswich  1651-1660,  writes  as 
follows  : — '  Albeit  that  the  government  of  the  Guild  still  continued 
[after  the  period  of  the  Norman  Conquest]  in  order  to  the  profifit 
of  them  selves  in  matter  of  trade ;  and  soe  did  for  a  long  time 
after,  till  those  kind  of  ffraternities  grew  distastfull  to  kings  in 
their  government,  by  trenching  too  much,  as  was  thought,  uppon 
the  prerogative  of  kings,  by  their  ordinances,  and  by  lawes,  the 
same  were  committed  to  the  cognisance  of  the  Justices  of  the 
peace,  or  chief  Governour  of  the  Corporation,  to  be  disallowed,  or 
allowed  and  recorded  by  them,  and  afterwards  to  the  Justices  of 
the  Benches  and  of  assizes.  And  thus  theire  power  being  checked, 
they  withered,  and  for  theire  better  support,  taking  into  theire 
society  many  fforrainers  that  minded  not  that  way  of  Trade,  by 
degrees  the  ffreedom  of  the  Guild  was  changed  into  the  freedom 
of  the  Towne,  the  Guildholder  still  retaining  his  title  and  name 
as  a  monument  of  an  auncient  freedom,  and  no  more,  allthough 

K  2 


132 

IPSWICH,  formerly  he  was  looked  uppon  as  a  kind  of  check  to  the  Bayliffs, 
and  in  somme  acts,  (even  of  the  kings  of  this  land,)  sett  in  order 
before  the  Bayliffs.  As  it  hath  bein,  therefore,  the  wisdome  of 
this  town  hitherto,  soe  it  will  be  theire  wisdome  for  ye  future,  to 
continue  constant  regard  of  election  of  Guildholders,  allthough  it 
be  merely  tituler,  and  of  no  consequence  in  the  government  of 
this  Town.' — (Bacon,  Annalls,  p.  vi.) 


KENPIG. 

'Et  quod  nullus  extraneus  extra  nundinas  vel  forum  infra 
bundas  predictas  aliquas  merchandisas  de  aliquo  extraneo  emat 
nisi  tantum  de  burgensibus  nostris  eiusdem  ville,  preter  gentiles 
homines  de  (?)  Glamorgancie  et  Morgancie  pro  victualibus  eorum, 
et  non  racione  merchandise.  Nee  aliquis  teneat  seldam  apertam 
de  aliquibus  merchandisis  nee  tabernam,  nee  Corf  faciet  in  villa 
nostra  predicta,  nisi  fuerit  cum  predictis  burgensibus  nostris 
lotantus  et  escotantus  et  infra  guldam  mercatoris  ipsorum  recep- 
tus.  Nee  non  concessimus  eisdem  burgensibus  nostris  quod  ipsi 
et  heredes  sui  guldam  inter  eos  facere  possint  quo  tempore  et 
quandocunque  voluerint  ad  proficuum  ipsorum.  Et  quod  dis- 
tringi  non  debeant  pro  debito  alicuius,  nisi  debitores  aut  plegii  pro 
eodem  fuerint.  Et  quod  nullus  ballivus  seu  minister  noster 
colore  ballivie  sue  sumoniciones  seu  attachiamenta  faciet  nee  infra 
bundas  predictas  districionem  capiet,  nisi  tantum  constabularius 
predictus  et  ballivi  eiusdem  ville,  qui  per  ipsos  burgenses  electi 
fuerint.  Insuper  concessimus  prefatis  burgensibus  nostris  quod 
omnes  mercatores  tarn  Pannarii,  Cerdones,  Pelliparii  et  Cirotecarii 
quam  alii  diversi  qui  ex  emcione  et  vendicione  vivant  infra  domi- 
nium  nostrum  Glamorgancie  et  Morgancie,  residere  debeant  in 
villis  de  burgh  et  non  upland.  Et  quod  omnimodas  mercandisas 
faciant  in  nundinis,  foris  et  villis  de  burg,  et  non  alibi.  Et  eciam 
omnes  mercatores  cum  eorum  merchandisis  alibi  non  transiant 
quam  per  regales  vicos  et  per  villas  de  burgh.  Ita  quod  nos 
nee  heredes  nostri  tolnetum  nostrum  nee  aliquas  custumas  nobis 


proofs  anD  3[llustrations,  133 

debitas  aliquo  tempore  amittamus.' — The  above  is  extracted  from  KENFKJ. 
a  charter  granted  by  Edward  le  Despenser  to  his  burgesses  of 
Kenfig,  34  Edward  III,  which  was   confirmed   by   Thomas   le  A.D.  i860. 
Despenser  in  the  year  20  Richard  II. — (Archaeologia  Cambrensis,  A.D.  1307. 
1871,  vol.  ii.  178-182.) 

Kenfig  Ordinances,  4  Edw.  III. 

(  The  ancient,  true  and  laudable  Ordinances  of  the  said  town  A.D.  1330. 
newly  drawn  by  the  consent  of  the  portreeve  and  aldermen  there- 
of whose  names  are  hereunder  written,  word  by  word  and  agree- 
able to  the  old  decayed  roule,  with  other  more  ordinances  adoLed 
thereunto,  for  the  good  government  of  the  said  town  and  libertys. 
Dated  the  twentyeth  day  of  May  and  the  fourth  year  of  Edward 
the  Third  after  the  Conquest. 

10.  c  Item  it  is  ordained  that  noe  manner  of  burgess  shall  buy 
noe  manner  of  merchandizes  that  shall  happen  to  come  to  the 
said  town,  but  such  men  as  shall  be  appointed  by  the  said 
portreeve  and  aldermen,  upon  pain  of  XL.  s.  ;  and  all  such  mer- 
chandizes to  be  divided  amongst  all  the  burgesses,  every  man 
according  to  his  ability. 

20.  '  Item  it  is  ordained  that  noe  burgess,  chencer,  nor  inhabi- 
tant of  the  said  town  shall  not  suffer  any  stranger  within  his  house 
privily  nor  openly  to  buy  nor  to  sell  any  manner  of  merchandizes 
against  the  royaltys  of  the  said  town  and  the  freedom  thereof,  upon 
pain  of  xx.  s. 

27.  'Item  it  is  ordained  that  noe  manner  of  person  shall  hold 
nor  open  shop  to  cutt  carne  or  trawntrey  or  ostrey  hold,  unless  he 
be  a  burgess,  yielding  and  paying  by  the  appointment  of  the 
portreeve,  upon  pain  of  a  grievous  amerciament. 

30.  '  Item  it  is  ordained  that  noe  burgess  shall  not  merchandize 
with  noe  strangers  goods  to  their  singular  advantage  and  for  to 
inhance  merchandizes  and  for  to  imbeazle  the  lords  royaltys,  dutys 


134 

KENFIG.  and  customs,  upon  pain  of  high  amerciament  at  the  portreeve's 
pleasure. 

32.  l  Item  it  is  ordained  that  noe  chencer  nor  stranger  shall  buy 
any  corn  within  the  markett  nor  within  the  franchise  of  the  said 
town,  to  be  sold  again,  upon  pain  of  amerciament. 

34.  '  Item  it  is  ordained  that  noe  stranger  shall  buy  any  corn  in 
the  markett  until  the  portreeve,  aldermen  and  burgesses  be  served, 
except  gentlemen  for  their  own  household,  upon  pain  of  amercia- 
ment. 

39.  '  Item  it  is  ordained  that  noe  burgess  shall  buy  no  manner 
of  wares,  as  boards,  lathes,  tyles,  nor  noe  other  chaffre  for  any 
strangers,  whereby  the  libertys  and  freedom  of  the  said  town  may 
be  hurt  and  hindered  to  the  annoyance  of  any  other  burgess,  upon 
pain  of  three  shillings  and  four  pence  at  every  fault  and  offence 
comitted  therein.' — (Ibid.,  246-250.) 

KILKENNY. 

William  Marshall,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  conferred  various  privi- 
leges upon  his  burgesses  of  Kilkenny  (temp.  Henry  III) : — 
'  Nulli  mercatori  extranio  liceat  discicionem  pannorum  facere  vel 
tabernam  vinorum  habere  in  villa  kylkenn'  nisi  per  quadraginta 
dies,  et  si  amplius  hujusmodi  [habere  voluerit,]  tantum  [  ?  tune] 
faciat  per  communionem  Burgensium  ad  proficuum  ville  [quod] 

remaneat Item  liceat  Burgensibus  meis  Gyldam  mercatoriam 

&  alias  gildas  habere  &  suos  scotenos1  cum  omni  libertate  ad 
ipsos  spectante,  sicut  consuetude  est  aliarum  bonarum  villarum,' 
etc. — (Chariot^  etc.  Hiberniae,  34.) 2 

1  This  clause  (totidem  verbis}  occurs  in  several  Irish  charters.  See  Chartae 
Hiberniae,  37,  39,  47,  84,  and  P.  Gale,  Inquiry  into  Corp.  System,  p.  xii. 
'  Scotenos '  seems  to  be  a  grant  of  the  same  privilege  [as  '  hansam '  or  '  hansas  ' 
in  the  English  charters. 

8  Cf.  P.  Gale,  Inquiry  into  Corporate  System  .of  Ireland,  App.  No.  7. 


Proofs  anD  3IHustration&  135 

The  following  and  many  other  privileges  and  old  usages  of  the  KILKENNY. 
town  were  confirmed  by  Richard II  in  1383: — 'Item  elegi  debent 
annuatim  circa  festum  sancti  michaelis  in  dicta  villa  duo  prepositi 
de  Chepmenesild  ad  faciendum  que  ad  ilium  officium  pertinent, 
&  ipsi  prepositi  cognoscere  debent  coram  eis  de  metis  &  bundis 
factis  in  dicta  villa  inter  vicinum  et  vicinum1,  et  siqui  inde  coram 
eis  convincti  fuerint  per  presentacionem  vel  ad  sectam  partis 
amerciamentur,  &  misericordia  ilia  est  quinque  solidi,  &  illud 
amerciamentum  vertatur  in  usum  dicte  ville.  Item  prepositi 
dicte  ville  habere  debent  correccionem  de  assisa  panis  &  ser- 
vicie  &  correccionem  inde  facere  quociens  defectus  invenire  con- 
tigerit,  videlicet,  per  amerciamentum  &  penam  pillorii  juxta  formam 

statuti  inde  editi Item  clamant  quod  omnes  laboratores, 

Furnitores,  Cissores,  Sutores,  Fullones,  Textrices,  braceatores, 
pandaxatores  &  ceteri  operarii  &  omnes  Artifices  infra  metas 
ville  manentes  corrigantur  per  fines  &  amerciamenta  coram 
Superior!  &  Prepositis  ejusdem  ville  &  non  coram  aliis ;  et  illi 
fines  &  amerciamenta  dividantur,  videlicet,  quorum  medietas 
domino  ville  &  alia  medietas  Superiori  &  Communitati  ejusdem 
ville.  Item  clamant  quod  nullus  forincecus  seu  extraneus  mer- 
cator,  cujuscumque  condicionis  fuerit,  ad  villam  predictam  tern- 
pore  quoeumque  veniens  cum  mercimoniis  suis,  videlicet,  ferro, 
sale  &  vino  &  aliis  mercimoniis,  habeat  potestatem,  nisi  per 
licenciam  Superioris  &  Burgensium  ville  predicte,  dicta  merci- 
monia  vendicioni  exponere ;  et  si  aliqua  mercimonia  predicta  ex- 
ponere  vendicioni  vel  tabernam  vinorum  facere  voluerint  contra 
voluntatem  Superioris  et  Burgensium  dicte  ville,  quod  ilia  merci- 
monia &  vina  sunt  forisfacta  dictis  Superiori  et  communitati  dicte 
ville,  et  predicti  Superior  et  Burgenses  habeant  potestatem  pre- 
dicta forisfacta  recipiendi  &  in  usum  dicti  ville  expendendi  sine 

aliqua  calumpnia  cujuscumque  Judicis Item  clamant  quod 

nulli    extranii    mercatores    habeant    potestatem   aliquas    pellas 

1  This  is  the  function  of  the  Dean  of  Gild  in  Scotland.  In  only  one  other 
charter  (those  of  Scotland  excepted)  do  I  find  this  peculiar  clause,  i.  e.  in  the 
charter  of  1 3  Richard  II  to  New  Ross,  confirming  many  old  privileges  granted  in 
the  time  of  Henry  III, — Chartae  Hiberniae,  85. 


136  Cfte  <$ilD  agercfmnt, 

KILKENNY,  friscas   emerc   infra    metas   ville   nisi   per   licensiam   Superioris 
&  Communitatis,  etc.' — (Ibid.,  80-82.) 

LEICESTEK. 

Robert,  Earl  of  Mellent,  bestowed  the  Gild  upon  his  town  of 
Leicester  (1107-1118)  :— '  R.  Comes  de  MelF  R.  pint'  [?Pin- 
cerne]  atque  omnibus  baronibus  suis  Francigenis  atque  Anglicis 
tocius  sue  terre  Anglie  salutem.  Sciatis  me  concessisse  merca- 
toribus  meis  Leyc'  gildam  eorum  mercatorum  cum  omnibus 
consuetudinibus  quibus  [i.  e.  quas]  tenuerunt  in  tempore  regis 
Willielmi  et  regis  Willielmi  filii  eius  et  modo  in  tempore  Henrici 
Regis.  Teste  R.  filio  Alcitilli.' — (Leic.  Archives,  Borough  Charters, 
etc.,  fol.  68.) 

His  son,  Robert  Bossu,  who  died  in  1168  or  1169,  allowed  the 
burgesses  to  hold  the  town  of  him  at  the  old  rate  with  an  incre- 
ment of  £8.  They  were  not  to  plead  outside  the  town,  but 
only  at  their  portmanmote,  and  were  to  have  their  Gild  Mer- 
chant. 'Concede  etiam  eis  tenere  gildam  suam  mercatoriam, 
sicut  melius  umquam  tenuerunt  tempore  patris  mei.' — (Gent. 
Magaz.,  1851,  vol.  35,  p.  263.)  He  also  granted  them  the  fol- 
lowing : — ( Robertus  comes  Leycestrie  Radulpho  vicecomiti  et 
omnibus  baronibus  et  hominibus  suis  Francigenis  et  Anglicis 
salutem.  Sciatis  quod  ego  et  uolo  et  concede  quod  burgenses 
mei  de  Leycestria  teneant  omnes  consuetudines  suas  bene  et  in 
pace  et  honorifice  et  quiete  in  Gilda  et  in  omnibus  aliis  consue- 
tudinibus, sicut  eas  umquam  melius  et  quietius  et  honorificentius 
de  patre  meo  tenuerint.  Testibus/  etc. — (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1881, 
p.  404.) 

The  subjoined  charter  was  probably  granted  by  Robert  Bossu 
or  by  his  father : — *  R.  Comes  Leycestrie  omnibus  fidelibus  ...  [a 
blank]  Anglie  salutem.  Sciatis  me  concessisse  omnibus  burgen- 
sibus  meis  leycest'  guildam  marcatoriam  cum  omnibus  consue- 
tudinibus quas  habebant  in  tempore  patris  mei  et  antecessorum 
meorum.  Precipio  ut  bene  et  honorifice  et  quiete  teneant  ut 
unquam  melius.  Testibus,  R.  pint',  G.  Turuill',  Ric.  Magistro.' — 
(Leic.  Archives,  Borough  Charters,  etc.,  fol.  67.) 


Proofs  ann  3[llustration&          i37 

The  town  archives  of  Leicester  contain  many  valuable  Gild  LEICESTER. 
Rolls1,  extending  from  8  Richard  I  to  4  Richard  II.  The 
oldest  Roll  begins  thus  :  '  Isti  intrauerunt  in  Gildam  mercatoriam 
die  Sancti  Dionisii  proxima  post  aduentum  Comitis  in  Angliam 
post  deliberacionem  suam  de  captiuitate  sua  in  Francia  [1197], 
scilicet.'  The  third  membrane  of  this  Roll  is  headed :  '  Isti 
sunt  qui  intrauerunt  Gildam  Mercatoriam  die  Martis  primo  post 
ascensionem  domini  anno  primo  post  coronacionem  Domini 
Regis  Johannis.'  In  the  year  1197  about  60  persons  were  en- 
rolled, and  in  the  four  succeeding  years  28,  in,  24  and  36  re- 
spectively. Subjoined  are  a  few  entries  selected  from  the  two 
earliest  membranes  (1197-1198)  : — 

1  Walterus  de  NichoP ;  eius  plegii,  Wilke  Waterman,  Robertus 
de  Burg ;  quietus  de  introitu  et  de  hansis. 

Robertus  de  Burch  xx.  d. ;  eius  plegii,  Wilke  Waterman 
['taurus'  in  the  margin]. 

Willielmus  homo  Walteri  le  Mercer  iii.s.  \\ii.d. ;  eius  plegii, 
Robertus  le  Pot';  quietus  de  introitu  et  de  ansis  et  de  tauro  et 
de  omnibus  rebus. 

Johannes  de  Knapetoft ;  quietus  de  introitu  et  de  hans  et  de 
tauro. 

Walterus  films  Rogeri ;  eius  plegii,  Rogerus  pater  eius,  Ri- 
cardus  films  Rogeri;  quietus  de  introitu  et  de  hansis  et  de 
omnibus  rebus. 

Wilke  Onquom ;  quietus  de  toto ;  plegii  sui,  Warinus  de  Cor- 
stona,  Aco  de  Vunch' ;  quietus  de  introitu  et  de  ansis  per  totam 
Angliam. 

Johannes  films  Bald';  non  inuenit  plegios  quia  quietus  de 
omnibus  pro  iiii.  sol. 

Willielmus  de  Arington'  ii.  sol.  pro  tauro,  et  debet  iii.  sol.  ad 
proximam  Marwinspeche,  et  quietus  pro  omnibus  (?). 

Johannes  Auenar'  viii.^. ;  quietus  de  tauro  et  de  omnibus 
rebus. 

Radulphus  filius  Jocelini  habet  sedem  patris  sui. 

1  Cf.  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1881,  p.  404,  which,  however,  gives  a  very  meagre  de- 
scription of  the  contents  of  these  important  records. 


138  Cfce  <£tlD  egercfmnt* 

LEICESTER.       Simon  cum  Barba  habet  sedem  patris  sui. 

Henricus  Morkor  dedit  iii.  s. ;  plegii  sui ;  et  quietus  de  hansis 
et  de  omnibus  V 

Most  of  those  admitted  made  a  payment  and  presented  two 
sureties.  Among  the  names  entered  in  the  years  1200  and  1201 
are  William  the  stabler,  Peter  the  carpenter,  Osburn  the  farrier, 
Adam  the  miller  and  Gerald  the  baker.  The  Gild  Rolls  also 
contain  the  judicial  proceedings  of  the  Fraternity ;  but  its  juris- 
diction was  confined  to  mercantile  affairs. 

Besides  paying  the  entrance  fees  and  finding  two  pledges  or 
sureties  for  the  fulfilment  of  his  obligations,  the  new  member 
took  an  oath  of  fealty  to  the  Gild  : — 

'  Le  serment  de  ceux  qentrunt  la  Gylde. — Ceo  oyetz  vos  meyr 
et  vos  freres  de  la  Gylde  qe  ieo  leaument  les  leys  de  la  Gylde 
tendray,  et  ma  Gylde  bien  en  totes  eschoses  sueray,  et  ou  [i.e.  oue] 
mes  freres  de  la  Gylde  ou  qe  ieo  soye  escoteray,  sur  le  fee  le 
Euesqe  ou  .  .  .  [a  blank ;  supply  '  deinz  la  fraunchise '].  Et  qe 
ieo  garniray  mon  mair  et  le  bone  gentz  de  la  commune,  si  ieo 
sasche  nul  home  qe  marchaunde  deinz  la  fraunchise  qe  soit 
able  dentrer  la  Gylde.  Et  qe  ieo  serray  obedient  et  suaunt  al 
comaundement  del  mair  et  a  ses  somounes,  et  les  fraunchises  et 
les  bones  custumes  de  la  vile  a  mon  poeer  meynteneray.  Si 
deux  me  ayde  et  ses  seynz.  Amen.' — (Leic.  Archives^  Borough 
Charters ',  etc^  fol.  10.) 

The  above  is  in  the  handwriting  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
The  same  oath  in  English  was  used  in  the  fifteenth  century : — 

'  The  Oath  of  them  that  enter  into  the  Chapman  Gild. — This 
hear  you,  Mayor  and  ye  Brethren  of  the  Gilde,  that  I  truly  the 
customs  of  my  Gilde  shall  lawfully  hold,  and  my  Gild  in  all 
things  serve.  I  shall  lote  and  scot  with  my  brethren  of  the 
Gild,  whether  I  dwell  in  the  town  frauncheses,  or  in  the  Bishop 
Fee,  or  in  any  other  place.  Also  I  shall  warne  Mr.  Mayor  and 
the  good  folks  of  the  town  if  I  know  any  man  that  merchandized 
within  the  fraunches  of  this  town,  that  been  able  to  enter  into 

1  For  various  other  entries  see  Thompson,  Mimic.  Hist.,  51-52,  Hist,  of 
Leic.,  53-54,  61. 


proofs  ann  illustrations,  i39 

the  Chapman  Gilde.     And  also  I  shall  be  obedient  and  ready  LEICESTER. 
at  Mr.  Mayor's  commandement  and  sommons ;    and  the  good 
customs  and  fraunchisses  of  this  town  to  my  power  I  shall  main- 
tain, as  God  me  help  and  all  Saynts.' — (Nichols,  Co.  of  Leic.,  i.  377.) 


'  Anno  regni  Regis  Henrici  filii  Regis  Johannis  XL  quarto  die  A.D.  1260. 
Jouis  proxima  ante  diem  sancti  valentini  mense  ffebruarii,  com- 
muniter  fuit  prouisum  et  concessum  per  communitatem  Gylde, 
quod  omnes  qui  sunt  in  eadem  Gylda  possunt  libere  et  sine  aliqua 
occasione  emere  a  quibuscumque  voluerint  lanam,  prout  melius 
poterunt,  per  vellera  seu  per  pondus  et  stateram;  et  quod  poterunt 
partiri  desuper  lucro  cum  omnibus  a  quibus  mutuo  receperint 
denarios  ad  medietatem  seu  ad  terciam  partem  seu  ad  quartam 
partem  supradicti *  lucri,  prout  melius  potuerit  conueniri  inter  ac- 
comodantes  et  mutuo  recipientes;  et  quod  accomodatores  pote- 
runt adiuuare  illos  quibus  suos  denarios  ad  marcandisas  emendas 
[accomodauerunt],  vbicunque  voluerint  extra  villam  Leyc',  sic  ta- 
men  quod  accomodatores  qui  fuerint  extra  ipsam  Gyldam  non  se 
intromittent  aliquo  modo  de  ipsis  marcandisis  in  villa  Leyc'  neque 
de  denariis  inde  recipiendis  per  manus  mercatorum  extraneorum 
quibus  ipse  mercandise  fuerint  vendite.  Et  nullus  eorum  qui 
fuerint  in  Gylda  vendet  mercandisas  alicuius  qui  fuerit  extra 
Gyldam,  nisi  idem  venditor  prius  emerit  fideliter  et  pure  ipsas 
marcandisas.  Et  nullus  eorum  qui  fuerint  in  Gylda  ibit  per 
patriam  cum  mercatoribus  extraneis  ad  docendum  seu  ad  iu- 
uandum  illos  ad  marcandisas  emendas  ad  detrimentum  Gylde; 
et  si  quis  eorum  qui  fuerint  in  Gylda  venerit  contra  istam  proui- 
sionem,  amittet  Gyldam  suam.  Et  si  aliquis  de  Leyc'  qui  fuerit 
extra  Gyldam  eat  per  patriam  cum  mercatoribus  extraneis  ad  illos 
docendos  seu  adiuuandos  ad  marcandisas  aliquas  emendas  ad  de- 
trimentum Gylde,  prohibeatur  illi  introitus  Leyc'  per  vnum  annum 
et  diem  vnum.' — (Borough  Charters,  etc.,  fol.  41.) 

1  Cum  diuers  cuntecks  furent  unies  entre  le  Meyre  e  les  Bur- 
geis  homes  Sir  Edmoun,  frere  nostre  seygnor  le  Roy,  de  Leyc'  de 

1  MS.  'sup'.' 


140  Cfje  <SiID  agercfmnt 

LEICESTER,  vne  part  e  la  gent  le  Euesqe  de  Nichole  de  hors  la  porte  del  Est 
de  memes  la  vile  d'autre  part,  de  diuers  contribuciouns  qe  les 
auandis  Burgeys  demanderent  de  memes  cele  gent  le  Euesqe, 
audreyn  [i.e.  orendreit]  deuant  sir  Waut'  de  Helyon  e  sir  Johan  de 
Metingham,  justises  nostre  seygnor  le  Roy,  e  autre  bone  gentz,  qe 
de  la  cord  se  entremistrent  entre  les  parties,  Est  issi  aconuenu  e 
acorde,  ceste  a  sauer,  qe  a  totes  les  houres  qe  les  tenaunz  avantdis 
le  Euesqe,  qe  digne  sunt,  voilent  entrer  la  Gylde  marchaunde  de 
la  vile,  grauntent  le  Meyre  e  les  Borgeis  auantdits,  tant  cum  en 
eus  est,  qe  en  la  Gylde  seyent  rescuz  solum  la  forme  et  la  custume 
vsez  ca  e  enarere.  E  qe  les  auandis  tenans  le  Euesque  eyent  totes 
les  franchises  e  franche  custumys  qe  a  cele  Gilde  apendent  dedens 
vile  e  de  hors  e  partot.  E  pur  ceo  vnt  les  auantdis  tenans  le 
Euesqe  graunte  qe  desoremes  seyent  en  escot  e  en  lot  en  totes 
choses  qe  a  Gylde  apendent  ou  [i.e.  oue]  les  Burgeis  auantdis  solum 
lour  aferaunt ;  e  totes  les  houres  qe  les  Borgeis  front  duns  ou  pre- 
sens  au  Roy  ou  a  la  Reyne  en  lour  venues  en  les  parties  de  Leyc' 
a  la  mountaunce  de  la  value  de  vynt  liuers  ou  de  meyns,  E  a  lour 
seygnor  de  la  vile  de  Leyc'  a  ces  [i.e.  ses]  venues  a  la  value  de  vynt 
mars  ou  de  meyns,  e  a  ministres  le  Roy  e  a  autres  par  enchesbn 
de  ayder  et  de  maintener  les  franchises  de  la  Gylde,  meymes 
ceus  tenans  escotront  e  eydront  a  ceus  douns  e  presens  solum 
la  porcioun  ke  a  eus  apent,  par  renable  taxacioun  fete  par  prodes- 
homes  a  ceo  eluys  e  suses  des  vns  et  des  autres,  issi  ke,  si  les 
duns  e  les  presens  seient  fiez  par  comune  acorde  des  tenauns 
de  plus  grant  pris  e  value  qe  nest  supradit,  le  tenauns  le  Euesqe 
auandiz  escotrount  a  ceo  solum  la  cord  auant  fet.  Et  si  ceo  duns 
ou  presens  seyent  fet  de  plus  grant  value  saunz  le  assent  e  la  vo- 
lente  les  tenaunz  le  Euesque  suzdis,  a  ce  meimes  les  tenaunz  ne 
seyent  tenuz.  Et  qant  la  vile  de  Leyc'  chet  a  la  merci  le  Roy  ou 
face  fyn  par  enchesoun  de  trespas  qe  touche  la  commune  de  la 
Gilde,  les  auantdiz  tenaunt  escoterount  a  ceo  en  la  fourme  avant- 
dite ;  mes  ceo  nest  mye  a  entendre  pur  merci  ne  pur  fyn  fete  pur 
trespas  de  certeyne  persone  qe  dust  estre  puny  pur  son  trespas, 
demeyne  si  ceo  fut  par  commune  acord  de  tenauns  auantdis.  Ne 
ceo  nest  mie  a  entendre  qe  les  tenans  le  Euesqe  escotent  a  cele 


ana  3lilustration&          141 

manere  de  amerciement  ou  de  fyn  qe  touche  la  commune  de  la  vile  LEICESTER. 
e  ne  mye  la  commune  de  la  Glide,  fors  pris  ceus  qe  vnt  terres  ou 
tenemens  en  la  vile  de  Leyc'  ke  sount  Borgeys  de  la  vile  tut  seyent 
il  tenaunz  le  Euesqe.  E  kaunt  les  ministres  le  Roy  venent  pur  a 
asaer  les  peys  e  les  mesures  en  la  vile  e  en  le  subburbe  avantdit, 
E  memes  eels  ministres  voilent  prendre  commune  fyn  des  vns  ou 
des  autres  par  enchesons  de  trespas  truuez  en  celes  peys  e  en 
celes  mesures,  bien  grantent  eels  tenaunz  le  Euesqe  escoter  a 
cele  fyn  solum  la  porcioun  qe  a  eus  apent.  E  a  tutes  cestes  con- 
tribuciouns  a  aser  leaument,  issi  ke  chescun  seyt  charge  a  la  por- 
cioun ke  a  ly  apent,  serrount  eluiz  e  apeles  prodeshomes  tenans 
le  euesqe  de  ceo  veer  e  de  oyer  la  conte  qe  de  ceo  apent  ensement 
oue  les  prodeshomes  de  Leyc'.  E  les  auantdis  Borgeis  e  la  co- 
munaute  de  Leyc'  e  les  auandis  tenans  le  Euesqe  voilent  e  gran- 
tent,  pur  eus  e  pur  lour  heirs  e  pur  lor  assignes  e  pur  lor  succes- 
sours,  qe  eus  desormes  tengent,  gardent  e  facent  e  en  touz  poinz 
vsent  totes  les  choses  auantdites  a  tous  iours.  E  en  testimoine 
de  totes  cestes  choses  auantdites  le  meire  et  la  comune  pur  eus 
vnt  mys  lour  seel  de  la  comunaute  a  la  partie  de  ceste  escrit 
endente  ke  remeynt  de  vers  le  tenans  le  Euesqe  auandit.  E 
Peres  Vmfrey,  Rauf  Mikilloue,  Geffrei  de  Lidington,  William  de 
Lidington  e  Johan  Caritas,  Pur  eus  e  les  autres  gentz  le  Euesqe, 
a  la  partie  de  ceste  escrit  qe  deuers  les  auantdis  Meire  e  les 
Borges  remeint  vnt  mis  lor  sels,  E  escrit  ceo  comunement,  [e] 
Vnt  procur  ke  les  auantdis  sir  Waut'  de  Helyon  e  sir  Johan  de 
Metingham  Justises  e  sir  Thomas  de  Bray,  Seneschal  sir  Edmund, 
a  greignor  testmonage  de  ambe  pars,  as  escris  vnt  mys  lour  seels. 
Ay  ces  tesmoynes,  Mestre  Roger  de  Sarmhust,  dunqes  Archedekin 
de  Leyc',  Sir  Andreu  de  Estle,  Sire  Geffrei  de  Skeftinton,  Sir 
Ric.  Burdeyt,  Sir  Robert  Burdeyt,  Sir  William  de  Waleys  de 
Anlep,  Sir  Johan  le  Faukener,  Sir  William  Buck,  Cheualers, 
Roberd  de  Swillynton,  William  de  Heuoue,  Clercks  le  Euseqe 
auantdit,  Peres  de  Wakirle  et  altres.  Done  a  Leyc'  le  disuitym 
jour  de  Septembre,  Lan  del  incarnacioun  nostre  seignur  mil  e 
deuz  Cent  e  vitant  primeiz.' — (Borough  Charters^  etc.>  ff.  37-39.) 
In  the  'Constitutions'  made  by  the  Mayor  and  the  whole 


142 

LEICESTER.  Community  of  Leicester  3  Richard  II,  there  is  only  one  refer- 
ence to  the  Gild  : — '  Item  ordinatum  fuit  quod  Camerarii  annu- 
atim  colligent  omnes  redditus  nee  non  omnia  alia  et  singula  que 
pertinent  ad  communitatem  uille  predicte  et  ad  gildam  merca- 
toriam.' — (Borough  Charters,  fol.  78.)  In  the  fifteenth  century  the 
Chamberlains  of  the  town  on  assuming  office  swore  to  improve 
the  'livelode'  and  tenements  belonging  to  the  town;  also  to 
endeavour  to  improve  the  Chapman  Gild;  to  charge  and  dis- 
charge themselves  of  all  lands  and  rents  '  belonging  to  this  town 
and  of  the  Chapman  Gilde,'  etc. — (Nichols,  Co.  of  Leic.,  i.  377.) 

At  a  common  hall  held  in  1467,  it  was  ordered  that  every 
person  opening  a  shop  in  Leicester  should  pay  yearly  $s.  4^.,  till 
he  enter  into  the  Chapman  Gild. — (Ibid.,  i.  376.) 

Thompson  has  furnished  us  with  many  details  concerning  the 
Gild  Merchant  of  Leicester  \  He  sums  up  his  account  thus  :— 
'Briefly  stated  these  are  the  conclusions  at  which  the  writer 
arrived :  That  before  the  Incorporation  of  the  borough  whose 
history  he  was  inquiring  into  took  place,  its  inhabitants  generally 
were  members  of  a  Merchant  Guild ;  that  at  their  head  was  the 
Mayor  of  the  Guild ;  that  a  Council  of  the  Guild  was  periodically 
chosen ;  that  they  admitted  new  members  every  year,  to  whom 
an  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Guild  was  administered ;  that  they 
kept  a  yearly  account  of  receipts  and  expenses ;  that  they  levied 
local  taxation ;  that  they  repaired  the  gates,  walls  and  bridges  of 
the  town;  that  they  had  frequent  public  meals  of  bread  and 
wine  at  the  common  expense;  that  they  were  known  as  the 
"  Community  of  the  Guild  " ;  that  from  none  but  their  own  body 
were  their  officers  chosen ;  and  that,  in  fact,  the  whole  area  of 
municipal  administration  was  occupied  by  the  Guild  Merchant, 
which  was  the  governing  body  of  the  town  in  regard  to  all 
matters  except  the  enforcement  of  the  civil  and  criminal  law — 
the  latter  devolving  upon  the  "  Portmanmote,"  an  institution 
identical  in  its  nature  and  jurisdiction  with  the  Court  Leet  of 

1  See  Hist,  of  Leic.,  pp.  29-30,  52-54,  60-61,  67-70,  75-85, 90-92,  187,  226, 
228,  243  ;  Munic.  Hist.,  pp.  viii-xii,  35-38,  49-64,  80,  81,  86  ;  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  1851,  vol.  35,  pp.  261-263,  596-598  and  vol.  36,  pp.  248-249. 


proofs  ano  3(lliistration&  143 

the  borough.  The  writer  further  concluded  that  the  Merchant  LEICESTER. 
Guild  merged  in  the  Corporation  erected  in  the  reign  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  and  that  the  members  of  the  Guild  acquired  the 
name  of  "  freemen  "  at  the  same  period.' — (Munic.  Hist.,  p.  ix.) 
In  the  first  volume  of  this  work  we  have  pointed  out  that  some 
of  these  conclusions  are  not  tenable. 

Subjoined  is  a  brief  survey  of  some  of  the  transactions  of  the 
Gild  at  its  meetings,  which  were  called  '  morrow  -  speeches ' 
('  morwenspeche ') : — 

A.  D.  1254. — Roger  Alditch  was  charged  with  offending  the 
laws  of  the  Gild,  having  made  a  blanket  in  one  part  of  which 
was  a  good  woof,  but  elsewhere  in  many  places  weak  stuff.  He 
also  caused  a  piece  of  weak  and  inferior  vermilion  cloth  to  be 
attached  to  a  good  piece  of  the  same  kind  of  cloth.  It 
was  abjudged  that  he  should  pay  a  fine  of  6,r.  8</.  and,  if  he 
should  commit  another  offence  against  the  Gild,  he  should  be 
expelled.  William  of  Ayleston  was  accused  of  having  sold  the 
wool  of  the  men  of  Hinckley  and  Coventry  against  the  rule  of 
the  Gild.  He  was  fined  6o.r.  Rooert  of  Kent  was  charged  with 
selling  the  wool  of  strangers,  contrary  to  the  law  of  the  Gild. 
William  of  Pailington  transgressed  in  the  same  way. — ( Thompson, 
Leic.,  68,  69.) 

A.  D.  1257. — The  whole  Gild  in  full  assembly  agreed  that  the 
Leicester  merchants  going  to  the  next  fair  at  Stamford  with  wool, 
cloth  and  skins  should  have  them  carried  to  the  shops  in  which 
the  Leicester  merchandise  was  usually  deposited  and  cause 
them  to  be  opened  there  in  presence  of  the  neighbours.  Then 
they  could  take  them  where  they  pleased.  Regulations  were  also 
made  for  the  Leicester  clothiers  and  wool-dealers,  going  to  the 
next  fair  of  St.  Botolph. — (Ibid.,  75-76.) 

Hugh  at  the  Solar  having  struck  Roger  Alditch  in  the  market 
of  St.  Botolph,  and  the  latter  having  struck  the  former,  both  were 
fined  a  tun  of  beer  by  the  community  of  the  Gild.  The  words 
'  tunata  cervisie  '  often  occur  as  the  amount  of  the  fines  to  be  paid ; 
the  brethren  probably  partook  of  this  beer  at  the  morrow-speeches. 
-(Ibid.,  77.) 


144  Cfce 


LEICESTER.  44  Henry  III. — John  Keling  was  charged  with  trafficking  with 
money  of  a  man  not  in  the  Gild  and  receiving  a  share  in  the 
profits.  He  was  fined  i2d.  Three  others  were  fined  for  a  like 
offence.  In  September  of  the  same  year  it  was  ordered  that  no 
gildsman  should  sell  wool  or  other  merchandise  in  Leicester,  the 
property  of  strangers,  for  a  share  of  the  profits  accruing  therefrom, 
to  the  detriment  of  the  liberties  of  the  Gild1. — (Ibid.,  78-79.) 

A.D.  1261. — Regulations  were  made  for  the  clothiers  and 
drapers  at  the  fair  of  St.  Botolph. — (Ibid.,  79.) 

A.D.  1265. — It  was  ordered  by  the  Gild  that  the  weavers  of 
Leicester  should  be  allowed  to  weave  as  well  by  night  as  by  day ; 
that  they  should  take  for  every  ell  of  each  kind  of  cloth  a  far- 
thing, russets  excepted,  and  for  the  latter  three  farthings;  and 
that  they  should  not  be  permitted  to  weave  cloth  for  the  men  of 
other  towns,  while  they  had  sufficient  work  to  do  for  the  men  of 
Leicester. — (Ibid.,  84.) 

A.D.  1467. — At  a  Common  Hall  it  was  agreed  that  in  the  future 
none  should  enter  the  guildhall  at  any  Common  Hall  there  held, 
except  persons  franchised,  that  is  to  say,  entered  into  the  Chap- 
man's Gild.— (Ibid.,  187.) 

In  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  the  wardens  and  mem- 
bers of  the  Tailors'  Company  enacted  that  no  tailor  should  set 
up  his  craft  as  a  master  within  the  town,  unless  the  wardens  of 
the  craft  brought  in  los.  in  money,  to  be  paid  to  the  chamberlains 
of  the  town  for  his  duty  to  the  Chapman's  Gild,  upon  pain  of 
forfeiting  2os.  of  the  gild  of  tailors'  money. — (Ibid.,  228.) 

During  the  reign  of  Henry  VII  there  are  entries  of  freemen 
admitted  into  the  'Gild  Merchant.' — (Ibid.,  226.) 

From  the  time  of  Elizabeth  '  the  municipal  body  ceased  to  be 
known  as  the  Merchant  Guild  and  was  ordinarily  called  the  In 
corporation,  or  by  the  abbreviated  form  of  the  term,  the  Corpora- 
tion.'— (Thompson,  Munic.  Hist.,  86.) 

1  Similar  entries  occur  frequently  in  the  Gild  Rolls,  the  culprit-  being 
punished  for  forming  a  partnership  with  non-gildsmen, — '  quia  habuit  societatem 
in  mercimonio  [or  '  mercandizis ']  cum/  etc. 


Proofs  an&  3|Hustration&  145 

LEWES. 

'  Reginaldus  de  Warrenna  vicecomiti  de  Lewiis  et  omnibus  LEWES. 
baronibus  Comitis  ceterisque  uniuersis  eiusdem  hominibus  tarn 
francis  quam  anglicis  salutera.  Notum  uobis  sit  quod  ego  com- 
muni  consilio  prioris  de  Sancto  Pancratio  et  baronum  consulis 
reddidi  Burgensibus  lewiensibus  mercatoriam  Ghildam  cum  omni- 
bus consuetudinibus  et  dignitatibus  que  ad  illam  pertinent,  tarn 
quietam  et  liberam  sicut  habuerunt  illam  in  tempore  aui  et  patris 
mei,  pro  xx.  sol.  reddendo  annuatim  prefecture  de  Lewiis,  et  tali 
conuencione  quod  si  dominus  Comes  reduxerit,  pro  posse  meo 
faciam  quod  eis  ipse  predicto  pacto  prefatam  Gildam  concedet ; 
si  non  autem,  faciam  pro  posse  meo  quod  dominus  meus  Comes 
Willielmus  [de  Blois]  films  Regis  eis  eandam  concedet  Ghildam. 
Testibus,  Willielmo  priore  de  Sancto  Pancratio,  Ricardo  Came- 
rario,  Eustachio  clerico  comitis  Willielm  filii  Regis,  Hugone  de 
petroponte,  Rad.  de  Plaiez,  Rad.  de  Wibfurtvill],  Rob.  de 
petroponte,  Ad.  Vicecomite,  Baldewino  de  friuilP,  Simone  de 
Hangelton.' — (MS.  Cotton,  Nero  C.  iii.,  fol.  190.)* 

LICHFIELD  2. 

The  Gild  of  Lichfield  was  established  in  the  year  1387  by  a 
charter  of  Richard  II.  Besides  the  master,  four  wardens  and 
brethren,  there  were  five  priests  belonging  to  the  Fraternity.  In 
the  year  2  Henry  VII  the  Gild  made  certain  regulations  '  for  the 
worship  of  the  City,  unity,  peace  and  welfare  of  the  Commonalty.' 
The  Master  of  the  Gild  and  the  forty-eight  were  steadfastly  to 
abide  together  and  see  that  good  rule  be  kept  in  the  City.  The 
other  ordinances  relate  to  frays  with  blood-shed,  to  vagabonds, 
scolding  -women,  etc.  It  is  evident  that  this  Fraternity  was  the 
governing  body  of  the  town. — (Harwood,  Lichfield,  311-314.) 

1  The  membrane  in  the  Cotton  MS.  is  evidently  the  original ;  it  was  proba- 
bly granted  during  the  reign  of  Stephen.     The  '  Comes  '  referred  to  was  Re- 
ginald's brother,   the  third  Earl  Warren.      Cf.  Horsfield,  Lewes,  i.  168-170; 
Turner,  The  Ancient  Merchant  Guild  of  Lewes,  Sussex  Archaeol.  Collect.,  vol. 
xxi.  96-97. 

2  See  Harwood,  Lichfield,  311-335,  398  ;  Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  1925  ; 
and  A  short  Account  of  Lichfield,  1819,  pp.  79-81. 

L 


146  Cfie  <£ilD  sgjerctmnt, 

LICHFIELD.  Soon  after  the  dissolution  of  the  Gild  (2  Edward  VI),  the 
City  was  incorporated,  two  bailiffs  and  twenty-four  burgesses 
being  appointed,  twelve  of  whom  had  been  masters  of  the  Gild.— 

(Ibid.,  334.) 

The  Bodleian  Library  has  various  documents  relating  to  this  Fra- 
ternity. Ashmole  MS.  855,'  Collections  concerning  the  Antiquities 
and  History  of  the  City 'of  Lichfield,'  contains  indentures  of  lands 
belonging  to  the  Gild  (fol.  232),  and  ordinances  of  the  Gild  of  our 
Lady  and  St.  John  the  Baptist,  founded  in  the  year  1387  (ff.  243- 
249).  Aslimole  MS.  1521  A.  is  entitled  'Liber  Fratrum  Gildae 
et  Fraternitatis  in  villa  de  Lichfeild  in  honore  gloriosae  virginis, 
seu  ejusdem  Institutio  et  Leges  j  nomina  magistrorum  et  Funda- 
torum  atque  Omnium  Fratrum  Sororumque  nomina,'  etc.  (1387- 
1444).  Ashmole  MS.  1521  B.,  ff.  53-57,  contains  the  ordinances 
of  the  Gild  made  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII. 

Neither  in  Harwood's  account  of  this  body,  nor  in  the  Bodleian 
MSS.  do  we  meet  with  the  term  'Gilda  Mercatoria.'  The 
Lichfield  Fraternity  has  a  strong  religious  colouring ;  and  there 
is  a  marked  absence  of  mercantile  regulations  among  its 
ordinances. 

LINCOLN. 

'  Henricus  [II]  Dei  gratia  ....  Sciatis  me  concessisse  civibus 
meis  Lincolnie  omnes  libertates  et  consuetudines  et  leges 
suas  quas  habuerunt  tempore  Edwardi  et  Willelmi  et  Henrici 
regum  Anglie,  et  gildam  suam  mercatoriam  de  hominibus 
civitatis  et  de  aliis  mercatoribus  comitatus,  sicut  illam  habue- 
runt tempore  predictorum  antecessorum  nostrorum  regum 
Anglie  melius  et  liberius.  Et  omnes  homines  qui  infra  quatuor 
divisas  civitatis  manent  et  mercatum  dedecunt,  sint  ad  gildas  et 
consuetudines  et  assisas  civitatis,  sicut  melius  fuerunt  tempore 

Edwardi,  Willelmi  et  Henrici,  regum  Anglie.' (Foedera, 

i.  40;  Stubbs,  Charters,  I58.)1 

'Hoc  est  veredictum  xu.  juratorum  villate  Lude  (2  Edward  I) 

1  Cf.  '  Civitas  Lincolnia,'  p.  3. 


Proofs  anu  3[ilustration&  147 

Dicunt  quod  major  et  cives  Lincolnie  ventur'  [i.e.  utuntur]  LINCOLN. 

quadam  consuetudine  nomine  gilde  contra  regiam  dignitatem,  et 
ipsi  distringserunt  homines  de  Luda  jam  per  octo  annos  elapsos 

ad  dampnum  et  gravamen  villate  de  Luda  cm  marcarum 

Item  dicunt  quod  Rogerus  films  Benedicti  major  Lincoln'  cepit 
de  Alano  de  Helgelofe  dimidiam  marcam  antequam  ducere 
potuit  corias  suas  in  regia  via  Lincoln',  nomine  cujusdam  gilde 
anno  regni  regis  Henrici  L°  ad  dampnum  ipsius  Alani  vm 

sol Item  dicunt  quod  Rogerus  filius  Benedicti  major  Line' 

fecit  attachiare  Simonem  de  Alwingham,  Ricardum  filium  Walteri 
apud  Lennam  cum  bonis  suis,  nomine  gilde  injuste  et  contra 
pacem  domini  Regis,  ad  dampnum  predictorum  Simonis  et 
Ricardi  cm  sol.,  anno  regni  Regis  Henrici  LII°.  . . .  Item  postea 
venit  idem  Willelmus  tune  major  Line'  ad  nundinas  Sancti 
Botolphi  et  fecit  attachiare  Simonem  de  Alwingham,  Walterum  de 
Foro  de  Luda  cum  bonis  suis,  occasione  dicte  gilde,  ad  dampnum 
et  gravamen  eorum  cm  sol.,  quamvis  deliberati  fuerunt  per 
senescallos  et  mercatores  curie  Sancti  Botulphi  de  pluribus 

regionibus    ibi    collectos  anno    regni  Regis    Henrici    LV° 

Item  dicunt  quod  Rogerus  filius  Benedicti  nunc  major  Line* 
cepit  de  Gilberto  Rosel  de  Luda  equum  suum  in  regia  via 
Line',  ibi  veniente  ad  mandatum  domini  Regis  pro  deliberacione 
gayole,  et  detinuit  per  duos  dies,  donee  ballivi  domini  Regis 
predictum  equum  deliberaverunt,  ad  dampnum  ipsius  G.  dimidie 
marce,  occasione  dicte  gilde  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  primo.' — - 
(Rot.  Hundredorum,  i.  332-334.) 

'  Veredictum  de  Grimisby  in  Lindeseye  in  comitatu  Line'  anno 
regni  Regis  Edwardi  [I]  tercio,  et  est  de  dominico  Regis.' 
Among  other  entries  under  this  heading,  there  is  one  relating 
to  Lincoln  : — {  Dicunt  quod  Willielmus  de  Holegat',  quondam 
major  Line',  cepit  injuste  de  burgensibus  de  Grimesby  equos, 
vadia,  denarios  et  hujusmodi  pro  gildewite  ad  valenciam  x. 
marcarum,  contra  cartam  domini  Regis  Johannis  et  contra  regiam 
potestatem,  et  adhuc  ea  detinet  occupata.' — (Ibid^  i.  291.) 


L  2 


148  Cfte  ®tlD 


LIVEEPOOL. 

LIVERPOOL  Liverpool  received  a  grant  of  the  Gild  Merchant  from  Henry 
III  (1229)*,  but  it  was  annulled  by  the  charter  of  Richard  II 
(1382): — 'Ilia  clausula  superius  [i.e.  in  the  charter  of  Henry 
III]  expressa,  quod  nullus  qui  non  sit  de  gilda  ilia  mercandisam 
aliquam  in  predicto  burgo  faciat  nisi  de  voluntate  corundum 
burgensium,  penitus  excepta.'  Henry  IV  inspected  the  charters 
of  his  predecessors  without  excepting  the  Gild,  but  in  Queen 
Mary's  grant  of  the  year  1555  the  Gild  is  again  excepted. — 
(Picton,  Memorials  of  Ltv.,  i.  31,  49-)2 

In  the  year  1552  two  seneschals  of  the  Gild  Court  and  two 
Leavelookers  are  mentioned. — (Picton,  Selections  from  Liv. 
Archives ;  59.) 

A.D.  1565. — At  a  Port  Moot  of  the  Burgesses  it  is  re- 
corded :  c  We  find  and  order  that  all  wares  transported  and 
brought  into  this  borough  Corporate  and  Port  town  forth  of  the 
Queen's  Majesty's  realm  of  Ireland  by  the  way  of  merchandize, 
shall  be  brought  into  the  common  hall,  that  is  to  wit  into  the 
common  warehouse  of  this  town,  and  that  all  such  wares  sold  or 
bartered  between  foreigner  and  foreigner  shall  be  forfeit  as 
foreign  bought  and  foreign  sold, — felts  and  yarn  only  excepted,— 
and  that  it  shall  be  lawful  for  any  freeman  of  this  town  to  seize 
and  take  the  same 

*  Also  we  find,  order,  and  decree,  that  no  foreigner,  as  men  of 
Bolton,  Blackburne  or  any  other  places,  sell  any  iron,  wood,  or 
any  other  kind  of  wares  to  any  foreign  person  other  than  to  a 

freeman  of  this  town,  on  pain  of  forfeiture  of  the  same.' 

—(Ibid.,  75.) 

Produce  imported  was  first  to  be  offered  for  sale  to  '  the  mayor 
and  town.'  A  value  was  put  upon  it  by  the  four  Prizers 
(i.  e,  appraisers).  If  the  merchant  did  not  accept  the  price  offered 

1  Harland,  Mamecestre,  198-199;  Madox,  Excheq.,  i.  417. 

2  For  remarks  on  the  Gild  Merchant  of  Liverpool  see  Picton,  Mem.  of  Liv., 
i  12,  49^68  ;  Selections  from  Archives  of  Liv.,  17,  80,  295. 


Proofs  ana  31Hustratton&  149 

by  the  town,  he  had  to  bargain  with  the  latter  as  to  what  he  LIVERPOOL. 
should  pay  for  permission  to  sell  in  open  market. 

1590,  Novejmber  5th.  —  'George  Hodser  a  merchante  from 
Ireland,  whoe  brought  hither  certen   grayne,  to  wete,  Wheate 
and  Rye,  wcl1  was  thought  conveniente  to  have  ben  hadd  as  a 
common  bargain  for  the  towne ;  howbeit  after  some  conference 
in  the  haule  at  a  convocacion  there,  yt  was  agreed  betwene  Mr. 
Maior,  his  brethren  and  burgesses,  and  the  said  Hodser  that  the 
same  George  Hodser  in  consideracion  of  the  summe  of  XXVI..T. 
vm.  d.  by  him  to  be  paid  unto  the  towne,  he  should  have  libertie 
to  take  his  best  marquett  for  his  said  commoditie  within  the 
towne,  which  was  to  him  graunted,  and  soe  paide  for  the  same 
the   said   summe  of  xxvi.j.  vm.*/.  to  the  hands  of  Mr.  Bailiff 
Formebie  for  the  Towne's  use.' — (Ibid.)  80-8 1.) 

1591,  March  23rd,  at  an  Assembly, — 'It  was  inquired  whether 
corne   or  other  victuals  cominge  or  to  be  broughte  unto   this 
saide  towne  and  porte  of  Liverpoole  by  waye  of  merchandize 
may  lawfullie  and  by  the  orders  of  this  howse  be  bargained  and 
bought  by   anie   freeman  ,of  this   towne  wthoute    the   speciall 
licence  and  consente  of  Mr.  Maior  of  the  same  towne  for  the 
tyme  being,  wth  the  assente  also  of  the  aldermen  his  brethren 
and  burgesses,  the  same  goods  being  before  proffered  to  the 
towne  to  be  solde.    Whereunto  all  the  wholl  assemblie  (by  poles 
and  afterwards  wth  a  generall  voice)  made  answer  saying  yt  was 
not  lawfull  for  anie  one  to  bargain  or  buie  any  of  the  com- 
modities above  mentioned,  the  same  beinge  first  (to  be)  proffred 
to  the  towne  to  be  solde  as  is  above  said.'    An  offence  com- 
mitted by  Gyles  Brooke  'of  this  towne  merchant '  was  put  over 
to  another  day. — (Ibid^  81-82.) 

1591,  April  i4th. — 'Item,  concerninge  certen  Tallowe  called 
rendered  tallowe,  brought  hither  for  a  towne's  bargain,  the 
quantitie  whereof  beinge  soe  small  as  but  fyve  cwt.  or  there- 
abouts, yt  is  therefore  thought  mete  and  soe  agreed  upon  by  a 
common  consente,  that  from  henceforth  anie  freeman  of  this  said 
towne,  one  or  moe,  may  bargaine  and  buy  as  well  the  said 
quantitie  of  tallowe  above  mencioned  as  all  other  such  like 


150  Cfce  <$ifo  egercimnt, 

LIVERPOOL,  shall  fall  oute  as  this  doth,  not  filtte  for  a  common  bargaine; 
yet  nevertheles,  if  any  one  free  burgess  of  this  towne,  being  a 
townesman  shall  buie  anie  suche  quantitie,  he  shall  not  denie  one 
or  moe  of  his  neighbours  beinge  free  of  the  Corporacion  to  be 
partakers  threof  wth  him ;  soe  he  or  they  come  in  conveniente 
tyme.  And  that  the  first  buier  of  the  same  shall,  upon  suche 
bargain  or  contracte  made,  geve  undelaied  notice  and  knowledge 
hereof  to  Mr.  Maior  of  this  towne  for  the  tyme  beinge  or  to  his 
deputie,  soe  as  either  proclamacion  maye  be  made  or  els 
particular  warninge  be  geven  at  everie  freeman's  house  by  the 
under-bailiff  to  the  same  effects.  And  the  like  order  and  rule  to 
be  observed  for  corne  and  graine.' — (Picton,  Selections,  82-83.) 

The  oath  of  the  Burgess  of  Liverpool  in  1610  contained 
this  clause: — 'Youe  shall  -lykewise,  by  no  coloure,  covin  or 
deceipte,  free  anie  forrenier,  or  the  goods,  catails  or  merchan- 
dizes of  anie  forreigner,  or  other  person  whatsoever  not  free 
within  this  towne,  in  the  name  of  yor  proper  goods,  cataills,  or 
merchaundize,  whereby  the  Quene's  Majesties  custome,  her  heirs 
and  successors,  and  the  custome  of  this  towne  or  either  of  them, 
shall  or  maye  in  anie  wise  be  empeached,  empayred,  hindred, 
delaied,  or  embeselled.' — (Ibid.,  121.) 


LLANTBIS  SAINT. 

Hugh  le  Despenser  granted  to  his  burgesses  of  Llantrissaint, 
A.D.  1346.  among  other  immunities  (20  Edw.  Ill)  : — '  quod  burgenses  nostri 
predicti  esse  non  debeant  receptores  denariorum  nostrorum  nisi 
ta[ntu]m  de  denariisexeuntibusdeballivaPrepositatus  eiusdemville 
nostre,  nee  aliquis  seldam  apertam  de  aliquibus  merchandisis  nee 
tabernam  nee  corf  faciant  in  eadem  villa  nostra,  nisi  fuerit  cum  pre- 
dictis  burgensibus  nostris  [in]locamum  [i.e.  lotamum]  etscotamum 
et  infra  guldam  libertatum  receptus.  Nee  non  concessimus  eisdem 
burgensibus  nostris  quod  ipsi  et  successores  sui  guldam  inter 
eos  facere  possint  quo  tempore  et  quandocunque  voluerint  ad 
proficuum  ipsorum.' — (Archaeol.  Journal,  xxix.  352.) 


proofs  ana  3(flu$tration&  151 

LYNN  REGIS. 

The  Gild  Merchant  is  mentioned  in  charters  granted  to  Lynn  LYNN  REGIS. 
in  the  years  6  John  and  33  Edward  I  *.  The  latter  concedes  : 
'  quod  ipsi  et  eorum  heredes  ac  successores  burgenses  uille  pre- 
dicte  in  perpetuum  habeant  gildam  suam  mercatoriam  cum  omni- 
bus terris  et  edificiis  ad  gildam  illam  pertinentibus,  saluis  capi- 
talibus  dominicis  serviciis  inde  debitis  et  consuetis.' — (Town 
Archives  of  Lynn,  A  a.  6.)  A  charter  of  Henry  V  ordains  that 
the  Alderman  of  the  Gild  should  choose  four  of  the  most 
sufficient  Burgesses,  who  were  to  add  eight  others  to  their 
number.  These  twelve  were  to  elect  one  of  the  twenty-four 
Jurats  Mayor,  and  to  appoint  the  other  town  officers 2. 

Almost  all  men  of  note  in  the  town  were  members  of  this 
'  Gild  Merchant  of  the  Holy  Trinity,'  which  was  very  intimately 
connected  with  the  Corporation  of  Lynn,  as  is  evident  from  the 
documents  given  below.  'The  Alderman  of  it  was  always  the 
leading  man  of  the  24  Jurats,  next  to  the  Mayor  in  importance ; 
and  its  funds  were  always  at  the  service  of  the  Corporation,  and 
served  to  stop  a  gap  on  many  a  pressing  emergency.  At  one 
time  the  income  of  the  Guild  was  from  £300  to  £400  (which 
represents  at  least  from  £3000  to  £4000  of  our  money).  Much 
of  the  Corporation  property  at  the  present  day  originally  belonged 
to  the  Trinity  Guild 3.  Prominent  in  the  town,  in  the  centre  of 
the  Saturday  Market  place,  stands  the  Guildhall,  formerly  the 
Hall  of  the  Trinity  Guild.' — 'There  never  was  any  great  work 
going  on  for  the  advantage  of  the  town  to  which  it  did  not 
largely  contribute.  The  conduit  of  St.  Margaret  at  one  time,  the 
town  defences  at  another,  the  church  and  chapels,  all  were  largely 
indebted  for  gifts  or  loans.'  During  the  reign  of  Henry  V,  the 
Gild  held  the  bonds  of  the  Corporation  for  loans  of  more  than 
£450. — (Harrod,  Report,  26-27,  31-) 

The  archives  of  Lynn  are  rich  in  materials  illustrating  the 

1  Rot.  Chart.,  138  ;  Mackerell,  Lynn,  200. 

2  Mackerell,  201 ;  Harrod,  Report  on  Records  of  Lynn,  96,  98. 

3  Cf.  Blomefield  and  Parkin,  Norfolk,  viii.  506. 


Cfce 


REGIS,  history  of  this  Fraternity. 
Gild  Rolls  1:- 


The  following  is  a  schedule  of  the 


Bede  Roll,  temp.  Edward  I    ........  Gd.  44. 

Morowspeche  Rolls,  14-31  Edward  I  .....  Gd.  45. 

},  „      temp.  Edward  III  .....  Gd.  46. 

Memoranda  Rolls,  8  Richard  II     ......  Gd.  47. 

„      11-12  Henry  VI    .....  Gd.  48. 


Account  Rolls 2 : — 

47  Edward  III.     .     .     .  Gd.  49. 

8-9  Richard  II  (2)     .     .  Gd.  50-51. 

lo-ii  Richard  II ...  Gd.  52. 

13-14  Richard  II  ...  Gd.  53. 

19-20  Richard  II  (paper)  Gd.  53*. 

7-8  Henry  IV  .     .     .     .  Gd.  54. 

12-13  Henry  IV   ...  Gd.  55. 

4-5  Henry  V    ....  Gd.  56. 

9-10  Henry  V.     .     .     .  Gd.  57. 

i  Henry  VI Gd.  58. 

3-4  Henry  VI  ....  Gd.  59. 

10  Henry  VI    ....  Gd.  59*. 

16-17  Henry  VI    .     .     .  Gd.  60. 

1 7-18  Henry  VI  .     .     .  Gd.  61. 


19-20  Henry  VI   ...  Gd.  62. 

22-23  Henry  VI    .     .     .  Gd.  63. 

3-4  Edward  IV     .     .     .  Gd.  64. 

7-8  Edward  IV     ...  Gd.  65. 

8-9  Edward  IV     ...  Gd.  66. 

14-15  Edward  IV     .     .  Gd.  67. 

17-18  Edward  IV      .     .  Gd.  68. 

18-19  Edward  IV     .     .  Gd.  69. 

i  Edward  V      .     .     .     .  Gd.  70. 

8-9  Henry  VII      .     .     .  Gd.  71. 

18-19  Henry  VII.     .     .  Gd.  72. 

23-24  Henry  VII .     .     .  Gd.  73. 

Fragments  undated    .     .  Gd.  74. 


The  Bede  Roll  is  headed,  '  Hii  sunt  fratres  Gilde  Mercatorie 
de  Lenna  defuncti,'  and  contains  about  850  names 3. 

The  Morowspeche  Rolls 4  record  the  entrance  of  new  members 
at  the  four  morowspeche-meetings  held  during  the  year,  with  the 
fees  paid ;  also  fines,  tallages,  etc.  imposed  upon  the  brethren ; 
the  election  of  new  officers  ;  and  the  accounts  of  the  '  scabini,'  or 
'  skevins.'  Subjoined  are  a  few  extracts  : — 
A.D.  1289.  '  Morowspeche  die  ueneris  proxima  post  Pentecostem  anno 

1  Harrod  (Report,  25-33)  also  gives  a  brief  account  of  these  documents,  with 
a  few  extracts  from  the  Account  Rolls. 

2  In  addition  to  the  Rolls  there  are  several  other  documents  at  Lynn  relating 
to  this  Gild  : — letters  patent  (19  Henry  VI)  incorporating  the  Gild,  licences  to 
hold  lands  on  the  quay,  etc.  (16  Richard  II)  and  to  purchase  Scales'  Mill  (26 
Henry  VI),  three  pardons  under  the  Great  Seal  to  the  Alderman,  etc.  of  the 
Gild  (Henry  VI — Henry  VII),  and  a  Terrier  of  lands  of  the  '  Gilda  Mercatoria  ' 
in  South  Lynn  (4  Edward  IV). 

3  Two  membranes,  both  sides  covered  with  writing. 

*  Gd.  45  consists  of  four  tattered  membranes  and  two  fragments  ;  Gd,  46, 
four  membranes,  well  preserved. 


proofs  ana  3[llustration&  153 

regni  regis  Edwardi  xvn°,  Roberto  de  Lend'  Aldermanno,  W.  de  LYNN  REGIS. 
Lymar'  Suffragano. 

Eodem  die  Radulphus  filius  Ricardi  Sofucl'  filius  fratris  intrauit 
fraternitatem,  iuratus,  dedit  iura  domus,  finitum  mi.  s.,  quos 
statim  soluit. 

Eodem  die  Alex'  de  Yspania  intrauit  fraternitatem,  iuratus, 
dedit  iura  domus,  finitum  IIII..T.,  quos  statim  soluit. 

Thomas  Schilling  eodem  die  intrauit  fraternitatem,  iuratus, 
dedit  iura  domus,  finitum  XL.J.,  soluit  statim  xx.j.,  dabit  alios 
xx.  s.  ad  proximam  potacionem.  Plegii,  Willielmus  frater  suus 
et  Galfridus  le  Panere. 

Eodem  die  Willielmus  Liburta  intrauit  fraternitatem,  iuratus, 
dedit  iura  domus,  finitum  i.  dolium  uini,  quod  pacabit  ad  proxi- 
mam potacionem,  per  plegium  Johannis  Spaldingae  et  Ricardi 
de  Docking', 

.  «  •  «  .  i  •  • i  •  •  .'  t 

Morwespeche  die  ueneris  proxima  septima  quadragesime  anno 
regni  regis  Edwardi  filii  Henrici  xxi°,  Petro  de  Thrund  Alder-  A.D.  1293. 
manno. 

Eodem  die  computauerunt  quod  tota  communa  tenetur  Gylde 
per  tallagium  de  Gylda  denariis  eiusdem  Gylde  ad  opus  commune 
mutuatis  xxxvi.//.  vi.s.  viu.d.,  et  inde  recepit  Aldermannus  tal- 
lagium integrum  de  Maiore  et  communa. 

Eodem  die  habuerunt  LXXX.  molas  non  uenditas  et  quatuor 
molas  precii  LX.//. 

Eodem  die  habuerunt  in  debitis  per  tallagium  totum  diuersas 
personas  xxvn.#.  v.s.  \\\.d. 

Morwespeche  die  ueneris  prima  septima  quadragesime  anno 
regni  regis  Edwardi  xv°,  Petro   Thrund   Aldermanno,  Johanne  A,D.  1287. 
Lambert,  Roberto  de  London,  Ranulpho  Coco,  Petro  Lomb  et 
Ranulpho  Clerico,  Scabinis. 

Eodem  die  dicti  scabini  reddiderunt  compotum  suum,  unde 
omnibus  expensis  factis  allocatis  summa  catallorum  huius  frater- 
nitatis,  cum  debita  Philippi  de  Bek,  scilicet,  xvi.  //.  et  i.  marc',  eciam 
cum  v.  taliis  antiquis  et  xv.  taliis  nouis,  est  ccc./z.  xiu.s.  v.d. 


154 


LYNN  REGIS.  Eodem  die  Johannes  de  Yspania  essoniatus  cum  multis  aliis  de 
Alano  de  Lyndes,  quod  eos  implacitat  contra  statuta. 

Eodem  die  Johannes  de  Balttuc  essoniatus  de  Ricardo  de 
Docking',  quod  ipsum,  etc.  contra  statuta,  et  Ricardus  optulit  se 
satisfacere. 

Eodem  die  Aldermannus  et  Scabini  cum  consilio  fratrum  huius 
domus  ex  certa  causa  amouabant  Johannem  de  Folesham  ab 
officio  decani  domus  huius,  et  elegerunt  Johannem  de  Dylham 
ad  exercendum  illud  officium  ad  uoluntatem  confratrum  per  scru- 
tinium(?),  et  hoc  ad  dicta  iura  melius  (?)  facienda.' — (Town 
Archives  of  Lynn,  Gd.  45.) 

A.D.  1339.  'Eodem  die  [ueneris  septima  Pentecostes,  13  Edw.  Ill] 
Aldermannus  et  confratres  ex  vnanimi  assensu  elegerunt  [12 
names],  qui  iurati  elegerunt  [4  names]  ad  officium  scabinorum. 

A.D.  1328.  Eodem  die  [2  Edw.  Ill]  confratres  vnanimi  assensu  et  uolun- 
tate  ordinauerunt  et  statuerunt  quod  nullus  homo  extraneus  de 
cetero  intrabit  fraternitatem  Gilde,  nisi  det  pro  fine  sexaginta 
solidos  et  iura  domus.' — (Ibid.,  Gd.  46.) 

The  Memoranda  Rolls  of  8  Richard  II  and  11-12  Henry  VI 
(in  all  only  two  membranes)  contain  entries  somewhat  similar  to 
those  of  the  preceding  Rolls,  but  the  term  '  congregatio '  super- 
sedes '  morowspeche.5  The  officers  of  the  Gild  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI  were  called  '  magister,'  '  thesaurarius,'  '  clericus '  and 
*  decanus.' 

'Congregacio  Gilde  Mercatorie  Sancte  Trinitatis  die  ueneris 

A.D.  1385.  septima  Pentecostes  anno  regni  regis  Ricardi  octauo,  Thoma  de 
Botkesham  tune  Aldermanno  eiusdem  Gylde. 

Johannes  Cotton  burgensis  uille  Cantebrugg'  ingressus  est  in 
fraternitatem  Gilde  predicte  die  Mercurii  proxima  post  Epipha- 
niam  domini  anno  regni  regis  Ricardi  supradicto,  et  inuenit 
plegios  de  suo  bono  gesto  et  fine  pro  ingressu  soluendo,  Johannem 
de  Titleshall  et  Thomam  Drewe,  et  fecit  finem  pro  dicto  ingressu 
ci.  s.  vin.  d.,  et  inde  habet  in  mense  sequente  diem,  et  dicitur.' 


proofs  ano  illustrations,  155 

There  are  twenty-nine  Account  Rolls,  most  of  them  consisting  LYNN  REGIS. 
of  several  membranes  each.  The  contents  relate  chiefly  to 
entrance-fees,  the  sale  of  mill-stones,  marble  and  other  stones, 
rents  of  houses  belonging  to  the  Gild,  'cranage,  kayage  and 
plankage,'  the  stipends  of  chaplains,  alms,  expenses  for  burials 
and  festivities,  arrears  of  the  '  scabini '  and  members,  and  miscel- 
laneous expenses.  The  old  name  'gilda  mercatoria'  still  con- 
tinued to  be  used : — '  Computus  .  .  .  vnius  scabini  Gilde  Mer- 
catorie  Sancte  Trinitatis'  (8-9  Richard  II. — Gd.  50-51.) 

In  a  long  composition  made  between  the  Bishop  of  Norwich, 
and  the  Mayor  and  Community  of  Lynn  (A.D.  1309),  we  find 
the  following : — '  Concesserunt  eciam  Major  et  Communitas  ante- 
dicta  ut  omnes  ordinaciones  et  statuta  Gyldarum  uel  eciam  ipsius 
Communitatis,  si  que  fuerint,  per  quas  vel  que  libertas  vendendi 
et  emendi  in  dicta  villa  Lenn'  fuerit  impedita,  quominus  Com- 
burgenses  ville  predicte  possent  libere  mercandisare  uel  extranei 
quicunque  pro  estoueriis  propriis  necessaria  sibi  emere,  vt  in 
molis  uel  aliis  mercandisis  quibuscunque,  ad  dampnum  tarn 
Communitatis  ipsius  quam  tocius  patrie  adiacentis,  amodo  et 
exnunc  reuocentur  et  annullentur,  nee  talia  fiant  in  futurum; 
et  si  de  ipsa  Communitate  aliquis  in  hoc  culpabilis  in  posterum 
reperiatur  per  ballivos  et  ministros  Episcopi  ad  querelam  cuius- 
cunque  ex  hoc  lesi  debitam  facere  teneatur  emendam,  quociens- 
cunque  et  quandocunque  de  hoc  ministris  dicti  Episcopi  con- 
stiterit  legitime.  Si  que  autem  statuta  uel  ordinaciones  pro 
vtilitate  communi  in  villa  predicta  fieri  debeant,  de  consensu 
Episcopi,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit,  tanquam  domini  ville  Lenn', 
et  non  aliter,  sunt  facienda. — Concesserunt  eciam  Maior  et  Com- 
munitas antedicta,  sub  forma  qua  prius,  ut  nullus  de  ipsa  Com- 
munitate cum  alienigenis  aliquas  mercandisas  exercens  quicquam 
de  precio  inter  eos  primitus  conuento  et  concordato  sine  vendi- 
toris  assensu  defalcare  presumat  seu  diminuere,  cum  ex  hoc  tarn 
dictus  Episcopus  quam  ipsa  Communitas  maxima  et  grauia 
dampna  in  preterite  senserint  euidenter.  Et  vt  alienigene  et 
ceteri  mercatores,  qui  ex  causis  predictis  a  villa  predicta,  iam  diu 
est,  se  subtraxerunt,  ad  eandem  libertius  et  frequentius  confluant 


LYNN  REGIS,  in  futurum,  concessum  est  per  Maiorem  et  Communitatem  ante- 
dictam,  ut  omnes  alienigene  ad  dictam  villam  confluentes  pro  mer- 
cibus  suis  vendicioni  exponendis,  per  quadraginta  dies  morentur 
libere  absque  eorum  impedimento  uel  contradiccione,  sicut  alibi 
in  Communitatibus  uel  Burgis  Mercatoriis  communiter  in  Anglia 
est  vsitatum.  Quod  si  quis  super  hoc  alicui  impedimentum 
prestiterit,  per  ballivos  Episcopi  ad  sectam  cuiuscunque  querentis 
in  Curia  dicti  Episcopi  rectum  inde  teneatur. — Concesserunt 
eciam  Maior  et  Communitas  antedicta  ut  de  nullo  dictam  villam 
Lenn'  inhabitare  volente  pro  inhabitando  quicquid  violenter 
extorqueant  uel  aliquid  eo  pretextu  requirant,  cum  hoc  sit  ex- 
presse  contra  libertatem  et  dominium  Episcopi  antedicti.  Set 
si  quis  per  annum  moram  traxerit  in  villa  predicta  et  in  ea 
vlterius  tanquam  incola  morari  voluerit,  ita  quod  vlterius  ex- 
traneus  dici  non  valeat,  extunc  racionabilibus,  vtilibus,  debitis, 
consuetis  et  communibus  predicte  villeLenn'  auxiliis,  sicut  ceteri  de 
villa,  iuxta  facultates  suas  contribuere  teneatur.  Sic  tamen  ut 
pretextu  solius  inhabitacionis  nichil  a  quocunque  exigatur  om- 
nino. — Concesserunt  eciam  Maior  et  Communitas  antedicta  ut 
voluntaria,  immoderata,  irracionabilia  et  onerosa  talliagia,  que 
per  Potenciores  ville  predicte  super  mediocres  et  inferiores  ad 
eorum  oppressionem  et  dicte  ville  depauperacionem  non  modicam 
absque  causa  prius  multociens  sunt  imposita  et  per  graues  dis- 
tricciones  ab  eisdem  violenter  extorta,  amodo  non  riant  in 
futurum,  sed  cum  vtilitas  uel  necessitas  hoc  exegerit,  racionales 
et  moderate  fiant  contribuciones  indistincte  iuxta  facultates  vnius- 
cuiusque  absque  personarum  exceptione ;  de  quibus  raciocinia 
coram  aliquibus  de  quocunque  gradu,  videlicet,  de  Potencioribus, 
Mediocribus  et  Inferioribus  pro  loco  et  tempore  per  adminis- 
tratores  et  receptores  contribucionum  predictarum  racionabiliter 
et  legitime  sunt  reddenda.' — (Addit  Charter ;  Mus.  Brit.^  2014.)  * 
'  Memorandum  quod  die  veneris  in  septima  Pentecostes  anno 

A.D.  1335.  regni  regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu  ix°,  Conuocata  in  Aula 
Gilde  communitate  et  confraternitate  Magne  Gilde  Sancte  Trini- 

1  Addit.  MS.,  Mus.  Brit.,  31294,  ff.  11-21,  contains  a  transcript  of  this  docu- 
ment ;  an  original  is  in  the  archives  of  Lynn. 


Proofs  anli  3|llustration&  157 

tatis,  concordatum  fuit  et  ordinatum  vnanimi  assensu  omnium  LYHN  REGIS, 
ibidem  existencium  in  perpetuum  duraturum,  quod  omnes  alieni- 
geni  in  portum  de  Lenn'  cum  meremio  applicantes  et  per 
centum  uel  miliarium  tignum  vel  bordas  vendentes  dabunt  ad 
quodlibet  centum  duo  tigna  vel  duas  bordas  vltra  numerum 
centum,  et  sic  de  quolibet  centum  quamvis  vendant  per  milia- 
rium.'— (Lynn  Archives,  Red  Register,  fol.  80  b.) 

The  following  Ordinances  are  taken  from  the  Morowspeche 
Rolls  of  the  reign  of  Edward  III : — 

'  Ces  sunt  les  Ordinaunces  nouelement  ordine  de  la  Gilde 
seinte  trinite,  si  les  freres  volent  a  sentir. 

Primes  Ordine  est  que  les  eskiuenis,  que  serunt  elus  par  les 
freres  del  auauntedite  Gilde,  trouent  surte  du  chatel  de  la  Gilde  et 
pur  duner  a  cunte  du  chatel  et  del  enpruement  a  chef  del  an,  issi 
que  avauntdist  chateus  ensemblement  seit  deliuere  devaunt  le 
Alderman  et  les  freres  a  chef  del  an. 

Ausi  Ordeine  est  que  nul  frere  ne  autre  humme  pora  clamer 
desoremes  pro  prete  alimeines  des  rentes  ne  des  tenemens  que 
sunt  apertenaunz  a  la  Gilde  ne  nule  esement  saunz  cunge 
demaunder  le  Alderman  ou  a  les  eskiuenis,  que  adunke  serunt 
donunt  a  cunte  des  prouinenz  des  rentes  et  des  tenemens  a  chef 
del  an  a  le  Alderman  et  a  les  freres. 

Ausi  Ordeine  est  que  desoremes  nule  frere  ne  meine  ouue  lui 
en  la  sale  nul  de  ses  garcuns  pur  seer,  mes  atende  sun  seingniur 
al  hus  et  demaunde  a  beuier  au  deu,  e  horn  le  fra  auer  asez  *. 

Ausi  Ordene  est  que  desoremes  nul  fis  de  frere  ne  puse  clamer 
nule  auauntage  de  la  gilde  apres  la  mort  sun  pere  la  ou  sun  pere 
entrast  e[n]  la  gilde  saunz  fin  fere,  mes  si  il  volier  entrer,  entre 
ausi  cum  estraunge. 

Ausi  Ordene  est  si  nule  frere  i  entre  desoremes  et  sun  fin  seit 
arere  apres  le  iur  que  lui  sera  done  du  paiment,  desperte  la 
fraternite  pur  tut  iurs,  si  il  ne  face  fin  de  nouel,  et  que  le  Alder- 
man puse  purchacer  par  la  ley  vers  le  princepal  et  ses  plegges 
ausi  ben  des  dettes  que  sunt  duues  qui  [i.e.  que]  ces  que  sunt 
auenir. 

1  Cf.  below  p.  161  §  14. 


158  Cfje 

• 

LYNN  REGIS.  Ausi  Ordene  est  que  nule  frere  ne  face  ses  amaundement  de 
nule  ren  saunz  conge  du  den  ou  des  skiuenis,  mes  ce  que  il  vot 
auer  seit  demaunde  a  les  eskiuenis  ou  au  den,  et  si  autrement 
face  seit  en  la  merci  de  deus  sous  a  le  aumone  a  prochein 
morwespeche. 

Ausi  Ordene  est  que  nule  homme  ne  preste  ren  du  chatel  de  la 
gilde  a  la  comune  ne  a  nule  autre  saunz  conge  le  Alderman,  et  si 
ren  seit  preste  a  la  comune,  face  bone  surete  a  le  Alderman  et  a 
les  freres,  et  autrement  nent. 

Ausi  Ordene  est  si  nul  eskiuein  seit  elu  par  le  Alderman  ou 
par  les  freres  del  auaunt  dite  Gilde  et  ne  vot  mye  receiuier  le 
office  que  lui  sera  balie  par  le  Alderman,  seit  en  la  merci  de  vn 
tonel  de  vin,  ou  desperte  la  fraternite  pur  tut  iurs.' — (Lynn 
Archives,  Gd.  46.) 

3  Edw.  I.  '  Communitas  Lenn'  aliter  utuntur  libertate  sua  quam 
facere  debent  eo  quod  recipiunt  in  avocacione  sua  extraneos  occa- 
sione  gilde  sua  [i.  e.  sue],  ita  quod  ipsi  extranei  sunt  quieti  alibi  de 
toloneis  in  foris,  nundinis  etburgis,ad  grave  dampnum  domini Regis 
et  aliorum  habencium  fora  et  nundinas.' — (Rotuli Hund.^  i.  461.) 

The  subjoined  account  of  the  Trinity  Gild  with  the  '  Rules  and 
Ordinances '  and  '  Usages  and  Customs '  is  taken  from  Richards' 
History  of  Lynn  : — 

*  This  Guild  was  said  to  have  its  rise  and  beginning  before  the 
reign  of  King  John,  as  appears  from  the  answer  of  Thomas 
Botesham,  alderman  of  it,  and  his  brethren,  in  the  time  of 
Richard  II,  to  a  writ  of  enquiry  of  that  king  relating  to  its 
foundation,  authority,  &c. :  that  its  origin  was  not  known,  that 
King  John,  considering  the  great  concourse  of  merchants  to  this 
town,  granted  the  alderman  that  then  was,  and  the  commonalty 
and  their  successors,  by  Letters  patents,  bearing  date  in  his  sixth 
year,  that  they  might  have  a  guild  of  merchants  in  the  said  town ; 
and  Henry  III.,  son  to  the  said  King  John,  by  his  Letters 
patents,  granted  one  of  their  own  body  and  community  to  be 
mayor  of  the  said  town,  which  said  mayor  and  alderman  for  the 
time  being,  should  always  have  the  rule  and  government  of  it ; 
.and  which  said  alderman,  in  the  vacancy  of  a  mayor,  or  in  the 


ann  lustrations  i59 

absence  of  the  mayor  from  the  said  town,  should  have  the  rule  LYNN  REGIS. 
and  government  of  the  said  community,  as  the  alderman  and  his 
predecessors,  the  aldermen  of  the  said  town,  had  and  enjoyed. 

'  As  to  their  possessions,  &c.  they  are  thus  returned  to  the 
aforesaid  enquiry :  That  they  had  a  place  called  the  Common 
Staith  with  its  appurtenances,  valued  at  427.  6.r.  8*/.  per  annum 
clear,  besides  all  reprises,  That  the  goods  and  chattels  of  the 
aforesaid  Guild  amount  in  the  whole  to  26o/.  13^.,  viz.  in  ready 
money  6o/.  13^.,  In  divers  merchandize  2oo/.,  and  in  many 
books,  vestments,  and  chalices,  and  other  ornaments  for  the 
chaplains  of  the  said  Guild  performing  Divine  service  as  well  in 
the  parish  church  as  in  the  chapels  annexed  to  the  said  church, 
and  in  wax  for  lights  in  the  said  church  and  chapels,  in  the 
honor  and  laud  of  the  holy  Trinity,  yearly  found,  and  for  torches 
at  the  funerals  of  poor  brethren,  &c.  of  the  said  Guild ;  and  that 
out  of  the  profits  of  the  common  Stathe,  and  out  of  the  goods  and 
chattels  aforesaid,  together  with  diverse  goods  and  chattels  be- 
queathed and  left  to  the  said  Guild,  the  alderman,  &c.  sustain 
and  find  thirteen  chaplains,  daily  and  yearly  to  pray,  as  well  for 
the  king,  his  ancestors,  and  for  the  peace  and  welfare  of  his  king- 
dom, as  for  the  souls  of  all  the  aldermen,  brethren,  and  bene- 
factors of  the  said  Guild,  also  for  the  souls  of  all  the  faithful 
deceased ;  six  of  which  officiated  in  the  church  of  St.  Margaret 
aforesaid,  four  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Nicholas,  and  three  in  the 
chapel  of  St.  James  in  Lenne,  who  all  day,  as  they  are  stated  and 
appointed  in  the  church  and  chapels  aforesaid,  celebrate  high 
mass  by  note,  and  on  Sundays  and  other  festival  days,  celebrate 
mass  at  Mattins,  and  at  Yespers  by  note ;  and  if  any  of  the  afore- 
said chaplains  neglects  his  duty  and  office,  or  is  not  of  an  honest 
life  and  conversation,  when  he  has  been  admonished  by  the  alder- 
man, and  does  not  amend,  he  is  removed  from  the  service,  and 
the  said  alderman  appoints  another  able  and  honest  one  in  his 
place.  And  further,  that  out  of  the  profits  of  the  said  Common- 
Stath,  goods  and  chattels  aforesaid,  many  almsdeeds  and  works 
of  charity  were  yearly  given,  which,  one  year  with  another,  are 
computed  at  3o/.,  viz.  towards  the  support  of  the  poor  brethren  of 


160  c&e  <5ito  s^ercfmnt 

LYNN  REGIS,  the  said  guild,  to  the  blind,  lame,  and  other  distressed  persons,  to 
poor  clerks  keeping  school,  and  poor  religious  houses,  as  well  of 
men  as  women,  to  the  lepers  in  and  about  Lenne,  and  in  the 
repairs,  &c.  of  the  parish  church  and  chapels  aforesaid,  and  in  the 
ornaments  of  the  same,  together  with  the  alms  given  to  the  four 
orders  of  friers  in  Lenne,  and  to  the  maintaining  of  several  aque- 
ducts for  the  use  of  the  said  town :  all  the  goods  and  chattels 
aforesaid  are  in  the  hands  of  the  said  alderman,  and  of  four  men 
of  the  said  guild,  called  skivins,  who  yearly  distribute  the  said 
goods  as  aforesaid  :  and  further  that  the  brethren  of  the  said 
guild  never  had  nor  used  any  one  suit  of  livery,  either  in  their 
vestments  or  hoods. — The  following  were  the  RULES  AND 
ORDINANCES  of  this  Gild. 

1.  If  any  stranger  is  willing  to  enter  into  the   fraternity,  he 
ought  to  pledge  into  the  hands  of  the  alderman  loos,  et  jus /' 
diet.  [i.e.  predicte\domus,  sdl.  to  the  alderman  4^.,  to  the  clerk  2^., 
to  the  dean  2^.,  and  afterwards  out  of  the  IOQS.  pledged  with 
the  alderman  and  his  brethren  ad  melius  .  .  .  potent,  and  shall  im- 
mediately give  one  sextary  of  wine,  viz.  i  od. 

2.  If  any  brother  has  a  son,  or  sons,  legitimate,  who  are  willing 
to  enter  into  the  said  fraternity,  each  one  ought  to  pay  for  his 
entrance  4^.,  the  aforesaid  right  being  excepted. 

3.  Whoever  will  enter  into  the  said  fraternity,  ought  on  the 
first  day  of  his  admission  to  wait  and  serve  before  the  alderman 
and  the  brethren,  honourably,  in  neat  clothes,  and  [a  coronet]  of 
gold  or  silver. 

4.  The  alderman  to  have,  on  the  day  of  Pentecost,  one  sextary 
of  wine,  and  the  dean  half  a  sextary,  the  clerk  half,  and  each  of 
the  skivens  the  same  day  half  a  sextary,  and  every  day  after  as 
long  as  the  drinking  shall  continue,  the  alderman  shall  have  half 
a  sextary,  the  dean,  clerk,  and  each  of  the  skivins  one  gallon, 
and  each  of  the  attendants  half  a  gallon,  at  evening. 

5.  If  any  of  the  brethren  shall  disclose  to  any  stranger  the 
counsels  of  the  said  guild,  to  their  detriment,  without  the  assent 
of  the  alderman  and  his  brethren,  he  shall  forfeit  the  sum  of 
32  pence. 


Proofs  anD  3[llustration&  161 

6.  If  any  of  the  brethren  shall  fall  into  poverty,  or  misery,  all  lYNN  REGIS. 
the  brethren  are  to  assist  him  by  common  consent  out  of  the 
chattels  of  the  house,  or  fraternity,  or  of  their  proper  own. 

7.  If  any  brother  should  be  impleaded,  either  within  Lenne  or 
without,  the  brethren  there  present  ought  to  assist  him  in  their 
council,  if  they  are  called,  to  stand  with  him  and  counsel  him 
without  any  costs ;  and  if  they  do  not,  they  are  to  forfeit  32  pence. 

8.  None  of  the  brethren  is  to  come  into  the  guild  before  the 
alderman  and  his  brethren  with  his  cap  or  hood  on,  or  barefoot, 
or  in  any  rustick  manner ;  if  he  does,  he  is  to  be  amerced  4 
pence. 

9.  If  any  one  should  sleep  at  the  guild,  either  at  the  general 
meeting  or  at  their  feasts  and  drinking,  he  is  to  forfeit  4  pence. 

10.  If  any  one  turns  him  rudely  to  his  brother,  or  calls  him  by 
any  rude  name,  [he  is]  to  be  amerced  4  pence. 

11.  If  any  one  is  called  and   cited  at  a  prime  (or  general 
meeting)  and  does  not  come  before  the  issue  of  the  first  consult, 
he  is  to  pay  \d.  by  order  of  the  dean ;  and  if  he  refuses  and  sits 
down,  he  is  to  be  amerced  4  pence. 

12.  If  any  one  should  be  cited  to  the  prime,  and  shall  be 
found  in  the  town,  or  shall  come  late  to  the  drinking,  and  the 
dean  shall  say  to  him  to  be  there  at  the  next  prime,  and  he  does 
not  come  before  they  begin  to  take  judgments  of  defaults,  he 
shall  either  make  some  reasonable  excuse,  or  pay  i2d.,  and  if  he 
comes  before  the  defaults  are  abjudged,  and  shall  depart  without 
leave,  shall  pay  12^. 

13.  If  any  one  of  this  house  shall  buy  anything,  and  a  brother 
shall  come  in  unexpectedly  before  the  agreement,  or  at  it,  he 
ought  to  be  a  partner  with  him  that  buy,  and  if  the  buyer  refuses 
it,  he  is  to  be  amerced  half  a  mark. 

14.  If  any  servant  of  the  brethren  comes  at  the  drinking,  or  the 
prime,  he  is  to  lay  down  the  cap  and  cloak,  and  give  it  to  the 
janitor  to  keep,  whilst  he  enters  and  speaks  to  his  master,  and 
then  he  is  to  depart  forthwith ;  if  it  is  at  the  drinking,  let  him 
drink  once  or  twice,  provided  he  does  not  sit,  and  then  he  is  to 
depart,  and  if  he  does  not,  his  master  is  to  be  amerced. 

M 


1 62 

REGIS.  15.  If  any  one  refuse  to  obey  the  precept  of  the  alderman,  or 
dean,  for  the  honour  and  profit  of  the  house,  he  is  to  be 
amerced  i2s. 

1 6.  If  any  poor  brother  shall  dye,  the  alderman  and  brethren 
shall  see  that  his  body  be  honourably  buried,  of  the  goods,  or 
chattels  of  the  house,  or  out  of  alms,  if  he  has  not  wherewith  to 
bury  himself. 

1 7.  If  the  alderman  shall  dye,  none  belonging  to  him,  neither 
son,  or  any  other  can  act  in  anything  as  alderman,  but  the  brethren 
may  choose  a  new  alderman,  whom  they  please. 

1 8.  If  any  brother  shall  dye,  the  dean  is  to  summons  all  the 
brethren  to  make  their  offerings  for  the  soul  of  the  deceased  ;  and 
if  any  one  is  absent,  he  is  to  give  one  halfpenny  at  the  next  prime 
following,  for  the  soul  of  the  defunct,  and  the  dean  is  to  have  4^. 
of  the  alms  collected  for  citing  the  brethren. 

19.  If  any  brother,    or  alderman   shall   act   contrary   to   the 
ordinances  of  this  house,  he  is  either  to  forfeit  his  brotherhood, 
or  pay  half  a  mark  for  the  good  of  the  house. 

20.  No  one  shall  intrude  himself  while  the  drinking  continues. 

21.  If  any  brother  shall  offend  another  brother,  in  word  or 
deed,  he  shall  make  no  complaint  but  to  the  alderman  first,  and 
the  mayor ;  if  he  does  not,  he  is  to  be  amerced  half  a  mark. 

22.  If  the  skivins  shall  merchandize  with  the  chattels  of  the 
house,  no  brother  shall  have  any  part  therein,  but  the  whole  profit 
to  go  to^the  use  of  the  guild. 

23.  The  skivins  are  to  swear,  when  they  receive  the  chattels  of 
the  house,  that  they  will  employ  the  same  faithfully  to  the  good 
of  the  guild,  and  will  fully  account  and  answer  for  the  profit.' 
— (Richards,  Hist,  of  Lynn^  45 2-45 8.) l 

The  following  additional  USAGES  AND  CUSTOMS  were  extracted 
from  the  same  MS.  volume 2  by  Mr.  Richards  : — 

(i.)  '  There  are  four  meetings  of  the  alderman  and  his  brethren, 

(viz.)  The  first  on  Friday  in  the  first  week  of  Lent,  to  settle  and 

order  their  alms   and  other  works  of  charity.     The  second  on 

Friday  next  before  the  feast  of  the  holy  Trinity,  to  choose  the 

1  Cf.  Blomefield  and  Parkin,  Norfolk,  viii.  516-518.         2  See  below,  p.  167. 


proofs  ann  3IHusttation^  163 

officers  of  the  said  Guild,  (viz.)  the  skivins,  and  to  settle  and  take  LYNN  REGIS., 

the  accounts  of  them  that  are  then  removed.     The  third  on  the 

vigil  and  day  of  the  holy  and  undivided  Trinity,  to  the  laud  and 

honor  thereof  at  the  vespers  of  the  said  feast,  to  have  "placebo"  and 

"  dirige"  decently  and  honourably  performed,  for  the  souls  of  all  the 

ancestors  of  our  lord  the  king,  all  the  aldermen  and  brethren  of 

the  said .  guild,  all  their  benefactors  and  faithful  deceased ;  and  on 

the  feast  of  the  said  festival  to  have  the  solemn  masses,  as  well  of 

the  said  festival,  as  the  masses  of  requiem  for  the  souls  aforesaid, 

and  to  make  their  offerings  for  the  same.     The  fourth  on  the 

Friday  next  after  the  feast  of  the  exaltation  of  the  holy  cross,  to 

look  into  the  state  of  the  said  guild,  and  to  receive  the  arrears,  if 

any  were  left  in  the  hands  of  the  skivins  of  the  foregoing  years, 

and  to  dispose  and  order  the  goods  and  chattels  of  the  said 

guild. 

(2.)  If  any  brother  of  the  said  guild  shall  dye  in  the  said  town, 
another  brother  of  the  same,  deputed  by  the  alderman,  shall  ap- 
point 12  torches  to  be  at  the  funeral  of  the  said  deceased;  and, 
further,  every  brother  of  the  guild  in  town,  shall  be  warned  to 
make  his  offering  for  the  deceased,  at  the  mass  that  is  celebrated 
on  the  day  of  the  burial. 

(3.)  If  any  of  the  aforesaid  brethren  shall  dye  in  the  said  town 
or  elsewhere,  as  soon  as  knowledge  thereof  shall  come  to  the 
alderman,  the  said  alderman  shall  order  solemn  mass  to  be  cele- 
brated for  him,  at  which  every  brother  of  the  said  guild  that  is  in 
town,  shall  make  their  offering ;  and,  further,  the  alderman  shall 
make  every  chaplain  of  the  said  guild,  immediately  on  the  death 
of  any  brother,  to  say  30  masses  for  the  deceased. 

(4.)  The  alderman  and  skivins  of  the  said  guild  are  by  duty 
obliged  to  visit,  four  times  a  year,  all  the  infirm,  all  that  are  in 
want,  need,  or  poverty,  and  to  minister  to,  and  relieve  all  such, 
out  of  the  alms  of  the  said  guild. 

(5.)  If  any  brother  shall  become  poor  and  needy,  he  shall  be 
supported  in  food  and  cloathing,  according  to  his  exigency,  out 
of  the  profits  of  the  lands  and  tenements,  goods  and  chattels  of 
the  said  guild. 

M  2 


1 64  Cfje  ®iin  sgjercfmnt, 

REGIS.  (6.)  If  any  one  has  a  desire  and  is  willing,  for  the  honour  of 
the  holy  Trinity,  to  be  received  into  the  said  guild,  that  he  may 
be  partaker  of  the  alms  and  benefactions  thereof,  he  shall  give  to 
the  said  guild  a  certain  sum  of  money  to  the  maintenance  of  the 
said  alms  and  benefactions,  according  to  what  shall  be  agreed 
upon  by  the  alderman  and  brethren  thereof. 

(7.)  If  any  brother  has  a  son,  or  sons,  after  his  entrance  into 
the  guild,  lawfully  born  and  begotten,  especially  if  such  be  of 
good  and  honest  fame  and  conversation,  they  are  to  be  received 
every  one  of  them  into  the  said  guild,  if  he  so  thinks  well,  four 
shillings  each. 

(8.)  No  born  slave,  or  one  of  such  like  condition,  nor  any 
apprentice  can  be  received,  and  if  any  one  of  such  like  condition 
should  be  received  into  the  said  guild,  the  alderman  and  his 
brethren  not  knowing  it,  when  it  is  truly  and  lawfully  proved, 
such  a  one  shall  lose  the  benefit  of  the  guild. 

(9.)  No  one  until  he  arrive  at  the  age  of  21  years,  and  is 
of  honest  fame  and  condition,  can  be  received  into  the  said 
guild. 

(10.)  If  any  alderman  shall  happen  to  dye,  or  shall  be  removed 
from  his  office  on  any  just  and  reasonable  cause,  the  community 
of  the  said  town  shall  immediately  choose  another  into  the  said 
office,  which  alderman  so  elected,  in  the  presence  of  the  said 
community,  shall  promise,  that  he  will  faithfully  perform  and 
observe  all  and  singular  those  things  which  belong  to  his 
office. 

(n.)  When  any  one  shall  be  received  into  the  said  guild, 
he  shall  promise  in  the  hands  of  the  said  alderman  on  his 
faith,  that  he  will  be  obedient  to  the  said  alderman  and  his 
officers  of  the  guild  for  the  time  being,  in  all  lawful  and  honest 
things  touching  their  office,  and  that  he  will  faithfully  observe,  as 
far  as  he  is  able,  all  the  lawful  ordinances  which,  for  the  good 
rule  and  government  of  the  said  guild,  and  honourable  support 
of  the  said  chaplains,  and  the  alms  and  good  works  of  the  said 
guild,  are  already  made,  or  shall  be  made  hereafter. 

(12.)  It  was  ordained  on  Wednesday  in  the  week  of  Pentecost 


proofs  ann  3(llustration&  165 

in  the  7[th  year]  of  Edward  that  the  bretheren  should  keep  a  LYNN  REGIS. 
general  Morwespech  three  times  a  year ;   to  wit,  on  Friday  in 
Whitsun  week,  on  Friday  after  the  exaltation  of  the  Holy  Cross, 
and  on  Friday  on  the  first  week  of  Lent. 

(13.)  Likewise  it  was  ordained,  by  common  consent,  that  the 
alderman  and  his  brethren  should  take  care  that  a  solemn  mass 
should  be  celebrated  for  the  soul  of  John  de  Grey,  formerly 
bishop  of  Norwich,  who  first  obtained  the  liberty  of  the  said  guild; 
viz.  on  the  feast  of  the  holy  Trinity,  where  every  one  of  the 
brethren  was  to  make  an  offering  of  an  halfpenny,  and  if  any  one 
made  default,  he  was  to  give  one  sextary  of  wine  to  the  alms 
of  the  said  house  and  gild. 

(14.)  And  on  Friday  in  the  week  of  Pentecost  in  the  44 
Edward  III  [1370],  Thomas  de  Bokesham  then  alderman  of,  &c., 
it  was  agreed  unanimously  that  all  the  brethren  who  were  well  in 
town  should  meet  at  Vespers  at  St.  Margaret's  church,  and  should 
hear  together  Vespers  and  Placebo  for  the  soul  of  the  aforesaid 
King  John  and  John  [de]  Grey  bishop  of  Norwich,  and  on  the 
day  following,  on  the  feast  of  the  holy  Trinity,  they  should  all  be 
there  present,  and  hear  the  mass  said  of  the  holy  Trinity,  and, 
immediately  after  that,  the  mass  for  the  dead,  by  note,  for  the 
souls  aforesaid. 

(15.)  On  Friday  on  the  week  of  Pentecost,  in  the  23  Edward  3,  A.D.  1349. 
it  was  provided  by  common  assent,  for  ever,  that  no  brother  ought 
to  buy  or  sell  any  millstones,  or  marble  stones,  brought  to  Lynn 
to  be  sold,  as  long  as  the  "scabini "  of  this  house  would  buy  them 
for  the  profit  of  the  guild  and  pay  for  them  to  the  full ;  and  if  any 
one  brother  should  act  contrary  hereto,  he  should  for  ever  be  de- 
prived of  the  society. 

(16.)  On  Friday  the  week  of  Pentecost  the  24  Edward  3,  it  A.D.  1350. 
was  provided  and  agreed  that  every  one  of  the  skivins  shall  faith- 
fully and  separately  give  in  his  account  before  the  alderman  and 
his  brethren  to  show  to  them  how  many  millstones  he  has  bought 
or  sold,  to  whom  he  has  sold,  and  for  what  price  ;  and  what  size 
every  millstone  was  which  he  either  bought  or  sold  :  and  all  the 
ready  money  (silver)  he  has  he  shall  bring  with  him ;  and  if  he 


1 66  Cfce  <£tID  sgjercfmnt 

REGIS,  does  not,  as  is  here  provided,  he  shall  give  six  pound  of  silver 
to  the  use  and  profit  of  the  said  house,  or  be  discharged  the 
society. 

(17.)  If  any  brother  shall  be  elected  to  the  office  of  a  skivin 
and  he  shall  refuse  it,  he  shall  pay  40^.  to  the  good  of  the  house, 
or  be  expelled. 

A.D.  1342.  (J8.)  On  Friday  in  Pentecost  week,  16  Edward  III,  it  was 
provided  and  ordained  unanimously  by  the  alderman  and  the 
fraternity  that  the  skivins  for  the  time  being  may  at  any  time  of 
the  year  distrain  and  bring  their  distresses  for  rents  and  farms 
belonging  to  the  guild,  according  to  the  customs,  &c.  of  the 
Burgh  of  Lynn,  and  that  for  the  time  to  come  the  skivins  should 
.  be  responsible  for  the  full  payments  of  the  said  rents  and  farms 
till  the  time  of  their  accounting  shall  come,  and  that  the  skivins 
for  the  time  being,  whether  they  are  elected  this  present  year  or 
have  been  elected  the  foregoing  year,  shall  every  year  at  the  feast 
of  St.  John  the  Baptist  account  with  their  tenants,  and  the  said 
tenants  shall  hire  again  of  the  said  skivins  the  houses  which  they 
shall  hold  beyond  the  term  of  the  said  St.  John,  as  the  said 
skivins  shall  see  to  be  most  for  the  profit  of  the  said  guild  .... 
[And  that  the  said  skivins  are  to  take  keyage  of  merchandizes 
lying  on  the  key  in  manner  and  form  following  ....  Also  the 
said  day  it  is  ordered  that  no  bad  persons,  nor  any  spiritual 
person,  should  work  upon  the  kay.] 

(19.)  On  Friday  on  the  week  of  Pentecost  in  the  27  of  Edward 

A.D.  1353.  Ill,  Jeffrey  Drew  then  alderman, .  it  is  provided  that  if  any 
brother  was  found  guilty  and  convicted  of  any  notorious  and 
scandalous  falshood  to  the  loss  or  disgrace  of  the  guild,  he  should 
be  deprived  [of  his  guild],  and  never  be  reconciled,  but  looked 
upon  as  a  convict  and  perjured  person. 

(20.)  On  Friday  next  after  the  feast  of  the  exaltation  of  the 

A.D.  1357.  holy  Cross,  in  the  31  of  Edward  3,  Jeffrey  Drew  then  alderman, 
it  was  unanimously  agreed  by  the  alderman  and  his  brethren,  that 
as  by  the  grant  of  the  king  in  his  charter  the  Burgh  of  Lynn 
Episcopi  had  this  Liberty,  that  the  burgesses  of  the  same  in  all 
fairs  through  the  kingdom  of  England  were  free  and  enjoyed  that 


proofs  anu  ^lustrations,          167 

freedom ;  when  therefore  any  one  of  the  said  burgesses  or  LYNN  REGIS. 
brethren  should  go  to  the  fair  at  Stirbridge,  or  where  any  such 
like  fair  is  held,  and  has  taken  his  place  by  the  consent  of  any  of 
the  bailiffs  of  those  places,  and  marked  it  out  by  stakes  "or  pins, 
by  wood  or  stone,  if  any  other  burgess  of  Lynn,  or  brother,  either 
by  presents  or  favours  should  deprive  of  or  expel  the  aforesaid 
burgess,  or  brother,  from  his  place  so  taken  as  aforesaid,  he  is  to 
be  looked  upon  and  esteemed  as  a  transgressor  of  the  aforesaid 
Liberty,  and  to  be  fined  40^.,  so  that  the  person  so  deprived  and 
expelled  may  have  2os.  of  it ;  and  if  the  transgressor  shall  happen 
to  be  a  brother  of  the  said  guild,  he  shall  be  obliged  by  the 
alderman  to  pay  2os.  for  the  benefit  of  the  said  guild ;  and  if  the 
transgressor  shall  be  a  burgess,  and  not  a  brother  of  the  guild,  he 
shall  be  obliged  to  pay  2os.  by  the  mayor  of  the  town,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  commonalty  of  the  said  town. 

(21.)  It  is  provided  that  none  of  our  brethren  shall  come  into 
the  guild  before  the  alderman  and  his  brethren  capped,  or  hooded, 
or  barefooted,  or  in  any  other  rude  or  rustick  manner,  and  if  he 
does  he  shall  pay  ^d.  for  alms. 

(22.)  1 6  Richard  2,  1393.  Licence  was  granted  that  John  de 
Brunham  and  Thomas  de  Couteshale,  of  Lynn,  might  give  to 
Henry  de  Betely,  alderman,  the  rents  and  profits  of  five  mes- 
suages, one  Kay,  n/.  6s.  8*£  rent,  and  the  profit  of  one  passage 
boat  beyond  the  port  of  Lynn  Epi.  with  the  appurtenances  in 
Lynn.' — (Richards ;  Hist,  of 'Lynn ,  458-466.) 


The  manuscript1  from  which  the  above  ordinances  were  taken 
seems  to  be  no  longer  in  existence ;  the  return  of  Thomas  Botes- 
ham  with  the  first  eleven  '  Usages  and  Customs '  is  still  extant  in 
the  Public  Record  Office  : — 

'Thomas  Botkesham,  Aldermannus  et  Gustos  gilde  vocate 
magne  gilde  Sancte  Trinitatis  in  villa  de  Lenn'  in  Comitatu  NorfP, 
virtute  cuiusdem  proclamacionis  apud  Lenn'  facte  per  breve 
domini  Regis  de  modo  et  forma  et  auctoritate  fundacionis  et 

1  A  volume  belonging  to  Thomas  Day,  formerly  in  the  possession  of  H. 
Partridge, — see  Richards,  p.  451. 


1 68 

LYNN  REGIS,  omnium  aliorum  articulorum  in  dicto  breve  specificatorum  dictam 
gildam  concernencium,  excellencie  vestre  regie  cum  omni  subiec- 
tione  ligea  et  reuerencia  premissa  certificat  in  hiis  scriptis  :  Primo 
quoad  auctoritatem  fundacionis  et  incepcionis  ac  continuacionis 
et  regiminis  gilde  predicte,  predicta  gilda  est  et  incepta  fuit  a 
tempore  cuius  contrarii  memoria  non  existit,  eo  quod  in  dicta 
villa  est  et  fuit  a  tempore  supradicto  quidam  Aldermannus  et 
communitas,  qui  quidem  Aldermannus  qui  nunc  est  a  dicta 
communitate  ville  predicte  est  electus,  et  omnes  Aldermanni  ville 
predicte  predecessores  dicti  Thome  semper  a  communitate  ville 
predicte  electi  fuerunt  et  eligi  debuerunt  pro  regimine  communi- 
tatis  dicte  ville,  et  regimen  et  gubernacionem  habuerunt  a  toto 
tempore  supradicto,  qui  quidem  nunc  Aldermannus  et  omnes 
predecessores  sui  Aldermanni  ville  predicte  pro  regimine  dicte 
ville  taliter  electi  Aldermanni  et  Custodes  magne  gilde  Sancte 
Trinitatis  in  villa  de  Lenn'  predicta  fuerunt,  et  dictam  gildam 
secundum  consuetudines  hactenus  usitatas  semper  regere  con- 
sueverunt ;  et  qui  quidem  Aldermannus  sic  electus  officium 
Aldermannie  sue  et  custodie  magne  gilde  predicte  habere  et 
exercere  debet  ad  totam  vitam  suam,  et  omnes  predecessores  sui 
Aldermanni  ville  predicte  in  forma  superius  expressata  electi  ad 
totam  vitam  suam  custodiam  gilde  predicte  secundum  formam  et 
effectum  consuetudinum  gilde  predicte,  quarum  tenor  sequitur,  ha- 
buerunt et  vsi  fuerunt,  nisi  ex  causa  infirmitatis,  impotencie  seu  alia 
causa  rationabili  fuerint  amouendi ;  [sicut]  hoc  dominus  Johannes 
quondam  Rex  Anglie,  progenitor  domini  Regis  nunc,  perpendens 
multitudinem  mercatorum  ad  dictam  villam  adtunc  confluencium 
con.cessit  dictis  Aldermanno,  communitati  et  successoribus  suis 
per  litteras  suas  patentes,  quarum  data  est  anno  regni  sui  sexto, 
quod  ipsi  haberent  gildam  mercatoriam  in  villa  predicta.  Et  postea 
dominus  Henricus  quondam  Rex  Anglie,  films  dicti  domini  Regis 
Johannis,  concessit  per  litteras  suas  patentes  quod  vnum  de  seip- 
sis  eligent  in  maiorem,  qui  quidem  maior  et  aldermannus  qui  pro 
tempore  fuerint  extunc  regimen  et  gubernacionem  ville  predicte 
continue  habuerunt,  et  qui  quidem  Aldermannus  tempore  vaca- 
tionis  maioratus  predicti  siue  dicto  Maiore  extra  villam  predictam 


anD  3|llustration&  169 

absente  regimen  et  gubernacionem  dicte  communitatis  post  con-  LYNN  REGIS. 
feccionem  Maioris  antedicti  [habuit],  prout  ipse  Aldermannus  et 
predecessores  sui  Aldermanni  ville  predicte  ante  confeccionem 
Maioris  predict!  vsi  sunt  et  habuerunt.   Qui  quidera  Maior  et  Alder- 
mannus et  communitas  ville  predicte  post  confeccionem  Maioris 
in  forma  predicta,  et  Aldermannus  et  communitas  ville  predicte 
ante  confeccionem  Maioris  in  forma  supradicta  habuerunt  unam 
communem  placeam  vocatam  le  commen  stathe  cum  pertinenciis, 
que  valet  per  annum  casualiter  vltra  reprisas  XLII.  //.  vi.  s.  vm.  d. 
Et  de  exitibus  dicte  placee  et  aliorum  bonorum  et  catallorum  dicte 
gilde  [pertinencium]  eo  quod  ad  laudem  dei  et  Sancte  Trinitatis 
specialem  affectionem  dicti  Maior,  Aldermannus  et  communitas 
postquam  Maior  ibidem  sic  constitutus  fuerit  et  dicti  Alderman- 
nus et  communitas,  eorum  antecessores  et  predecessores  ante 
ordinacionem  dicti  Maioris,  a  tempore  cuius  contrarii  memoria 
non  existit,  affectuose  gerebant  dictam  magnam  gildam  Sancte 
Trinitatis  (sic  a  tempore  cuius  contrarii  memoria  non  existit  a 
progenitoribus  et  antecessoribus  dictorum  nunc  Maioris,  Alder- 
manni et  communitatis  fundatam  et  inceptam),  continuauerunt  et 
rexerunt  secundum  formam  et  effectum  articulorum  subsequen- 
cium,  prout  inferius  continetur.     Ac  ulterius  idem  Aldermannus 
vobis  certificat  quod  omnia  bona  et  catalla  prefate  gilde  pertinen- 
cia  se  extendunt  ad  summam  CCLX./Z".  XIII..T.,  videlicet,  in  denariis 
numeratis  LX.//.  XIII..F.,  et  in  diuersis  mercandisis  cc.//.,  ac  in 
diversis    libris,   vestimentis,    calicibus    et    aliis    ornamentis    pro 
capellanis  dicti  gilde  in  gilda  dicta  celebrantibus  tarn  in  ecclesia 
parochiali  quam  in  capellis  dicte  ecclesie  annexis,  necnon  in  cera 
pro  luce  in  dicta  ecclesia  et  capellis  in  laudem  et  honorem  Sancte 
Trinitatis  annuatim  invenienda  et  sustentanda  quam  pro  torchis  ad 
exequias  sociorum  dicte  gilde  pauperum  defunctorum,  de  quibus 
quidem  proficuis  tarn  de  commen  stathe  quam  bonorum  et  catal- 
lorum supradictorum  una  cum  diversis  bonis  et  catallis  dicte 
gilde  legatis,  predicti  Aldermannus  et  communitas  sustinent  et 
[inueniunt]  tresdecem  capellanos  ad   annuatim  et   cotidie  tarn 
pro  domino  nostro  Rege  et  progenitoribus  suis  quam  pro  tranquili- 
tate  et  pace  regni  sui  ac  animabus   omnium  Aldermannorum, 


1 70  Cfte 

LYNN  REGIS,  sociorum  et  benefactorum  dicte  glide  [et]  omnium  fidelium  d  e- 
functorum  celebrandum.  De  quibus  dictis  capellanis  sex  in  ecclesia 
parochiali  predicta,  quatuor  in  capella  Sancti  Nicholai,  et  tres  in 
capella  Sancti  Jacobi  in  eadem  villa  Lenn'  celebrant,  qui  quidem 
omni  die,  prout  diuisi  sunt,  in  ecclesia  et  capellis  predictis  ad 
magnam  missam  per  notam  celebrat'  [i.6.  celebrandam]  ac  in  domi- 
nicis  et  aliis  diebus  festualibus  ad  matutinas,  missam  et  vesperas 
per  notam  celebrat'  [i.e.  celebrandas]  existunt.  Et  si  quis  capella- 
norum  predictorum  in  officio  suo  exercendo,  vt  predictum  est' .... 
— (Record  Office,  Misc.  Chancery,  Gilds,  136  a.)1 

The  Trinity  Gild  is  also  mentioned  in  an  inquisition  of  3 
Henry  V.  In  the  year  13  Henry  IV.  several  merchants,  with 
a  great  multitude  of  adherents,  elected  the  Mayor  of  Lynn 
contrary  to  the  liberties  and  custom  of  the  burgesses,  'ad 
dampnum  proborum  burgensium.'  While  he  was  in  office  he 
and  his  followers  made  '  diversos  forinsecos  habitantes '  burgesses, 
'contra  voluntatem  proborum  burgensium.'  Again,  2  Henry  V, 
1  sine  consensu  Burgensum  et  Majorum,'  they  quitclaimed  the 
debts  of  the  town.  The  jurors  testified  that  in  i  Henry  V 
these  men  and  others  came  '  ad  Gildam  aulam  sancte  Trinitatis 
de  eadem  et  ibidem  noctanter  super  fratres  eiusdem  Gilde 
violenter  et  maliciose  super  eos  insultum  fecerunt '  to  the  great 
injury  of  the  brethren.  In  2  Henry  V  certain  '  probi  viri '  were 
attacked  by  the  accused  '  cum  magna  multitudine  populi.'  In 
the  same  year  they  prevent  the  '  probi  homines '  from  electing  the 
mayor, — '  probos  burgenses  et  majores  ab  antique  electos  venire 
...  ad  faciendum  dictam  electionem  majoris.' — (Petyt  MS.,  ii. 
82-86.) 

The  Fraternity  was  dissolved  November  4th,  1547,  and  most  of 
its  property  was  vested  in  the  Corporation  of  the  town.  Among 
the  goods  which  the  latter  received  was  a  stock  of  millstones 
valued  at  £40. — (Richards,  450,  468,  472.) 2 

1  The  lower  half  of  this  parchment  is  almost  wholly  illegible;   scarcely 
half  a  dozen  lines  of  the  part  headed  '  Usus  et  Consuetudines '  can  be  deci- 
phered. 

2  Cf.  Blomefield  and  Parkin,  Norfolk,  viii.  506. 


proofs  anD  3Illustrattons*          171 

MACCLESFIELD. 

Macclesfield  received  grants  of  the  Gild  45  Henry  III,  8  MACCLESFIELD. 
Edward  III,  13  Richard  II,  etc.1. 

In  the  year  24  Edward  III  the  mayor  and  burgesses  of  Mac-  A.D.  1350. 
clesfield  were  summoned  by  the  Earl  of  Chester  to  show  by 
what  right  they  claimed  the  Gild  Merchant  and  certain  other 
liberties.  They  produced  the  charter  of  8  Edward  III.  'Et 
Johannes  de  la  Pole,  qui  sequitur  pro  domino  Comite,  petit  quod 
predicti  Maior  et  Burgenses  ostendant  et  declarent  Curie  qualiter 
et  quomodo  clament  libertates  predictas  per  verba  in  clameo  suo 
contenta.  Qui  dicunt  quod  per  dicta  verba  quod  villa  de  Maccles- 
feld  sit  liber  Burgus,  clamant  quod  eadem  villa  sit  liber  burgus  et 
habeat  omnes  libertates  et  consuetudines  quas  liber  Burgus  de  jure 
habere  debet.  Et  per  ilia  verba  quod  Burgenses  ejusdem  ville 
habeant  gildam  mercatoriam,  clamant  quod  nullus  recipiatur  in 
Burgensem  in  eadem  villa  nisi  per  assensum  et  voluntatem 
predictorum  Maioris  et  Burgensium,  nee  quod  aliquis  habeat 
libertatem  sicut  Burgensis  ibidem  ad  merchandizandum,  nisi  per 
Maiorem  et  Burgenses  predictos  recipiatur.'  They  then  explain 
their  other  liberties. — (MS.  Harley  2115,  fol.  157.) 

MALMESBTJRY. 

'  De  Scotallis  Malmesburiae? 

'Omnibus  Christi  fidelibus  praesens  scriptum  visuris  vel 
audituris,  Walterus 2  Dei  gratia  abbas  Malmesburiae  et  totus 
ejusdem  loci  conventus,  salutem  in  Domino.  Ad  universitatis 
vestrae  notitiam  volumus  pervenire,  nos  divinae  pietatis  intuitu,  et 
pro  salute  animarum  nostrarum,  ad  devotam  instantiam  et  petitio- 
nem  burgensium  de  Malmesburia,  eisdem  et  successoribus  suis, 
quantum  ad  nos  pertinet,  remississe  imperpetuum  sectam  trium 
scotallorum,  quae  consueverunt  sequi  per  annum ;  unius,  scilicet, 
ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis,  alterius  contra  Natalem  Domini,  et 

1  Earwaker,  East  Cheshire,  ii.  460;  Corry,  Macclesf.,  6,  9. 

2  Probably  Walter  Loring  (1205-1222),— see  Monast.  Angl.,  i.  255. 


172  Cfte  ®ilD  figjercfmnt, 

MALMESBURY.  tertii  in  Quadragesima.  Illis  itaque  remittimus  sectam  illam 
qui  sunt  de  gilda  mercanda  in  villa  Malmesburiae,  et  aliis 
omnibus  existentibus  extra  gildam  mercandam,  qui  tantum 
pacare  solebant  et  debebant  ad  dicta  scotalla,  quantum  ipsi  de 

praedicta  gilda ['  dicti  burgenses '  are  to  give  305-.  per  year 

in  place  of  these  scot-ales.]  Et  colligentur  isti  denarii  statutis 
terminis  per  manus  senescallorum  praedictae  gildae  et  per 
manum  servientis  nostri,'  etc. — (Registrant  Malmesb.,  i.  446.) 

William1,  abbot,  and  the  monks  of  Malmesbury  transferred 
certain  lands  to  the  burgesses  in  the  Gild, — 'burgensibus  qui 
sunt  de  gilda  mercatoria  Malmesburiae.'  The  latter  in  return 
gave  the  former  a  certain  part  of  a  heath  called  '  Portmannesethe.' 
This  second  document  begins  thus :  '  Sciant  praesentes  et  futuri 
quod  nos  Willelmus  Hasard,  aldermannus  gildae  mercatoriae  de 
Malmesburia,  Thomas  Hasard,  Willelmus  de  la  Sale,  senescalli 
ejusdem  gildae,  Henricus  le  Taillur,  Willelmus  de  Hundlavin- 
tone,  Nicholaus  le  Warre,  Ricardus  Hasard,  Walterus  le  Clacker, 
Nicholaus  et  Hanr'  Hansex,  Hugo  le  Teynterer,  Willelmus  le 
Fyz,  Johannes  filius  Martyni,  Johannes  Triok,  Adam  Sprot, 
Hugo  Testard,  Ricardus  et  Willelmus  Pavi,  Reginaldus  le  pang, 
Thomas  de  la  Posterne,  et  tota  communitas  intrinseca  ejusdem 
villae  et  gildae  mercatoriae,  remisimus  et  hoc  praesenti  scripto 
nostro  quietum  clamavimus.' — (Ibid.,  ii.  150-155.) 

'Rex2  vicecomiti  salutem.  Si  Henricus  Handsex,  Bartholo- 
maeus  Aunger,  Hugo  Testard,  Willelmus  de  la  Male  et  caeteri 
burgenses  de  communitate  libertatis  burgi  Malmesburiae  fecerint 
te  securum  de  clamio  suo  prosequendo,  tune  summoneas,  etc. 
abbatem  de  Malmesburia  quod  sit  coram  justiciariis  nostris  apud 
Westmonasterium  a  die  Paschae  in  xv.  dies,  ostensurus  quare, 
cum  praefati  burgenses  habere  debeant,  et  ipsi  et  eorum  ante- 
cessores,  a  tempore  quo  non  extat  memoria,  habere  consueverunt 

1  Either  William  de  Colern  (1260-1296)  or  William  de  Badmenton  (1296- 
1324), — see  Monast.  Angl.,  i.  255-256. 

2  Probably  Edward  I. — The  '  Registrant!  Malmesburiense '  was  written  toward 
the  end  of  the  thirteenth,  or  beginning  of  the  fourteenth,  century, — see  Regis- 
trum  Malmesb.,  ii.  p.  xxiv. 


proofs  anD  illustrations  173 

tales  libertates  et  consuetudines ;  videlicet,  quod  nullus  pannos  MALMESBURY. 
de  lana  aut  coria  alba  vel  tannata  vel  piscem  vel  carnes  venales 
particulatim  in  burgo  praedicto  scindere  ac  vendere,  sed  ea 
integre  et  absque  scissura  aliqua  ibidem  vendere  debeat.  Et 
quod  nullus  pelles  bidentium  vel  coria  cruda  emere ;  nee  aliquis 
sutor  extraneus  aut  cyrothecarius  de  grossis  cyrotecis,  de  corio 
equi  sotillares  aut  cyrothecas  hujusmodi  ibidem  vendere ;  nee 
aliquis  mercator  lanae  infra  burgum  praedictum  emere  vel 
vendere  debeat,  aut  possit  lanam  aliquam  per  pondus  suum 
proprium  alio  modo  quam  fieri  solet  in  consimilibus  burgis  et 
villis  mercatoriis  regni  nostri.  Et  insuper  cum  dicti  burgenses 
stalla  sua  in  locis  certis  ad  mercandisas  suas  infra  burgum  prae- 
dictum vendendum  habere,  et  textores,  sutores,  cyrothecarii  et 
alii  homines  cujuscunque  ministerii  in  praedicto  burgo  existant, 
qui  non  sunt  de  communitate  gildae  burgensium  praedictorum, 
certos  redditus  occasione  ministerii  sui  ad  sustentationem  gildae 
praedictae  dare  debeant  et  consueverunt,  praefatus  abbas  prae- 
dictas  consuetudines  in  burgo  praedicto  observari  non  permittit, 
in  eorundem  burgensium  dispendium  non  modicum  et  grava- 
men, et  contra  libertates  suas,  quibus  ipsi  et  eorum  antecessores 
temporibus  quibus  burgus  praedictus  fuit  in  manibus  praedeces- 
sorum  nostrorum  regum  Angliae,  rationabiliter  uti  consueverunt, 
ut  dicitur.  Et  facias  ibi  summoneri  et  hoc  breve.  Teste  me 
ipso.' — (Regis trum  Malmesb.,  ii.  393.) 

MABLBOBOUGH. 

The  Gild  Merchant  was  conferred  upon  the  burgesses  of 
Marlborough  by  King  John  and  Henry  III. — (Rot.  Chart.,  135; 
Waylen,  Marlb.^  98.) 

'Rex   Archiepiscopis,    etc.    Salutem.   Sciatis   quod   cum   con- Pro hominibus 
tencio  mota  fuisset  in  curia   nostra   coram   nobis  inter  probos  r 
homines   nostros  de   Marleberg'   querentes   et   probos  homines 
nostros  Suhamtonie   deforciantes   de  Theoloneo   quod   predict! 
homines  Suhamtonie  capiebant  de  Hominibus  nostris  de  Marie- 
berg'   contra  libertates   suas,  quas   habent   per   cartam   domini 


MARLBOROUGH.  Johannis  Regis  patris  nostri  et  per  cartam  nostram,  lit  asserebant; 
tandem  de  licencia  nostra  taliter  inter  eos  conuenit  quod  omnes 
homines  nostri  de  Marleberg'  qui  sunt  in  Gilda  Mercanda  de 
Marleberg'  et  hoc  affidare  uolunt,  quieti  sint  in  perpetuum  de 
omni  consuetudine  et  omnimodo  Theloneo  in  villa  Suhamt'  et  in 
omnibus  pertinenciis  suis  de  quibus  homines  de  Suhamp'  infra 
libertatem  suam  dictos  homines  de  Marleberg'  acquietare  possunt, 
non  obstante  eo  quod  carta  ipsorum  hominum  Suhamt'  prior  est 
cartis  predictorum  hominum  de  Marleberg' ;  et  similiter  homines 
de  Suhamt'  quieti  sint  de  omni  consuetudine  et  Theloneo  in 
villa  de  Marleberg'.  Nos  igitur,  uolentes  quod  predicta  Conuencio 
firma  sit  et  stabilis  in  perpetuum,  ipsam  pro  nobis  et  heredibus 
concedimus  et  confirmamus.  Testibus,  Ricardo  Comite  Pictauie 
et  Cornubie  fratre  nostro,  etc.,  ut  supra.' — (Record  Office^  Charter 
Roll  23jEien.  Ill,  mem.  3.) 

NANTWICH. 

'  With  respect  to  its  ancient  jurisdiction,  it  appears  that  there 
was  established  here  soon  after  the  Conquest  a  Mercatorial  Guild 
or  Brotherhood,  being  a  politic  institution,  and  the  groundwork 

of  Bodies  Corporate In  judicial  matters  this  Guild  had  the 

assistance  of  the  Court  Leet,  and  it  provided  six  perpetual  Chap- 
lains to  say  mass  for  the  brethren  belonging  to  it.  It  is  supposed 
that  this  Institution  is  the  same  noticed  on  an  inscription  in  the 
Church,  as  being  the  Brethren  and  Sisters  of  the  Holy  Cross. 
They  were  suppressed  and  the  revenues  forfeited  under  the 
statute  of  Edward  VI ;  notwithstanding  which  a  bailiff,  one  of  its 
chief  officers,  continued  to  be  chosen  annually  at  the  Leet,  and 
was  considered  the  first  officer  in  the  town,  although  he  possessed 
not  a  tittle  of  legal  authority.  This  election,  however,  which 
took  place  at  the  first  Court  after  Michaelmas,  ultimately  fell  into 
neglect,  and  the  present  jurisdiction  of  the  town  is  vested  in  the 
Constables.  The  other  ancient  officers  of  the  Guild  were 
the  Rulers  of  the  Walling,  the  Heath  Keepers,  the  Leave 
Lookers,  the  Ale  Tasters,  the  Fire  Lookers,  and  the  Kennel 


Proofs  anD  Illustrations          175 

Lookers The  Leave  Lookers  was  an  office  of  some  autho-  NANTWICH. 

rity;  they  inspected  the  markets,  regulated  the  weights  and 
measures,  and  destroyed  all  unwholesome  meat.' — (Hanshall^ 
Cheshire,  490-49 1.)1 

NEATH. 

Thomas  le  Despenser,  son  of  Edward  le  Despenser,  in  the  year  A.D.  1359. 
1397,  inspected  and  confirmed  an  earlier  charter  (33  Edward  III) 
in  which  the  Gild  is  mentioned  : — '  Concessimus  etiam  prefatis 
Burgensibus  nostris  et  eorum  successoribus  quod  de  cetero 
nullus  Wallensis  nee  aliquis  alius  aliquam  libertatem  habeat 
ratione  alicujus  Burgagii  in  Burgo  nostro  predicto,  nisi  fuerit 
ibidem  residens,  videlicet,  Potwallinge  et  cum  eis  Lotans  et 
Scotans  et  infra  guildam  libertatis  eorum  receptus.'  Thomas 
granted  his  burgesses  of  Neath,  among  other  liberties  : — *  Quod 
nullus  extraneus  extra  nundinas  et  ferias  infra  bundas  praedictas 
aliquas  mercandizas  de  aliquo  extraneo  emat  nisi  turn  [i.e.  tantum] 
de  Burgensibus  nostris  Villae  nostrae  praedictae  ratione  merchan- 
dizarum,  nee  aliquis  teneat  seldam  apertam  de  aliquibus  mer- 
chandizis  nee  tabernam,  nee  corff  faciat  in  villa  praedicta,  nisi 
fuerit  cum  praedictis  Burgensibus  lotans  et  scotans  et  infra 
Guildam  libertatis  eorum  receptus.  Necnon  concessimus  eisdem 
Burgensibus  quod  ipsi  et  haeredes  eorum  Guildam  facere  possint 
quo  tempore  et  quecunque  [?  quandocunque]  voluerint,  ad  profi- 

cuum  ipsorum Insuper  concessimus  predictis  Burgensibus 

quod  omnes  mercatores  tarn  pannarii,  cerdones,  pelliparii,  chirothe- 
carii,  quam  alii  diversi  qui  ex  venditione  et  emptione  vivant  infra 
dominium  nostrum  Glamorganiae  et  Morganiae,  residere  debeant 
in  villa  de  Burgh  et  non  upland,  et  omnimodas  mercandizas 
faciant  in  nundinis,  feriis  et  in  villis  de  Burgh,  et  non  alibi.  Et 
etiam  quod  omnes  mercatores  cum  eorum  mercandizis  alibi  non 
transeant  quam  per  regales  vicos  [et]  per  villas  de  Burgh.  Ita  quod 
nos  nee  haeredes  nostri  Tolnetum  nostrum  nee  alias  custumas 

1  Cf.  Ormerod,  Cheshire,  iii.  426 ;  J.  Hall,  Nantwich,  30,  68,  73,  277.    Hall 
(p.  68)  says  that  the  Leave-lokers  also  looked  after  the  customs  and  tolls. 


1 76 

NEATH.  nobis  debitas  aliquo  tempore  amittamus.' — (Francis,  Charters  of 
Neath.} 

1  Ordinaunces  of  the  Towne  of  Nethe  made  by  the  Constable 
A.D.  1542.  Porterive  and  the  Burgesses  of  the  saide  Towne 

Item  that  noe  Burgesse  shall  buy  of  any  strainger  any  mar- 
chandize  that  shall  fortune  to  come  to  the  key  or  within  the 
haven  of  the  same  Towne,  as  wyne,  salte,  wood,  Iron  or  any  other 
marchandize  that  may  be  devided,  but  such  twoe  Burgesses  as 
shall  bee  chosen  by  the  Constable,  Portrive  and  Burgesses,  and 
have  experience  and  knowledge  in  the  same  marchandize ;  and 
when  it  is  soe  by  them  boughte,  any  Burgess  to  have  his  porcion 
after  his  degree,  that  is  to  say,  to  a  handy  crafte  man  to  have 
sufficient  to  serve  his  howse,  a  marchant  lyveinge  by  buying  and 
sellinge  to  have  after  his ;  and  that  no  Burgess  buy  of  a  strainger 
uppon  the  paine  of  fforty  shillings  and  to  be  discommined  of  his 
libertie ;  and  such  marchandice  as  bee  broughte  in  any  vessell 
the  same  goods  to  be  devided  by  sixe  of  the  twelve  men  with  the 
Porterive  and  in  his  absence  by  one  of  the  eleven,  and  not  other- 
wise, uppon  like  paine 

Item  that  noe  Burgesse  bee  made  ne  receaved  into  the  Guile 
[i.e.  Guild]  of  Burgesses  except  hee  bee  admitted  by  the  Porterive 
and  Councell,  and  agreement  of  the  Burgesses,  soe  that  hee  be 
of  such  Condicions  and  birth  as  hee  may  bee  ruled  and  governed 
by  the  Portrive  and  Councell  of  the  saide  Towne  for  the  time 
being ;  and  hee  or  they  to  take  noe  maintayners,  uppon  payne  of 
discommining,  if  hee  bee  found  guiltye  by  sixe  of  his  brethren 
the  Burgesses,  and  amerceament  to  the  Kinge  of  Sixe  shillings 
and  eighte  pence 

Item  that  noe  Burgesse  shall  withdrawe  another  Burgesses  bar- 
gaine  or  marchant  in  hannsinge  of  his  Stuffe,  and  blaming  his 
naighbours,  uppon  paine  of  Tenne  shillings  of  amerciament. 

Item  that  noe  manner  of  person  shall  hould  ne  open  shoppe,  to 
cutt  karve  [i.e.  corf],  to  entertayne  ostrey  [i.e.  hostel]  hold,  unlesse 
hee  bee  a  Burgesse,  giveing  and  yeeldinge  according  to  the 
Charter,  uppon  payne  of  a  greivous  amerciament. 

Item  that  noe  gensor  [i.e.  chencer]  nor  estranger  shall  buy  noe 


proofs  ami  3[ilustratton&          i77 

Corne  within  the  markett  nor  within  the  franchise  of  the  saide  NEATH. 
Towne  and  sell  it  againe,  uppon  paine  of  amerciament. 

Item  that  noe  gensor  inhabitant  nor  estranger  shall  buy  noe 
walshe  Cloth,  white  Russett  or  Blacke,  of  any  other  estranger 
within  the  saide  Towne  or  ffranchise  of  the  same,  nor  shall  buy 
noe  yarne,  wooll  or  any  othing  [i.e.  other  thing],  except  in  the 
faire  time,  uppon  paine  of  {forfeiture  of  the  same. 

Item  that  noe  Burgesse,  gensor  nor  inhabitant  shall  colour  anie 
estranger  within  his  howse,  privilie  or  openly  to  buy  or  sell  any 
manner  marchandice  against  the  Royaltie  and  freedome  of  the 
Towne,  unlesse  it  bee  to  a  Burgesse  of  the  saide  [town],  uppon 
paine  of  amerciament  of  tenne  shillings.' — (Francis,  Charters 
of  Neath.) 

NEWCASTLE-TJNDEB-LYME. 

Radulphus  de  Tycknes,  Henricus  le  Barker,  Thomas  films  Staff*. 
Thome,  Willielmus  de  Rowesleye  et  Hugo  le  Mariscall  summoniti 
fuerunt  ad  respondendum  Ricardo  le  Pestur  de  placito  quare 
ceperunt  Catalla  ipsius  Ricardi  et  iniuste  detinuerunt,  etc.  Et 
vnde  queritur  quod  predicti  Radulphus  et  alii,  die  Lune  proxima 
ante  festum  sancti  Dunstani  Anno  regni  Regis  nunc  septimo,  A.D.  1279. 
apud  villam  de  nouo  Castello  in  domo  cuiusdam  Ricardi  le  Prude 
ceperunt  decem  vellera  Lane  ipsius  Ricardi  le  Pestur  precii  sex 
solidorum,  et  ea  iniuste  detinuerunt  contra  vadlum  et  plegium,  etc. 
vsque  diem  Lune  proximam  ante  festum  sancte  Margarete  Virginis, 
quando  deliberata  fuerunt  per  Balliuum  domini  Regis,  etc. ;  vnde 
dicit  quod  deterioratus  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  quad- 
raginta  solidorum.  Et  inde  producit  sectam,  etc. 

Et  predictus  Radulphus  et  alii  veniunt  et  defendunt  Vim  et 
Iniuriam,  quando,  etc.  Et  bene  cognoscunt  quod  ceperunt  pre- 
dicta  vellera,  et  iuste.  Dicunt  eciam  quod  Dominus  Henricus 
[III]  Rex  concessit  Burgensibus  predicte  ville  de  nouo  Castello 
quod  Burgenses  eiusdem  uille  habeant  Gildam  Mercatoriam  in 
predicto  Burgo  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  aliis  consuetudinibus 
ad  huiusmodi  Gildam  pertinentibus.  Et  quod  consuetude  illius 
Burgi  talis  est  per  libertatem  ipsius  Gilde  quod  non  licet  alicui 

N 


178 

NEWCASTLE-  infra  predictum  Burgum  aliquam  Lanam  vendere  uel  emere  nisi 
UNDER^LYME.  -^s  jn  pre(jicta  Qilda  existentibus,  nisi  per  saccos  uel  per  aliud 
magnum  pondus.  Et  dicunt  quod  quia  predictus  Ricardus  le 
.  Pestur  emit  predicta  vellera  in  predictum  Burgum  contra  predic- 
tam  libertatem  Gilde,  ceperunt  ipsi  predicta  vellera,  sicut  eis 
licuit  per  predictam  libertatem  eis  per  predictum  Henricum 
Regem  concessam.  Et  proferunt  Cartam  ipsius  domini  Henrici 
Regis  in  hec  verba  : — Henricus  dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie,  etc.,  Comes 
Andegauie  Archiepiscopis,  Episcopis,  Abbatibus,  Prioribus,  Comi- 
tibus,  Baronibus,  Justiciariis,  Vicecomitibus,  Prepositis,  Ministris 
et  omnibus  Balliuis  et  fidelibus  suis  salutem.  Sciatis  nos  con- 
cessisse  et  hac  carta  nostra  confirmasse  pro  nobis  et  heredibus 
nostris  Burgensibus  nostris  de  nouo  Castro  subtus  Limam  quod 
uilla  nostra  de  nouo  Castro  subtus  Limam  sit  liber  Burgus,  et 
quod  Burgenses  eiusdem  uille  habeant  Gildam  Mercatoriam  in 
eodem  Burgo  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus 
ad  huiusmodi  Gildam  pertinentibus,  et  quod  eant  per  totam 
terram  nostram  cum  omnibus  mercandisis  suis  emendo  et  ven- 
dendo  et  negociando  bene  et  in  pace,  libere,  quiete  et  honorifice, 
et  quod  quieti  sint  de  Theoloneo,  Passagio,  Pontagio,  Stallagio, 
Lestagio  et  omnibus  aliis  consuetudinibus,  saluis  in  omnibus 
libertatibus  Ciuitatis  nostre  Lond'.  Quare  volumus,  etc.  Data 
[A.D.  1225.  apud  ffeckeham  octauodecimo  die  Septembris  Anno  nono. — Re- 
quisiti  cuiusmodo  libertates  clament  habere  pertinentes  ad  pre- 
dictam Gildam.  Dicunt  quod  nullus,  nisi  fuerit  de  libertate  ipsius 
Gilde,  potest  Pannum  scindere  vendendum  infra  villam,  nee  car- 
nem  nee  piscem  scindere,  nee  corea  recencia  emere,  nee  lanam 
emere  per  vellera,  nisi  per  magnum  pondus,  scilicet,  petras, 
saccum  uel  dimidium. 

Et  predictus  Ricardus  le  Pestur  dicit  quod  ipse  est  Burgensis 
de  Stafford',  et  quod  Dominus  Johannes  Rex  concessit  et  carta 
sua  confirmauit  Burgensibus  de  Stafford'  quod  villa  Stafford'  sit 
liber  Burgus  inperpetuum.  Et  quod  ipsi  Burgenses  et  heredes 
eorum  sint  quieti  de  Toloneo,  Lestagio,  Passagio,  Paagio,  Stallagio 
et  Pontagio  per  omnes  terras  suas,  salua  libertate  Ciuitatis  Lond'. 
A.D.  1206.  Et  proferunt  Cartam  predicti  domini  Johannis  Regis  que  hoc 


Proofs  anD  3ilHistrations*  179 

testatur,  que  quidem  Carta  fuit  facta  primo  die  Mali  anno  regni  NEWCASTLE- 

sui  septimo.     Proferunt  etiam  quandam  Cartam  domini   Hen- 

rici  Regis  patris  domini  Regis  nunc,  que  testatur  quod  predictus 

Henricus  Rex   predictam   concessionem   ipsius  Johannis  Regis 

patris  sui  concessit  pro  se  et  heredibus  suis  et  confirmauit,  que 

quidem  carta  facta  fuit  apud  Rading'  vndecimo  die  Aprilis  Anno  A.D.  1228. 

regni  sui  duodecimo.     Et  petunt  Judicium,  desicut  quieti  sunt 

de  omnimodo  paagio  per  totum  Regnum  Anglie,  salua  predicta 

libertate  Ciuitatis  Lond',  per  predictam  Cartam  domini  Johannis 

Regis,  que  quidem  Carta  antiquioris  date  est  quam  predicta  Carta 

domini  Henrici  Regis  predictis  Burgensibus  de  Nouo  Castello 

inde  confecta,  si  accionem  possint  habere  ad  huiusmodi  Paagia 

contra  libertates  suas  per  predictas  Cartas  eis  concessas  exigere, 

etc. 

Et  predict!  Radulphus  et  alii  dicunt  quod  qualescumque  cartas 
ostendant  de  predicta  libertate  quod  non  debent  eis  obesse. 
Dicunt  etiam  quod  dominus  Rex  Henricus  concessit  eis  pre- 
dictam Gildam  Mercatoriam,  et  quod  ilia  libertas,  scilicet,  quod 
non  licet  alicui  lanam  emere  in  predicta  uilla  de  Nouo  Castello 
per  particulas,  nisi  fuerit  de  libertate  predicte  Gilde,  pertinet  ad 
Gildam  illam.  Vnde  petunt  Judicium,  etc.  Dies  datus  est  eis 
de  audiendo  iudicio  suo  a  die  sancte  Trinitatis  in  xv.  dies,  etc. 
—(Record  Office ',  Placita  de  Banco,  Hillar.,  8  Edw.  I,  mem.  37.)  A.D.  1280. 


Thomas  filius  Thome  de  Nouo  Castro  subtus  Lymam,  Hugo  le  Staff. 
Marescall',  Willielmus  de  Routisley,  Hugo  filius  Thome,  Wil- 
lielmus  de  Thycnes,  Henricus  le  Barbur,  Thomas  le  fforester, 
Johannes  le  Schot,  Stephanus  de  Derby,  Ricardus  Warwe  et  Bene- 
dictus  le  Marchaunt  summoniti  fuerunt  ad  respondendum  Wil- 
lielmo  de  Pykestok  de  placito  quare  ceperunt  catalla  ipsius  Wil- 
lielmi  et  ea  iniuste  detinent,  etc.  Et  vnde  queritur  quod  predict! 
Thomas  et  alii,  die  Sancti  Edmundi  Regis  anno  regni  regis  nunc 
septimo  incipiente  octauo,  in  villa  de  nouo  castro  subtus  limam  in  A.D.  1279. 
selda  sua  ceperunt  quatuor  vlnas  de  Rayo  afforsato,  precii  vine 
quadraginta  denar',  et  eas  detinuerunt  contra  vadium,  etc.  vsque 
diemLune  proximam  post  festum  Sancti  Ambrosii  proximo  sequens, 

N    2 


i8o  €f)e 

NEWCASTLE-  quando  deliberate  fuerunt  per  predictum  Dominum,  vnde  dicit 
UNDER-WME.  deteriorates  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  quadra- 


ginta  solidorum,  et  inde  producit  sectam. 

Et  Thomas  et  omnes  alii  veniunt.  Et  defendunt  vim  et  iniuriam, 
quando,  etc.  Et  bene  cognoscunt  quod  receperunt  predictas  vlnas, 
et  iuste.  Quia  dicunt  quod  ipsi  Burgenses  sunt  Burgi  de  Nouo 
Castro  subtus  Limam,  Et  quod  in  predicto  Burgo  habent  Gildam 
Mercatoriam  ex  dono  Domini  Henrici  Regis  proaui  Regis  nunc, 
cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus  ad  huius- 
modi  Gildam  pertinentibus.  Et  quod  consuetude  in  predicto 
Burgo  pertinens  ad  predictam  Gildam  talis  est  quod  non  licet 
alicui,  nisi  Burgensibus  predicti  Burgi,  infra  predictum  Burgum 
aliquem  pannum  scindere,  nee  per  vlnas  vendere,  nee  schoppam 
tenere,  nisi  fuerit  in  predicta  Gilda  Burgi  predicti.  Et  quia  pre- 
dictus  Willielmus  ibidem  tenuit  schoppam  suam  in  predicta  villa 
et  pannos  suos  scidit  et  per  vlnas  vendidit,  nee  fuit  in  predicta 
Gilda,  contra  libertates  predicti  Burgi,  ceperunt  ipsi  predictas 
quatuor  vlnas.  Et  proferunt  cartam  Domini  Henrici  patris  Regis 
nunc  que  hoc  testatur. 

Et  Willielmus  dicit  quod  non  pertinet  predicte  Gilde,  quin 
Mercatores  venientes  licite  possint  pannos  suos  scindere  et  per 
vellera  vendere  et  shoppas  tenere,  absque  hoc  quod  in  predicta 
Gilda  recipiantur.  Dicit  etiam  quod  ipse  est  Burgensis  Stafford', 
et  quod  omnes  Burgenses  Staff'  habent  omnes  libertates  et  liberas 
consuetudines  quas  aliquis  liber  Burgus  Anglic  habet,  salua  in 
omnibus  libertate  Ciuitatis  Lond',  ex  concessione  Johannis  Regis 
aui  Regis  nunc  et  per  cartam  ipsius  Regis,  quam  profert  et  que 
hoc  testatur.  Dicit  insuper  quod  licet  pertineat  ad  predictam 
Gildam  quod  mercatores  venientes  in  predicto  Burgo  de  Nouo 
Castro  non  possint  pannos  suos  scindere,  nee  per  vlnas  vendere, 
nee  lanam,  nisi  per  magnum  pondus  et  saccos  et  non  per  paruum 
pondus  et  per  vellera,  nisi  sint  de  predicta  Gilda  ;  tamen  ipse  et 
alii  Burgenses  Stafford'  racione  libertatum  et  liberarum  consuetu- 
dinum,  quas  habent  per  predictam  Cartam,  que  impetrata  fuit 
A.D.  1206.  primo  die  Maii  anno  regis  Johannis  predicti  septimo,  semper  post 
confeccionem  eiusdem  Carte  licite  et  libere  pannos  suos  in  pre- 


Proofs  anD  Illustrations,  181 

dicto  Burgo  de  Nouo  Castro  sciderunt  et  per  vlnas  vendiderunt  NEWCASTLE- 

i  11  j  u  u  j  •     UNDER-LYME. 

lanamque  per  vellera  et  per  paruum  pondus,  absque  hoc  quod  in       

predicta  Gilda  recepte  fuissent,  quousque  iam  vno  anno  elapso, 
quando  impediti  fuerunt  per  predictos  Thomam  et  alios  capiendo 
catalla  predict!  Willielmi  et  aliorum. 

Et  Thomas  et  alii  dicunt  quod  predictus  Willielmus  et  ceteri 
Burgenses  Stafford'  nuncquam  post  impetracionem  predicte  Carte 
Henrici  Regis,  videlicet,  xviii0.  die  Septembris  anno  regni  sui  A.D.  1235. 
decimonono,  pannos  suos  in  predicto  Burgo  de  Nouo  Castro 
sciderunt,  per  vlnas  vendiderunt,  nee  lanam  per  vellera,  nee 
shoppam  tenuerunt,  nisi  prius  in  Gilda  predicta  recepti  fuissent, 
immo  semper  postea  inde  impediti  fuerunt.  Et  quod  ita  sit,  petunt 
quod  inquiratur  per  patriam.  Et  Willielmus  similiter.  Ideo 
preceptum  est  Vicecomitibus  quod  venire  faciant  hie  in  Crastino 
Purifications  beate  Marie  xn.,  etc.  per  quos,  etc.  Et  qui  nee, 
etc.  ad  recognitionem  in  forma  predicta.  Quia  tam,  etc.  Postea 
a  die  sancte  Trinitatis  in  xv.  dies  anno  vm0.1  venerunt  Juratores,  A.D.  1280. 
qui  dicunt  super  sacramentum  suum  quod  predictus  Willielmus 
et  ceteri  Burgenses  Stafford'  semper  consueuerunt  pannos  suos  in 
predicta  villa  scindere,  per  vlnas  vendere,  et  similiter  lanam  per 
vellera  emere  et  vendere,  et  shoppam  tenere,  absque  hoc  quod 
essent  recepti  in  predicta  Gilda,  donee  impediti  fuerunt  iam  sep- 
tem  annis  elapsis.  Et  ideo  consideratum  est  quod  predictus 
Willielmus  recuperet  predicta  catalla.  Et  similiter  dampna  sua, 
que  taxantur  ad  quadraginta  solidos.  Et  Thomas  et  alii  in  mise- 
ricordia. — (Plac.  de  Banco^  Mich.,  8-9  Edw.  I,  mem.  30.) 

On  the  same  membrane  is  another  plea,  brought  by  Thomas 
Gerbod'  of  Stafford  against  Henry  '  le  Barbur '  of  Newcastle-under- 
Lyme  and  2  7  others  for  seizing  '  duas  vlnas  de  Russeto  et  duo 
vellera  lane!'  The  pleading  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  case 
preceding.  Judgment  was  given  in  favour  of  the  plaintiff,  who 
was  to  receive  back  his  goods  and  60  shillings  damages,  while 
Henry  and  the  others  were  fined. 

In  14  Edward  I  Simon  Breton  and  other  burgesses  of  Stafford  A.D.  1280. 
were  summoned  for  detaining  the  chattels  of  William,  son  of 

1  MS. 


182 

NEWCASTLE  Thomas  Swanild'  of  Newcastle-under-Lyme.  The  former  plead- 
UNDER-LYME.  ed:_<qUO(i  jpsi  sunt  Burgenses  ville  Stafford',  et  quod  Dominus 
Johannes  Rex  auus  Domini  Regis  mine  concessit  et  carta  sua 
confirmauit  Burgensibus  suis  Stafford'  quod  ville  de  Stafford  sit 
liber  Burgus  imperpetuum.  Et  quod  Burgenses  illi  habeant 
Burgum  ilium  cum  Soca,  etc.  et  omnibus  aliis  libertatibus  et 
liberis  consuetudinibus  quas  ipsi  antiquitus  habere  consueuerunt ; 
et  proferunt  Cartam  domini  Henrici  Regis  patris*  domini  Regis 
nunc,  que  predictam  donacionem  et  concessionem  confirmat. 
Vnde  dicunt  quod  ipsi  semper  a  tempore  quo  non  exstat  me- 
moria  vsi  sunt  quod  nullus  extraneus  qui  non  sit  de  libertate 
predicte  ville  possit  aliquam  lanam  in  predicta  villa  vendere  per 
vellera.  Et  quia  predictus  Willielmus,  qui  non  est  de  predicta 
libertate,  vellet  predictam  lanam  in  forma  predicta  vendere  per 
vellera,  distrinxerunt  ipsi  predictum  Willielmum  per  predicta 
vellera,  et  iuste,  etc.'  William,  on  the  other  hand,  claimed  that 
Henry  III  made  Newcastle  a  free  borough,  and  granted  to  the 
burgesses  a  Gild  Merchant  and  quittance  of  toll  throughout 
England.  Judgment  was  rendered  in  favour  of  the  burgesses  of 
Stafford,  because  the  above  monopoly  had  been  exercised  by 
them  *  a  tempore  a  quo  non  exstat  memoria,'  and  because  their 
charter  was  older  than  that  of  the  burgesses  of  Newcastle, — '  Nee 
concessio  domini  Henrici  Regis  facta  predictis  Burgensibus  Noui 
Castri,  que  est  posterior,  derogare  non  potest  concessione  domini 
Johannis  Regis  anteriori.' — (Plac.  de  Banco,  Mich.,  14  Edw.  I, 
mem.  144.) 

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 

Among  the  old  laws  and  customs  (probably  granted  to  the 
burgesses  of  Newcastle  by  Henry  I)  are  the  following : — '  Mer- 
candise  que  per  mare  burgo  adportantur  ad  terram  portari  de- 
bent,  preter  salem  et  allecia,  que  in  nave  debent  vendi.' — '  Nullus 
forinsecus  debet  emere  pannum  ad  tingendum,  nisi  sit  de  con- 
suetudine  burgi.' — *  Item  mercatori  forinseco  non  licet  emere,  nee 
in  foro  nee  apud  rus,  nee  lanam,  nee  coria,  nee  cetera.' — *  Nullus 


Proofs  anD  ^lustrations*  183 

forinsecus  potest  scindere  piscem  ad  vendendum.'  —  (Brand^  New-  NEWCASTLE- 

IS  PON  -TYNE. 
castle  ',  11.  I3Q.)1  _ 

In  the  year  1  7  John  the  burgesses  received  a  royal  charter  -A..D.  1216. 
conferring  upon  them  various  liberties  :  .....  '  Concessimus 
etiam  eis  gildam  mercatoriam,  et  quod  nullus  eorum  qui  fuerit 
infra  gildam  mercatoriam  placitet  extra  muros  burgi  Novi  Castri 
de  ullo  placito  preter  placita  de  tenuris  exterioribus.  Conces- 
simus etiam  eis  quod  nullus  eorum  faciat  duellum  ;  et  quod  de 
placitis  ad  coronam  nostram  pertinentibus  se  possint  disracionare 
secundum  antiquam  consuetudinem  civitatis  Winton'  ;  et  quod 
omnes  burgenses  predicti  burgi  et  heredes  eorum  de  gilda  mer- 
catoria  quieti  sint  de  theloneo,  lestagio,  pontagio  et  passagio  tarn 
in  feria  quam  extra,  et  per  omnes  portus  maris  omnium  terrarum 
nostrarum  tarn  citra  mare  quam  ultra  ;  et  quod  nullus  de  miseri- 
cordia  pecunie  judicetur  nisi  secundum  antiquam  legem  ejusdem 
civitatis  Winton',  quam  habuerunt  temporibus  antecessorum 
nostrorum  ;  et  quod  terras  suas  et  tenuras  et  vadimonia  et  omnia 
debita  sua  juste  habeant,  quicunque  ea  eis  debeat  ;  et  de  terris 
suis  et  tenuris  que  infra  burgum  predictum  sunt  rectum  eis  tenea- 
tur  secundum  consuetudinem  civitatis  Wint'  ;  et  de  omnibus  de- 
bitis  suis  que  acommodata  fuerint  apud  Nouum  Castrum  super 
Tynam,  et  vadimoniis  ibidem  factis,  placita  ibidem  teneantur.  Si 
quis  autem  in  tota  terra  nostra  theoloneum  vel  consuetudinem  ab 
hominibus  Novi  Castri  super  Tynam  de  gilda  mercatoria  ceperit, 
postquam  ipse  a  recto  defecerit,  vicecomes  Northumb'  vel  pre- 
positus  Novi  Castri  namium  apud  Novum  Castrum  inde  capiat. 
Concessimus  etiam  ad  emendacionem  ejusdem  burgi  quod  omnes 
sint  quieti  de  yeresgyeve  et  de  scotallis  ita  quod,'  etc.2  —  (Rot. 
Chart.,  219.) 

A  charter  of  42  Elizabeth  prohibits  foreigners  or  strangers  from 
selling  anything  within  the  town  to  any  foreign  merchant,  except 
victuals,  unless  it  be  at  markets  or  fairs.  —  (Munic.  Corp.  Com. 
1835,  p.  1636.) 


1  For  a  different  version  of  these  laws,  see  Acta  Parl.  Scot.,  i.  33~34 
Stubbs,  Select  Charters,  106-108. 

2  Confirmed  in  1318  and  1357,—  Record  Office,  Charter  Roll  31  Edw.  Ill, 
mem.  4. 


1  84 

NEWCASTLE-      f  Northumbria.     Johannes  de  Shefeld  venit  coram  Baronibus, 
UPON-TYNE.  et   protuijt   quondam   scriptum,   quod  testatur  quod  Willelmus 


Sadeler,  Willelmus  de  Dalton,  Ricardus  de  Londonia,  Thomas  le 
Leycester,  Ivo  Pistor,  Thomas  Laurence,  Ricardus  de  Fennom, 
Ricardus  de  Egremond,  Willelmus  Smaley,  Walterus  films  Ricardi, 
Thomas  films  Ricardi,  Adam  Guntor  et  Johannes  de  Roma,  com- 
munis  attornatus  praedictorum  Willelmi  et  Sociorum  suorum 
praedictorum  ac  caeterorum  pauperum  Burgensium  Villae  Novi 
Castri  super  Tinam,  ad  hoc  per  breve  Regis  admissus,  cognove- 
runt  eis  satisfecisse  per  dictum  Johannem  de  Shefeld,  tempore 
quo  fuit  Vicecomes  Northumbriae,  de  XL.  /.,  quae  eos  continge- 
bant  de  quinquaginta  libris  pauperibus  Burgensibus  dictae  Villae 
Novi  Castri  coram  Baronibus  de  Scaccario,  versus  Nicholaum  de 
Carliolo  et  caeteros  Burgenses  de  gilda  mercatoria  Villae  prae- 
dictae,  nomine  dampnorum  nuper  adjudicatis;  et  decem  libras 
residuas  praedictae  summae  L.  /.,  dictus  Johannes  de  Shefeld 
reddet  Clericis  de  Scaccario,  etc.  ;  cujus  data  est  apud  Novum 
Castrum  super  Tinam,  xvn°  die  Januarii  anno  regni  Domini 
A.D.  1307.  Edwardi  Patris  Regis  nunc  tricesimo  quinto.'  Placita  coram 
Baronibus,  2  Edward  II.  —  (Madox,  Firma  Burgi,  96.) 

Patent  16  Edward  III.  —  *  Inspeximus  quasdam  litteras,  per 
communitatem  ville  nostre  de  Novo  Castro  super  Tynam  nuper 
confectas  et  sigillo  communi  ejusdem  ville  signatas,  in  hec  verba  : 
Hoc  instrumentum  testatur  quod  die  Veneris  proximo  ante  festum 
Sancti  Valentini  episcopi  anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  tertii  a  con- 
A.D.  1342.  questu  sexto  decimo,  convocata  communitate  ville  Novi  Castri 
super  Tynam  apud  hospitale  beate  Marie  Virginis  in  le  Westgate 
in  plena  gilda  ejusdem  ville  tune  ibidem  tenta  pro  bono  pacis, 
dilectionis  et  unitatis  confovendo  et  habendo,  et  pro  lege  firmius 
conservenda  et  manutenenda,  et  ad  utilitatem  et  melioracionem 
ville  predicte,  de  communi  assensu  et  voluntate  tocius  com- 
munitatis  predicte  assensum  est  et  ordinatum  quod  de  cetero 
in  antea  articuli  subscripti  in  predicta  villa  firmiter  teneantur, 
utantur  et  conserventur  ..... 

Item  quod  omnes  burgenses  ville  predicte  tarn  pauperes  quam 
divites,  cujuscunque  conditionis  existant,  de  omnibus  navibus  tarn 


proofs  anu  Illustrations*  185 

forinsecis  quam  intrinsecis  portum  ville  predicte  ingredientibus,  NEWCASTLE- 

,.  .           ,.,                ..           .  .  v,                   UPON-TYNE. 
quibuscunque  mercandisis  venalibus  oneratis,  possmt  libere  emere       

quod  eis  necesse  fuerit.  Et  si  quis  dictas  mercandisas  emat  in 
grossum  de  mercatoribus  predictis,  quod  quilibet  burgensis  dicte 
ville,  si  voluerit,  habeat  de  emptore  illo  partem  mercandisarum 
illarum,  prout  sibi  necesse  fuerit  pro  sustentatione  sua  et  familie 
sue,  ad  idem  precium  pro  quo  dictus  emptor  de  dicto  mercatore 
dictas  mercandisas  prius  emerit,  solvendo  et  satisfaciendo  dicto 
emptori  precium  partis  sue  quam  emerit  infra  bordam  navis. 
Et  quod  per  dictos  mercatores  nichil  vendatur  de  mercandisis 
illis  antequam  planckum  navi  apponatur,  sub  poena  forisfacture 
mercandisarum,'  etc. —  (Brand,  ii.  155-156.) 

In  the  year  1343  the  Gild  Merchant  complained  that  the 
other  burgesses  of  the  town  were  permitted  to  purchase  mer- 
chandise out  of  the  ships  in  the  port,  which  was  an  infringe- 
ment of  its  immunities. — (Mackenzie,  Newc.,  ii.  664 ;  Brand,  ii. 
220.) 

May  28th,  21  Henry  VII,  the  king  granted  a  licence  to  the  A.D.  1506. 
governors  and  community  of  the  Merchant  Gild  of  Newcastle, 
empowering  them  to  buy  wool  and  woolfels  of  the  growth  of 
Northumbria,  Cumberland,  Westmoreland,  Durham,  Allerton  and 
Richmond,  and  to  ship  them  to  foreign  parts.  The  grant  begins 
thus  : — '  Rex  omnibus  ad  quos,  etc.  salutem.  Sciatis  quod  nos,  ex 
parte  dilectorum  nobis  Gubernatorum  Gilde  mercatorie  Ville  Novi 
Castri  super  Tynam,  graviter  nobis  conquerentium,  accepimus 
quod  cum  lane  et  pelles  lanute  .  .  .  Nos  statum  ipsorum  Guber- 
natorum ac  totius  Communitatis  Mercatorum  Gilde  predicte  pie 
compacientes,'  etc. — (Madox,  Collections,  Addit.  MS.,  Mus.  Brit., 
4530,  ff.  145-154.) 

In  a  petition  of  the  governor,  wardens,  assistants  and  fellow- 
ship of  merchant  adventurers  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  to  par- 
liament, 1644,  they  set  forth,  'that  they  have  beene  an  antient 
company  of  merchants  ever  since  King  John's  tyme ;  and  have 
been  confirmed  by  several  grants  of  his  majesty's  royal  prede- 
cessors a  distinct  corporation  of  themselves ; '  and  { that  the  mer- 
chants of  Newcastle  are  an  antient  guild  of  merchants  ever  since 


1 86  c&e  ®ilD  agercfmnt 

NEWCASTLE-  the  i  yth  yeare  of  King  John,  which  is  a  year  before  the  grant  to 
'  '  the  merchants  of  London1.' — (Brand,  ii.  219.) 

The  following  relates  to  Newcastle  in  the  year  1777: — 'The 
fellowship  with  the  whole  body  of  the  burgesses  is  called  the 
freedom  of  the  town,  and  may  be  taken  up  without  that  of  the 
company.'  This  freedom  of  the  town  entitles  one  to  a  vote 
for  representatives  to  parliament,  to  exemption  from  tolls  and 
to  common  pasture.  The  fellowship  with  a  particular  trade  is 
called  the  freedom  of  the  company,  which  joined  to  residency 
entitles  him  to  the  further  additions  of  enfranchising  apprentices, 
serving  on  juries  and  holding  offices.  '  The  court  of  Guild  con- 
sists of  the  mayor  and  burgesses  at  large,  assembled  together, 
every  one  of  whom  has  an  equal  voice,  the  Mayor  having  the 
casting  vote.'  The  laws  made  in  guild  are  not  binding,  except 
the  same  be  ratified  by  the  Common  Council. — (Collier •,  Essay 
on  Charters,  83,  84,  99,  ioo.)2 

Subjoined  is  a  later  and  much  fuller  account : — 

'The  powers  to  be  exercised  by  the  Court  of  Guild  in  the 
affairs  of  the  Corporation,  are  by  the  charters  clearly  and  definitely 
expressed ;  and  were  it  otherwise,  the  guild  being  the  assemblage 
of  the  whole  Corporation,  it  might  be  supposed  the  proceedings 
of  that  body  would  be  of  great  authority ;  yet  it  has  so  happened, 
that  in  fact  the  Court  of  Guild  is  now  utterly  bereft  of  power. 
It  being  maintained  at  present  by  the  Common  Council,  that  the 
Court  of  Guild  is  absolutely  without  authority  of  any  kind  or 
description — that  it  is  a  form,  and  nothing  else. 

'  Merely  the  periods,  therefore,  at  which  the  Guild  is  held,  and 
the  routine  gone  through,  shall  here  be  stated.  There  are  three 
guilds  every  year,  which  are  held  in  the  Guildhall,  viz. — On  the 
third  Monday  after  Christmas-day;  the  second  Monday  after 


1  For  the  history  of  the  Merchant  Adventurers  of  Newcastle,  see  Brand,  ii. 
217-240;  Mackenzie,  Newc.,  ii.  662-670;   Walker  and  Richardson,  Armorial 
Bearings,  2-5.     This  Society  is  still  in  existence ;  the  records  still  extant  begin 
with  the  year  1480. 

2  Cf.  Mimic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  1638  ;  Newcastle  Freeman's  Pocket  Com- 
panion, 88-96;  Hutchinson,  Northumb.,  ii.  414. 


proofs  anD  3lllustration&  187 

Michaelmas-day;  and  the  second  Monday  after  Easter  Sunday;  NEWCASTLE- 
when  the  Mayor  presides,  and  such  burgesses  attend  as  think  UPON^TYNE- 
proper.     The  Sheriff's  Serjeant  opens  each  guild  by  making  a 
proclamation  in  these  words  : — 

"  Oyez !  Oyez !  All  persons  having  anything  to  do  at  a  guild, 

held  this  day,  before  the  Right  Worshipful Mayor,  let 

them  come  forward,  and  they  shall  be  heard. — All  non-freemen 
are  commanded  to  depart,  under  forfeiture  of  five  pounds,  and 
pain  of  imprisonment." 

1  After  these  words  are  repeated,  it  is  customary  for  the  Chair- 
man of  the  Stewards  to  call  over  a  list  of  the  companies,  whose 
stewards,  or  some  member  of  the  company,  answer.  This  is 
done  in  order  that  no  guilds  may  be  allowed  to  pass  without  the 
presence  of  the  steward  of  the  company  to  which  the  claimant 
belongs,  or  some  one  to  represent  it;  the  presence  of  such 
steward,  (if  the  guild  be  not  stopped  by  him),  shewing  that  the 
company  does  not  object  to  the  claim.  After  this  list  is  called, 
the  stewards,  by  their  chairman  and  other  freemen,  state  such 
grievances,  and  put  such  questions  to  the  Mayor  as  they  think 
proper ;  and  generally  are  answered  by  the  Mayor  or  some  of 
the  Aldermen  from  the  bench;  the  Mayor  also  occasionally 
communicates  to  the  burgesses  present  any  decisions  come  to 
by  the  Common  Council,  on  questions  of  interest  to  the  body  at 
large.  Some  years  ago,  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  present  at  the 
guild,  were  in  the  habit  of  endeavouring  to  pass  on  to  calling  the 
guilds,  without  listening  to  any  statements  made  by  the  stewards 
or  freemen;  but  in  this  respect,  they  have  given  way;  and  the 
stewards  and  freemen  exercise  full  liberty  of  speech  at  the  guilds. 
After  they  have  stated  all  they  think  necessary,  the  Town  Clerk, 
who  always  attends,  proceeds  to  call  the  guilds,  that  is,  reads  a 
list  of  the  persons  claiming  to  be  admitted  to  the  freedom  of  the 
town.  Any  freeman,  who  objects  to  the  persons  claiming,  has  the 
power  to  stop  his  guild,  viz.  he  repeats  the  words  "  I  stop  that 
guild."  The  Town  Clerk  then  writes  in  the  book,  "  Stopped  by 

" ;   and  the  Common  Council,  being  petitioned  at  a 

subsequent  period  by  such  claimant,  decides  on  the  validity  of 


NEWCASTLE-  fae  objection.     After  the  guilds  are  thus  called,  the  assemblage 

UPON-TYNE.   .      ,.       .         .  ,    .       _, 

is  dismissed,  and  the  Mayor  retires. 

*  Now  it  is  to  be  observed,  that  nothing  passes  in  Guild  which 
can  shew  that  court's  power  to  do  any  one  thing ; — no  record  is 
kept  beyond  this  list  of  claimants ; — no  motion  is  put,  nor  any 
other  made;  for  the  Mayor,  pursuant  to  instructions  received 
from  the  Common  Council,  declines  putting  any  motion;  and 
the  book,  which  is  commonly  called  the  Guild  Book,  is,  in  fact, 
merely  an  extract  from  the  different  petitions  for  the  freedom, 
presented  to  the  Common  Council  by  the  claimants.  It  seems 
to  be  read  over,  not  because  the  sanction  of  the  guild  is  required 
to  confer  the  freedom,  but  merely  because  the  Common  Council 
are  willing  to  know  if  any  objection  exists  among  the  freemen 
to  the  different  claims  for  the  freelage.  This  list  of  petitions 
might  as  well  be  read  over  anywhere  else  to  the  freemen ;  and 
it  is  an  illusion  to  call  such  a  list  "  The  Guild  Book." 

'  How  it  has  come  to  pass,  that  the  Guild  is  thus  rendered  so 

entirely  a  nonentity,  it  is  difficult  to  say The  Court  of 

Guild  at  present,  in  point  of  fact,  is  not  allowed  to  make  any 
order,  or  to  exercise  any  authority;  and  thus  the  whole  body 
of  the  Corporation,  assembled  together  by  ancient  custom  and 
by  charter,  is  considered  a  nullity;  and  the  power  is  confined 
to  the  Common  Council.  Endeavours  have  often  been  used 
to  restore  the  Guild  to  its  functions,  by  making  motions  for 
orders ;  but  hitherto  without  success.' — (Brown,  Short  Account  of 
Customs  of  Newc.,  1823,  pp.  14-17.) 

The  Commissioners  on  Municipal  Corporations  reported  in 
1835  that  'guilds  are  holden  at  the  Guildhall  three  times  in 
every  year.  They  are  composed  of  the  mayor  and  the  whole 
body  of  burgesses.  The  business  transacted  there  consists  of 
making  proclamations  for  freedoms.  At  these  meetings  also,  the 
stewards  of  the  several  companies  and  burgesses  state  to  the 
mayor  any  grievances  they  have  to  complain  of.' — (Munic.  Corp. 
Com.  1835,  p.  1642.) 


proofs  anD  3[llustration&  189 


NEWPOBT  IN  WENTLOOGK  NEWPORT  IN 

WENTLOOG. 

In  the  year  1385  Hugh,  Earl  of  Stafford,  granted  a  charter  to 
his  burgesses  of  Newport,  which  among  other  liberties  mentions 
the  Gild  :- 

'  Concessimus  eciam  Burgensibus  nostris  et  heredibus  et  suc- 
cessoribus  suis  quod  nullus  teneat  seldam  apertam  de  aliquibus 
mercandisis  nee  tabernam  nee  corfkinam  nee  aliquam  cissuram 
artificii  seu  vitallariorum  faciat  in  Villa  nostra  predicta,  nisi  fuerit 
cum  predictis  Burgensibus  nostris  commorans  et  residens  et 
infra  Gildam  libertatis  eorum  receptus. 

*  Concedimus  eciam  eisdem  Burgensibus  nostris  quod  ipsi, 
heredes  et  successores  sui  Gildam  inter  eos  libere  facere  possunt 
et  habeant  et  gaudeant  quo  tempore  et  quandocumque  voluerint 
ad  voluntatem  ipsorum.' — (Archaeologia,  vol.  xlviii.  442-444.) 

This  charter  was  confirmed  by  Hugh's  grandson  Humphrey, 
Earl  of  Stafford,  8  Richard  II. — (Ibid.)  432.)  A.D.  1385. 

NOBWICH. 

A  charter  of  40  Henry  III  to  the  citizens  of  Norwich  contains  A.D.  1256. 
the  clause : — '  Quod  singuli  mercatores  communicantes  liberta- 
tibus  suis  et  mercandisis  sint  ad  lottum  et  scottum  eorundem 
civium,  et  ad  auxilia  prestanda,  ubicunque  fecerint  residentiam, 
sicut  esse  debent  et  solent,  et  quod  nulla  gilda  de  cetero  teneatur 
in  civitate  predicta  ad  detrimentum  ejusdem  civitatis.' — (Blome- 
field,  Norfolk,  iii.  51.) 

In  1379  a  royal  charter  granted : — {quod  nullus  alius  extraneus 
a  libertate  sua  Norwici  emat  vel  vendat  victualia  seu  mercandisas 
aliquas  ad  retalliam,  vel  per  parcellas,  infra  libertates  civitatis 
predicte,  nisi  secundum  formam  et  tenorem  statuti  nostri,  in 
parliamento  nostro  apud  Gloucestriam '  editi1. — (Ibid.)  104.) 

The  following  is  taken  from  a  long  composition  entered  into 
by  the   citizens   of  Norwich   in  1414 : — '  &   yt    alle   maner   of 
men  now  Citezeyns  of  ye  Cite  shal  be  enrolled  of  what  craft 
1  Cf.  Rotuli  Parl.  iii.  41  (2  Rich.  II). 


Cfte 

NORWICH,  yt  he  be  w*in  xn.  months  &  i.  day,  upon  peyne  of  forfaite  of 
his  fraunchise,  payenge  i.  d.  for  ye  entre ;  &  yt  alle  maner 
of  men  yt  shal  be  enfraunchised  fro  ys  tyme  forth,  shal  be  en- 
rolled under  a  craft,  &  be  assent  of  a  craft,  yt  is  for  to  seyne,  ye 
maistres  of  ye  same  craft  yt  he  shal  be  enrolled  of  shal  come 
to  ye  Chamber  &  witnesse  yt  it  is  her  wille  yt  he  shude 
be  mad  freman  of  her  Craft,  payenge  to  ye  craft  yt  he  shal  be 
enrolled  under  XL.*/.,  &  payenge  to  ye  Chamber  atte  lieste  xx. s. 
&  more  after  ye  quantite  of  his  goods,  as  he  may  acord  wit  ye 
Chamberleyns ;  &  vi.  men  shal  be  chosen  for  to  be  of  counsell 
wit  ye  Chamberleyns  in  resceyvynge  of  burgeyses ;  ye  men  yat 
thus  shal  be  resceyved  shal  make  gree  wit  ye  Shireves,  as  yey 
may  acorde ;  &  yat  alle  foreyners  burgeyses  shaln  be  contributorie 
to  alle  ye  Comone  charges  of  ye  Cite,  whan  it  falleth ;,  also  yat 
no  alien  fro  now  forth-  camynge  into  ye  Cite,  shal  not  be  her- 
berwerd  wit  non  alien,  ne  wit  no  foreyn ;  and  also  yat  no  foreyn 
shal  holde  none  hosterie  fro  yis  tyme  forth,  ne  none  alienne 
none  foreyn  shall  selle  no  marchaundise  be  retaille,  savynge 
smale  haberdassherie  under  serche  &  tribut,  abydynge,  com- 
ynge  &  goynge  of  her  haberdassherie  fre  shewynge  &  owtyng' ; 
and  yat  no  maner  of  alien  shal  bere  no  common  office  in  ye  Cite.' 
— (Addit.  MS.,  Mus.  Brit.,  27967,  ff.  13-14.) 

NOTTINGHAM. 

The  burgesses  of  Nottingham  received  the  Gild  from  John 
when  Earl  of  Morton  and  again  when  King  :  '  gildam  mercatorum 
cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus  que  ad  gildam 
mercatorum  debent  vel  solent  pertinere.' — (Records  of  Nott.,  i.  8, 
12;  Rot.  Chart.,  39.) 

A.D.  1365. — 'Ad  istam  Curiam  venit  Johannes  Burre;  in  plena 
curia  juratus  et  examinatus,  dicit  se  recepturum  fuisse  ad  Gildam 
Mercatorum,  in  camera  Rogeri  de  Hopwell,  die  Sabbati  in  Septi- 
mana  Penecostes.' — (Records  of  Nott.,  i.  188.) 

'Fines  Forinseci:  Nich.  de  Hill  dat  de  fine  pro  licentia  emendi 
habenda  et  vendendi  infra  libertates  villae  Nott'  per  tempus,  ut 


Proofs  ano  Illustrations,  191 

supra,  vin. d?     Thirty-nine  similar  entries  follow,  the  fines  ranging  NOTTINGHAM. 
from  6d.  to  $s.  4^.,  A.D.  1414-1415. — (Ibid.)  ii.  102-104.) 

OSWESTBY. 

'Concessimus  eciam  eisdem  Burgensibus  et  eorum  heredibus 
quod  habeant  gildam  mercatoriam  cum  hansa  et  aliis  consuetudini- 
bus  et  libertatibus  ad  gildam  illam  pertinentibus.  Et  quod  nullus 
qui  non  sit  de  gilda  ilia  mercandisam  aliquam  faciat  in  burgo  pre- 
dicto  nisi  de  voluntate  eorundem  Burgensium.  Concessimus 
eciam  eis  et  eorum  heredibus  quod  si  aliquis  nativus  alicuius  in 
eodem  burgo  manserit,  et  eciam  in  eo  se  tenuerit,  et  fuerit  in  pre- 
fata  gilda  et  hansa,  lot  et  scot  cum  eisdem  Burgensibus  per  vnum 
annum  et  vnum  diem  sine  calumpnia,  deinceps  non  possit  repeti 
a  domino  suo,  set  in  eodem  burgo  liber  permaneat.  Preterea 
concessimus  eisdem  Burgensibus  et  eorum  heredibus  quod  quieti 
sint  per  totam  terram  nostram  de  theloneo,  lestagio,  passagio, 
pontagio,  stallagio  et  de  lene  et  de  Danegildes  et  Gaywyt  et  omni- 
bus aliis  consuetudinibus  et  exaccionibus  per  totam  potestatem 
terre  nostre,  tarn  in  Anglia  quam  in  omnibus  aliis  terris,  salua 
libertate  Ciuitatis  nostre  London'.  Concessimus  eciam  et  hac 
carta  nostra  confirmavimus  prefatis  Burgensibus  nostris  quod 
nullus  emat  infra  Burgum  predictum  coria  recencia  vel  pannum 
crudum,  nisi  sit  in  lotto  et  scotto  et  in  assisa  et  tallagio  cum 
eisdem  Burgensibus.'  The  above  is  extracted  from  a  royal 
charter  of  22  Richard  II. — (Addit.  MS.  30328,  ff.  60-6 1 ;  Shrop.  A.D.  1398. 
Archaeol.  and  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,  Trans.,  ii.  192.) 

The  following  is  taken  from  a  grant  of  Thomas  Earl  of  Arundel 
(1407)  : — '  Et  quod  burgenses  eiusdem  burgi  habent  liberam  et 
plenam  potestatem  faciendi  burgenses  eis  acceptabiles  vsuros 
libertatibus  et  franchesiis  burgi  illius  iuxta  cartas  et  concessiones 
tarn  antecessorum  nostrorum  quam  per  nos  ab  antique  et  de  nouo 
concessas;  et  quod  nullus  qui  non  sit  burgensis  eiusdem  burgi 
aliqua  libertate  burgensiali  ibidem  contra  voluntatem  burgensium 
predictorum  infra  villam  predictam  nee  libertatem  eiusdem  quo- 
modo  gaudeat  nee  vtatur.  Et  quod  burgenses  predicti  quieti 
sunt  infra  villam  predictam  et  libertatem  eiusdem  de  theoloneis, 


1 92  c&e  ®iID 

lestagio  et  stallagio.  Et  eciam  quod  nullus  emet  infra  burgum 
predictum  nee  libertatem  eiusdem  pannum  crudum  nee  coria 
recencia,  nisi  sit  in  lotto  et  skotto,  in  assissa  et  tallagio  cum 
burgensibus  predictis.' — (Ibid.)  Trans.)  ii.  199.) 

OXFOBD. 

Charters  of  i  John,  13  Henry  III  and  i  Edward  III  specify 
the  Gild  among  the  liberties  of  Oxford 1.  That  of  Edward  III 

A.D.  1327.  contains  the  clause : — 'Et  quod  nullus  qui  non  sit  de  eorum  gilda 
vina  aliqua  seu  mercimonia  aut  quecumque  alia  bona  venalia 
infra  dictam  villam  Oxon'  vel  ejus  suburbia  ad  retalliam  vendat.' 

A.D.  1320.  An  inspeximus  of  13  Edward  II  to  the  Abbey  of  Oseney  speaks 
of : — 'concessiones,  etc.  necnon  donationem  quas  Will,  de  Chene 
aldermanus  de  gilda  mercatorum  Oxen'  per  cartam  suam,  de 
concensu  et  voluntate  civium  Oxenefordiae  de  communi  civitatis 
et  de  gilda  praedicta,  fecit  ecclesiae  et  canonicis  praedictis  in 
perpetuam  elemosinam,  de  insula  quae  Middeleya  vocatur,  quam 
dicti  cives  praefato  Willielmo  in  perpetuum  feodum  concesserunt.' 
— (Monast.  Anglic.^  vi.  254.) 

This  grant  of  Wm.  de  Chene,  in  a  mutilated  condition,  is  to  be 
found  in  the  Register  of  the  Abbey  of  Oseney  : — 'Will,  de  Chene 
Salutem.  Sciatis  quod  .  .  .  qui  fuit  aldremannus  de  [Gilda  mer- 
catorum] .  .  .  luce  Regis  Stephani  et  Regine  .  .  .  concede  in  per- 
petuam elemosinam  . . .  Marie  de  Oseneia  et  Canonicis  . . .  insulam 
que  Middeleia  uocatur,  quam  ciues  de  Oxen'  de  communi 
ciuitatis  et  de  Gilda  mercatorum  michi  in  perpetuum  feodum 
concesserunt.  Et  hoc  facio  predictorum  ciuium  consensu  et 
voluntate,'  etc.— (MS.  Cotton,  Vitell.  E.  XV,  fol.  89.) 

Oct.  23,  1534. — 'Also  it  ys  enacted  and  agreed  by  the  same 
Mair,  Aldermen,  Bailyffs,  and  Comynalte  of  the  seid  Toune, 
that  no  person  ne  persons  shall  use  eny  maner  of  marchauntdyse, 
or  marchauntdysyng,  nor  use  and  exercise  eny  vytelyng,  bying  or 
sellyng,  or  eny  handy  craft  or  ocupacon  wythyn  the  seyd  Town  or 
subbarbs  of  the  same,  except  he  or  they  be  free  of  the  guyld  of 

1  Morins,  Chronicon,  p.  731 ;  Liber  Cust.,  672  ;  Petyt  MS.,  ii.  305-314. 


Ptoo©  ant)  Illustrations  193 

the  seid  Mair  and  Comminaltie  wythyn  the  seyd  town  and  sub-  OXFORD. 
barbs  of  the  same,' etc. — (Antiq.  Mag.  and  Bibl^  vii.  229.) 

Oct.  12,  1551.  'Thordre  for  the  admyssion  of  Fremen. — 
Memorandum  at  a  Councell  holden  . . .  yt  ys  enacted,  concluded, 
and  agreed  by  the  Mayar,  Aldermen,  Baylyes,  Chamberleyns, 
and  thole  Councell  of  the  Cytye  of  Oxford,  wyth  the  concent  of 
the  more  parte  of  thenhabytants  of  the  seyd  Cytye,  for  thordre  of 
admyssion  of  ffremen  from  hensforthe  ynto  the  guyld  and  lyberty 
of  thole  body  of  the  seyd  Cyty  of  Oxford  yn  maner  and 

forme  as  insuythe,  that  ys  to  wete [Only  those  who  have 

served  an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  with  a  freeman  shall  be 
made  free,  unless  they  pay  at  least  £5  4*.  6^.  to  the  use  of  the 
corporation  of  the  City.] 

Item,  the  seyd  som  of  v.//.  iiii.  s*  v\.d.  to  be  payde  before  the 
othe  be  geven  to  any  person  or  persons  so  comyng  to  be  fre, 
and  before  hys1  he  be  admytted  to  be  a  freman  of  the  seyd 
guyld. 

Item,  that  the  seyd  person  and  persons  that  wyll  be  fre  of  the 
seyd  guyld,  shall  furste,  before  he  or  they  be  admytted  to  be  fre, 
desyer  the  good  wyll  of  the  crafte  or  occupacion  that  he  or  they 
wyll  [be]  fre  of,  and  paye  unto  theym  x.s.  and  a  brekefaste  for  hys 
admyssyon  ynto  the  seyd  crafte  or  occupacion ;  and  the  seyd 
person  and  persons  to  be  presented  by  the . . .  Master  and 
Wardens,  or  some  two  or  iii.  persons  of  the  seyd  occupacion  to 
the  Mayar  and  Councell  of  the  seyd  Cytye,  and  there  by  an 
eleccion  to  be  admytted  a  freman  of  the  seyd  guyld  and  a  burges 
or  cytyzyn  of  the  seyd  Cytye,  payeng  the  seyd  v.  //.  iiii.  s.  vi.*/.,  or 
a  more  som,  as  before  ys  specyfyed,  wythowt  any  further  delay, 
and  no  suerty  nor  suertyes  to  be  taken  for  or  yn  respect  or  delay 
of  payment  therof,  provydyd  allwey  that  yf  the  seyd  Master  and 
Wardens  wyll  not  present  suche  person  and  persons  so  suying  to 
be  fre,  that  then  the  seyd  person  and  persons  may  and  shall  come 
unto  the  Chamberleyns  for  the  tyme  beyng,  and  they  to  present 
hym  or  theym  to  the  seyd  Mayar  and  Councell  yn  manner  and 
forme  above  seyde And  be  yt  also  consented  and  enacted  that 

1  Probably  for  '  that/ 
O 


194  Cfce  <Silo  s^ercfwnt 

OXFORD,  yf  any  persone  hereafter  at  any  tyme  do  interpryse  to  set  upp  yn 
the  seyd  Cytye  to  occupye  any  crafte  or  occupacion  before  he  be 
fre  of  the  guyld  thereof,  accordyng  as  before  ys  specyed,  and 
ther  uppon  have  warnyng  to  surcesse  and  leff  hys  occupyeng  by 
the  Chamberleyns  for  the  tyme  beyng,  or  the  Master  or  Wardens 
of  thoccupacion  that  he  intendyth  to  occupye,  except  suche  as 
by  acte  of  Parlyament  ys  enacted  and  concluded,  that  then  the 
same  person  and  persons  so  afterwards  offendyng  shall  forfeyte 
and  pay  to  thuse  of  the  body  of  thys  seyd  Cytye  for  every  daye 
so  occupyeng  iii.s.  iiii.d'  Various  other  orders  regulating  the 
making  of  persons  'fre  of  the  seyd  guyld,'  follow. — (Turner, 
Oxford  Records,  pp.  204-208.) 

Those  admitted  to  the  Gild  or  freedom  seem  to  have  borne 
the  name  of  '  hanasters.'  Among  the  town  muniments  there  is 
a  book  containing  lists  of  the  latter. — (Ibid.,  pp.  xvii,  29,  etc.) 


PBESTON  l. 

The  Gild  Merchant  is  first  mentioned  in  the  ancient  Custu- 
mal  of  Preston  (thirteenth  century).  There  is  an  old  transcript 
of  this  Custumal  in  Harley  MS.  2112,  rT.  63-64,  headed, — 'Liber- 
tates  Gilde  Mercatorie  eedem  cum  libertatibus  de  Nouo  Castro 
subtus  limam  confirmate  per  Edwardum  [III]  Regem.'  It  begins 
thus : — 

'  i.  Ita  quod  habeant  gildam  mercatoriam  cum  hansa  et  aliis 
consuetudinibus  et  libertatibus  ad  gildam  illam  pertinentibus. 

2.  Ita  quod  nullus  qui  non  sit  de  gilda  ilia  mercandisam  aliquam 
faciat  in  predicta  villa  nisi  de  voluntate  burgensium. 

3.  Si  aliquis  natiuus  alicuius  in  prefata  villa  manserit,  et  terram 
in  ea  tenuerit,  et  fuerit  in  prefata  gilda  et  hansa  et  lot  et  scot  cum 
eisdem  burgensibus  per  unum  annum  et  i.  diem,  deinceps  ne  possit 
repeti  a  Domino  suo,  sed  in  eadem  liber  permaneat  V 

1  Dobson  and  Harland,  Hist,  of  Preston  Guild  ;  Abram,  Memorials  of  the 
Preston  Guilds  ;  Abram,  Rolls  of  Burgesses,  Introd. ;  Thompson,  Munic.  Hist., 
Ch.  viii.  For  other  works  on  the  same  subject  see  Abram,  Memorials,  p.  148. 

a  Cf.  Dobson  and  Harland,  73;  Whitaker,  Richmondsh.,  ii.  422. 


proofs  anu  Illustrations,          195 

Charters  of  8  Elizabeth,  14  and  36  Charles  II,  contain  this  PRESTON. 
clause  : — '  quod  iidem  Major,  Ballivi,  Burgenses  et  Successores 
sui  habeant  Guildam  Mercatoriam  in  Burgo  predtcto  cum  om- 
nibus Libertatibus  et  liberis  Consuetudinibus  ad  hujusmodi 
Guildam  pertinentibus,  prout  antehac  usi  fuerunt.' — (Lingard^ 
Preston  Charters,  25,  53,  86.) 

At  a  Gild   Merchant   held  at  Preston  2   Edw.  Ill,  thirteen  A.D.  1328. 
'  pointes  and  ordinances '  were  made,  four  of  which  are  of  par- 
ticular interest  to  us  : — 

'  2.  Also  the  same  Maire,  balifes  and  burges,  with  all  the 
comonalte,  be  hole  assent  and  consent,  have  ordered  that  it 
shall  be  leful  to  the  sayd  Maior,  baliffes  and  burges,  there  heyres 
and  successors  to  sett  a  Gyld  Marchand  at  every  xx.  yere  end, 
or  ever  if  they  have  nede,  to  conferme  chayrters  or  other  distres 
that  longis  to  oure  Francis  [i.e.  franchise]. 

5.  Also  the  same  Maire,  baliffes  and  burges  with  all  the 
comonaltie  have  ordent,  be  a  hole  assent  and  consent,  that  all 
manner  of  burges  the  which  is  made  burges  be  court  roll  and 
oute  of  the  Gyld  Marchand,  shall  never  be  maire,  ne  Bale,  ne 
Serjeand,  but  onlie  the  burges  the  which  the  name  be  in  the  Gyld 
Marchand  last  made  before ;  for  the  King  gyves  the  freedom  to 
the  burges  which  arne  in  the  Gyld  and  to  none  other. 

7.  Also  the  same  Maire  and  baliffes  and  burges,  be  holle  assent 
and  consent  [have  ordered],  if  ther  be  any  burges  of  oure  towne 
longing  that  take  partie  with  anie  mon  to  helpe  him  or  to  strength 
him  agaynes  the  peyce,  and  will  not  com  to  his  Mayre  to  help  him 
and  strength  hym  to  make  peyce,  that  then  hyt  be  lefull  to  oure 
Mayre  and  to  his  successors  to  discharge  hym  of  his  freedome 
for  ever,  and  his  tol  to  be  taken  dayle  att  hym,  as  a  fals  untrew 
and  fals  forsworne. 

10.  Also  the  Mayre,  baliffes  and  burges,  be  a  hole  assent  and 
consent,  haue  ordent,  if  it  happyne  onne  of  oure  burges  fall  in 
age  and  in  necesitye  of  gooddys  that  he  may  noght  hold  howse, 
ne  craft,  ne  bying  and  sellyng,  that  he  may  not  be  of  power  to 
pay  his  freedome  be  yeare,  yet  he  shall  be  free  in  all  our 
libertyes  yt  longys  to  oure  towne  and  enfranceys,  as  he  was 

o  2 


PRESTON,  before  it  was  that  he  be  faulyn  into  that  great  necessitie  of  poverte.' 
— (Abram,  Memorials,  8;  Dobson  and  Har land,  n.) 

The  archives  of  Preston  contain  Gild  Rolls  of  the  years  1397, 
1415,  1459,  J542  and  thence  in  regular  succession  every  twenty 
years  to  1882.  Here  is  an  abstract  of  the  most  ancient  Roll : — 

*  Gilda  Mercatoria  Burgensium  Ville  de  Preston'  in  Amon- 
dernes  tenta  ibidem,  die  lune  proxima  post  festum  Ascencionis 
Domini  Anno  regni  Regis  Ricardi  secundi  post  conquestum 
A.D.  1397.  Anglie  vicesimo,  per  Will'  de  Ergham  tune  maiorem  dicte  gilde 
et  per  Galf '  de  Meles,  Thomam  de  More,  Johannem  de  Hacon- 
showe,  senescallos  dicte  Gilde,  Ric'  Blundell,  Henr'  le  Somnor, 
Symonem  de  Preston,  Joh'  le  Marisshall,  Ric'  de  Brethirton,  Will' 
de  Gany,  Joh'  de  Alston,  Will'  de  Walton  mercatorem,  Will' 
Grymbald  et  Joh'  Lambard,  tune  clericum  dicte  Gilde,  qui  qui- 
dem  prescripti  soluerunt  pro  feodis  et  finibus  suis,  vt  patebit 
inferius,  et  qui  quidem  predicti  fuerunt  Aldyrmen  predicte  Gilde 
et  receperunt  subscriptis  in  dextra  parte  de  huius  Gildam  pro 
finibus  suis  vt  patebit1. 

Hec  sunt  nomina  eorum  qui  sunt  in  prefata  Gilda  et  eorum 
quorum  patres  fuerunt  in  prefata  Gilda. 


Rob'  de  Wigan,  Capellanus. 
Galfrid'  de  Meles. 
Will'  Gyge. 


etc.        etc. 


Rog'  Alphin. 

Will'  de  Lydgreues  senior. 

Thomas  Trigs  draperius. 


etc.         etc. 


[108  names  in  all.] 


Burgenses  forinseci. 


Ric'  de  Hoghton  miles. 

Rog'  de  Etheleston. 

Ric'  filius  Joh'  de  Banastr'  de 


Walton  in  le  Dale, 
etc.     etc. 


Thomas  de  Barton. 

Will'  de  Hoghton  miles.    Ed- 

wardus  frater  eius. 
Henr'  de  Hoghton  miles. 


etc.     etc. 


[25  names  in  all.] 


1  In  Rep.  Record  Com.  1837,  p.  476,  the  reading  is  :  'receperunt  subscripta 
in  dextra  parte  huius  infra  gildam  pro  finibus,'  etc. 


proofs  anli  3dlitstratton&  197 

Adhiic  nomina  eorum  [qui]  jurati  sunt  [in  prefata]  Gilda  et  PRESTON, 
[eorum  quorum  patres  fuerunt]  in  eadem  Gilda. 


Joh'  filius  Rogeri . . .  Nicholson. 
Will'  filius  Ricardi  Jonson. 


etc.    etc. 


Rob'  filius  Henr'  de  Claghton. 
Joh'  filius  Willielmi  Toppyng. 
etc.     etc. 

[87  names  in  all.] 

Hec  sunt  nomina  eorum  quorum  patres  non  fuerunt  in  prefata 
Gilda,  et  ideo  fecerunt  finem. 

Will'  de  Ergham  per  plegium  Symonis  de  Preston  et  Joh' 

de  Haconshowe  XL.J. 
Will'  Wynter  per  plegium  Willielmi  de  Ergham  et  Roberti 

Sille  XL.J. 

Joh'  Lambard  per  plegium  Willielmi  de  Ergham  et  Joh'  de 
Haconshowe  vi.s.  \m.d. 

etc.  etc.  etc. 

[104  names  in  all,  each  with  two  pledges  and  a  fine  varying 
from  2s.  to  4os.  Among  them  are  tailors,  spicers,  websters, 
'souters,'  drapers,  glovers,  saddlers,  a  '  fflesshewer '  and  many 
mercers.] 

On  the  back  of  the  Roll  there  is  another  list  of  names  : — 


Alicia  relicta  Galf  Nicholson. 
Matill'  relicta  Ade  de  Tokhole. 


Margareta  relicta  Joh'  de  Ire- 


Cecilia  Roos. 

Xrfra  filia  Rog'  de  Haconshowe. 


Hen'  filius  Ade  de  Balschagh. 


land. 

[39  names  in  all,  most  of  them  belonging  to  widows,  sons 
and  daughters  of  gildsmen.] 

On  the  dorse  of  the  same  Roll  is  the  following  : — 
'Isti  Articuli  subscripti  ordinati  et  statuti  fuerunt  ad  istam 
Gildam  tentam  loco,  die  et  anno  infra  scriptis  per  consensum 
Will'  de  Ergham  tune  Maiorem  (sic)  istius  Gilde  et  per  senescallos 
et  Aldermannos  istius  Gilde,  sicut  seriater  [i.e.  seriatim]  post  pre- 
dictum  Maiorem  infra  scriptum,  videlicet :  quod  si  aliquis 
burgensis  ville  de  Preston  faciat  aliquam  forisfacturam  erga 
libertates  ville  predicte  sive  liberas  consuetudines  eiusdem  ville, 


198  C&e  Mil  sgjercftant 

PRESTON,  et  exinde  convictus  fuerit,  prodet  [i.e.  perdet]  libertatem  eiusdem 
ville  ad  voluntatem  Maioris,  qui  fuerit  pro  tempore,  et  illorum 
duodecim  qui  sibi  ordinati  sunt  predictas  libertates  et  libris 
[i.  e.  liberas]  consuetudines  ville  predicte  ad  gubernandum.  Item 
quod  nullus  fiat  Maior  predicte  ville  de  Preston  donee  prius  fuerit 
Ballivus  eiusdem  ville.  Item  si  aliquis  burgensis  ville  de  Preston 
electus  fuerit  per  consensum  communitatis  ville  predicte  ad 
ministrandum  in  aliquo  officio  decente  stat'm  [i.e.  statui]  suo  et 
illud  recusat,  p'd'ct  [?  perdet]  libertatem  suam  ad  voluntatem 
communitatis  ville  predicte.  Item  quod  de  cetero  nullus  ballivus 
ville  de  Preston  reddet  compotum  suum  de  [...]  cum  domino  nisi 
per  rotulum  burgagiorum  ville  predicte  et  burgensium  forinse- 
corum  et  per  perquisita  Curie  eiusdem  ville  et  per  capita  illorum 
qui  sunt  stallagarii,  sub  poene'  [i.e.  poena]  forisfacture  libertatis  sue 
ad  voluntatem  Maioris  et  illorum  duodecem  qui  pro  tempore 
predicti  Maioris  assignati  et  ordinati  sunt.  Item  quod  quilibet 
Ballivus  ville  de  Preston  reddat  compotum  suum  modo  prescripto 
ante  electionem  Maioris  et  sub  poene  forisfacture  libertatis  sue 
ad  voluntatem  Maioris  et  illorum  duodecem  qui  sibi  pro  tempore 
assignati,  electi  et  ordinati  erunt.  Isti  articuli  prescripti  statuti 
fuerunt  in  predicta  Curia  coram  Ricardo  de  Hoghton  et  tota 
communitate  ibidem  existente,  quo  [i.  e.  que]  quidem  communitas 
predictis  articulis  una  voce  consentunt  [i.e.  consentiuit]. 

Hie  sunt  [i.e.  finit]  ista  Gilda  Mercatoria  tenta  die,  loco  et  anno 
suprascriptis. — (Abram,  Rolls  of  Burgesses,  pp.  xviii  and  1-7. )* 

At  the  Gild  of  1415  more  than  200  'intrinsic'  burgesses  were 
enrolled;  52  others  were  admitted  on  payment  of  certain  fines; 
and  22  foreign  burgesses  are  entered  on  the  Roll.  Among 
those  admitted  by  fine  were  several  shoemakers. — (Abram, 
Memorials,  14.) 

Down  to  the  reign  of  Charles  II,  the  Gild  was  held  before  the 
Mayor,  three  Stewards  and  nine  Aldermen  of  the  Fraternity. 
These  twelve  were  the  '  principal  burgesses,'  and  in  the  Corpo- 
ration they  were  sometimes  called  '  benchers '  and  c  aldermen.' 

1  Cf.  Dobson  and  Harl.,  17-23  ;  Abram,  Memorials,  9-11. 


Proofs  anti  3fHustration&          199 

After  this  reign  till  1835  there  were  three  Stewards  and  only  four  PRESTON. 
other  Aldermen  of  the  Gild. — (Dobson  and  HarL,  21.) 

The  following  shows  that,  though  the  Gild  Merchant  of  Preston 
continued  to  exist,  it  no  longer  performed  its  ancient  functions  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  burghers.  In  1628  a  new  Company  was 
established  in  Preston  by  an  order  of  the  town  Council.  Its 
preamble  sets  forth  that,  although  an  act  of  Philip  and  Mary 
(1554)  had  ordained  that  'it  should  not  be  lawful  for  anie  person 
inhabitinge  in  the  countrye  to  come  into  anie  citye,  burroughe, 
marked;  towne,  towne  corporate,  or  within  the  suburbs  or  liberties 
of  the  same '  to  '  sett  on  saile  or  sell  by  retaile  any  manner  of 
woolen  cloth,  linen  cloth,  mercery  wares,  haberdasherye  wares, 
grocery  wares,  or  saltery  wares,  except  it  be  in  open  ffaires,  linen 
and  woollen  cloths  made  by  themselves  or  ther  meniall  servants 
onlie  excepted';  and  albeit,  by  another  Act  of  5  Elizabeth,  no  one 
was  to  set  up  any  craft  or  mystery,  except  he  had  been  an 
apprentice  seven  years; — yet,  notwithstanding,  divers  handi- 
craftsmen and  servants  at  husbandry  leaving  their  own  occupa- 
tions, seeking  not  only  to  live  easily  but  rather  idly,  had  taken 
upon  them  within  this  town  of  Preston  to  set  up  and  live  by 
trade  of  buying  and  selling  of  divers  wares  and  merchandise 
contrary  to  the  law,  etc.  : — for  remedy  whereof  the  Mayor,  Bailiffs 
and  Burgesses  of  Preston,  on  petition  of  the  most  part  of  the 
tradesmen  of  the  borough,  ordain  that  from  henceforth  there 
shall  be  within  the  town  'a  Companie  or  ffraternitie  called 
Wardens  and  Companie  of  Drapers,  Mercers,  Grocers,  Salters, 
Ironmongers,  and  Haberdashers,'  and  it  shall  have  power,  with 
consent  of  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  town,  to 
make  laws  for  the  better  ordering  of  the  said  trades  and  for  the 
governing  of  the  said  Company.  Two  Wardens  of  the  Fraternity 
are  to  be  yearly  chosen.  No  person  or  persons  not  inhabiting 
the  said  town  shall  exercise  any  of  the  said  trades  upon  pain  of 
forfeiting  los.  per  week  to  the  use  of  the  said  town  and  Company; 
further,  that  no  stranger  coming  within  the  town  shall  set  on  sale 
or  sell  by  wholesale  or  retail  any  wares  or  merchandise  belonging 
to  any  of  the  trades  aforesaid,  excepting  at  fair  times,  upon  pain 


200  cfce 

PRESTON,  of  forfeiting  the  wares  so  sold  or  proffered,  the  half  to  the  use 
of  the  town,  the  other  half  to  the  use  of  the  said  Company, 
except  the  wares  be  of  their  own  making. — (Abram,  Memorials, 

41-42.) 1 

The  subjoined  is  from  a  MS.  written  in  1741,  probably  by  the 
Town  Clerk  of  Preston  : — '  There  is  and  time  out  of  mind  hath 
been  a  Guild  Merchant  held  every  Twenty  Years,  in  and  for  this 
Burrough.  The  Freemen  or  Burgesses  are  of  two  sorts,  viz.,  the 
Foreign  Burgesses  and  the  Inn-Burgesses.  The  Foreign  Bur- 
gesses are  admitted  at  the  Guild  Merchant  and  at  no  other  time ; 
and  they  are  exempt  from  payment  of  Toll  for  Goods  that  they 
buy  in  the  Burrough  for  the  use  of  themselves  and  their  family. 
And  this  is  all  the  priviledge  they  have  [they  cannot  vote,  hold 

civic  offices,  enjoy  commons,  etc.] And  those  admitted 

betwixt  the  Guilds,  either  by  the  Council  or  the  Mayor,  come  in 
at  the  Guild  and  pay  the  usual  Fine  or  Fee  of  Seven-pence,  and 
are  entered  with  the  others,  and  from  that  time  they  all  become 
Guild  Burgesses.  But  until  the  Guild,  those  admitted  by  the 
Council  or  by  the  Mayor  are  called  Inn-Burgesses  by  Copy  of 
Court  Roll.' — (Abram^  Rolls  of  Burgesses,  pp.  xii-xiii.) 

At  the  Guild  Merchant  every  person  made  burgess  by  court 
roll  must  appear  and  be  admitted,  and  every  guild  brother  must 
be  re-admitted. — (Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  pp.  1687-1688.) 2 

Nicholas  Grimshaw,  mayor  of  Preston,  writing  in  the  early  part 
of  the  present  century,  having  mentioned  Coke's  assertion  that 
the  bestowal  of  the  Gild  Merchant  upon  a  town  implies  in- 
corporation, continues  thus : — '  But  the  grant  of  a  Gilda  Mer- 
catoria  does  not  seem  to  have  invested  the  Grantees  with  the 

local  government  of  the  Place,  for  a  Gilda  Mercatoria  established 
• 
in  a  Town,  may  be  distinct  from  the  general  Corporation  of  the 

Town,  though  the  Gilda  Mercatoria  and  the  Corporation  may  be 
connected.  The  officers  of  the  Gilda  Mercatoria  of  the  Borough 

1  Fora  detailed  account  of  this  interesting  Company  see  the  Preston  Guardian, 
Apr.  10,  Apr.  17,  May  i  and  June  12,  1875.     It  was  still  in  existence  in  the 
early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

2  Cf.  Abram,  Rolls  of  Burgesses,  p.  x. 


proofs  ann  3[llustrations,          201 

of  Preston  were  quite  distinct  from  those  of  the  Corporation,  PRESTON. 
though  they   are   now   selected   from   that   Body.     The  former 
consisted  of  a  Mayor,  Stewards  and  Aldermen,  and  a  Seneschal 
or  Clerk  of  the  Guild.' — (Preston  Guardian,  Sept.  16,  1876.) 

The  Gild  Merchant  of  Preston  'formed  a  kind  of  Court  of 
Session  of  corporate  legislation,  held  every  twenty  years  [since 
1542],  at  which  all  the  laws  for  the  government  of  the  corporation 
were  passed1,  and  at  which  all  the  privileges  of  the  burgesses 
were  first  claimed  and  subsequently  renewed.'  'The  duration 
of  the  Guild,  which  was  anciently  for  a  month,  was  reduced  in 
1822  to  a  fortnight,  and  in  1842  and  1862  [and  1882]  it  lasted 
only  a  week.'  '  At  the  conclusion  of  the  Guild  the  masters  and 
wardens  of  all  the  different  companies2  attend,  as  on  the  first 
day  of  the  Guild,  upon  the  worshipful  the  guild-mayor,  in 
open  court  at  the  Guild-hall,  along  with  a  number  of  the  bur- 
gesses. The  companies  then  have  their  guild-orders  sealed  and 
regularly  entered  in  the  books.'  'Formerly  the  purchase  of 
freedom  continued  from  Guild  to  Guild,  and  if  not  renewed  at 
each  returning  celebration,  it  was  lost.  The  Municipal  Reform 
Act  of  1835  by  abolishing  any  peculiar  trade  privilege  of  freemen 
and  opening  the  government  of  the  town  to  all  rate-payers, 
divested  the  Guild  of  much  of  its  interest.'  'At  the  last  two 
Guilds  freemen  renewed  their  franchise  as  of  old,  being  incited 
thereto  by  considerations  of  ancient  associations,  though  with  the 
bulk  of  them  the  right  is  of  no  commercial  value.  Henceforth 
the  main  business  of  the  Guild  will  be  festivity  and  ceremonials.' 
— (E.  Baines,  Co.  of  Lane.,  1870,  ii.  465-466.) 

A  programme  of  the  proceedings  at  the  Gild  Merchant  of  1882 
will  be  found  in  Abram's  Memorials,  pp.  150-152. 

1  Cf.  Abram,  Rolls  of  Burgesses,  p.  xi. 

2  The  trades  have  always  constituted  the  most  prominent  element  in  the  pro- 
cessions of  the  Preston  Gild  Merchant. 


202 


READING  l. 

READING.  'Henricus  [III]  Dei  gratia...  Sciatis  quod  volumus  et 
precipimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  quod  omnes  Burgenses 
de  Radinges  qui  sunt  in  Gilda  Mercatoria  in  Rading'  imper- 
petuum  quieti  sint  de  shyris  et  hundredis  et  omnibus  placitis, 
querelis,  theloneis,  passagiis  et  cariagiis  ;  et  vendant  et  emant 
vbicunque  voluerint,  per  totam  Angliam,  sine  theloneo.  Et 
nullus  eos  disturbet  super  forisfacturam  nostram  decem  librarum. 
Hiis  testibus  .  .  .  Datum  per  manum  nostram  apud  Portesmuth' 
A.D.  1253.  quinto  die  Julii  anno  regni  nostri  tricesimo-septimo.'  This  was 
A.D.  1344.  confirmed  by  a  charter  of  18  Edward  III.  —  (Man,  Reading,  342  ; 
Liber  Custumarum,  671;  Coates,  Reading,  Append,  vii.) 

'Incipiunt  Cyrographa  siue  finales  concordie.  Finalis  concordia 
inter  monasterium  rading'  et  burgenses  eiusdem  uille  super  placito 
libertatum  moto  in  Curia  domini  Regis.  —  Hec  est  finalis  concordia 
facta  in  curia  domini  regis  apud  westmonasterium  in  crastino 
purificationis  beate  Marie,  anno  regni  regis  henrici  filii  regis 
A.D.  1254.  Johannis  xxxvni0,  Coram  Henrico  de  Bathon',  Henrico  de  la 
Mar',  Henrico  de  Bratton'  et  Nicholao  de  Turri,  Justiciariis,  Ra- 
dulfo  filio  Nicholai  et  Bertranno  de  Curiel,  tune  senescallis,  et 
aliis  domini  regis  fidelibus  tune  ibi  presentibus,  Inter  Henr'  Wille 
et  Danielem  de  Wolues',  tune  senescallos  Gilde  de  rading',  et 
burgenses  eiusdem  uille,  querentes,  et  Ricardum  abbatem  de 
rading',  deforciantem,  de  consuetudinibus  et  seruitiis  que  idem 
abbas  exigebat  de  predictis  burgensibus.  Vnde  iidem  burgenses 
questi  fuerunt  quod  predictus  abbas  distrinxit  eos  ad  placitandum 
alibi  quam  in  gilda  sua  communi,  et  quod  abstulit  ab  eis  Gildam 
suam  mercandam  cum  pertinentiis.  Et  preterea  quod  predictus 
abbas  amouit  mercatum  uille  de  rading'  a  loco  quo  antiquitus 
teneri  solet.  Et  preterea  quod  exigebat  ab  eisdem  burgensibus 
alias  consuetudines  et  alia  seruitia  quam  facere  debuerunt  et 
facere  consueuerunt  temporibus  predecessorum  predicti  domini 
regis,  regum  anglie.  Quas  consuetudines  et  que  seruitia  dicti 

1  For  remarks  on  the  Gild  Merchant  of  Reading  see  Coates,  Reading,  49-59  ; 
Man,  Reading,  341-347;  Merew.  and  Stephens,  139-141. 


Proofs  ano  3[llustration&  203 

burgenses  eidem  abbati  non  cognouerunt.     Et  unde  placitum  READING. 
fuit  inter  eos  in  eadem  curia,  s[cilicet],  quod  predictus  abbas 
concessit  pro  se  et  successoribus  suis  et  ecclesia  sua  de  rading' 
predictis  burgensibus  et  eorum  heredibus  quod  mercatum  bladi 
in  uilla  de  rading'  sit  in  loco  illo  in  perpetuum  ubi  prius  esse 
solebat,  et  quod  omnia  alia  uendantur  in  locis  illis  in  quibus 
prius  uendi  consueuerunt.     Et  quod  predicti  burgenses  habeant 
gildhallam    suam  mercandam  in  uilla  de  rading'  cum  xii.  mes- 
suagiis  que  ad  gildhallam  illam  pertinent,  simul  cum  prato  quod 
uocatur  portmanebroc,  reddendo  inde  annuatim  dicto  abbati  et 
successoribus  suis  et  ecclesie  sue  predicte  dimidiam  marcam  ad 
festum   sancti   michaelis,  vbi   prius  nihil  solebant  reddere    nisi 
unum  denarium  tantum.     Et  quod  habeant  gildam  suam  mer- 
candam cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  suis  in  perpetuum.     Et  pro 
hac  concessione,  fine  et  concordia   predicti  burgenses   conces- 
serunt  pro  se  et  heredibus  eorum  quod  predictus  abbas  et  suc- 
cessores  sui  de  cetero  assumant  unum  burgensem  de  predictis 
burgensibus  qui  sit  in  gilda  mercanda  et  de  quo  predicti  bur- 
genses sint  contenti,  qui  sit  custos  gilde  mercande  et  qui  faciat 
sacramentum  tarn  dictis  abbati  quam  burgensibus  ad  omnia  que 
ad  gildam  mercandam  pertinent   fideliter  obseruanda;   et  quod 
de  anno  in  annum  amouebitur,  et  tune  loco  illius  substituetur 
secundum   quod   predictum    est.     Concesserunt   etiam   predicti 
burgenses  pro  se  et  heredibus  ipsorum  quod  predictus  abbas  et 
successores  sui  habeant  de  cetero  de  filio  cuiuslibet  burgensis 
legittime  nato  iiii.  sol.  ad  introitum  gilde  mercande,  et  de  quo- 
libet  homine  forinseco  medietatem  finis  quern  facere  poterit  cum 
predicto  custode  per  uisum  unius  monachi  dicti  abbatis  et  suc- 
cessorum  suorum  ad  hoc  testificandum  assignati.      Ita  quod  si 
finis  ille  testificetur  per  sex  legales  homines  dicte  gilde,  quod  finis 
ille  sit  racionabilis,  dictus  monachus   non   poterit  ilium  finem 
refutare.     Et   preterea   dicti  burgenses   concesserunt   pro  se  et 
heredibus  eorum  quod   predictus   abbas  et  successores  sui  de 
cetero  habeant  singulis  annis  ad  festum  sancti  petri  ad  uincula 
v.   denarios   de   quolibet  burgense   in   gilda  mercanda   nomine 
cheping  gauel.     Et   preterea  concesserunt   pro  se  et   heredibus 


2O4 


sgjercfmnt 


suour. 

sellers.- 
draps. 


commune 
choses  a 
vendre. 


READINQ.  ipsorum  quod  bene  licebit  dicto  abbati  et  successoribus  suis 
tailliare  dictam  uillam  de  rading',  quando  dominus  rex  tailliat 
dominica  sua.  Concesserunt  etiam  predict!  burgenses  pro  se 
et  heredibus  eorum  quod  bene  licebit  dicto  abbati  et  succes- 
soribus suis  uel  eorum  balliuis  placitare  in  predicta  gildhalla 
omnia  placita  que  ad  predictam  uillam  pertinent  de  rading'  placi- 
tanda.  Et  quod  habeant  omnes  emendas  tarn  de  Gildanis  quam 
de  aliis.  Et  quod  clauis  gildhalle  remaneat  custodi  gildhalle,  qui 
ipsam  tradet  dicto  abbati  uel  balliuis  suis  sine  contradiccione, 
quando  ibi  placitare  uoluerint.  Et  si  contingat  quod  aliquis 
predictorum  burgensium  de  gilda  mercanda  pro  aliquo  delicto 
in  misericordiam  incident,  secundum  quantitatem  delicti  et  eius 
facultatem  amercietur.  Preterea  dicti  burgenses  recognouerunt 
pratum  quod  iacet  ad  caput  prati  quod  uocatur  portmanebroc 
esse  ius  ipsius  abbatis  et  ecclesie  sue  de  rading',  et  illud  ei  reddi- 
derunt  in  eadem  curia  et  remiserunt  et  quietum  clamauerunt  de 
se  et  heredibus  ipsorum  dicto  abbati  et  successoribus  suis  et 
ecclesie  sue  de  rading'  in  perpetuum.' — (Registrum  Cart.  Abbatiae 
de  Reading,  MS.  Harl.  1708,  fol.  I66.)1 

'PUNCTA    GILDE.' 

'  II  est  establi  en  la  uyle  de  Rading'  qe  nul  taneour  ne  mette 
quyr  en  confytt,  et  si  countre  le  etablisement  eyt  fayt  et  conuencu 
ensoyt,  les  chateux  en  la  meyn  labbe  deuent  estre  seysis  et  son 
corps  retenuz. — Item  nul  suour  ne  luise  quyr  a  la  manere  de 
cordewan,  ne  en  soudiers  ne  mette,  ne  ices  sodiers  ne  aporte  a 
vendre  en  bourgh.  Et  si  il  en  fet,  perde  les  chateux,  et  le 
homme  remeyne  en  la  mercy  de  senescals. — Item  nul  farse  selles 
ne  paneals  de  mussa ;  et  sil  soyent  trouetz  farsietz,  soyent  ars, 
el  homme  en  la  mercy  al  seneschals. — Item  nul  ne  face  draps  ou 
burlee  seyent  melle  en  la  layne ;  et  sil  soyt  ateynt  qe  ceo  eit  fayt, 
le  drap  seyt  ars,  et  le  feseour  en  la  mercy  al  seneschals. — Item 
qe  totes  les  choses  qe  en  bourgh  vygnent  a  vendre  si  soyent 
vendutz  en  Ius  establis  et  coustemables ;  et  qi  ailours  les 


1  Coates,  Appendix  v,  gives  an  old  English  translation  of  this  '  concord  ';  cf. 
also  Merew.  and  Stephens,  139. 


Proofs  ano  3iltastration&  205 

achate,  perde  les  chateux  et  en  la  mercy  al  prouoste  remeyne,  READING. 

sil  ne  seyt  haut  homme  qi  ad  son  creaunsour  come  a  veysin 

par  conoysaunce  ses  quyrs  enuoye  a  vendre  come  leals. — Item  blee. 

nul  foreyn  par  iour  de  marche  ne  achate  deuant  la  tierce,  sil  ne 

soit  haut  homme ;  et  sil  achate,  perde  sun  ble  et  en  la  mercy  al 

prouoste  remeyne. — Item  nul  marchant  dedeyns  deux  lewes  de  [oysseaux, 

burgh  oysseaux,  ne  pessons,  ne  nule  chose  qe  a  maunger  et  de  e 

seygnurs  ne  a  prodeshommes  aperteyne,  ne  nachatont  les  choses 

qe  al  bourgh  sunt  portes  et  [i.  e.  a]  vendre  deuant  la  tierce ;  et 

qi  countre  ceo   auera   trepasse,  les   merz  aehates   si  perde,  et 

il   soyt   mys  par    Gage    et  plegge   destier  a   dreyt    deuant    le 

seneschals, — Item  les  choses  qe  les  regrateours  achatont  apres  regrateours. 

la    tierce    deuent    estre    a    tel    marche   achate   qe   a   tel   feor 

pusent   a   lur    veysyns    vendre. — Item    pessoners    qi   ad    deux  pessoners. 

charettes   oue   pesson   lun  et  lautre  mette   auant  a  vendre,  et 

ensement  sommages,  et  si  a  lempeyrement  de  la  vile  lun  est 

auant  mise  et  lautre  est  concele,  la  concele  en  la  meyn  labbe 

seyt  seisi,   et  le  pessoner  par  Gage  et  par  plegge  mys  destier 

a  dreyt  deuant  les  seneschals. — Item  cerueyse  venale  bone  soyt  Ceruoyse. 

solom  le  marche  de  blee,  issi  soyt  vendu,  et  payn  ensement. — Item  bochiers. 

Nient  plus  macecriers  qe  deux  a  plus  achatont  ensemble  bieof 

ne  motoun  ne  autre  auier,  issi  qe  entre  eux  seyt  party  par  quarters 

a  vendre ;  et  si  nul  eit  fayt  marche,  nul  autre  sentremette  deuaunt 

qe  lautre  soyt  del  bieof  ou  de  lautre  auer  quil  auera  marche 

departi.     Et    qi   autrement   leit   fait   et   soit   atteynt  par   Gage 

et  plegge  seit  mys  destier  a  dreyt  deuant  les  seneschals. — Item  Chars. 

Chars  sodeynement  morte  troue  en  mayn  de  macecrier  a  vendre 

ou   char  forsenee  doit  estre  ars,  et  le  macecrier  en  la  mercy 

a  seneschals. — Item  nul  foreyne  ne  doyt  quir  cruz  ne  peaux  veluz  quyrcruz,peux, 

de  nul  foreyn  marchant  ne  layne  ne  fil  en  marche  de  Radyng' 

achatier ;  et  qi  ceo  auera  fayt  perde  le  chatel,  et  le  chateur  en  la 

mercy  a  seneschals. — Item  nul  foreyn  porte  quyr  tannes  par  nul  quir  tanne. 

houre  de  Ian  en  la  vile  de  Radyng'  a  vendre,  mes  taunt  soulement  a 

feyres ;  et  qi  autre  leyt  fayt,  soyent  les  chateux  seisis  en  la  mayn  le 

seneschals,  et  il  en  lour  mercy;  et  qant  il  auera  fayt  lur  assetz,  eit  ses 

chateux. — Item  nul  suour  qi  ne  soyt  de  la  fraunche  gylde  ne  face  suour. 


206 


Cfte  <$ilD  a^erclmnt 


READING,  souliers  en  fourme  for  taunt  soulement  de  sect  pouz,  et  qi  autre- 

Lynge  tiele.  ment  en  fra  en  la  mercy  soit  a  seneschals. — Item  mil  foreyn  vende 
en  marche  tiele  lanuga  ne  lynge  par  tayle  for  tant  soulement  en 
terme;  et  qi  en  contre  ceo  fra  et  soyt  ateynt,  remeynent  les 
chateux  en  la  mayn  a  seneschals  de  ci  qi  [i.e.  desque]  il  eyent  vers 

ferour.  eux  amende. — Item  nul  ferour  estraunge  ne  uende  en  marche  de 

Redyng'  feer  ne  acier  fors  de  le  limunns  de  sa  charette  ou  sur 
claye  ou  sur  sun  barhude  de  deyns  le  limuns ;  et  qi  autrement  le 
fayt  remeyne  en  la  mercy  de  seneschals. — Item  nul  feure 
foreyn  ne  vende  en  marche  sur  estal  beches,  trubles  ferres  ne 
nul  altre  ferrealment  for  tant  soulement  alant  et  portaunt  sur 
les  espausles ;  et  qi  autrement  le  fra  soyt  atache  et  en  la 

parmenter.  mercy  a  seneschals. — Item  nul  parmenter  estraunge  neyt  cuue 
ne  counfite  en  sa  mesone,  ne  nul  peal  en  confite;  et  qi 
autrement  le  fra  remeyne  en  la  mercy  a  seneschals. — Item  nul 
parmenter  ne  vende  a  estallage  nul  de  ses  merz,  sil  ne  soyt  en  la 
leisiues  (?)  sur  sun  dos  le  aporte  a  vendre ;  et  qi  autrement  le  fra 

macecrier.  soyt  en  la  mercy  a  seneschals. — Item  nul  macecrier  ne  vende 
char  freche  ne  sale  fors  entier  ou  par  quartiers  et  nul  char 
ne  coupe  a  vendre ;  et  qi  lauera  fayt  soit  en  la  mercy  a  seneschals. 

pessoner.  — Item  nul  foreyn  pessoner  qi  pesson  porte  a  vendre  a  marche 
ne  coupe  nul  pesson  a  vendre,  si  par  le  noun  de  seneschals  ou 
de  bailifs ;  et  nul  foreyn  ne  peot  ceo  faere  par  nule  conge,  si  nul 
gildeyn  de  pesson  eit  a  vendre. — Item  nul  estraunge  ne  porte 
harange  a  uendre  par  nul  iour  de  la  symaygne  en  marche  for  tant 
soulement  vn  iour  de  marche,  et  si  il  veaut  en  la  vile  remeyndre 
et  par  autre  iour  son  harange  vendre  et  en  marche  ester  a  uendre, 
il  vendra  dieux  harange  plus  qil  ne  fesoyt  le  iour  deuant  ou  il  sen 

harange.  irra ;  et  qi  autrement  le  fait  seit  en  la  mercy  a  seneschals. — Item 

si  estraunge  qi  porte  harange  ou  pesson  a  vendre  en  marche  eit 
remenaunt  et  la  voile  vendre,  nul  de  la  vile  ne  la  chate,  si  sustener 
ne  puse  le  marche  a  ses  veisyns,  si  come  lestraunge  vendi  le 
iour  deuant,  et  si  ne  achate  pas  eel  remenant  deuant  la  tierce ;  et 

regratier.  qi  autrement  le  fayt  soyt  en  la  mercy  de  seneschals. — Item  nul 
regratier  qi  ne  soyt  de  la  ley  ne  vende  par  tail  veil  formage  ne 
oynt  ne  siew  ne  eyre,  et  qi  le  fait  seit  en  la  mercy  a  seneschals. 


Proofs  anD  3|Husttations.  207 

— Item  nul  braceresse  estraunge  qi  bracer  veoyle  en  la  vile  ne  mette  READING. 
sun  sercle  en  la  rwe  deuant  qe  sa  ceruoise  soit  tastie,  et  desques  braceresse 
cele  soit  troue  bone  sil  mette  sun  sercle  tant  soulement  a  iour  de 
marche  -et  ne  mye  plus ;  qui  auterment  le  fra  soit  en  la  mercy 
a  seneschals. — Item   nul  ne  achate  myel  en   marche   p[ur]   la 
gildmele  sur  la  forfeture  a  seneschals. — Item  si  nul  gildeyn  eit 
apele  sun  pier  laroun  ou  cryme  de  felonye  leit  surmys  a  sun 
deshonour,  et    de   ceo   soit   ateynt,   greuousement   soit   chastie 
et  en  la  mercy  a  seneschals.' — (Registrant  Cart.  Abbat.  de  Read.^ 
ff.  162-163.) l 

The  oath  of  the  Gild,  '  Juramentum  Gilde  Aule  Radingie,'  as 
used  about  14  Henry  VI,  is  still  extant.  The  new  brother  swore 
to  be  true  to  the  king,  to  the  mayor  of  Reading  and  the  burgesses 
of  the  '  gilde  merchant ' ;  to  notify  the  mayor  of  any  person  who 
would  disturb  the  liberties  of  the  Gild;  to  conceal  ('heele')  the 
common  counsel  of  the  gild,  declaring  it  to  no  person  out  of  the 
'  seid  gildhall,'  except  it  be  a  burgess  of  the  same  hall. — (Coates, 
57-58.)  Previous  to  this  reign  the  head  of  the  Fraternity  was 
called  '  custos  gilde,'  the  keeper  or  master  of  the  Gild.  In  the 
fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries  the  terms  '  keeper  of  the  Gild ' 
and  '  mayor  '  appear  to  be  used  interchangeably. — (Ibid.,  54,  60 ; 
Man,  343,  358.) 

The  disputes  between  the  Abbot  and  the  Gild  continued  in  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.  In  1430  the  Abbot  seized 
certain  shambles,  which,  as  the  burgesses  asserted,  belonged  to 
them.  The  latter  also  claimed  that  they  had  the  title  of  a  body 
corporate,  a  guild-hall  and  a  common  seal,  that  they  returned  two 
members  to  parliament,  that  they  were  discharged  from  all  shires 
and  hundred  courts  and  were  toll-free  throughout  England. 
'  Lastly  they  add  that  the  warden  and  burgesses  were  seised 
of  the  premises  in  right  of  their  Gild  Merchant,  by  the  service 
of  one  penny  due  to  the  king,  before  the  monastery  of  Reading 

1  Coates  printed  this  record  in  the  Supplement  to  the  History  of  Reading 
(1809),  but  his  transcript  is  marred  by  many  verbal  errors  and  several  impor- 
tant omissions.  The  document  is  undated,  but  the  handwriting  appears  to  be 
of  the  fourteenth  century. 


208  e&e 

READING,  was  founded ;  which  Gild  Merchant,  messuages  and  appurten- 
ances, had  they  been  in  the  king's  own  hands,  he  would  have 
granted  to  the  monastery  in  the  same  manner  as  he  granted  and 
gave  "all  the  foresaid  town  of  Reading.'" — (Coates,  53-54.) 

Here  are  some  later  admissions  to  the  Gild  of  persons  of 
distinction  : — '  Edw.  4^  anno  2do.  Edwardus  Langford,  armiger, 
factus  frater  gildae  aulae.'  'Hen.  8vi  anno  imo.  Venit  Ric. 
Meredith,  serviens  stabulae  domini  Regis  Hen.  8vi,  et  dat  de 
fine  ad  intrandum  gildam  mercandam,  etc.'  'Hen.  8vi  anno 
36*°,  prima  septima  Quadragesime.  Ad  hunc  diem  venit  Joh. 
Poyntz  et  benigne  disideravit  intrare  gildam  mercandam  burgi 
predicti.'  One  of  the  fees  generally  paid  on  admission  was  for  a 
breakfast,  ' pro  jentaculo.' — (Coates,  56-57.) 

The  following  is  extracted  from  a  composition  made  between 
the  burgesses  and  the  Abbot  in  1507  : — 'And  as  touching  chepyn 
gavell,  which  is  a  yerely  fyne  only  of  all  and  everie  burgess  of  the 
seide  gylde,  which  out  of  tyme  of  mynde  hath  been  payed  yerely 
to  the  predecessors  of  the  seide  abbot  by  everie  burgess  of  the 
seide  gylde,  that  is  to  saie,  every  burgess  of  the  same  gylde  hath 
payed  five  pence  yerely,  and  the  widowe  of  everie  burgess  of  the 
seide  gylde  two  pence  farthinge  yerely,  at  the  fest  of  seynt  Peter  ad 
vincula,  for  their  occupation  of  merchandies  in  the  seide  towne, 
for  whych  fyne  of  chepyn  gavell  it  is  thought  by  the  seide  lorde 
and  justices,  for  a  full  declaration  thereof  hereafter,  that  everie 
burgess  of  the  seide  gylde  and  widowe  aforeseid,  for  the  seide  fyne 
of  chepyn  gavell,  shall  and  may  frely  bye  and  sell  all  manner  of 
merchandies  in  their  howses  and  shoppes  in  the  seide  towne,  and 
also  bye  and  sell  all  manner  of  merchandies  and  thyngs  venable 
in  feyres  and  markets  of  the  seide  town  out  of  their  howses  and 
shoppes.' — (Man,  357.) 

A  record  of  the  reign  of  Edward  VI,  Mary  or  Elizabeth  is  en- 
titled, 'An  account  of  the  several  companies  belonging  to  the  guild- 
merchant  of  Reading  with  their  fines  of  admission  and  the  rules 
by  which  they  were  governed.'  These  companies  were :  the  Mercers 
and  Drapers,  comprising  the  '  mercers,  drapers,  potuaries,  haber- 
dashers, chapmen,  taylors  and  cloth-drawers';  the  Cutlers  and 


anD  3|llustratton&  209 

Bell-founders,  including  the  'cutlers,  bell-founders,  brazierers,  READING. 
pewterers,  smiths,  pinners,  barbers,  carpenters,  joiners,  fletchers, 
wheelers,  basket-makers,  coopers,  sawyers,  bricklayers,  card-makers, 
turners,  plumbers,  painters  and  glaziers';  the  Tanners  and  Leather- 
sellers,  containing  the  tanners,  leather-sellers,  shoe-makers,  curriers, 
glovers,  sadlers,  jerkin-makers,  bottle-makers,  collar-makers  and 
cobblers  ;  the  Clothiers  and  Cloth-workers,  including  the  clothiers, 
dyers,  weavers,  shearmen,  shuttle-makers  and  ash-burners ;  the 
Victuallers  and  Innholders,  comprising  the  vintners,  innholders, 
bakers,  brewers,  butchers,  fishmongers,  chandlers,  malt-makers, 
wood-mongers,  salters  and  flax-dressers. — (Man,  347-353.) 

'Previous  to  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  the  Guild  Merchant  at 
Reading  was  divided  into  five  companies,  which  were  composed 
of  freemen,  and,  under  a  variety  of  grants  and  charters,  had  an 
exclusive  right  to  trade  within  the  borough.' — (Munic.  Corp.  Com. 

i835>P-  "3-) 

SALISBT7EY. 

'  Homines  de  Andeura  reddunt  compotum  de  x.  marcis  pro 
habenda  eadem  libertate  in  Gilda  sua,  quam  homines  de  Wiltona 
et  de  Saresberia  habent  in  Gilda  sua.'  Pipe  Roll,  22  Hen.  II, 
Rot.  1 3 a. — (Madox,  Firma  Burgi,  27.) 

1  Johannes  dei  gratia,  etc.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  burgensibus 
nostris  de  Sarisbir'  ut  habeant  gildam  mercatorum  ad  Sarisbir',  et 
quod  sint  quieti  de  theloneo,  passagio  et  consuetudine  per  totam 
terram  nostram,  sicut  burgenses  de  Winton'  qui  sunt  de  gilda  mer- 
catorum sint  quieti,  et  sicut  carta  Regis  Henrici  avi  patris  nostri 
testatur.  Et  super  hoc  nullus  eos  injuste  disturbet  pro  consue- 
tudine super  decem  librarum  forisfacturam,  sicut  carta  Henrici 
Regis  patris  nostri  rationabiliter  testatur.  Testibus  .  .  .  anno  A. D.  1200. 
regni  nostri  primo.' — (Rot.  Chart.,  54.) 

In  1306  a  composition  was  entered  into  between  the  citizens 
and  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury.  Only  one  clause  refers  to  the  Gild  : 
— '  Also,  from  the  time  of  the  making  of  these  presents,  there 
shall  be,  in  the  city  aforesaid,  a  Gild  of  Merchants,  in  which 
thenceforth  are  included  as  subject  and  devoted  to  the  said  lord 

p 


SALISBURY,  bishop  and  the  bailiff  aforesaid  all  and  everyone  who  before  the 
making  of  these  presents  have  humbly  submitted  to  the  same  lord 
bishop  and  have  on  this  occasion  appeared  before  the  above  said 
Mr.  Walter,  deputed  by  the  above  said  lord  bishop,  as  aforesaid, 
for  this  purpose,  and  have  promised  that  they  will  obey  the  ordin- 
ance of  the  same  lord  bishop,  whose  names  are  written  in  a  col- 
lateral schedule  by  the  same  Mr.  Walter,  as  is  aforesaid;  but 
from  henceforth  only  they  shall  participate  of  the  said  gild  and 
the  liberties  obtained  who  by  the  said  lord  bishop,  his  successors, 
the  mayor  of  the  city  for  the  time  being  shall  happen  to  be  there- 
unto admitted ;  but  in  the  future  emoluments  which  will  and  may 
happen  in  the  admissions  aforesaid,  the  same  shall  be  divided 
into  four  parts,  whereof  the  said  lord  bishop  shall  have  two,  the 
mayor  and  bailiff  a  third  equally,  and  the  commonalty  afore- 
said a  fourth.  But  they  who  have  renounced  the  liberties  afore- 
said and  before  the  making  of  these  presents  have  submitted 
themselves  to  the  lord,  though  they  do  not  exercise  any  publick 
office  in  the  said  city  upon  this  occasion  and  perhaps  are  not 
admitted  to  the  common  transactions  of  these  matters,  yet  they 
may  be  in  the  said  gild  and  enjoy  the  liberties  aforesaid  by 
reason  of  their  submission  aforesaid ;  but  the  rest  who  have  made 
the  renunciation  aforesaid  and  before  the  making  of  these  presents 
have  in  no  wise  established  themselves  with  the  said  lord  bishop, 
shall  during  the  revolt  be  utterly  separated  and  removed  from 
such  transactions,  from  all  bargains,  contracts  and  merchandizes 
whatsoever  and  from  councils  and  publick  offices  in  the  city  itself 
and  from  our  commonalty.' — (Antiquitates  Sarisb.,  27 9.)* 

The  list  of  those  who  submitted  and  hence  were  included  in 
the  Gild,  comprises  217  names ;  among  them  were  many  hatters, 
fishermen,  drapers,  dyers,  fullers,  etc. — (Hoare^  Modern  Wilts.)  vi. 
78.) 

SHKEWSBUBY. 

*Concessimus  etiam  eisdem  Burgensibus  et  heredibus  eorum 
quod  habeant  Gildam  Mercatoriam  cum  Hansa  et  aliis  consue- 
tudinibus  et  libertatibus  ad  Gildam  illam  pertinentibus,  et  quod 
1  Cf.  Hoare,  Modern  Hist,  of  Wilts.,  vi.  77. 


Proofs  ann  illustrations,  211 

nullus  qui  non  sit  in  Gilda  ilia  mercandisam  aliquam  faciat  in  SHREWSBURY. 
predicto  Burgo  nisi  de  uoluntate  eorundem  Burgensium.  Con- 
cessimus  etiam  eis  et  eorum  heredibus  quod  si  aliquis  natiuus 
alicuius  in  prefato  Burgo  manserit,  et  etiam  in  eo  se  tenuerit,  et 
fuerit  in  prefata  Gilda  et  Hansa  et  loth  et  Scoth  cum  eisdem  Bur- 
gensibus  per  unum  annum  et  i.  diem  sine  calumpnia,  deinceps 
non  possit  repeti  a  domino  suo,  sed  in  eodem  Burgo  liber  per- 
maneat.  Preterea  concessimus  eisdem  Burgensibus  et  heredibus 
eorum  quod  quieti  sint  per  totam  terrain  nostram  de  theloneo, 
lestageo,'  etc. — (Record  Office,  Charter  Roll  n  Hen.  Ill,  pars  i,  A.D.  1227. 
mem.  I6.)1 

4  Rex,  etc.  Omnibus,  etc.  Salutem.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  et 
presenti  carta  nostra  confirmasse  Burgensibus  nostris  de  Salop' 
quod  nullus  emat  infra  Burgum  de  Salop'  coria  recencia  uel 
pannum  crudum,  nisi  sit  in  lotto  et  scotto  et  in  assisis  et  tallagiis 
cum  eisdem  Burgensibus.  Quare  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus 
quod  iidem  Burgenses  et  heredes  eorum  habeant  in  perpetuum 
predictam  libertatem  de  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  bene  et  in 
pace,  sicut  predictum  est,  et  sicut  carta  domini  Johannis  Regis 
patris  nostri,  quam  inde  habent,  rationabiliter  testatur.  Testibus,'  A.D.  1227. 
etc. — (Ibid.,  mem.  13.) 

The  ancient  Gild  Rolls  of  Shrewsbury  consist  of  lists  of  gilds- 
men.  The  first  begins  thus  : — '  Sanctus  Spiritus  assit  nobis. 
Nomina  illorum  qui  sunt  in  Gilda  Mercanda  in  burgo  Salop',  et 
quorum  patres  prius  non  fuerunt  in  libertatibus  Gilde,  Anno  xi. 
Regni  Regis  Johannis,  et  quorum  finis  v.  sol.  nn.</.'  Thirty  A.D.  1209. 
names  follow,  after  each  of  which  is  set  \iu.d.  and  sometimes 
'vui.d.  primo.' — 'Illi  qui  primo  intraverunt  Gildam.'  Nine 
names  follow.  '  De  forinsecis  qui  intraverunt  Gildam  et  de 
fine  eorum.'  Fifty-six  names,  with  payments  varying  from  half 
a  mark  to  105-.  'Isti  intrauerunt  ad  ultimam  assisam  primo/ 
Fifty-nine  names.  On  this  Roll  are  endorsed  upwards  of  three 
hundred  other  names. 

The  second  Roll  begins  thus  : — '  Memorandum  de  Gilda  mer-  A.D.  1209. 
canda  burgi  Salop'  ad  Quartam  assisam,  Anno  xi.  regni  regis 

1  Cf.  Owen  and  Blakeway,  Shrewsb.,  i.  100. 
P  2 


212 

SHREWSBURY.  Johannis  in  festo  Sancti  Bartholomei.  De  illis  quorum  patres 
fuerunt  in  gulda,  un[a]  assisa  De  xxn.<£  apponitur.'  One  hun- 
dred and  sixty-nine  names,  followed  by  mi.d.  and  sometimes 
'primo'  or  '  secundo  1.'  This  Roll  is  endorsed  'Memorandum 
de  ultimis  qui  intrauerunt  assisam  gilde  primo,  Anno  nnto 

A.D.  1220.  regni  Regis  henrici  filii  Regis  Johannis  in  crastino  Sancti  Jacobi 
Apostoli.'  Three  hundred  and  fifty  names. 

Third  Roll. — 'Memorandum  de  Forinsecis   et  aliis  in   gilda 
ultima  intratis  ad  vin.  assisam  in  crastino  Sancte  trinitatis  anno 

A.D.  1229.  Regni  Regis  henrici  filii  Regis  Johannis  xin0.'  One  hundred 
and  sixty-four  names. 

Fourth  Roll. — '  Rotulus  de  Ghylda  mercatoria  in  burgo  Salop' 
ad  novam  assisam ;  primus  dies  sessionis  fuit  dies  martis  prox' 

A.D.  1239.  post  festum  Sancti  Dionisii  anno  regni  regis  henrici  xxin.'  Sixty- 
eight  names. 

Fifth  Roll. — '  Rotulus  de  forincesis  de  Gylda  mercantoria  ad  as- 
sisam novam  prime  diei  mercurii  prox'  post  festum  Sancti  Barnabe 

A.D.  1252.  apostoli  Anno  regni  regis  Henrici  filii  Regis  Johannis  tricesimo 
sexto.'  Two  hundred  and  thirty-four  names  ;  a  few  females  occur 
in  this  and  some  of  the  former  Rolls. 

Sixth  Roll. — '  Rotulus  de  illis  qui  quatuor  denarios  sunt  paca- 
turi.  Nomina  Theynesmen.'  Twelve  names,  apparently  those  of 
the  principal  people  in  the  town.  Over  most  of  them  are  set 
different  numbers,  as  v°,  vn°,  nnto,  etc.  Then  follows  the  head- 
ing '  Rotulus  de  Ghylda  mercatoria  in  burgo  Salop'  ad  novam 
assisam ;  primus  dies  sessionis  fuit  dies  mercurii  prox'  post  festum 
Sancti  Barnabe  apostoli  anno  regni  regis  henrici  filii  Johannis 
xxxvi.'  Three  hundred  and  sixty-eight  names,  after  most  of 
which  there  is  a  number  i,  n,  HI,  etc. 

The  Seventh  Roll  relates  to  foreigners  of  the  Gild,  52  Henry 
III,  and  contains  117  names.  The  two  remaining  Rolls  belong  to 

1  Owen  and  Blakeway  explain  the  addition  of '  primo,'  <  secundo,'  etc.  thus  : 
'  Hence,  and  because  the  very  same  names  occur  in  several  lists,  it  appears  that 
these  were  persons  who  professed  their  willingness  to  contribute  to  the  burdens 
of  the  town.'  *  I.  II.  III.,  etc.  denoting,  it  should  seem,  the  number  of  times 
which  each  individual  had  paid  the  assessment.'  (Hist,  of  Shrewsbury,  i.  103, 
104.) 


Proofs  anD  3[Hustrations,  213 

the  same  year  and  comprise  263  names  of  foreigners. — (Owen  SHREWSBURY. 
and  Blakeway,  Shreiusb.,  i.  102-105.) 

A  long  Patent  granted  by  Elizabeth  in  1586  refers  thus  to  the 
Gild: — 'Et  volumus  ac  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus 
nostris  per  presentes  ordinamus  et  constituimus  quod  nullus 
residens  aut  inhabitans  aut  exnunc  infra  villam,  villatas,  hamlettas 

i* 

et  locos  predictos  habitare  vel  residere  contingens,  qui  nunc  non 
sit  aut  deinceps  non  erit  liber  Burgensis  dicte  ville  nostre  Salop' 
aut  de  Gilda  Burgensium  eiusdem  ville  admissus,  se  intromittat 
cum  aliquibus  mercandizis  siue  mercimoniis  infra  predictam 
villam  Salop'  aut  infra  parochias,  villam,  villatas,  hamlettas  seu 
locos  predictos  aut  limites  seu  procincta  alicuius  eorundem 
emendis  seu  vendendis,  nee  ad  aliqua  libertates,  liberas  consuetu- 
dines  seu  priuilegia,  que  prefati  liberi  Burgenses  racione  Gilde 
sue  infra  villam  predictam  vsitata  et  approbata  habere  et  gaudere 
consueuerunt,  habenda,  exercenda  seu  obtinenda,  admittantur 
(sic]  seu  super  se  exercere  assumat  aut  assumere  presumat,  nee  in 
libertatem  Gilde  eiusdem  ville  sit  admissus,  nisi  ad  voluntatem  et 
per  admissionem  dictorum  Balliuorum  et  Burgensium  ville  Salop' 
predicte  pro  tempore  existencium  vel  maioris  partis  eorundem.' — 
(Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  28  Eliz.,  pars  10,  mem.  19-20.) 

SOUTHAMPTON  J. 

'Henricus  [II]  Rex  Angliae  .  .  .  salutem.  Praecipio  quod 
Homines  mei  de  Hantona  habeant  et  teneant  gildam  suam  et 
omnes  libertates  et  consuetudines  suas  in  terra  et  in  mari,  ita  bene 
et  in  pace  et  juste  et  libere  et  quiete  et  honorifice  sicut  habue- 
runt  melius  et  liberius  et  quietius  tempore  Regis  Henrici  avi  mei  j 
et  nullus  eis  super  hoc  ullam  injuriam  vel  contumeliam  faciat. 
Teste,  Ricardo  de  Humet,  Constabulario,  et  Jocelino  de  Baillolio, 
apud  Wintoniam.'  This  was  confirmed  by  a  charter  of  i  Edward  A.D.  1327. 
Ill,  and  by  other  Kings. — (Madox,  Firma  Burgi,  27  ;  Petyt  MS., 
i.  140;  Davies,  Southamp.,  152.) 

The  following  gildsman's  oath  and  'points,'  or  ordinances  of 

1  Pages  132-151  of  Davies*  Hist,  of  Southampton  are  devoted  to  the  history 
of  this  Gild. 


SOUTHAMPTON,  the  Gild  Merchant  of  Southampton  are  transcribed  from  a  manu- 
script in  the  possession  of  the  corporation  of  that  town * : — 

'  Ceo  oyez  uous  Meyre 2,  Baillif  et  bones  gentz  que  uous  H. 
serretz  foial  et  loial  a  nostre  seignour  le  Roy  et  a  ses  heres,  la 
ffraunchise  de  la  ville,  les  poinctz  de  la  Gilde  meyntendrez, 
le  counseille  celerez,  a  les  courtz  et  a  les  assemblez  par  renable 
somounse  vendrez,  nule  estraunge  parcener  ne  serrez  par  qei  la 
custume  de  la  dite  vile  ne  soit  amenuse,  nules  couiengnes  ne 
assemblez  hors  de  comune  assent  de  la  dite  ville  ferrez  ne  soeffrez 
estre  fait,  par  qei  nule  homme  de  la  ville  ne  soit  endamage  ne 
deffait.  Et  si  nulles  itieles  confederacies  ou  malueis  alliaunces 
porretz  sauoir,  par  uostre  serment  freez  garnyr  le  Mayre  et  les 
bones  gentz  pour  tieles  iniquites  destourber ;  ouesque  uostre  seen 
od  vostre  corps  od  biens  et  chateux  les  poyntz  surditz  meynten- 
drez. Si  dieu  uous  eide  et  les  seyntz. 

(i.)  Content  le  Alderman,  Seneschal,  Chappellayn,  eskeuyns, 
vsser,  serrount  esluys  en  Gilde. — En  primes  chief  que  de  la  Gilde 
marchaundz  soient  eslus  et  establiz  vn  Alderman,  vn  Seneschal, 
vn  Chapelayn  et  iiii.  eskeuyns  et  vn  vsser.  Et  est  asauoyr  que 
celuy  que  serra  Alderman  deit  auoyr  de  chescun  entraunt  en  la 
Gilde  iiii.d?.,  le  Seneschal  \\.d.,  le  Chapeleyn  \\.d.  et  le  vsser  \.d. 
Et  doit  la  Gilde  feer  deuz  foyz  en  le  an,  Cestz  asauoir,  le  dymaynge 
prochayn  apres  la  seintz  Johan  le  Baptistez  et  le  dymaynge  pro- 
schayn  apres  la  seintz  Hyllery. 

1  A  small  quarto  on  vellum,  bound  in  oak  covers.     The  oath  is  on  fol.  9  and 
the  ordinances  on  ff.  10-20.     The  handwriting  of  these  pages  seems  to  belong 
to  the  fourteenth  century.    For  a  full  table  of  contents  of  this  volume,  see  Rep. 
Record  Com.  1837,  PP-  488-489,  where  the  Anglo-Norman  rubrics  of  the  ordin- 
ances are  also  given.     Sir  Edward  Smirke  published  the  text  in  extenso  in  the 
Archaeol.  Journal,  vol.  xvi,  1859,  pp.  283-296  (see  also  pp.  351-352) ;  a  trans- 
lation of  the  same  is  to  be  found  in  Davies'  Southamp.,  139-151.     By  carefully 
collating   Smirke's  transcript  with  the  original  I  am  able  to  present  a  more 
accurate  copy  of  the  ordinances.     The  punctuation  is  mine,  that  of  the  MS. 
being  very  capricious. 

2  The  following  remarkable  royal  patent  was  granted  to  the  burgesses,  A.  r>. 
1249: — 'Rex  omnibus,   etc.   salutem.       Sciatis  quod   concessimus   Burgensi- 
bus  nostris  de  Suhampton  quod  ipsi  et  eorum  heredes  aliquo   tempore  non 
habeant  majorem  in  predicta   villa   nostra   de   Suhampton.      In    cujus,   etc.' 
— (Davies,  163.) 


proofs  anti  3[lto0tratton&  2 1 5 

(2.)  Quant  la  Glide  terra,  nul  entre  eux  ne  vendre,  si  ne  sett par  SOUTHAMPTON. 
le  Alderman. — Et  quant  la  Gilde  serra,  nul  de  la  Gilde  ne  doit 
mener  nul  estraunge,  si  il  ne  soit  requis  par  le  Alderman  ou  le 
Seneschal.  Et  le  Alderman  doitz  auoir  vn  Sergaunt  a  seruyer 
deuaunt  ly,  le  Seneschal  vn  autre  Sergauntz,  et  les  deuz  eskeuyns 
vn  Sergauntz,  Et  les  autres  deus  eskeuyns  vn  Sergaunt,  et  le 
Chapeleyn  auera  seon  Clerk. 

(3.)  De  ceo  que  le  Alderman  auera  chescun  nuzt  [i.e.  nuitz\  taunt 
cum  la  Gilde  y  serra. — Et  quant  la  Gilde  serra,  le  Alderman  doit 
auoyr  chescun  nuiytz,  tauntz  come  la  Gilde  sietz,  ii.  galouns  de 
vin  et  deus  chaundeles,  et  le  Seneschal  autresy,  et  les  iiii.  eskeuyns 
et  le  Chapelayn  chescun  de  eus  vn  galoun  de  vyn  et  vne  chaundele, 
et  le  vsser  vn  galoun  de  vyn. 

(4.)  Que  les  meseaus  auerount  de  la  Gilde ;  tan  cum  y  serra. — Et 
quant  la  Gilde  serra,  les  meseaus  de  la  Maudeleyne  auerount  del 
aumune  de  Gildeyns  ii.  cestres  de  la  ceruoyse.  Et  les  malades  de 
la  maysun  deu  et  de  seintz  Julian  auerount  deuz  cestyers  de 
ceruose.  Et  les  freres  menors  auerount  ii.  cestres  de  ceruoyse  et 
vn  cestre  de  vyn.  Et  iiii.  cestres  de  ceruoyse  serrount  donetz  a 
poueres,  la  ou  la  Gilde  serra. 

(5.)  Nul  de  la  Gildeyn  [i.e.  Gilde~\  ne  isse  hors  de  la  vile,  tan  cum 
la  Gilde  sett  en  la  vile. — Et  quant  la  Gilde  seetz,  nul  que  seit  de  la 
Gilde  ne  deit  issir  hors  de  la  vile  pour  besoigne,  saunz  le  conge 
del  Seneschal.  Et  si  nul  fetz,  le  soit  en  la  merci  de  Us.  et  les 
paie. 

(6.)  Coment  ii.  Gild*  visiterent  le  malades  de  la  Gildeyne,  et  que 
chescun  prodeshome  auera1. — Et  quant  la  Gilde  serra  et  ascun 
Gildeyn  seit  hors  de  la  vile  issi  que  il  ne  sache  quant  la  deuera,  il 
auera  un  galoun  de  vyn,  si  les  seruauns  le  vynent  quere.  Et  si 
Gildeyn  est  malades  et  seit  en  la  vile,  vyn  luy  doit  enueer,  ii. 
payns  et  vn  galoun  de  vin  et  un  mes  de  la  cusyne ;  et  deuz 
proddeshomes  de  la  Gilde  le  deyvent  aler  visiter  et  regarder  seon 
estatz. 

(7.)  Quant  Gildein  moert,  ceux  que  sount  de  la  Gilde  facent  issy, 

1  It  probably  should  read  '  Coment  ii.  prodeshomes  visiteront  les  malades 
de  la  Gilde,  et  que  chescun  Gildeyne  auera.' 


216  €&e  (Site  sgjerclmnt, 

SOUTHAMPTON,  toutz  ceux  que  sount  en  la  Glide  et  sunt  en  la  vile  serrount  a  la 
seruise  le  mort. — Et  quant  Gildeyn  muert,  toutz  ceutz  que  sount 
de  la  Glide  e  sount  en  la  vile  deuent  estre  a  la  seruyse  del  mort, 
et  Gildeyn  deuent  le  corps  porter  et  cundure  le  corps  a  sepulture. 
E  quy  ceo  ne  fra,  il  paiera  par  seon  serment  ii.  d.  a  doner  as  pouers. 
Et  chescun  de  la  garde  ou  le  mort  serra,  doit  trouer  vn  homme 
a  veiller  al  corps  celuy  nuzt  que  le  mort  girra  en  sa  mey- 
soun.  Et  taunt  com  le  seruise  del  mort  durra,  cestz  a  sauoir, 
la  vigille  et  la  messe,  deyuent  arder  iiii.  Cyrges  de  la  Gilde, 
chescun  Cirge  de  ii.  //.  ou  de  plus,  deske  le  corps  soit  entere.  Et 
ces  iiii.  Cirges  deyuent  demorer  en  la  garde  le  Seneschal  de  Gilde. 

(8.)  Le  Seneschal  doit  garder  les  Roules  et  le  tresour  de  la  Gilde 
desuz  seel. — Et  le  Seneschal  doit  garder  les  Roules  et  le  tresor  de 
la  Gilde  de  souz  le  seel  le  Alderman  de  la  Gilde. 

(9.)  Content  le  prochayn  heir  de  Gildein  mort  auera  le  siege  seon 
pere. — Et  quant  Gildeynt  muert,  seon  fitz  einz  nei  ou  soun  pro- 
chayn heyr  doit  auoyr  le  siege  seon  Pere  ou  de  vncle,  sy  Pere 
neist  Gildeyn,  et  de  nul  autre,  et  riens  ne  dorra  por  son  siege. 
Ne  nul  Baron  par  encheson  de  sa  femme  ne  putz  siege  de  la 
Gilde  auer  ne  sige  demander  par  nul  dreit  des  auncestres  de  sa 
femme. 

(10.)  Nul  ne  deit  ne  ne  puyzt  doner  seon  siege  de  la  Gilde. — Et 
nul  ne  doit  ne  ne  putz  par  dreitz  seon  siege  de  la  Gilde  a  noul 
homme  vendre  ne  doner.  Et  fitz  de  Gildein  autre  que  seon  fitz 
eine  deit  entrer  en  Gilde  donaunt  x..f.,  e  deit  fermer  la  Gilde. 

(ii.)  Si  Gildein  seit  en  prisone  en  leu  qe  seit  en  Engletere. — Et 
si  nul  Gildein  soit  emprisonne  en  Engletere  en  tens  de  pees,  le 
Alderman  ouesque  le  seneschal  ouesque  vn  des  eskyuyns  deuent 
aler  sur  coustz  de  la  Gilde  a  porchacer  la  delyueraunce  celuy  que 
serra  en  prison. 

(12.)  Si  nul  fieri  a  autre  del  poin  et  seit  de  ceo  ateint,  yl 
doit perdre  la  Gilde  desqe. — Et  si  nul  Gildein  fiert  a  autre  del  poin 
et  soit  de  ceo  ateint,  il  doit  perdre  la  Gilde  deske  a  taunt 
que  il  auoyt  rechate  de  x.j.,  e  doit  fermer  la  Gilde  autresy 
come  nouel  entraunt.  E  si  Gildein  fiert  a  autre  de  Bastoun  ou 
de  Cotel  ou  dautre  arme,  quele  qu  ele  soit,  il  doit  perdre  la 


anD  3[ilustratton&  217 

Glide  et  la  ffraunchise   e    serra   tenu    estraunge,  deskes  ataunt  SOUTHAMPTON. 
que  il  seit  reconsille  a  la  bone  gentz  de  la  Glide  et  eit  fetz  gre 
a  celuy  que  il  auera  trespase,  e  soit  en  la  merci  de  la  Gilde  de 
xx.  s.,  e  ne  soient  pas  pardonetz. 

(13.)  Si  ascun  estraunge  fieri  Gildein  et  seit  de  la  ffraunchise  ou 
trespase. — Et  si  ascun  trespase  que  ne  soit  de  la  Gilde  e  seit  de 
la  ffraunchise,  [ou]  fieri  Gildein,  e  seit  ateint  resonablement,  perde 
la  ffraunchise  e  voit  a  la  prison  vn  jour  et  un  nuytz. 

(14.)  Si  ascun  fiert  Gildein  que  ne  seit  de  la  Gilde  ni  du  -ffraun- 
chise.— Et  si  estraunge  ou  ascun  autre  que  ne  seit  de  la  Gilde 
ne  de  la  ffraunchise  fiert  Gildein  e  seit  de  ceo  ateint  resonable- 
ment, seit  en  la  prisone  ii.  jours  et  ii.  nuytz,  si  le  trespas  [n]est 
tiel  que  il  pende  plus  graunt  punysement. 

(15.)  Si  Gildein  mesdie  ou  despersone  a  autre  Gildein  de  quei 
pleinte  viegne. — Et  si  Gildein  mesdie  ou  despersone  autre  Gildein, 
de  qei  pleinte  viegne  al  Alderman,  e  de  ceo  seit  ateint  resonable- 
ment, il  deit  paier  ii..f.  de  mercy  a  la  Gilde;  et  si  iles  ne  paier 
putz,  perde  la  Gilde. 

(16.)  Que  nul  de  la  ffraunchise  ne  autre  viene  a  maudir  ne  a 
maufere  a  Gildein^  et  si  le  fetz  et  seit  ateint. — Et  si  ascun  que 
soit  de  la  ffraunchise  mesdie  a  Gildein  e  de  ceo  seit  ateint 
deuaunt  le  Alderman,  il  deit  doner  v.s.  de  la  merci,  ou  perdre 
la  ffraunchise. 

.)  Et  nul  ne  vendra  al  conseil  de  Gildein^ .  si  yl  ne  seit 
Gildein. — Et  nul  ne  deit  venir  al  counseil  de  la  Gilde,  si  yl 
ne  seit  Gildein. 

(18.)  Si  nul  de  la  Gilde  forface  la  Gilde  per  ascun  feitz  ou 
trespas  et  forjuge  seit. — Et  sy  nul  de  la  Gilde  forface  la  Gilde 
per  ascun  fet  ou  per  trespas  e  seit  forjuge  per  le  Alderman  et 
le  Seneschal  et  les  eskeuyns  et  les  duzze  jureis  de  la  vile,  e 
uoille  reauer  la  Gilde,  il  deit  fere  tutz  de  nouel  auxi  com  celi 
que  unkes  ne  fu  de  Gilde,  et  amender  soun  trespas  per  esgard 
del  Alderman  et  des  auauntdiz  proddeshommes.  Et  si  nul  de 
la  Gilde  ou  de  la  ffraunchise  emplede  autre  hors  de  la  vile  per 
bref  ou  saunz  bref,  perde  la  Gilde  et  la  ffraunchise,  si  yl  de 
ceo  est  ateint. 


218  C6e  (Silo  sgjerdwnt* 

SOUTHAMPTON.  (19.)  Nul  ne  deit  rien  acheter  a  reuendre  en  la  vile  meyme,  fors 
yser  \i.  e.  yl  serrd\  Gildeyn. — Et  nul  ne  deit  en  la  vile  de  Sutham- 
tone  rien  acheter  a  reuendre  en  meyme  la  vile,  si  il  ne  seit  de 
la  Gilde  maarchaunde  ou  de  la  ffraunchise.  Et  si  nul  le  fetz 
e  seit  ateint,  toutz  quanke  il  auera  achate  en  tiel  manere  soit 
encoru  al  Roy.  Et  nul  ne  soit  quite  de  coustume,  si  il  neit  feit 
purquei  il  seit  en  Gilde  ou  en  ffraunchise,  et  ceo  de  An  en  An. 

(20.)  Nul  deit  acheter  miel,  set'm,  sel  de  Arang,  ne  Oile,  ne 
modes,  quirs,  fors  Gildein^  saunz  jour  de  marche  ou  fere. — Et  nul 
ne  doit  acheter  miel,  ne  seym,  ne  Seil  de  Araunk,  ne  nule  manere 
de  Oyle,  ne  Moeles,  ne  quirs  fres,  ne  nule  manere  de  peaus 
fresches,  for  le  Gildein,  Ne  tauerne  tenir  de  vin,  ne  vendre 
dras  a  detail,  for  au  jour  de  marchee  ou  de  feire,  Ne  tenir 
ble  en  gerner  vtre  v.  quarteres  a  uendre  de  tail,  si  yl  ne  seit 
Gildein ;  et  quy  le  fra  e  seit  ateint,  seit  toutz  encoru  al  Roy. 

(21.)  De  partie  maunder  en  marchaundise  entre  Gildein  et 
Gildein  auaunt. — Nul  de  la  Gilde  ne  deit  partenir  estre  ne 
comunier  en  nul  manere  de  marchaundises  auaunt  dites  a  nul 
que  seit  de  la  Gilde  par  nule  manere  de  couerture,  ne  de  art, 
ne  de  engin,  ne  de  collusion,  ne  de  nul  autre  manere.  Et 
quy  le  fra  e  seit  ateint,  le  auoyr  qu  serra  en  tiel  manere  achate 
seit  encoru  al  Roy,  e  le  Gildein  perde  la  Gilde. 

(22.)  Si  nul  chiete  en  pouertez  et  ne  eitz  de  quei  viuere.—Et 
si  nul  Gildein  chiete  en  pouerte  et  neit  de  qei  viuere,  ne  ne 
puyse  trauailler  oui  ly  puruoiera,  yl  auera  vn  mark  de  la  Gilde 
a  releuer  seon  estatz,  quant  la  Gilde  serra.  Nul  de  la  Gilde 
ne  de  la  ffraunchise  ne  auowe  autre  chose  pour  le  seon  par 
quei  la  coustume  de  la  vile  seit  besilliez.  Et  si  nul  le  feit  et 
seit  ateint,  perdre  la  Gilde  et  la  ffraunchise,  et  la  marchaundise 
issi  auowez  seit  encoru  al  Roy. 

(23.)  Et  nul  prive  ne  estraunge  ne  uende  marchaundise  ne 
achate  auaunt  Burgeis. — Et  nul  prive  ne  estraunge  ne  deit  nule 
manere  de  marchaundise  venaunt  en  la  vile  deuaunt  Burgeis  de 
la  Gilde  marchaunde  bargaigner  ne  achater,  taunt  come  ly  Gildein 
est  present  et  celle  marchaundise  voille  bargaigner  et  achater ;  et 
si  nul  le  feit  et  soit  ateint,  ceo  que  yl  achate  soit  encoru  al  Roy. 


proofs  ano  3illustration&          219 

(24.)  Content  Gildein  departira  des  marchaundises  que  autre  SOUTHAMPTON. 
Gildein  achate. — Et  cell  que  est  de  Gilde  marchaundez  deit 
partir  en  toutes  marchaundises  que  autre  Gildein  achaterra  ou 
autre  kyque  il  soit,  si  yl  veut  et  demaunde  partie  e  seit  la  ou 
la  marchaundise  seit  achate,  issi  que  yl  face  grey  al  vendour 
et  quy  il  soit  en  seur  del  seon.  Mes  nul  qe  Gildein  ne  seit 
ne  putz  ne  ne  deit  a  Gildein  partir,  saunz  la  volunte  del  Gildein. 

(25.)  La  coustume  et  toutes  autres  choses  seient  paiez  saunz 
delay. — Et  si  nul  Gildein  ou  autre  de  la  vile  deneie  partie  al 
Gildein  en  la  manere  auaunt  dite,  yl  ne  deit  acheter  ne  vendre 
en  eel  an  en  la  vile  fors  que  sa  vitayle. 

(26.)  Si  marchaund  de  la  vile  achate  vins  ou  ble  et  ne  coustume 
mye. — Et  si  nul  marchaund  de  la  vile  achate  vins  ou  ble  issi 
que  toutes  auentures  soient  sur  lachateour,  ne  paie  nule  cous- 
tume de  cele  marchaundise.  Et  si  ascun  aventure  est  sur  le 
vendur,  seit. 

(27.)  [No  rubrtcJ} — Poruou  est  que  le  chief  Alderman  de  la 
vile  ou  les  Baillifs  et  les  douze  jurez  soient  entendauntz  as  mar- 
chaunz  auxi  bien  estraunges  come  as  priuetz,  auxi  souent  come 
il  serroit  requis,  a  ueer  que  il  eient  suffisaunt  a  seurte  de  lour 
dettes  et  de  la  reconisaunce  de  lour  dettours ;  et  le  jour  de  ceo 
soient  enroule  deuaunt  eus,  issi  que  [si]  cele  jour  ne  soit  tenuz 
a  la  demonstraunce  le  Creauncer,  seit  le  dettour  meintenaunt  de- 
streynt  solom  la  reconisaunce  que  [il]  auera  fete  par  terres  et  par 
chatels  a  fere  gre  solom  le  vsage  de  la  vile,  saunz  nule  manere 
de  play,  si  que  les  gens  de  la  vile  ne  eient  damage  par  dufaute 
de  le  paie  de  les  dettours  auaunt  dites. 

(28.)  Et  si  Gildein  ne  veut  soffrer  que  yl  soit  destreint  pur 
dette  ou  de  brese  le  lok  le  Roy  et  soit  ateint. — Et  si  nul  Gildein 
pour  ascun  dette  que  il  deuera  deyue  estre  destreint  ou  name, 
et  ne  suffra  mie  que  il  seit  destreint;  et  si  yl  est  destreint  et 
depiece  ou  fet  ouster  ou  depecier  le  lok  le  Roy,  et  de  ceo 
soit  ateint  resonablement,  perde  la  Gilde  deskes  ataunt  que  yl 
la  eit  rechate  de  xx.s.y  et  ceo  est  chescune  fiez  que  il  trespase 
en  tiel  manere.  Et  ja  le  meynz  ne  seit  destreint  desque  ataunt 
que  yl  est  fet  gre  de  la  dette  que  il  auera ;  e  si  yl  ne  se  suffre 


220  C&e  <$ilu  sgjercfmnt 

SOUTHAMPTON,  justiceer  en  la  manere  auaunt  dite  et  de  ceo  seit  ateynt,  seit 
enprisoneez  vn  jour  et  vn  nuyzt,  come  celuy  que  est  centre  la 
pes ;  et  si  yl  ne  se  sueffre  justicer,  soit  monstre  al  Roy  et  seon 
conseil  en  la  manere  auauntdite. 

(29.)  Pur  lasise  de  payn  et  de  la  seruoyse  seit  tenu  driturele- 
ment  en  touz  poinz. — Et  le  chief  Alderman  et  les  xii.  jurez  ou 
les  Baillifs  chescun  meis  ou  al  meyns  iiii.  fez  en  le  An  [gardent] 
qe  assyse  de  Pein  et  de  ceruoyse  seit  bien  tenue  en  toutz  pointz 
solom  la  vente  de  ble. 

(30.)  Que  nul  de  la  vile  vende  marchandise  de  marchaunt  achate 
par  colour. — Nul  de  la  vile  par  colour  de  achat,  ne  par  autre 
manere  de  colour,  ne  doit  vendre  autri  marchaundise  de  mar- 
chaunt estraunge,  par  quei  la  marchaundise  seit  plus  vendue  qe 
le  marchaund  la  peutz  vendre  par  sa  meyn,  par  quei  le  genz 
de  la  vile  perdent  lour  gayn ;  mes  les  marchaunz  que  lour  auoyr 
meynent  a  uendre,  le  vendent  par  lour  meyn.  E  qi  le  fra  et  de 
ceo  est  ateint  perde  la  Gilde,  si  yl  est  Gildein,  et  si  il  seit  de 
la  ffraunchise,  perde  la  ffraunchise,  desqe  ataunt  qe  il  est  amende 
le  trespas  a  la  vile. 

(31.)  Qe  marche  de  peisson  et  de  bocherie  et  de  la  peletrine  soient 
tenu  en  touz  poinz. — Et  chescun  An  lendemayn  de  la  seintz 
Michel  serroune  elues  ii.  proddeshommes  et  jurez  a  garder  que 
les  estatutz  feez  sus  le  marche  de  peisson  soient  tenuz  en  toutz 
pointz,  et  averount  lour  pointz  en  escriptz.  En  meyme  la  manere 
seent  ii.  proddeshommes  eluz  et  j.urez  a  garder  que  les  estatutz 
feez  de  la  Bocherie  et  de  la  Peletrie  soient  tenuz  en  toutz  pointz ; 
et  ces  iiii.  jurez  prendrount  garde  de  que  le  statutz  del  pain 
qu  veent  a  vendre  hors  de  la  vile  soit  bien  tenuz;  et  si  nul 
face  encountre,  le  facent  a  sauoir  al  chief  Alderman  et  a  Baillifs. 

(32.)  Content  xii.  proddeshommes  serount  esleus  de  meintenyr  la  pes 
le.  Roy^  et  content  Baillifs^  Serjaunz,  etc. — Chescun  an  lendemayn 
de  la  seintz  Michel  serrount  eslus  par  toute  la  commune  de  la 
vile,  asemble  en  luy  porueu  a  veer  lour  estat  et  a  treyter  de 
communes  bosoignes  de  la  vile,  et  dounk  serrount  esleus  par 
toute  la  commune  xii.  proddeshommes  a  fornier  les  comande 
mentz  le  Roy  ensemblementz  ou  les  Baillifs,  et  a  meintenyr  la 


ann  3|lliistration&  221 

pes,  et  a  garder  la  ffraunchise,  et  dreitrure  fere  et  tenir  a  toute  SOUTHAMPTON. 

genz  auxi  bien  as   poueres   com  a  riches  et  a  priues  et  a  es- 

traunges  toutz  celuy  An ;  et  a  ceo  fere  seient  jurez  en  la  forme 

que  est  purueue.     Et  ces  xii.  proddeshommes  eslinmt   meyme 

le  jur  ii.  proddeshommes  de  eus  et  de  autres  profitables  et  sa- 

chaunz  a  estre  Baillifs  Ian   suaunt,  des  queus  la  commune  se 

tienge  bien  paiee,  et  deyvent  receyure  la  Baillie  lendemein  de    „ 

la  seintz  Michel,  si  com  yl  este  vse ;   e  issi  seit  feit  de  An  en 

An,   issi  que  les  Baillifs  soient  chescun  An  remuez  e   les  xii. 

auaunt   dites,   si   mester   est.     En   meymes   la  manere  seit  feit 

del  Clerk  et  des  Serjaunz  de  la  vile  a  feyre  et  a  remuer. 

(33.)  Que  nul  Baillif  ne  doyne  respytz  ne  prenge  gage  pour  la 
coustume  ne  ne  preste  la  coustume. — Nul  Baillif  de  la  vile  ne 
doyne  respitz  ne  prenge  gage  por  la  coustume  ne  ne  preste  la 
coustume  dewe  de  chose  que  eny  deuie  mener  hors  de  la  vile ; 
e  si  yl  le  feit  et  de  ceo  seit  ateint,  le  Baillif  paie  al  double  de 
ceo  qil  auera  yssi  prestz ;  e  le  Baillif  seit  a  seur  de  toutes  choses 
que  Coustume  deyuent  de  entree,  si  qe  la  vile  ne  soit  perdauntz 
par  sa  defaute,  si  com  yl  ne  voedra  respon  del  doublee. 

(34.)  Chescun  entre  de  Nef  et  de  chose  que  coustume  donne  par 
mer  soit  en  Roule. — Et  chescun  entree  de  Nef  et  chose  que 
coustume  deyue  et  chescune  issue  de  la  vile  ou  de  chose  que 
coustume  deyue  de  issue  par  mer  soit  en  Roule,  Issy  qe  homme 
peustz  a  chief  de  la  seymeine  sauer  le  issue  de  la  vile ;  et  quy 
la  Boiste  de  la  coustume  ne  seit  ouerte  saunz  la  vewe  del 
chief  Alderman  et  des  xii.  jourez  ou  de  vi.  al  meynz ;  et  dount 
seit  celuy  issue  en  Roulee  en  double  Roulee,  que  chief  Alder- 
man eitz  vn  Roulee  et  les  Baillifs  vn  autre;  et  celi  issue  seit 
mys  al  comon  Coffre,  issy  que  rien  ne  seit  remuez  ne  despenduz 
saunz  la  vewe  des  auaunt  ditz  Alderman  et  les  jourez. 

(35-)  Que  Za  comon  coffre  soit  en  la  meson  del  Alderman  ou 
del  Seneschal. — Et  le  comon  Coffre  deit  estre  ela1  meson  del 
chief  Alderman  ou  del  Seneschal,  et  les  iii.  Clefs  del  Coffre 
serrount  baillez  a  iii.  proddeshommes  des  auaunt  ditz  xii.  jourez 
ou  a  iii.  des  eskeuyns,  que  leaument  garderount  le  Comon  sel 

1  I.e.  'en  la.' 


222  Cbe  (Silo 

SOUTHAMPTON,  et  les  chartes  et  le  tresor  de  la  vile  et  les  estaundars  et  les 
autres  munymenz  de  la  vile ;  et  qe  nule  lettre  ne  seit  enselee  du 
comun  seel  ne  nule  chartre  bailie  hors  de  Coffre  saunz  la  vewe 
de  vi.  jourez  des  xii.  jourez  et  del  Alderman  et  del  Seneschal. 
E  que  mil  ne  vende  par  nule  manere  de  mesure  ne  de  peis,  si 
ele  ne  seit  enselee,  sur  forfeture  de  ii..r. 

(36.)  Cest  que  rien  ne  auerount  les  Baillifs  de  chose  que  apend 
a  la  coustume  come  de  forfeture. — Et  ceutz  que  serrount  Baillifs 
rien  ne  auerount  de  chose  que  apende  a  la  coustume  come  de 
forfeture  et  de  entree  de  ble  et  de  auoyr  de  peys,  ne  rien  naue- 
runt,  for  que  les  amercyamenz  et  les  presens  e  la  busche,  cest 
a  sauoir,  i.  charette  de  Busche  de  chescun  charetter  que  meyne 
buche  a  vendre  en  la  vile,  dount  et  avera  le  charretter  i.  d.  pour 
sa  busche. 

(37.)  Ceux  que  al  Alderman  ount  feit  trespas  serrount  amercie 
par  egard  des  prodeshommes. — Et  celuy  que  est  de  la  vile  et  deyue 
estre  amercie  pour  nul  trespas,  seit  sa  merci  taxee  soloum  le 
trespas  et  par  esgard  des  Aldermans  de  la  garde  dount  yl  est. 

(38.)  Ceux  que  sount  somonz  a  la  curt  le  Roy  ou  a  la  semble 
et  ne  voillent  venyr. — Et  ceux  que  serrount  somons  de  venyr 
a  Court  ou  asemble  por  le  comandement  le  Roy  oyer  et  fornier 
ou  pour  lo  comon  bosoigne  de  la  commune  de  la  vile,  et  ne 
viengent  a  la  somonce,  et  la  somonce  soit  tesmoignee  par  serjaunt 
jurez,  soient  amercies  auxi  souent  com  yl  trespasserunt  en  cele 
manere,  kyqil  seient  pouere  ou  riche,  par  le  esgard  des  Aldermans 
de  lour  garde,  et  la  merci  meyntenaunt  leuee  de  la  vile. 

(39.)  Que  nul  ne  herberge  ffein,  Aueyne,  ne  autre  bleez  apres 
ceo  que  la  choses  sount portez  a  vendre.— Et  nul  ne  deit  herbage[r] 
ffeyne,  Aueyne,  ne  nule  manere  de  Blee  herbergier,  apres  ceo  que 
la  chose  soit  porte  ou  menee  al  marche  a  vendre ;  et  si  nul  fetz  et 
de  ceo  seit  ateint,  il  perdra  toutz  ceo  qe  il  auera  issi  herbergie. 

(40.)  Que  nul  alowe  meson  que  marchaunt  estrange  ad  lowe,  ne 
herberge  autrieus. — Nul  de  la  marchaunz  estraunge  que  auera 
alowe  mesoun  ou  celer  en  la  vile,  ne  deit  ne  ne  puytz  autri 
marchaundise  herberger  en  cele  meson,  ne  en  cele  celer  pour 
nule  manere  de  colour,  for  qe  la  seone  propre,  a  toler  le  lowage 


Proofs  ami  3lllustrations*          223 

des  mesons  as  Borgeys  de  la  vile;  et  quy  le  fra  et  seit  ateint  sou THAM PTON. 
resonablement,  yl  serra  greuousement  amercie  par  esgard  de  la 
vile  et  solom  le  trespas. 

(41.)  Que  Bocher  ne  nul  queu  ne  vende  viande  autre  que  aue- 
naunte  et  nette  sur  peine. — Nul  Bochier  ne  queu  rien  ne  vende  a 
nul  homme  que  seine  et  nette  chose  et  bien  quizte.  E  si  nul 
le  faceo  et  de  ceo  seit  ateint,  seit  mys  a  Prison  vn  hour  del  jour 
ou  doigne  ii.  s.  a  la  vile  por  le  trespas. 

(42.)  Que  nul  Bocher  ne  queu  nule  ordure  ne  autre  chose  ne  jette 
en  la  rue  sur  peine. — Et  que  nul  bocher  ne  queu  nule  ordure 
ne  autre  chose  ne  jette  en  la  Rue,  par  quei  la  vile  ou  la  Rue 
seit  plus  soille  ou  plus  orde  ou  plus  corumpue;  e  si  nul  feit 
le  et  seit  ateint,  il  paiera  xii.^/.  de  mercy,  auxi  souent  come  yl 
trespasera  en  la  manere  auaunt  ditz. 

(43.)  Que  nul  eit  deuaunt  seon  meson  femer  ne  fienz  ne  pork 
alaunz. — Nul  homme  neitz  pork  alaunt  en  la  Rue,  ne  nul  homme 
neit  deuaunt  seon  eus  ne  en  rue  fumer  ne  fienz  outre  dous  nutz ; 
et  si  nul  eitz,  qike  voudra  lenporte ;  et  celi  qi  auera  feitz  centre 
cestz  estatutz,  seitz  amercie  greuousement. 

(44.)  Coment  les  xii.  jurez  serrount  entendanz  en  touz  poinz  as 
Baillifs  de  vile. — Les  xii.  proddeshommes  jurez  deyvent  jurer  que 
ils  serrount  eidaunt  et  consaillaunt  as  Baillifs  de  la  vile  en  toutz 
pointz  a  fornyr  le  commandemenz  le  Roy,  et  a  feire  dreitz  com- 
munaument  auxi  bien  as  poueres  com  a  riches,  et  a  meynteyner 
les  Baillis  en  toutz  leus  a  dreit  et  la  ffraunchise  et  les  vsages  de  la 
vile ;  E  seirount  a  chescune  court,  et  vendrount  a  la  somonse  des 
Baillis,  auxi  souent  come  il  serrount  somones,  por  oyer  le  com- 
mandement  le  Roy  ou  pour  jugement  rendre  en  Court;  E  le 
conseil  de  la  vile  celerount,  et  tendrount  et  frunt  tenyr  les  estatutz 
de  Gilde  et  de  la  vile  ensemblement  oue  le  chief  Alderman  oue 
le  Seneschal  et  oue  les  eskeuyns. 

(45.)  De  ceo  que  les  Alder  mans  et  gardayns  des  Rues  de  la  vile  de 
Suthamtone^  etc. — Les  Aldermans  gardeins  des  Rues  de  la  vile 
deyuent  jourer  qe  ils  leaument  frount  la  pes  le  Roy,  et  qe  yls 
frount  enrouler  les  nouns  de  toutz  ceuz  que  sount  en  leur  garde, 
et  frount  en  tour  chescun  meis  almeyns  a  veer  que  bien  soient 


224  Cije  ©ilD  egjerclmnk 

SOUTHAMPTON,  tenuz  les  pointz  et  les  establicemenz  feitz  de  lour  garde.  Et 
si  yl  trouent  rien  que  seit  encontre  les  establissemenz  de  la  Glide 
et  de  la  vile  en  lour  garde,  il  le  frount  a  sauoyr  al  chief  Alderman 
et  as  Baillifs  de  la  vile,  et  ceo  ne  lerrount  en  nule  manere,  sy 
com  il  voillent  joier  de  la  ffraunchise  de  la  vile. 

(46.)  De  deus  Aldermans  que  tendrount  la  pes  dedens  les 
Boundes. — Porvou  est  par  comon  conseil  de  la  vile  que  de  la 
porte  de  North  deskes  al  a  porte  de  Estz  et  deskes  a  la  cornere 
que  fu  Richard  de  la  Prise  e  le  chief  mys  que  fu  Johan  de  la 
Bolehusse  de  une  part  e  dautre  de  la  Rue  oue  toute  la  paroche 
nostre  dame  en  Estret,  seient  ii.  Aldermans  esleus  gardeyns  a 
prendre  garde  que  la  pes  seit  bien  garde  dedenz  les  boundes 
avaunt  ditz ;  et  ceus  frount  mettre  en  Roule  les  nouns  de  toutz 
ceux  que  sount  demoraunt  en  lour  garde,  et  serrount  pleuis  par 
bone  pleuyne  que  ils  serrount  a  la  pees  le  Roy  et  lour  plegges 
en  Roules ;  et  prendrount  garde  que  nul  demoerge  en  lour  garde 
outre  vn  nutz,  si  il  ne  trouisse  plegges,  auxi  com  avaunt  est  ditz,  si 
yl  veutz  demorer  en  la  vila,  que  mal  ne  damage  ne  auyegne 
par  luy  a  la  vile.  E  les  dous  Aldermans  facent  chescun  viii. 
jours  ou  xv.  jours  al  meyns  en  tour  parmy  lour  garde  a  sourueer 
que  nul  ne  seit  en  contre  la  manere  auaunt  dite  dedenz  lour 
garde.  E  si  yl  y  seit  nul  en  la  garde  auauntdite  que  trespasse 
et  ne  se  seuffre  de  atacher,  le  serjaunt  jurez  de  la  vile  et  les 
Aldermans  ou  toute  lour  garde  voysent  oue  toute  lour  poer  et 
seiwent  le  mesfesaunt  desques  a  taunt  qe  yl  seit  pris ;  et  si  les 
Aldermans  ne  le  facent,  la  vile  se  prendra  a  eus. 

(47.)  De  les  veilles  de  la  vile  soient  sagement  fetes  et  agardez 
en  touz  poinz  en  lour. — Et  les  Aldermans  prendrount  garde  que 
les  veiles  de  la  vile  seent  bien  gardetz  et  sagement  fetez  en  lour 
garde. 

(48.)  De  la  cornere  qefu  Richard  de  la  Prise  deskes  a  Niewetone 
ii.  Aldermans  en  tout. — De  la  cornere  que  fu  Richard  de  la  Prise 
et  le  chief  mys  que  fu  Johan  de  la  Bolehouse  et  desqes  a  la 
mer  ensemblement  oue  la  Rue  de  Niewetone  seient  ii.  Aldermans 
en  la  forme  auauntditz. 

(49.)  De  la  rue  de ffrauncoise deskes  a  la  merit.  Aldermans,  auxi 


Proofs  ana  illustrations,          225 

com  il  est  auauntdite. — De  toute  la  rue  ffraunceyse,  feit  [i.e.  seit]  SOUTHAMPTON. 
asauer,  de  la  cornere  que  fu  Richard  de  la  Prise  et  Henri  Brya 
dautre  part  et  de  vne  part  et  dautre  de  la  rue  desques  a  la  mer 
soient  ii.  Aldermans,  auxi  com  yl  est  auauntditz. 

(50.)  De  la  rue  de  Symenelstrete  deskes  a  la  chastel  serrount 
ii.  Aldermans. — De  la  rue  de  Symeneles  strete  oue  la  marche  de 
peisson  et  toute  la  Bolestrete  oue  toute  Wesheuthe  desqes  al 
Chastel  soyent  iii.  Aldermans,  com  auaunt  est  porueu. 

(51.)  De  hors  la  porte  de  Norhtz  deskes  a  la  Lubriestrete  serrount 
iii.  Aldermans. — De  hors  la  porte  de  Norhtz  de  une  part  et  dautre 
part  de  la  rue  oue  Fuleflode  oue  la  Straunde  et  Lubriestrete  soient 
iii.  Aldermans  en  la  forme  auauntditz. 

(52.)  Que  nul  peissonyr  ne  vende  peisson  que  venu  est  en  Nef  ne 
en  graunt  Batel  del  Aldeman. — Nul  peissoner  desoremes  que 
peisson  meyne  en  Nef  ne  en  graunt  Batel,  ne  deit  le  peisson 
deskarqer  ne  vendre  auauntz  qil  eit  conge  del  Baillif;  et  qy  le 
fra  et  seit  ateint,  seit  greuousement  puny;  et  feit  [i.e.  seit]  entendre 
de  peisson  salee.  Ensement  est  establi  de  toutes  autres  mer- 
chaundise. 

(53-)  Qe  ?e  Alderman  seit  cheueteyn  de  la  vile  et  de  la  Gilde 
en  vile. — Le  Alderman  est  cheuetein  de  la  vile  et  de  la  Gilde 
et  doit  principalment  mettre  peine  et  entente  a  meyntener  la 
ffraunchise  et  les  estatutz  de  la  Gilde  et  de  la  vile,  et  deit  auer 
la  primyere  voyz  en  toutes  eleccions  et  en  toutes  choses  que 
touchent  la  vile  et  la  Gilde. 

(54.)  Et  si  Baillif  ou  autre  de  la  vile  que  soit  en  office  trespasse 
et  ne  face  dreit. — Et  si  Baillif  de  la  vile  ou  autre  que  soit  en  office 
de  la  vile  trespasse,  ou  le  Baillif  de  la  vile  ne  face  dreit  as  privez 
et  as  estraunges  solom  seon  serrement,  par  qei  pleinte  vieigne  ou 
saunz  pleinte  la  chose  est  conue  et  aperte,  le  Alderman  d-ept]  feire 
asembler  le  Seneschal,  les  Eskeuyns  et  les  jurez  de  la  vile,  et  tels 
trespas  fere  amender,  et  dreiture  fere  par  la  defaute  del  Baillif. 

(55.)  Auxi  souent  com  mester  seit,puyzt  home  asembler  la  comune 
pur  bosoigne. — Et  deit,  auxi  sovent  que  mester  est,  fere  asembler 
la  comune  par  le  Seneschal  et  fornir  le  comandemenz  le  Roy  et 
pour  estraunge  cas  et  pour  comune  bosoigne. 

Q 


226  C&e  ®ito  agercfmnt 

SOUTHAMPTON.  (^6.)  Si  cas  auiegne  qy  contek  surde  entre  Borgeis  en  vile. — Et 
deit,  si  cas  auient  que  contek  surde  entre  Borgeis  de  la  vile  en  la 
vile  [et]  un  pleinte  ly  viegne,  mender  ceus  de  quei  le  contek  surde 
et  le  Baret,  et  deuaunt  les  proddeshommes  fra  fere  hastyuement 
les  amendes  celi  qe  auera  trespasse,  issi  que  bone  pes  soit  et 
vnite  entre  les  proddeshommes  de  la  vile.  Et  si  nul  seit  rebel 
qe  ne  puse  estre  justice,  homme  deuera  feire  de  ly  solom  les 
establissementz  de  la  vile. 

(57.)  Si  nul .  .  .  menaunt  en  la  vile  seit  par  la  grace  des  prod- 
deshommes et  si  y  seit  receu. — Et  si  nul  que  ne  seit  menaunt  en  la 
vile  soit  par  la  grace  des  proddeshommes  de  la  vile  receu  en 
la  Gilde,  seon  heyr  ne  doit  par  seon  pere  rien  joier  de  ce  grace 
ne  de  la  Gilde. 

(58.)  Si  deuz  hommes  de  la  Gilde  tesmoignent  trespas  feit  contre 
le  estatuz. — Et  si  deuz  homes  de  la  Gilde  tesmoignent  sur  lour 
serrement  trespas  feitz  contre  les  estatuz  et  en  contre  la  ffraun- 
chise  de  la  vile,  lour  tesmoignaunce  doit  ester  et  estre  creu ;  et 
si  ceux  que  issi  tesmoigent  seent  resonablement  ateint  quil  eient 
tesmonye  fausement,  eels  que  tiel  tesmoignage  aurount  ditz  per- 
dent  la  Gilde  solom  le  establissementz. 

(59.)  Nul  Abrokur  ne  deit  mener  marchaunt prive  ne  estraunge^ 
si paier  ne  puyse. — Nul  abrokur  ne  deit  mener  marchaunt  prive 
ne  estraunge  pour  nule  marchandise  achater,  se  le  acatour  ne 
soit  leaul  homme  et  voile  et  puyse  bien  paier  et  fere  gre  al 
vendur,  sur  la  peyne  auaunt  ditz. 

(60.)  Que  nul  abrokur  ne  deit  herberger  marchaundise  de  genz 
estraunges  ne  lour  Hens. — Ne  nul  abrokur  ne  deit  herberger  nule 
marchaundise  de  genz  estraunges  ne  lour  biens  sour  la  peine 
auauntz  ditz,  et  dounk  par  seon  serrement  fere  asauer  le  Alder- 
man, se  nul  estraunge  achate  et  reueent  dedenz  la  vile. 

(6 1.)  Nul  achate  Nauee. — Et  si  nul  de  la  vile  achate  nauee 
de  vins  ou  de  ble  en  gros,  et  Borgeys  de  la  vile  voille  auer  vn 
tonel  de  vin  ou  ii.  ou  iii.  quarteres  du  ble  a  seon  vser,  et  les 
deit  auer  par  le  pris  qe  il  sera  achate,  dementiers  qe  les  achatez 
serrount  en  la  seisyne  del  vendeur. 

(62.)  Si  nul  de  la  vile  achate  vins  ou  autre  marchaundise  de 


proofs  anD  ^lustrations.  227 

coustume. — Et  si  nul  de  la  vile  achate  vins  ou  autre  marchaundise  SOUTHAMPTON* 
que  coustume  deyue  enter  la  Huyrst  et  Langestone,  yl  deit  paier  la 
Coustume  et  la  prise,  si  la  chose  seit  achate  de  homme  coustumer. 

(63.)  Nul  ne  deit  .  .  .  ou  autre  marchaundise  venaunt  vers  la 
vile  pour  rien. — Et  sachiez  que  nul  ne  deit  en  contre  vins  ne 
autres  marchaundises  venaunz  vers  la  vile  de  Suthamtone  pour 
ryen  achater,  avaunt  que  la  Nef  seit  aryuee  et  ancre  a  desqarke ; 
et  si  nul  le  feit  et  seit  ateint,  la  marchaundise  qil  auera  achatez 
seit  encoru  au  Roy. 

(64.)  Nul  ne  vende  en  marche  ne  en  rue  peisson  fres,  fors  celuy 
qui  auera  pesche  en  leawe. — Poruou  est  per  comon  conseil  de  la  . 
Gilde  que  nul  ne  vende  en  marche  ne  en  rue  peisson  fres,  for 
celi  quy  le  auera  peschee  en  la  eawe,  ou  celi  qe  le  auera  purchacee 
dehors  Calchesores.  Et  ceux  que  ameynent  peisson  en  Batel  le 
deyuent  porter  toutz  a  vne  fez  al  marche,  et  cyl  celent  partie  del 
peisson  en  lour  Batel,  yls  deyuent  toutz  perdre.  Et  si  yl  bailie 
partie  del  peisson  a  vendre  a  autri  que  a  luy,  il  le  deit  tout 
perdre;  et  si  ad  ascune  femme  regrateresse  achate  peisson  a 
reuendre,  ele  le  deit  toutz  perdre. 

(65.)  Nul  ne  deit  achater  peisson  auaunt  le  solaille  leuaunt  ne 
apres  le  solaille  recorusaunt,  et  si,  etc. — Nul  ne  deit  achatre  peisson 
auaunt  le  solaille  leuauntz  ne  apres  le  solaille  recorusaunt ;  et  si 
ascun  le  feit  et  de  ceo  est  seoit  (sic]  ateint,  si  yl  est  Gildein,  perde 
la  Gilde,  et  si  est  de  la  ffraunchise,  yl  perde  la  ffraunchise  et 
eit  la  prisone  vn  jour  et  vn  nuyzt. 

(66.)  Nul  de  Milebrok  ne  daillours  ne  meyne  peisson  outre  la 
vile  de  Suthamtone. — Nul  de  Milebrok  ne  de  aillurs  ne  ameyne 
peisson  outre  la  vile  de  Hamtone  saunz  conge  demaunde  ou 
saunz  paier  la  custume ;  et  qy  la  feitz  et  de  [ceo]  seit  ateint,  la 
marchaundyse  yssi  amene  seit  encoru  al  Roy. 

(67.)  Nul  ne  vende  quyr  sur  beste  ne  aillours  que  en  la  vile, 
Bocher  ne  autre. — Nul  bocher  ne  vende  quyr  sur  beste  ne  aillours 
que  en  la  vile,  ne  nul  ne  deit  saler  quir  ne  peal  seccher,  sy  il 
ne  seit  Gildein ;  en  meme  la  manere  de  quirs  de  chiual,  de  porks 
et  de  autres  quirs  et  de  peaus  fresches  de  berbiz  et  de  motons 
et  de  cheuers. 

Q  2 


228  Cfre  <£ilti  sgjercfwnt 

SOUTHAMPTON.  (68.)  Chescun  que  meyne  payn  en  karettea  uendre  deit  celuy  payn 
vendrepar  mayn. — Chescun  qui  ameyne  payn  en  karettes  a  uendre 
deit  celuy  payn  vendre  par  sa  meyn  et  nul  autre ;  et  si  nul  payn 
seit  trouee  en  la  meyn  de  autri,  yl  deit  estre  perdu. 

(69.)  Nul  Gildein  voyse  en  le  leawe  en  contre  peisson  venaunt 
en  la  vile  pour  achater  le,  et  \si\  ascun  le  feit. — Poruou  est  qe  nul 
Gildein  voise  en  le  eawe  de  Hamtone  contre  peisson  venaunt  en 
la  vile  por  [ajchater  le,  et  si  nul  Gildein  seit  ateint  qe  yl  voistz 
contre  le  peisson  et  le  achate  auaunt  que  la  Nef  seit  aryue  et 
ancre,  perde  la  Gilde.  E  si  ascun  autre  qy  ne  seit  pas  Gildein 
seit  ateint  qil  voistz  contre  le  peisson  et  le  achate  auaunt  que 
la  Nef  soit  aryuee  et  ancre,  si  il  est  de  la  ffraunchise,  eit  la  prisone 
un  jour  et  un  Nuyzt.  E  si  estraunge  homme  le  feit  que  ne  seit  de 
la  ffraunchise,  perde  quanqe  il  auera  achate. 

(70.)  Nul  regratur  de  chiueres,  des  aigneus,  des  oiseaus,  des  oives, 
des  chapons  et  de  gelines. — Nul  regratour  de  chyueriz,  de  Aigneus, 
de  Oiseaus,  de  Owes,  de  Chapons,  de  Gelines,  de  Pucinis  ou 
dautre  manere  de  vitaille,  de  fformage  fres,  Bure,  Oefs,  ne  achate 
tile  manere  de  vitaille  a  reuendre  auaunt  houre  de  prime  soneie, 
ne  auaunt  que  les  proddeshommes  de  la  vile  et  autres  frauns 
hommes  del  pais  eient  achate  lour  manger.  E  nul  regratur  ne 
voytz  hors  de  la  vile  contre  vitaille  venaunt  en  la  vile  por  celi 
vitaille  achater ;  et  qy  le  feit  et  de  ceo  seit  ateint  perde  quanque 
il  auera  achate. 

(71.)  Porvou  est  des  porturs  de  Suthamtone  que  prendrount .  .  . 
— Porvou  est  que  les  porturs  de  Suthamtone  prengent  \.d.  et  ob. 
de  herbiger  vn  tonel  de  vin  en  celers  sur  la  ryue  de  la  mer,  et 
dure  cele  ryue  en  la  Rue  Englesche  desks  a  la  venele  que  fu 
Walter  le  Flemeg,  et  en  la  Rue  Franceyse  deskes  a  la  meson  ou 
Jakes  le  Wyte  soleit  mendre,  et  a  Westhuthe  desques  a  celers  que 
furent  Sampson  del  Puytz,  et  desques  a  la  Chastel  le  Roy,  et  deskes 
a  la  chief  mys  que  fu  Dame  Cleremonde,  ou  ele  soleit  meyndre. 
Dautre  part  puz  [i.e.  pur]  vn  tonel  de  vin  mener  sur  poleins  ou 
lotels  outre  le  auauntdite  ryue  deskes  a  la  Eglise  Seinte  Croyz  e 
le  Eglise  Seinte  Michel  iii.</.,  et  outre  les  auauntditez  Eglises  ou 
que  il  meynent  vn  tonel  de  vin  aillours  en  la  vile  ii\\.d.  Dautre 


ana  3(ltastration&  229 

part  pour  charger  vn  tonel  de  vin  sur  charette  amener  ascune  SOUTHAMPTON. 

part  en  la  vile  in.*/,  ob.,  et  a  charger  vn  tonel  de  vin  en  nief  iii.</., 

et  en  batel  ii.</.,  et  a  descharger  et  herberger  celuy  tonel  iii.</.,  et 

a  charger  vn  tonel  de  vin  a  enveer  hors  de  la  vile  iii.  ob.     Dautre 

part  pour  un  gros  sak  de  leine  de  porter  de  sendes  en  la  paroche 

Seinz  Laorence  deskes  a  la  mer  et  a  mettre  en  Batel  et  a  charger 

en  la  Nef  ii.d.     Item  pour  vn  petit  sak  de  leyne  iii.  <?£.,  cest  a 

sauer,  pour  porter  maylle  et  pour  charger  prender  \.d.     Item  pour 

vn  last  de  quirs  des  auauntdites  sendes  pour  porter  deskes  a  la 

mer  et  pour  aleuer  les  en  la  Nef  xii.</.,  cest  a  sauer,  pour  porter 

\\\\.d.  et  pour  aloer  iiii.d.     Dautre  part  pour  iiii.  peyses  de  for- 

mage  daporter  a  la  batel  i\.d.     Item  pour  porter  sel  et  ble  et 

autres  choses  que  sount  portez  par  C.,  forpris  carbun  de  mer,  pour 

le  C.  porter  ii.^.,  de  la  mer  deske  a  les  auauntdites  sendes.     Item 

pour  vn  tourn  de  moeles  herberger  ii.  d.,  achatez  sur  la  ryue  de  la 

mer,  et  pour  un  tourn  decharger  et  herberger  vi.^f.,  et  pour  vn 

tourn  de  moeles  mettre  en  Batel  et  charger  vm.d.     Les  auaunt- 

dite  porters  plus  tosttz  enpletterount  les  bosoignes  des  borgeis 

de  Hamtone  que  de  nul  homme  estraunge  en  toutz  poinz;  et 

si  yl  ne  fount  et  noysent  en  nul  point  centre  les  auauntdites 

estatutz,  soient  emprisones  pour  vn  jour  et  vn  nuyzt  saunz  estre 

repleyez,  et  ne  deyuent  fere  le  office  de  porturs  pour  vn  an  et  vn 

jour. 

(72.)  Nul  Abrokur  ne  seit  en  la  vile  de  Suthamtone,  si  yl  ne  sett 
a  ceo  establiz  par  les  proddeshommes. — Et  nul  abrokur  ne  seit  en 
la  vile,  si  yl  ne  seit  a  ceo  establi  par  les  proddeshommes  de  la 
vile  et  seit  a  ceo  jurez  a  le  Office  de  Abrokurs  en  la  forme  que 
est  poruee,  et  deit  sauf  plegge  trouer  a  tenyr  leaumentz  seon 
serment  auauntdite ;  et  si  feit  en  centre  seon  serment,  dount  il 
seit  resonablement  ateint  deuaunt  les  proddeshommes,  il  deit 
perdre  le  office  del  brokur,  et  ceus  que  serrount  ceus1  plegges 
responderunt  de  seon  trespas  et  le  amenderount  solom  le  esgard 
des  proddeshommes  de  la  vile. 

(73.)  Si  nul  faceo  le  office  de  Abrokur  que  ne  seit  jurez  a  ceo. — 
Et  si  nul  vinge  a  fere  le  office  de  Brokur  quy  ne  seit  jurez  al 

1  I.  e.  <  ses.' 


230 

SOUTHAMPTON,  forme  auaunt  dite,  nul  marchauntz  priuez  ne  estraunge  ne  seit  de 
ryen  tenu  a  doner  a  celuy  abrokur,  et  le  office  li  seit  defendu,  et 
kyl  mes  ne  se  entremette  saunz  le  conge  del  Alderman  et  des 
proddeshommes  de  la  vile,  sur  peine  de  estre  en  prisone.  Et  les 
abrokurs  deyvent  estre  entendaunt  en  toutes  maneres  des  mar- 
chaundises,a  seon  poer  et  par  seon  serment,  [a]  auauncer  lesborgeis 
de  la  vile  en  toutes  maneres  des  achatz  et  de  ventes  et  de  toutes 
maneres  de  marchaundises  deuaunt  touz  autres  marchaunz,  en 
tiel  manere  que  le  preu  a  Borgeis  de  la  vile  seit  feit  auaunt  que 
nul  marchaunt  estraunge  en  seit  garny ;  e  quy  il  ne  monstrent,  ne 
ne  facent  monstrer,  ne  fere  a  sauer  a  nul  marchaunt  estraunge  de 
nule  manere  de  marchaundise  auaunt  que  les  borgeys  de  la  vile 
en  soient  garni  et  la  eient  refuse  ou  achatez. 

(74.)  Nul  Abrokur  jurez  ne  deit  estre  marchaunt  et  Abrokur. — 
Et  nul  Brokur  jurez  ne  deit  estre  marchauntz  et  Abrokur,  ne 
tauerne  tenyer  de  vin,  ne  de  rien  marchaunder  a  seon  oeps 
demeyne,  ne  oue  autre  marchaunz  en  nule  manere  de  mar- 
chaundise partyr,  ne  eistre  partenyr ;  et  si  nul  le  feitz  et  de  ceo 
seit  ateint,  perde  le  office  de  Abrokur. 

(75.)  Nul  Borgeis  ne  autre  ne  achate  ne  vende  ffundrible  de  seim. 
— Porueu  est  par  comon  assent  que  nul  Borgeis  ne  autre  achate 
ne  vende  desoremes  nul  manere  de  ffundrible  de  seim,  que 
homme  apele  blobbe,  e  que  de  chescun  tonel  seit  feru  hors  le 
ffunz  sus  le  grant  mer  de  la  mer  et  ny  passe  pas  la  ffloudmark, 
quant  le  cler  seim  serra  hors  tret,  qil  ne  seit  effonce  pour  cor- 
ruption et  pour  autre  gref  damage  que  en  porra  auenir  en  la. 
Et  si  Gildein  le  feit  et  seit  tesmoigne  par  Gildein  de  la  Gilde, 
perde  la  Gilde ;  et  si  autre  de  ffraunchise  le  feit,  perde  la  ffraun- 
chise  et  seit  tenu  pour  estraunge;  et  si  autre  le  feit,  seit  en  la 
prisone  vn  jour  et  vn  nuzt,  et  seit  repleggez  par  tieles  qe  meyn- 
prengent  de  amender  le  trespas  par  esgard  del  Alderman,  des 
Eskeuyns,  del  Seneschal  et  de  Jurez. 

(76.)  Que  Gildein  vendra  a  houre  de  prime  lendemeyn  que  la 

,          Gilde  serra. — Et  chescun  de  la  Gilde  deit  venir  lendemeyn  que 

la  Gilde  serra  al  houre  de  prime,  et  qi  ne  vendra  seit  en  la  merci 

de  \i.d.,  et  les  paie  tantostz.     Et  si  Gildein  ne  vient  a  la  semble 


Proofs  anu  ^lustrations,  231 

le  matin  et  seit  en  la  vile,  seit  en  la' mercy  de  ii.-y.,  et  les  paie  SOUTHAMPTON. 
saunz  nul  relesser. 

(77.)  Com  Arange  sale y  vient. — Porueu  est  par  comon  consail 
de  la  Gilde  que  le  Arange  sale  venaunt  en  port  de  Suthamtone, 
de  queconque  sort  meymes  le  Arange  seit,  en  chescun  Nef  seit  le 
ayrange  vendu  a  comensement  a  meloure  vente,  com  il  entendent 
lour  profist  fere,  yssi  que  apres  la  premere  vente  le  mestre  de  la 
nef  ne  lour  hostz  ne  devent  encrestre  outre  la  premere  vente. 
Et  quike  le  face  et  de  coe J  seit  ateint,  tout  cele  encrecement 
seit  encoru  al  comon  profist  de  la  vile  saunz  centre  distz.' 

While  we  have  no  positive  information  concerning  the  circum- 
stances under  which  these  laws  were  passed,  their  careful  perusal 
must  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  they  were  not  the  work  of  a 
single  deliberative  assembly,  but  were  doubtless  made  from  time 
to  time,  as  need  required.  With  the  meagre  data  that  we  possess 
We  cannot  separate  the  document  into  its  component  parts  and 
assign  to  each  the  date  of  its  inception.  But  we  may  conclude 
that  the  earliest  ordinances  (at  least  §§  i-n)  belong  to  a  time 
when  the  Gild  was  a  strictly  private  fraternity  without  general 
civic  functions,  while  the  later  ones  were  made  after  the  Gild  had 
become  the  dominant  burghal  authority  (probably  in  the  four- 
teenth century).  Though  the  gradual  extension  of  its  powers  and 
sphere  of  action  may  thus  be  followed,  the  ordinances  bear  mani- 
fest traces  of  the  old  dual  system  of  municipal  government,  the 
commerce  of  the  town  being  regulated  by  the  alderman,  steward 
and  'eskevins'  of  the  Gild,  and  municipal  matters  in  general, 
especially  judicial  business,  by  the  bailiffs  and  twelve  jurats. 

*  The  Ordinances,'  says  Smirke,  '  curiously  exemplify  the  inti- 
mate connection  between  the  constitution  of  a  gild-merchant  and 
that  of  a  municipal  corporation.  They  were  clearly  not  identical, 
but  the  one  may  sometimes  be  shown  to  have  originated  in  the 
other,  as  Madox  has  long  ago  observed.  The  gilds  in  the  larger 
cities  were  usually  distinct  incorporations,  but  more  or  less 

1  I.  e.  '  ceo.' 


232  €&e  (fcito  flgjercfmnt, 

SOUTHAMPTON,  associated  with  the  general  corporation,  as  is  still  conspicuously 
the  case  in  the  city  of  London.  At  Southampton,  although  the 
"  Gilde  marchaunt,"  the  "  Fraunchise,"  and  the  "  Ville  "  are  dis- 
tinguished (see  Art.  30,  44,  45,  46,  53,  77),  it  is  not  easy  to  say 
to  which  of  these  any  Ordinance  belongs.  I  have  no  doubt, 
however,  that  they  had  become  in  course  of  time  so  amalgamated 
as  to  be  the  subject  of  common  local  regulation.' — (ArchaeoL 
Journal^  xvi.  p.  352.) 

During  the  reign  of  Edward  III  the  monopoly  of  the  Gild  was 
temporarily  suspended,  as  is  evident  from  a  petition  to  parliament 
in  the  year  1334  : — 

*  A  nostre  Seignour  &  a  son  Conseif  monstrent  les  Marchauntes 
de  Wyncestre,  &  de  Salisbury,  &  les  autres  Marchaunz  de  la  terre 
nostre  Seignour  le  Roi,  veignantz  a  les  partiez  de  Suthampton, 
qi  come  touz  les  Marchauns  du  Roialme  d'Engleterre  de  tut 
temps  ount  usee  de  venir  &  achatre  chescun  manere  de  Mar- 
chaundises  deinz  la  Fraunchise  de  la  diste  Ville  de  Suhampton, 
des  estraunges  &  des  privees,  auxi  bien  en  1'ewe  come  en  terre,  & 
auxi  en  Neefs  illoeqes  appliauntz,  ou  dehors,  fesauntz  Custumes 
au  nostre  Seignour  le  Roi  ceux  qi  Custume  devient  doner,  solom 
ceo  qe  d'auncien  temps  ad  este  usee ;  la  veignent  les,  Burgeis  de 
mesme  la  Ville,  &  ne  voillent  soeffrer  nul  Marchaunt  estraunge  ne 
privee  nul  manere  Marchaundie  achatier  denz  1'ewe  de  mesme 
la  Fraunchise,  mes  par  lour  maines  demesnes,  en  charisement  des 
Marchaundies  avauntditz,  al  damage  des  Marchauns  &  de  la  Com- 
minalte  de  people.  Dont  prien[t]  remedie. 

Responsio.  Eit  chescun  home,  qi  se  voudra  pleindre,  Brief  as  Meir  &  Baillifs, 

q'ils  lui  soeffrent  fraunchement  achatre,  auxi  bien  sur  terre  come 
sur  ewe,  deinz  la  purceynt  de  la  Ville,  auxi  come  est  respondu  a 
la  Peticion  de  la  Commune.' — (Rotuli  Parl.^  ii.  87.) 

Expenses  of  the  Gild  Dinner,  Jan.  i6th,  1432  : — 

s.    d. 

'  Four  capons 15 

Eight  capons 34 

Twelve  pestellus  of  pork  and  nine  legs  of  beef        3     9 
Eleven  pieces  of  beef    .....         i     o 


Proofs  anu  3[Hustration& 


233 


Four  pounds  of  almonds        . 

One  pound  of  raisins  and  currants 

One  pound  of  dates       .         .        , 

Maces  ....... 

Cloves          ,,..... 

Saffron          ,..,.„. 
Pot  of  Sugar          ...... 

Twelve  couple  of  rabbits        . 

Two  quarters  of  coals    . 

Onions          ....... 

Salt .      . 

For  a  strainer 

One  gallon  of  Muscatel  wine 

One  quart  of  Lent  wine          .... 

One  quart  of  Red  wine          .... 

Mustard 

One  gallon  of  Malmsey          .... 
Half  pound  of  ginger  and  cinnamon 
To  three  men  to  turn  the  spits 

Bread 

Ale 

Cedar  wood          ...... 

Peschalme    ....... 

To  one  labourer  in  the  kitchen 
To  Janyns  [probably  the  cook] 
To  two  labourers  to  set  tables,  forms,  and 

help  in  the  kitchen         .... 

Candles         ....... 

Ten  capons,  that  were  borrowed  of  my  master, 

the  mayor      ...,., 
To  four  players  of  St.  Cross  (Holy  Rood) 

*  It  was  in  comparatively  recent  times  that  the  name  of  Guild 
was  finally  given  up.     At  the  period  of  the  French  ordinances  it 


s. 

d. 

I 

0 

o 

3 

o 

4 

o 

i 

o 

3 

o 

3 

o 

i 

5 

0 

i 

o 

o 

2 

o 

I 

o 

2 

I 

O 

o 

3 

0 

2 

I 

0 

I 

O 

o 

3 

3 

o 

r 

8 

0 

8 

o 

i 

o 

4 

o 

8 

o 

8 

o 

i 

3 

4 

6 

81' 

SOUTHAMPTON. 


H.  Moody,  Notes  and  Essays  relating  to  Hants  and  Wilts,  168-169. 


234  Cfre  (SilD  agercfwnt 

SOUTHAMPTON,  was  prominent,  and  so  continued  for  a  couple  of  centuries  or 
more1.  The  entries  in  the  "Burgess  Book"  of  1496  record  admis- 
sions "into  the  gilde"  or  into  "the  libertie  of  the  gilde."  One  or 
other  of  these  forms  occurs  without  a  variation  till  the  admission 
of  Bishop  Home  in  1562,  whose  name  is  the  last  thus  entered. 
After  this  there  is  a  marked  change  in  the  style.  The  next  and 
most  of  the  subsequent  admissions  are  "to  be  one  of  the  bur- 
gesses," or,  in  the  latest  times  till  1835,  "admitted  and  sworn  a 
burgess."  Still  in  1597  we  find  an  admission  "to  be  one  of  the 
burgesses  and  guilde" ;  and  the  same  or  similar  form  of  "  guild 
and  burgess"  occurs  not  unfrequently  until  1704;  after  which  the 
name  does  not  appear  in 'documents,  and  only  remains  in  the 
word  guildhall.' — (Davies,  Southampton^  138.) 


SWANSEA. 

The  charter  ofWm.  de  Braose  (1305)  contains  this  clause:— 
'  Concessimus  etiam  burgensibus  nostris  memoratis  quod  nullus 
mercator  extraneus  exerceat  mercandisas  in  burgo  de  Sweyn'  aut 
in  terra  nostra  de  Goher',  exceptis  burgensibus  de  Logharne,  contra 
eorum  libertatem.' — (Francis ,  Swansea  Charters ;  n.) 

The  Lord  Protector  in  his  charter  to  Swansea,  A.D.  1655,  after 
incorporating  the  Mayor,  Aldermen  and  Burgesses,  proceeds 
thus  : — And,  further,  they  '  shall  and  may  forever  hereafter  have 
and  enjoy  one  ffree  Guild  of  Merchants  within  the  said  Towne  of 
Swansey.  And  that  the  Maior  and  Comon-Councell  of  the  said 
Towne  for  the  time  being  or  the  greater  part  of  them  (whereof 
the  Mayor  of  the  said  Towne  for  the  time  being  Wee  will  to  be 
alwaies  one)  shall  have  full  power  and  authority  by  theis  Presents 
to  call  and  admitt  unto  the  same  Free  Guild  and  Burgeshipp  of 
the  said  Towne  such  and  soe  many  able  and  discreete  persons 
as  to  them  shall  seeme  fitt,  and  uppon  any  iust  and  lawful  grounds 
and  causes  to  Disfranchise  them  or  any  of  them.  ....  [The 

1  In  a  modernised  version  of  these  French  ordinances,  written  in  the  time  of 
Charles  I,  the  word  '  burgess '  always  appears  instead  of  '  gildsman,' — Davies, 
134-135. 


proofs  ano  Illustrations.          235 

Common  Council]  to  make,  constitute  and  ordaine  such  Acts,  SWANSEA. 
Ordinances,  Constitucions,  Articles  and  Orders  as  to  them  or 
the  greater  part  of  them  shall  seeme  reasonable,  profitable  or 
requisite  for,  touching  or  concerning  the  good  Estate,  order,  rule 
and  government  of  the  Burgesses,  Merchants  of  the  Guild  and 
other  Merchants,  Inhabitants  and  Artificers  of  the  said  Towne 
of  Swansey  and  the  limitts  and  precincts  thereof,'  etc. — (Swansea 
Charter s^  27-35.) 

TOTNES  l. 

The  Gild  Merchant  was  one  of  several  liberties  conferred  upon 
the  burgesses  of  Totnes  by  a  royal  charter  of  17  John.— (Cotton^  A.D.  1216. 
Totnes,  89.) 

'  Burgenses  de  Toteneis  reddunt  compotum  de  v.  marcis,  Pro 
Gilda  sine  waranto.' — Pipe  Roll,  26  Hen.  II,  Rot.  7  a.  In  the 
same  year  the  burgesses  of  Bodmin  were  fined  for  a  similar 
offence. — (Madox,  Exch.,  i.  562-563.) 

'  Hec  est  Conuencio  inter  Abbatem  et  Conuentum  Buffest'  [i.e. 
Buckfastleigh]  et  Burgenses  Totton',  Anno  vicesimo  Regni  Regis 
Henrici,  scilicet,  quod  dicti  Burgenses  receperunt  dictum  Abba-  20  Hen.  III. 
tern  et  Monachos  in  Gildam  mercatorum,  videlicet,  quod  poterunt 
omnes  Empciones  suas  facere  sicut  ceteri  Burgenses,  exceptis  ven- 
dicionibus  omnibus  nomine  Taberne,  Reddendo  annuatim  ad 
Gildam  mercatorum  xxii.*/.  die  Sabbati  proxima  ante  Nathale 
domini  pro  omni  Tallagio  quod  pertinet  ad  Communem  Ville  V 

The  following  is  taken  from  a  Roll  in  the  possession  of  the 
corporation  of  Exeter 3 : — 

1  Cf.  P.  F.  S.  Amery,   The   Gild  Merchant  of  Totnes,  Devon   Assoc.  for 
Advanc.  of  Science,  etc.,  vol.  xii.  pp.  179-191  ;  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1872,  pp. 
342-344.     The  materials  given  below  are  taken  directly  from  the  records  at 
Totnes  and  Exeter. 

2  Faintly  written  on  No.  16  of  the  town  records  of  Totnes,  which  contains 
the  accounts  of  the  Gild,  temp.  Edw.  I,  Edw.  II  and  Edw.  III. 

3  A  paper  Roll  deposited  in  the  Record  Room  of  the  Exeter  Gildhall,  bound 
in  two  leaves  of  a  copy  of  Higden's  Policronicon  and  headed  '  Compilacio  per 
Johannem  Burhed,  L'an  1433.'    For  an  abstract  of  its  contents  seeR.  Dymond's 
Ancient  Documents  relating  to  Totnes,  Devon  Assoc.  for  Advanc.  of  Science, 


236  Cfje  ®tID  sgjerc&ant. 

TOTNES.  t  Veredictum  de  Redditibus  consuetis  domino  Totton\ 

Veredictum  iuratorum  Totton'  factum  coram  domino  Martino 
fol.  5. 

de  Leg'  militibus  et  domino  Elia  de  Cumba  Clerico,  balliuis  domini 

Edwardi  filii  domini  Henrici  Regis  Anglie,  die  Sabbati  proxima 
A.D.  1255.      post    festum   sancti   Egidii  anno   Regni   Regis   Anglie   Henrici 
xxxix0. 

Chepgauell.         Item  dicunt  quod  quidem  Redditus  [est]  in  Totton'  qui  vocatur 
fol.  6.  Chepgauell,  ita  quod  quilibet  mercator  qui  est  in  Gilda  merca- 

toria  Totton',  non  habens  tenementum  in  Totton',  debet  reddere 
annuatim  vi.d.  ad  quatuor  anni  terminos.  Et  cum  tenemen- 
tum perquisierit,  quietus  erit  de  predicto  Redditu.  Et  reddet 
annuatim  \\.d.  de  Estergauell.  Et  dictus  Redditus  crescit  et 
decrescit.  Summa  xx.j.  v\.d. 

fol.  9.  Item   dicunt    quod    dicti   burgenses    et    alii    in    dicto   burgo 

commorantes  habent  quandam  libertatem  inter  se  que  dicitur 
Gilda  marcatoria,  per  quam  possint  mercatores  extraneos  facere 
liberos,  ne  soluant  Theoloneum  de  rebus  seu  mercandisis  suis 
emptis  et  venditis,  prout  dicti  burgenses  quieti  sunt  et  liberi ;  et 
hoc  vtuntur  et  vsi  sunt  a  tempore  quo  non  extat  memoria. 

Item  dicti  burgenses  vsi  sunt  ab  antiquo  quod  querelas  eorum 
quascunque  primo  die  placiti  possint  in  curia  eorum  coram 
Senescallo  eorum  emendare.  Item  dicunt  quod  in  Curia  domini 
Totton'  possint  omnia  placita  placitare  que  coram  Justiciariis 
domini  Regis  in  communi  banco  placitantur'. 

fol.  17.  '  Compositio  inter  dominum  Tottori  et  burgenses  suos. 

Pateat  vniuersis  per  presentes  quod  cum  Willielmus  Lazouch 
dominus  de  Totton'  sentiebat  se  per  burgenses  suos  de  eadem 
multipliciter  pergrauatum,  et  maxime  in  quibus[dam]  articulis 
subscripts,  in  quibus  ripe  et  contenciones  inter  dictum  Willielmum 
et  predictos'  burgenses  exacte  fuerint;  tamen  inter  eos  ita  ad- 

quieuit.  Quod  cum  idem  Willielmus  calumpniabat  dictos  burgenses 

> 

etc.,  xii.  195-203.  In  the  same  repository  at  Exeter  there  is  a  duplicate  of  the 
composition  between  Wm.  la  Zouche  and  the  burgesses  of  Totnes. 


Proofs  anu  3[Hustratton&  237 

quod  ipsi  in  sui  preiudicium  et  dampnum  quandam  libertatem  TOTNES. 
clamauerunt  ad  acquietandum   diuersos   homines   extraneos   de 
Theoloneo  et  aliis  consuetudinibus  in  mercato  et  in  feria  dicti 
Willielmi   in   Totton'   per  vnum   annum   et   diem,  nichil   dicto 
Willielmo  reddendo,  et  pro  voluntate  eorum  omnibus  annis  se- 
quentibus  Reddendo  eidem  Willielmo  Sex   denarios   annuatim, 
quam  quamuis  dicti  extranei  alibi  fuerint  residentes  seu  conuer- 
santes  in  dicta  villa,1 — Concedunt  dicti  burgenses  pro  se  et  here- 
dibus  suis,  et  eciam  communitas  dicte  ville,  quod  amodo  nullum  in 
dictam  libertatem  recipiant  qui  alibi  residenciam  habet,  Scilicet, 
mercatores  errantes,  qui  sacramentum  prestabunt  primo  die  quo 
in  dictam  libertatem  admissi  fuerint,  quod  in  dicta  villa  Totton' 
tenementum,  in   quo   residere   seu2  morari   poterunt,  infra  pri- 
mum   annum  et  diem  pro  posse  suo  adquirent,  et   hoc   coram 
Senescallo  de  Gilda  mercatorum  et  balliuo  dicti  Willielmi  et  here- 
dum  suorum,  si  interesse  voluerint.    Et  quod  primo  anno  introitus 
eorum  debent  singuli  eorum  qui  admissi  fuerint  dicto  Willielmo 
et  heredibus  suis  [. . .],  et  sic  de  anno  in  annum  dum  in  dicta 
libertate  steterint  et  tenementum,  vt  dictum  est,  non  acquisierint. 
Cum  eciam  dicti  burgenses  attachiari  fecerunt  mensuras,  bussellos 
Scilicet  et  lagenas,  pondera  et  vlnas,  sine  voluntate  et  precepto 
senescalli  dicti  Willielmi,  et  eas  probare  clamauerunt,  Concedunt 
dicti  burgenses  pro  se  et  heredibus  suis,  et  communitas  predicta, 
quod,  quociens  necesse  fuerit  ad  scrutinium  facere  pro  mensuris,  foi.  jg. 
ponderibus  et  vlnis  capiendis  et  probandis,  Senescallus  dicti  Wil- 
lielmi seu  eius  balliuus  et  heredum  suorum  de  Totton'  vel  locum 
eius  tenens,  assumptis  secum  preposito  ville  et  cachepollo,  manda- 
bit  senescallos  de  Gilda  predicta  vel  duos  alios  burgenses  de 
dicrecioribus  de  eadem,  si  ipsi  senescalli  non  potuerint  interesse, 
et  ad  aulam  Gilde  conueniant,  et  deinde  mensuras  predictas  cum 
ponderibus  et  vlnis  per  totam  villam  capiant  et  ad  dictam  aulam 
differri  facient,  et  ibi,  prout  decet,  per  standarda  in  custodia  dicto- 
rum   senescallorum   gilde   existentia   ibidem   probabunt.     Et   si 

1  This  should  probably  read,  '  annuatim,  quamuis  dicti  extranei  alibi  .  .  . 
conuersantes  quam  in  dicta  villa.' 

2  MS.  '  solent.' 


238  Cfte  ®HD  figjercfwnt, 

TOTNES.  defectum  vel  falsitatem  in  aliquam  inuenerint,  tradatur  ilia  men- 
sura  seu  pondus  vel  vlna  sic  pro  falsa  probata  in  custodiam  pre- 
positi  predicti  vsque  proximam  curiam  dicti  Willielmi  vel  heredum 
suorum  sequent  [em],  et  ibi  dampnetur.  Et  illi  qui  huiusmodi 
mensuras,  pondera  seu  vlnas  tenuerint,  per  consideracionem  dicte 
curie  puniantur.  Et  si  senescallus  vel  balliuus  dicti  Willielmi 
vel  heredum  suorum,  cum  *  predicti[s]  cachepoll[o]  vel  preposit[o] 
venerit  ad  villam  predictam  per  alicuius  querelam,  accusacionem, 
suspeccionem  quoquomodo,  [et]  predictas  mensuras,  pondera  et 
vlnas  probare  voluerit,  prout  melius  viderit  expedire,  eas  capi 2  et 
in  curia  dicti  Willielmi  et  heredum  suorum  de  Totton'  deferri  et 
probari  faciat ;  et  defectus,  si  quis  inueniatur,  secundum  legem  et 
consuetudinem  regni  et  per  consideracionem  curie  puniatur.  Et 
ad  hoc  faciendum  senescalli  predicte  gilde  standarda  in  custodia 
sua  existentia  in  dicta  curia  venire  faciant ;  et  dicti  standardi 3  in 
custodia  dictorum  Senescallorum  de  gilda,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint, 
remanebunt.  Et  cum  dicti  burgenses  clamauerunt  emendas 
assise  panis  fracte,  quod  maxime  in  preiudicium  et  exheredita- 
cionem  predicti  Willielmi  redundat,  Concedunt  predicti  burgenses 
et  communitas  pro  se  [et]  heredibus  suis  quod  amodo  huiusmodi 

fol.  19.  emendas  non  exigent  nee  clamabunt  nee  per  huiusmodi  transgres- 
siones  aliquid  sibi  appropriabunt  quoquomodo,  set  per  balliuos  dicti 
Willielmi  et  heredum  suorum  vna  cum  preposito  burgi  videatur 
quod  assisa  panis  et  seruicie  teneatur.  Et  delictum,  si  quid 
fuerit  compertum,  in  curia  eiusdem  Willielmi  et  heredum  suorum 
de  Totton'  emendetur,  et  amerciamenta  seu  emendaciones  inde 
prouenientes  bene  gaudere  possint,  et  puniciones  per  tumberellum 
et  pillorium  faciende  pro  fraccione  assise  panis  et  ceruisie  semper 
per  ipsum  Willielmum  et  heredes  suos  et  per  eorum  balliuos  pre- 
dictos  fiant,  quociens  necesse  fuerit,  et  per  curiam  consideratum 
fuerit.  Ita  quod  predicti  balliui  dicti  Willielmi  et  heredum  suo- 
rum panem  capient  et  pondus  panis,  quociens  necesse  fuerit 
et  eis  licuerit,  et  non  predicti  burgenses,  nisi  fortuitu  casu  ali- 
quem  panem  vnius  [i.  e.  unus]  eorum  inueniat  de  quo  suspec- 

1  MS.  'quarn.'  2  MS.  'cape.'  j 

8  Sic.     In  the  MS.  this  word  is  generally  contracted  ('standard'.') 


proofs  antr  illustrations*          239 

tus  habeatur,  ilium  capere  possit  et  preposito  ville  liberare,  qui  TOTNES. 

ilium  ad  curiam  dicti  Willielmi  €t  heredum  suorum  portabit,  et 

inde  ibi  fiet,  prout  iuris  fuerit.     Et  si  contingat  aliquem  malefacto- 

rem  aut  sectatorem  burci  [i.  e.  burgi]  vel  latronem  de  minutis  latro- 

ciniis  in  mercato  et  feria  dicti  Willielmi  et  heredum  suorum  capi 

et  super  delicto  conuinci,  Ita  quod  ad  iudicium  pillorii  adiudican- 

dus  fuerit,  per  Senescallum  et  balliuum  dicti  Willielmi  et  heredum 

suorum  et  per  prepositum  ville  et  cachepollum  per  consideracionem 

et  in  presencia  dictorum  burgorum,  qui  interesse  voluerint,  ad 

iudicium  ponatur.     Si  autem  Senescallus  seu  balliuus  dicti  Wil- 

lielmf  et  heredum  suorum  ad  hoc  vocari  non  potuerint,  fiat  exer 

cucio  [per]  prepositum  [et]  cachepollum  et  [per]  consideracionem  et 

in  presencia  dictorum  burgorum.     In  cuius  rei  testimonium  huic 

Scripto  indentato  Sigillum  dicti  Willielmi  et  sigillum  communitatis 

burgi  Totton'  alternatim  sunt  appensa.     Hiis  testibus,  dominis  fol.  20. 

Gilberto  KnouilP,  Nicholao  de  Kyrhkam,  Rogero  de  Cokyngton', 

Hugone  de  fferrariis,  militibus,  Johanne  de  Haldeworthy,  Radulpho 

de  Dodescombe,  Willielmo  de  penelles,  Willielmo  de  Pyn,  Ricardo 

de  Benelegh,  Johanne  de  Hagworthy  et  aliis.     Datum  Totton' 

vito  die  Julii"  Scilicet,  die  lune  in  octabis  apostolorum  Petri  et 

Pauli,  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Henrici  [in]  Tricesimo  A.D.  1304. 

Secundo.' 

Fifteen  ancient  Rolls  of  the  Gild  Merchant  of  Totnes  are 
still  preserved  in  the  archives  of  that  borough  (Numbers  15-29 
of  the  town  records).  The  oldest  Roll  (No.  15),  extending 
from  1260  into  the  reign  of  Edward  I,  is  endorsed  by  a  later 
hand,  '  A  Rolle  of  the  free  mens  names,'  etc.1  It  contains  a  list  of 
more  than  300  members,  written  in  two  columns.  The  following 
extracts  will  illustrate  its  contents  : — 

'  Rotulus  Gylde  mercatorum  Totton'  Tempore  Ricardi  filii  Ade 
et  Ricardi  de  Porta  anno  domini  MCC  sexagessimo.  Hec  scripta 
sunt  per  manus  Bartholomei  capellani  et  clerici  huius  fraternitatis 
qui  est  huius  Libertatis  iuratus,  cuius  sunt  subsequentes  : — 

Abbas  de  Tore  in  Gilda  mercatorum  pro  ii.  solidis  Annuatim 

1  It  consists  of  four  membranes  sewed  together,  measuring  62  by  8£  inches. 


240  Cf#  <$ilD  flgjerciwnt 

TOTNES.  soluendis  Senescallis  de  Gylda  mercatorum  Totton'  pro  omnibus 
Tallagiis  ad  duos  anni  terminos,  videlicet,  ad  Pascam  et  ad 
festum  Sancti  Michaelis. 

Abbas  Buffest[ri]e  in  Gylda  mercatorum  pro  xii.</.  annuatim 
soluendis. 

Willielmus  Aunger.          Walterus  le  Bon. 
Hugo  Pystor.  Johannes  le  Lorimer. 

Thomas  draper.  Ric'  Hurtebise,  sub  sede  patris. 

Johannes  Cola  super  sedem  Mich'  de  Baddeston' ;  fordede. 

Eduardus  Wodi  sub  sede  Walteri  Wodi  patris  sui ;  duplex 
fordede l. 

Willielmus  Bohetone  de  communi  empcione ;  plegii  ad  omnia 
iura  prosequenda,  RadulphusCesse  et  Nicholaus  Heming ;  fordede. 

Andreas  Scot  sub  sede  Galfridi  Rustici  de  dono  Alicie  vxoris 
Walteri  Cochela;  plegii  ad  omnia  iura  prosequenda,  Willielmus 
de  Corneworthi  et  Walterus  Cochela ;  duplex  fordede. 

Aubraye  Crockele  de  concessione  communitatis  Gilde  merca- 
torum Totton'  ad  terminum  vite  sue.  Duplex  fordede ;  plegii  ad 
omnia  iura  prosequenda,  Galfridus  de  la  Wodelonde  et  Thomas  le 
Carp(?). 

Alicia  Relicta  Willielmi  de  Wyke  sub  sede  Bartholomei  filii 
Willielmi  de  Gerston'  Nepotis  sui;  plegii  ad  omnia  iura  prose- 
quenda, tenementa  sua.  Duplex  fordede. 

Memorandum  quod  Walterus  de  la  Hele  intrauit  in  Gildam 
Mercatorum  Totton'  die  Lune  proxima  ante  Epiphaniam  domini 
Anno  domini  MCC  septuagesimo.  Et  inuenit  plegios  ad  omnia 
iura  prosequenda  et  ad  libertates  Totton'  pro  se  illesas  et  in- 
dempnes  conseruandas  imperpetuum.  Plegii,  Will'  Drake, 
Johannes  Chatel  Fria,  Martinus  de  la  Wilweye ;  fordede  V 

Above  one  of  the  entries  is  written  in  Latin : — '  He  [Robert 
Fela]  withdrew  and  surrendered  the  freedom  to  the  Commonalty, 
and  now  pays  toll.' 

1  The  form  '  fordele  *  often  occurs  instead  of  '  fordede.'     The  word  appears 
most  frequently  in  the  abbreviated  form  '  ford'.' 

2  For  other  extracts  from  this  Roll,  translated  into  English,  see  Rep.  MSS. 
Com.  1872,  pp.  342-343,  and  Devon.  Assoc.,  xii.  183-186. 


Proofs  anD  illustrations, 

No.  16  is  endorsed,   'Compot[us]  concernentpum]  Gild"  mer-  TOTNES. 
cator'  temp'  E.  primi,  E.  ii.  et  E.  iii.'     Besides  the  accounts,  which 
are  too  roughly  jotted  down  to  be  very  intelligible,  it  contains  the 
agreement  with  the  Abbot  of  Buckfastleigh  made  in  the  year  20 
Henry  III  \ 

No.  20  begins  thus  : — '  Rotulus  communitatis  Totton'  tangens  Totton'. 
nomina   intrantium   in  Gildam  mercatorum  Totton'  anno  regni 
regis  Edwardi  [II]  filii  Regis  Edwardi  tercio  decimo,  tempore 
Johannis  de  Essa  et  Galfridi  de  GraftonV     Several  other  Rolls 
are  similarly  headed 2. 

No.  2 1  begins  with  the  words : — '  Die  martis  in  festo  sancti 
Kalixti  pape  anno  Regni  Edwardi  [II]  filii  Regis  Edwardi  xiiii0 ;  A.D.  1320. 
Johannes  de  Buddeston'  et  Robertus  Lauranz  receperunt  cus- 
todiam  officii  Senescalli  Gylde  mercatorum  Totton'.' 

The  entries  in  Rolls  16-26  are  quite  similar  to  those  in  Roll  15, 
from  which  extracts  have  been  already  given.  The  parties  named 
enter  the  Gild  and  generally  produce  pledges  to  observe  the 
laws.  They  frequently  pay  both  a  '  fordele '  and  a  fine,  but  the 
former  term  gradually  disappears.  Admissions  to  the  Gild  were 
by  purchase,  gift  or  inheritance. 

Subjoined  is  an  abstract  of  No.  27,  which,  being  a  record  of 
the  proceedings  at  a  Gild  court,  is  particularly  interesting  : — 

*  Curia    Communitatis   Guide   Mercatorum   ibidem   tenta   die  Totton'. 
Martis  proxima  post  festum   Sancti  Matthie  Anno  regni  regis  A.D.  1331. 
Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu  quinto. 

Willielmus  Calwe  in  misericordia,  quia  vtitur  vnum  bussellum  misericordia 
straminis  qui  non  est  de  Assisa. 

Ricardus  Olderene  in  misericordia,  quia  cooperuit  Walterum 
de  Wyke  sub  libertate  sua  de  vendicione  et  empcione  suis  mer-  misericordia 
candisarum  contra  formam  libertatis,  etc. 

Walterus  de  Stonhalle  dat  Communitati  vi.d.  pro  libertate  ha-  finis  v\.d. 
benda  emendi  et  vendendi  Coria  et  Pelles,  quia  est  de  libertate 
Exon'  et  hie  prius  non  talliavit  ad  libertatem,  etc.' 

There  are  twelve  more  entries  on  this  Roll,  similar  in  tenor  to 

1  See  above,  p.  235. 

2  For  example,  Numbers  22,  25,  26. 


242  C&e  <$ilD  aijercfmnt 

TOTNES.  the  above,  most  of  them  being  fines  imposed  upon  persons  not  of 
the  liberty,  or  freedom,  for  trading  in  the  town,  or  upon  gildsmen 
for  'covering'  such  persons  under  colour  of  their  freedom1. 

Roll  28  is  headed  thus : — *  Curia  Communitatis  tenta  die 
Totton'.  martis  proxima  post  festum  sancti  luce  evangeliste  Anno  regni 
A.D.  1333.  regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu  septimo,  tempore  Galfridi  Scote- 
neala  et  Johannis  Gilbert,  tune  custodibus  (sic)  Gilde  Mercatorum.' 
It  contains  six  entries  of  fines  for  buying  or  selling  c  contra  liber- 
tatem.' Benedict  Diuyet  and  Lucy,  his  wife,  are  amerced  6d.  for 
baking  bread  and  selling  it  contrary  to  the  liberty.  Matthew  Sor 
is  fined  $d.  for  buying  green  lambskins  contrary  to  the  liberty. 
Wm.  Prage  is  fined  6d.  for  selling  a  cask  of  cider  contrary  to  the 
liberty,  without  licence;  John  Paris,  $d.  for  the  same  offence. 
Katherine  Person  is  amerced  3^.,  because  she  brews  beer  and 
sells  it  contrary  to  the  liberty.  There  are  also  many  entries 
of  admissions  into  the  liberty,  or  freedom  ('intravit  libertatem 
Totton', '  or  *  intravit  libertatem  communitatis  Totton' ') 2.  In 
some  cases  *  Dat  pro  vino '  occurs,  perhaps  in  place  of  the  ancient 
1  fordele.' 

Roll  29  is  a  record  of  the  '  Curia  Communitatis  Totton' ' 
held  in  the  seventh  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Edward,  son  of 
King  Edward.  It  contains  amerciaments  for  various  offences,  but 
no  entries  of  admissions 3. 

The  other  Rolls  at  Totnes  (Numbers  3I-48)4,  extending  with 
many  gaps  from  7  Henry  IV  into  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII,  con- 
tain the  acts  of  the  Mayor's  Law  Court  ('curia  legalis  Maioris,' 
*  curia  legalis,'  or  '  curia  Maioris ').  The  business  transacted  is  of 
a  very  miscellaneous  character  5.  The  Gild  is  rarely  mentioned, 
except  in  connection  with  admission  to  the  freedom,  and  even 
these  entries  become  less  and  less  frequent.  To  most  of  the 
Rolls  is  annexed  a  long  strip  of  parchment  ('  Rotulus  libere 

1  For  another  extract  from  this  Roll,  see  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1872,  p.  344.     It 
relates  to  the  selling  of  candles  by  a  weight  not  in  accordance  with  the  assize. 

2  Some  of  these  are  given  in  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1872,  p.  344. 

3  Ibid.,  p.  343,  has  an  abstract  in  English. 

*  Numbers  30,  39  and  45  were  not  to  be  found  when  I  was  at  Totnes. 

*  Extracts  are  given  by  Riley  in  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1872,  pp.  344-346. 


proofs  anD  3[ilustration&  243 

assise '),  containing  the  names  of  those  assessed,  in  many  cases  TOTNES. 
doubtless  for  the  payment  of  the  King's  fifteenths  or  tenths. 

The  following  brief  abstract  of  No.  31  will  illustrate  the  general 
form  of  these  later  Rolls  : — 

*  Curia  legalis  Maioris  tenta  ibidem  die  martis  proxima  post  Totteneyse. 
festum  sancti  luce  Evangeliste  Anno  regni  regis  Henrici  quarti  A.D.  1405. 
Septimo. 

xii.  pro  Rege  [12  names.] 

( [The  names  of  many  'custodes,'  i.  e.  wardens  of  various 

Officiarii         churches,  markets  and  wells,  bridge-wardens,  swine- 
(     wardens,  etc.] 

Idem  dicunt  ...  [a  person  fined  for  occupying  the  Gild  Mer- 
chant after  having  been  expelled  from  it.  Admissions  into  the 
Gild,  etc.,  etc.] '  Sewed  to  this  membrane  is  a  narrower  and 
longer  one  entitled,  '  Rotulus  libere  Assise  tempore  Willielmi 
Empyngham  Maioris  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  quarti  septimo.' 
It  contains  about  125  names,  with  sums  varying  from  ob.  to  iv.  d. 
opposite  the  same. 

Among  other  ordinances  made  at  the  Mayor's  Court,  28  Henry 
VI,  it  is  enacted  that  no  one  shall  carry  the  mace  before  the 
Mayor,  unless  he  is  a  member  of  the  Gild  Merchant. 

Some  of  the  latest  entries  concerning  the  Gild  are  to  be  found 
in  No.  45  ('  Curia  legalis  Maioris,'  10  Edward  IV),  where  several 
admissions  into  the  Fraternity  are  recorded,  for  example,  *  ad  hanc 
curiam  Henricus  M.  ingressus  est  Gildam  mercatorum,'  etc. 

The  term  Gild  Merchant  continued  to  be  used  in  the  oath  for 
burgesses  of  Totnes  down  to  1835  : — 

'  You  shall  true  liegeman  be  and  true  faith  bear  to  our  Sove- 
reign .  .  .  Heirs  and  lawful  Successors,  Kings  or  Queens  of  this 
Realm,  and  also  shall  be  obedient  to  Mr.  Mayor  of  this  Town 
and  his  successors,  in  as  much  as  you  are  accepted  and  taken  into 
the  Fraternity  and  Brotherhood  of  the  Freedom  and  Gild  Mer- 
chant of  this  Town.  You  shall  come  at  all  times  at  Mr.  Mayor's 
commandment  and  calling  (except  you  have  great  and  urgent 
business  to  the  contrary),  and  him  shall  assist  and  aid  to  your 
powers.  The  common  council  of  the  Mayor  and  Burgesses 

R  2 


244  Cfce  ®ilD  sgjercfcant 

TOTNES.  which  is  to  be  kept,  you  shall  keep,  and  no  man  under  you  to 
cover  in  occupying  any  parcel  of  the  liberty  of  the  said  freedom, 
or  Gild  Merchant.  These  and  all  other  things  which  a  Freeman 
ought  to  do,  observe  and  perform  concerning  his  freedom  and 
the  liberties  of  this  Town,  you  shall  well  and  truly  do,  observe  and 
perform  as  near  as  you  can.  So  help  you  God  '.' 


WALLINGFOBD  2. 

*  Henricus  [II]  Dei  gratia  Rex  Anglic  .  .  .  Precipio  vobis  ut 
Burgenses  mei  de  Wallingeford'  firmam  pacem  meam  habeant  per 
totam  terram  meam  Anglie  et  Normannie,  ubicunque  sint.  Et 
sciatis  me  dedisse  et  concessisse  eis  imperpetuum  libertates  et 
leges  suas  omnes  et  consuetudines  bene  et  honorifice,  sicut  melius 
et  honorabilius  eas  habuerunt  tempore  Edwardi  regis,  et  tempore 
attavi  mei  Regis  Willielmi  et  ejus  filii,  alterius  Regis  Willielmi,  et 
tempore  Henrici  Regis  avi  mei,  scilicet,  Gildam  mercatoriam  cum 
omnibus  consuetudinibus  et  legibus  suis  libere  habeant,  ne  prepo- 
situs  meus  vel  aliqua  Justicia  mea  de  Gilda  eorum  se  intromittat 
nisi  proprie  Aldermannus  et  Minister  eorum.  Et  si  Ministri  mei 
vel  aliqua  Justicia  aliquo  placito  vel  occasione  calumpniaverit 
illos,  vel  in  causam  ducere  voluerit,  prohibeo  et  precipio  ne  ullo 
modo  respondeant  nisi  illorum  proprio  portimoto.  Et  si  ipse  pre- 
positus  eos  aliqua  occasione  sine  calumpniatore  implacitaverit, 
non  respondeant.  Et  si  aliquo  forisfacto  vel  recto  judicio  aliquis 
eorum  forisfactus  fuerit  per  rectam  considerationem  burgensium, 
erga  prepositum  illud  emendet.  Prohibeo  etiam  et  precipio  ne 
aliquod  mercatum  sit  in  Craumersa 3  nee  mercator  aliquis,  nisi  sit 
in  Gilda  mercatorum;  et  si  aliquis  exierit  de  Burgo4  Walingford', 
et  vivat  de  mercato  ipsius  Walingford',  precipio  ut  rectum  Gilde 

1  Devon.  Assoc.,  xii.  188. 

2  For  the  history  of  this  Gild  see  Hedges,  Wallingford,  i.  277-279,  ii.  232- 
239  ;  Merew.  and  Stephens,  116-119. 

3  Foedera,  i.  471,  and  MS.  Cotton  Claudius  D.  ii.,  130  b.,  which  contain  a 
copy  of  this  charter,  have  '  universa  '  instead  of '  Craumersa.' 

*  '  Burgensibus '  in  MS.  Cotton. 


proofs  anti  illustrations*  245 

mercatorum  faciat  ipsis  Burgensibus,  ubicunque  sit  infra  burgum  WALLINGFORD, 
vel  extra.  Sciatis  preterea  me  dedisse  et  concessisse  imperpetuum 
omnibus  hominibus  Walingford'  plenam  quietanciam  de  annuo 
Gablio  meo,  quod  solebant  reddere  de  Burgo  Walingford'  de  eo, 
scilicet,  quod  ad  me  pertinet  in  Burgo.  Has  leges  et  consuetu- 
dines  et  libertates  et  quietancias  omnes  dono  eis  et  concede  im- 
perpetuum, et  alias  omnes  quas  poterunt  ostendere  antecessores 
suos  habuisse  libere,  quiete  et  honorifice,  sicut  cives  mei  Winton' 
melius  unquam  habuerunt;  et  hoc  pro  servicio  et  labore  magno 
quern  pro  me  sustinuerunt  in  acquisitione  hereditarii  juris  mei  in 
Anglia.  Concede  etiam  eis  quod  ubicunque  ierint  in  mercationi- 
bus  suis  per  totam  terram  meam  Anglie  et  Normannie,  Aqui- 
tanie  et  Andegavie,  by  Water  and  by  stronde,  by  Wode  and  by 
londe,  quieti  sint  de  tolneio  et  passagio  et  omnibus  consuetudini- 
bus  et  exactionibus ;  nee  super  hoc  ab  aliquo  inquietentur  super 
forisfacturam  decem  librarum.  Prohibeo  etiam  et  precipio  super 
eandem  forisfacturam  ne  prepositus  Walingford'  scotaliam  faciat 
et  ne  geresgiviam  ab  aliquo  querat,  et  quod  nullam  consuetu- 
dinem  in  Walingford'  statuat  que  noceat  Burgensibus  ville. 
Hujus  donacionis  et  concessionis  testes  sunt  Tebaldus  Archi- 
episcopus  Cantuariensis  et  alii.  Data  apud  Oxeneford'  primo 
Idus  Januarii.'  This  charter  was  inspected  and  confirmed  by 
Henry  III  in  the  5ist  year  of  his  reign. — (Foedera,  i.  471 ;  Record  A.D.  1267. 
Office ',  Charter  Roll  $\  Hen.  Ill,  mem.  9;  Hedges ',  Wallingford^ 
i.  270.) 

There  are  various  Rolls  of  the  time  of  Henry  III  and  Ed- 
ward I  which  seem  to  have  belonged  to  the  Gild,  though  the 
latter  is  not  mentioned.  The  oldest  is  of  the  year  1227  and  con- 
tains a  list,  under  companies  representing  trades,  of  persons  con- 
tributing to  a  certain  assessment.  The  title  of  this  Roll  is, — 
'  Rotulus  pactionariorum  in  Walengford',  anno  regni  Regis 
Henrici,  filii  Regis  Johannis  ximo,  Adrea  filio  Godwini  et 
Waltero  M.,  Prepositis.'  The  payments  vary  from  id.  to  4*.  The 
first  29  names  have  no  trade  set  against  them  as  a  class.  Then 
follow  34  'Sutores';  17  'Wantiers'  (Glovers);  44  'Mercenarii' 
(Mercers);  7  'Ferrones';  12  'Fabri';  10  Carpenters,  including 


246 

WALLINGFORD.  Wheelers  and  Coopers;  4  Weavers;  5  Fullers;  and  17  Bakers1. 
On  the  reverse  of  the  Roll  appear  the  names  of  the  Foreigners 
('  Forenses '),  many,  to  judge  from  their  names,  being  inhabitants 
of  adjoining  villages,  such  as  Craumerse,  Dorchester,  etc.  The 
Roll  closes  with  1 2  '  Foeminae  forenses.'  The  other  Rolls  are  of 
a  similar  character.  That  of  14  John  gives,  after  the  '  forenses,' 
a  list  of  those  in  Craumerse  paying  contributions,  which  were  on  a 
smaller  scale  than  those  of  persons  from  a  greater  distance.  This 
Roll  also  enumerates  12  'Carnifices'  and  5  'Bolteres'  (probably 
Millers).  In  some  of  the  later  Rolls  the  contributors  from  neigh- 
bouring towns  are  called  '  Foreign  Covenanters,'  '  Conventionarii 
forinceci.' — (Rep.  MS.  Com.  1877,  pp.  576-579.) 

There  are  brief  references  to  the  Gild  in  many  deeds  of  the  i3th 
and  i4th  centuries.  In  the  year  42  Henry  III,  Alexander  Dublet, 
Mayor  of  Wallingford,  and  the  Gildans  of  the  town  lend  to 
Nicholas  de  Stalles  6o.r.  (Ibid.,  589.)  In  a  parchment  deed  of 
about  the  same  date  Richard  the  Cook,  son  of  Andrew  the  Cook, 
grants  to  the  Alderman  and  Gildans  of  the  Gild  of  the  town  28^. 
of  yearly  rent  from  a  certain  messuage,  for  2$s.  prepaid.  There 
are  two  other  deeds  very  similar  to  this,  temp.  Edward  I.  (Ibid., 
585,  588.)  In  the  year  18  Edward  I,  Bartholomew  de  Shire- 
burne  grants  to  Thomas  Hitone  of  Chauseye,  Mayor  of  Walling- 
ford, Wm.  de  la  Wike,  Ralph  Boueye,  John  Orfeure,  Aldermen, 
and  the  Gildans  of  the  burgh  a  certain  tenement  for  2  marks. 
(Ibid.,  590.)  Temp.  Edward  I,  Thomas  Saleman  of  Wallingford 
bestows  upon  the  Alderman  and  Gildans  of  the  town  6d.  of 
yearly  rent,  they  having  granted  him  admission  to  the  freedom 
(*  ingressum  libertatis ')  of  Wallingford.  There  are  two  more 
deeds  similar  to  this  of  about  the  same  date.  (Ibid.,  587.)  In 
the  same  reign  John  de  Pulham,  Taverner,  gives  John  de  Luches, 
Mayor,  and  the  community  of  Wallingford,  for  having  freedom  of 
the  Gild  for  life,  6d.  of  yearly  rent.  (Ibid.,  588.)  In  the  year 
4  Edward  II,  William,  son  of  Ernald  Boneface  of  Wallingford, 
transfers  to  the  community  of  the  said  burgh  6d.  of  yearly  rent 

1  A  portion  of  the  Roll,  containing  the  names  of  Fishermen  and  others,  has 
been  cut  away. 


anD  3[Hitstratfon&          247 

from  a  tenement,  in  return  for  which  the  said  community  has  WALLINGFORD. 
admitted  the  said  William  as  a  burgess  and  brother  ('  confratrem '), 
it  being  in  the  time  of  John  Maryot,  Mayor,  Osbert  de  Notele, 
Simon  de  Heyworth  and  Ralph  le  Taverner,  Aldermen.     (Ibid.^ 

592.) 

During  the  reign  of  Henry  IV,  besides  the  Burghmote,  the 
Portmote,  the  Piepowder  and  View  of  Frankpledge,  there  was 
held  a  Court  of  the  Aldermen  of  the  Gild,  who  granted  the  free- 
dom of  the  borough  on  receiving  small  annual  sums  as  the 
purchase  money  for  the  privilege. — (Hedges,  ii.  36.) 

In  the  year  15  Charles  II  letters  patent  were  granted  to  the  A.D.  1663. 
borough  whereby  it  was  empowered  to  establish  a  society,  gild,  or 
fraternity,  of  one  master  and  two  wardens  of  any  art,  mystery,  or 
occupation.  c  20  Sept.,  1667.  At  a  court  held  this  day,  after  reciting 
that  the  king  had  conferred  on  the  borough  a  charter,  granting  large 
privileges,  and  among  them  the  privilege  of  establishing  a  society, 
gild,  or  fraternity,  of  one  master  and  two  wardens,  the  mayor, 
burgesses  and  commonalty,  at  the  request  of  divers  tradesmen 
and  for  the  advancement  of  trade  within  the  borough,  did  create 
and  establish  the  said  gild  accordingly,  to  be  one  body  corporate, 
politique  and  corporate,  with  succession  for  ever.'  The  mayor 
for  the  time  being  was  empowered  to  amove  and  depose  the 
master  and  wardens  on  any  lawful  occasion. — (Hedges,  ii.  234- 

235-) 

Three  months  afterwards,  in  order  to  prevent  divers  foreigners 
from  defrauding  the  ancient  liberties  and  customs  of  the  town  by 
putting  to  sale  their  wares  by  subtle  means,  it  was  ordained  that 
no  person,  not  being  a  freeman,  shall  sell  any  wares  by  retail 
within  the  borough  or  use  any  trade  or  handicraft  therein,  under 
a  penalty  of  2os.  for  every  offence.  In  1681  fines  from  405-.  to 
£  1 5  were  imposed  upon  various  persons  *  for  trading,  not  being  a 
freeman.' — (Hedges,  ii.  235-236.) 

New  ordinances  were  made  against  any  infringement  of  the 
trade  monopoly,  but,  these  proving  ineffectual,  the  Gild  was  re- 
vived under  the  letters  patent  of  Charles  II.  'At  a  common 
council  held  on  the  2oth  of  Sept.,  1701,  the  mayor,  burgesses 


248 

WALLINGFORD.  and  commonalty  ordained  that  all  persons  who  were  then  using 
or  should  thereafter  use  any  art,  mystery  or  occupation  in  the 
borough  or  the  liberties  thereof,  should  be  a  body  corporate, 
guild,  or  fraternity,  by  the  name  of  the  master,  wardens  and 
assistants  of  every  art,  mystery  and  occupation  used  in  the 
borough  and  liberties  thereof,  and  have  succession  and  a  com- 
mon seal.  Anthony  Leaver  was  appointed  master.'  In  1703 
this  ordinance  was  made  void  on  the  ground  that  it  was  pre- 
judicial to  the  common  weal  and  good  government  'of  us  the 
said  mayor,  burgesses  and  commonalty.'  There  was,  however,  a 
reservation,  whereby  the  income  to  be  derived  from  fines  on 
being  made  free,  etc.  was  maintained. — (Hedges,  ii.  237.) 

WALSALL. 

1  In  the  1 5th  century  the  crafts  of  the  town  formed  themselves 
into  a  gild,  at  the  head  of  which  were  three  wardens,  who  exer- 
cised considerable  control  over  the  trade  of  the  town.' — (Munic. 
Corp.  Com.  1835,  P-  2046.) 

In  1440  various  laws  were  made  '  for  the  gode  rule  and  govern- 
aunce  of  the  towne  of  Walsall' : — 

'  I. — First,  we  ordeyne  and  stablysshe  all  thies  articles  hereafter 
folowying,  that  is  to  say,  after  eny  chosyng  of  'eny  Masters  of  the 
Gylde,  that  these  articles  shalbe  rehersed  in  the  counsell  chamber 
before  them  which  be  so  chosen  for  the  tyme  beynge,  to  the 
entent  that  they  shall  not  fayle  to  kepe  and  folowe  the  goode  rule 
and  governaunce  which  be  conteyned  in  the  seyd  ordynance,  for 
the  welth  and  profyt  of  the  seyd  Gylde,  and  in  eschuying  of  such 
grete  mysorder  and  inconvenyence  as  here  of  late  hathe  fortuned 
and  happenyd.  And  also  in  lykewise  at  eny  Mychelmas  Courte 
when  the  Mayer,  Bayly,  Constable  and  Sergeaunt  be  chosen,  alle 
the  articles  which  concern  the  good  rule  and  governaunce  of  the 
Boroughe,  to  be  rehersed  by  the  olde  Mayer  and  his  brethern 
before,  and  to,  the  newe  Mayer,  Bayley,  Constable  and  Sergeaunt, 
for  the  good  contynuence  of  gode  rule  and  governaunce  of  the 
Boroughe,  to  be  had  and  used  all  the  yere  after. 


proofs  ami  ^lustrations,  249 

II. — Also  it  is  ordeyned  and  stablyshed  that  the  Mayer,  Masters  WALSALL. 
of  the  Gylde,  Constable  and  Sergeaunte  shalbe  openly  sworne 
upon  a  prymer  or  the  holy  Evangelist,  to  obserue,  fulfil  and  kepe 
these  articles  folowying;  and  in  as  moche  as  in  them  lyethe,  to 
cause  alle  othyr  of  the  Boroughe  to  kepe  and  obserue  the  same 
articles. 

XV. — Also  it  is  ordeyned,  stablyshed  and  aggreed  that  the 
Masters  of  Saynt  John's  Gylde,  the  Mayer  and  Wardens,  shall 
not  make  gift  or  graunt  of  eny  donacion  of  eny  Chantrey,  nor  lese 
or  lettyng  of  eny  lyvelode  belongyng  to  the  said  Gyldes,  withoute 
the  assent  of  the  xxiiii.,  or  the  more  part  of  the  best  and  sadest  of 
them.  And  also  that  none  of  the  xxiiii.,  nor  none  within  the 
Towne  and  dwellyng  shall  make  eny  labour  or  sute  to  eny  of  the 
patrons  for  eny  donacion  of  eny  of  the  said  Chantrees  withoute  the 
assent  and  consent  of  the  Masters  of  the  Gylde  and  the  more  part 
of  the  xxiiii. 

XVII. — Also  it  is  ordeyned  that  yerely  when  eny  Masters  of  the 
Gylde  shalbe  chosen  after  the  Gylde  fest,  accordyng  to  the  olde 
custome,  that  then  the  olde  Masters  of  the  Gylde  shall  by  byll 
indented  and  trip[ar]tite,  imediately  after  the  said  election,  delyver 
to  the  newe  Masters  alle  the  money,  plate,  jewels  and  evydences, 
and  alle  other  stuff  that  belongeth  to  theyr  kepyng  and  to  the 
said  Gylde,  so  that  it  may  be  knowen  with  what  thynges  the  newe 
Masters  shall  be  charged  with  at  theyr  incomyng  and  at  theyr 
accompte  makyng,  and  the  one  byll  to  remayne  with  the  newe 
Masters,  and  [the]  other  with  the  olde  Masters,  and  the  iii[rd]  in 
Saynt  John's  Gofer. 

XX. — Also  it  is  ordeyned  for  the  more  suertye  and  saufgard  of 
the  tresure  of  the  said  Gylde,  that  there  be  iiii.  keys  of  the  tresor 
coffer  belongyng  to  Saynt  John,  and  that  the  Masters  of  the 
Gylde  shall  haue  one  of  the  grete  keyes  in  kepyng,  the  Mayer 
shall  haue  the  kepyng  of  one  of  the  lytel  keyes,  and,  in  his  ab- 
sence, the  Constable  and  one  of  the  sadest  and  weldesposed  Prest 


250  €&e  <$ilD  egjerclmnt, 

WALSALL.  of  Saynt  John's  Gylde,  that  shalbe  assigned  by  the  Mayer  and 
Masters  of  the  Gylde  for  the  tyme  being,  to  have  the  kepyng 
of  the  other  small  keye,  so  that  nother  one  of  thies  persones,  ne 
no  other  shall  open  the  said  Coffer,  withe  oute  the  consent  and 
assent  of  alle  the  other.  And  also  it  is  ordeyned  that  the  sayd 
iiii.  persones  that  be  lymyted  to  the  kepyng  of  the  said  iiii.  keyes 
shall  not  open  the  same  Gofer  withoute  the  presence  of  iiii.  or  v. 
or  more  of  the  most  honest  brethern  of  the  said  Gylde,  beynge  of 
the  xxiiii.  .  .  .  And  that  alle  theyre  keyes  be  brought  forthe  at 
alle  tymes  when  it  shalbe  thoughte  necessary  by  the  Masters  of  the 
Gylde  and  the  Mayer.' 

XXI.  relates  to  the  chantreys  and   coffer  of  'cure   Ladye's 
Gylde.' — (Glew,  History \  etc.  of  Walsall,  100-107.) 


WEXPOBD. 

.1317.  Aymer  of  Valencia,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  in  his  charter  of  1 1  Ed- 
ward II,  granted  to  the  burgesses  of  Wexford,  among  other  liber- 
ties :  — '  Nulli  mercatori  extraneo  liceat  decisionem  pannorum 
facere,  vel  Tabernam  vinorum  vel  aliorum  mercimoniorum  habere, 
in  villa  de  Weiseford  nisi  ex  consensu  Superioris  et  communitatis 

ville  predicte,  nisi   fuerit  burgensis  ibidem Liceat  etiam 

eisdem  burgensibus  Gildam  mercatoriam  et  alias  Gildas  habere  et 
Scotenos  suos  cum  omni  libertate  ad  illos  spectante,  sicut  consue- 
tudo  est  aliarum  bonarum  villarum.' — (Chartae  Hiberniae,  47 ; 
Munic.  Corp.  Com.,  1835,  Ireland,  p.  621.) 

A  charter  of  7  James  I  contains  the  following : — The  said  town 
shall  be  a  free  borough  corporate  by  itself.  ....  The  mayor  shall 
be  a  justice  of  the  peace The  town  to  have  a  Gild  of  mer- 
chants and  other  gilds  or  fraternities  within  the  borough ;  and 
that  no  one  who  may  not  be  of  the  Gild  shall  sell  within  the  said 
borough  unless  at  the  pleasure  of  the  mayor,  bailiffs,  free  burgesses 
and  commonalty  of  the  same,  and  that  they  may  be  able  to  divide 
themselves  into  different  gilds  or  fraternities  according  to  their 

several  arts  and  mysteries [a  weekly  court,  fairs   and 

markets.]     And  that  there  may  be  a  Gild  of  the  merchants  of  the 


proofs  ant)  3[llustration&  251 

staple  within  the  borough  consisting  of  one  mayor,  two  constables  WEXFORD. 
and  such  number  of  the  merchants  of  the  town  or  borough  as  the 
said  mayor  and  constables  of  the  Gild  may  deem  expedient ;  and 
that  the  offices  of  mayor  and  constables  of  the  staple  be  annual ; 
and  that  the  mayor  of  the  borough  for  the  preceding  year  be  for- 
ever mayor  of  the  said  Gild  of  merchants  for  one  year  then  next 
following  and  not  more ;  and  that  the  bailiffs  of  the  borough  for 
the  year  preceding  be  forever  constables  of  the  same  Gild  for  one 
year  next  following  and  not  more ;  and  that  the  mayor  and  con- 
stables of  the  said  Gild  for  the  time  being  forever  may  have  full 
power  from  time  to  time  to  take  and  thereupon  to  certify  all  and 
singular  statutes  and  recognisances  of  the  staple  taken  within  the 
borough. — (Munic.  Corp.  Com.,  1836,  Irel.,  622-623  ;  Merew.  and 
Stephens,  p.  1619.) 

WILTON. 

1  Henricus  [I]  Rex  Anglie  Justiciariis  et  Vicecomitibus  et  Baro- 
nibus  et  ministris,  etc.  Precipio  quod  Burgenses  mei  Wiltonie  de 
Gilda  mercatoria  et  Consuetudine  mea  Wiltonie  habeant  omnes 
quietantias  et  libertates  de  Teloneo  et  Passagio  et  omni  Consue- 
tudine, ita  bene  et  plene  sicut  burgenses  mei  Lundun'  et  Winton' 
melius  et  liberius  habeant.  Et  si  aliquis  eis  super  hoc  inde  in- 
juriam  et  contumeliam  faciat,  Justiciarii  mei  et  Vicecomites  faciant 
eis  eas  consuetudines  suas  habere ;  ne  super  hoc  injuste  eos  dis- 
turbent  super  x.  //.  forisfacturam.' — (Hoare,  Modern  Wilts.,  vi.  33.) 

Henry  II  and  John  granted  the  burgesses  charters  in  almost 
the  same  words  as  the  above. — (Arch.  Assoc.,  Journal,  xvii.  311- 
312  ;  Rot.  Chart.,  125.) 

The  Gilds  at  Wilton  and  Salisbury  served  as  a  model  for  An- 
dover,  22  Henry  II1. 

"WINCHES  TEB. 

An  ancient  tablet  at  Winchester,  which  begins  by  ascribing  the 
foundation  of  the  city  to  Ludor  Rouse  Hudibras,  a  descendant  of 

1  Above,  p.  3  ;  Madox,  Firma  Burgi,  27. 


252 

WINCHESTER.  Brute,  99  years  before  the  first  building  of  Rome,  has  the  follow- 
ing inscription  :  — '  The  Guild  of  Merchants  here  tempore  king 
Ethelwald,  anno  96  *,  first  confederate.' — (Milner,  Winch.)  ii. 
249-250.) 

Milner  says  :  '  It  was  in  the  latter  end  of  this  reign,  viz.  in  the 
year  856,  that,  its  trade  and  commerce  flourishing  exceedingly, 
our  principal  citizens  formed  themselves,  under  the  royal  protec- 
tion, into  a  society,  called  a  guild,  being  the  first  association  of  this 
nature,  by  the  space  of  a  whole  century,  recorded  in  history.  Thus 
early  were  the  foundations  laid  of  this  primitive  corporation.' — 
(Hist,  of  Winch.,  i.  121.)  Milner  refers  to  Trussel's  MS.  as  his 
authority  for  the  above,  but  the  latter  distinctly  affirms  (fol.  73), 
'  the  origen  of  [this]  corporacon  I  could  neuer  yet  haue  the  happy- 
nes  to  find  V  And  yet  Milner's  unfounded  statement  has  been 
reiterated  by  many  writers ;  and  various  pregnant  inferences  as  to 
the  prevalence  of  the  Gild  Merchant  in  England  before  the  Nor- 
man Conquest,  have  been  based  upon  it 3.  This,  for  example,  is 
Thompson's  sole  source  for  the  assertion  that  '  in  England  in  most 
of  the  ancient  boroughs,  Merchant  Guilds  were  established  in  the 
Saxon  period.' — (Munic.  Hist.,  13.) 

'  Henricus  [II]  rex  Angliae,  dux  Normanniae  et  Aquitaniae, 
comes  Andegaviae,  archiepiscopis,  episcopis,  abbatibus,  comitibus, 
vicecomitibus,  et  omnibus  fidelibus  suis  Francis  et  Anglis,  et 
Ministris  totius  Angliae  et  omnium  portuum  maris  salutem. 
Precipio  quod  cives  mei  Winton'  de  gilda  mercatorum  cum 
omnibus  rebus  suis  sint  quieti  de  omni  thelonio,  passagio  et  con- 
suetudine.  Et  nullus  super  hoc  eos  disturbet,  neque  injuriam 
neque  contumeliam  eis  faciat  super  forisfacturam  meam.  His 
testibus,  Tho.  Cancell. ;  Com.  Reg. ;  Com.  Gloec. ;  Ric.  de  Hu- 
met,  Constab. ;  Gar.  fil.  Giroldi,  Camerario ;  Will.  fil.  Ham. ;  Joe. 
Baillot.'— (Stubbs,  Charters,  158.) 

1  Milner,  in  a  note,  says  '  Read  856.' 

2  Woodward,  Hampshire,  i.  266.     Trussel's  MS.  was  written  circa  1640, 
— Salisbury  and  Winchester  Journal,  July  26,  1884. 

3  Bramston  and  Leroy,  Winch.,  15;   Ball,  Winch.,  n  ;    Thompson,  Munic. 
Hist.,  35;  Owen  and  Blakeway,  Shrewsb.,   i.   101.     Milner  even  states  that 
Trussel  was  'a  very  indifferent  critic,' — Hist.'  of  Winch.,  ii.  252. 


ant)  ^lustrations,  253 

'  Johannes  Dei  gratia  Rex  Anglie,  etc.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  WINCHESTER. 
et  hac  carta  nostra  confirmasse  civibus  nostris  Winton',  pro  fideli 
servicio  suo  et  heredibus  eorum,  quod  monetaria  nostra  et  escam- 
bium  nostrum  monete  nostre  inperpetuum  sint  in  civitate  nostra 
Winton'  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  ad  monetariam  nostram  et  es- 
cambium  nostrum  monete  nostre  pertinentibus ;  et  quod  habeant 
sedem  duorum  molendinorum  infra  eandem  civitatem  apud  Cor- 
tebir'1  ad  emendacionem  ejusdem  civitatis.  Concessimus  etiam 
eisdem  civibus  nostris  et  heredibus  eorum  inperpetuum  quod 
nullus  eorum  per  aliquem  distringatur  extra  eandem  civitatem  ad 
reddendum  alicui  debitum  aliquod  un[de]  non  sit  capitalis  debitor 
vel  plegius ;  et  preterea  concessimus  et  carta  nostra  confirmavimus 
eisdem  civibus  nostris  et  heredibus  eorum  quod  nullus  eorum  qui 
fuerit  infra  gildam  mercatoriam  placitet  extra  muros  civitatis 
Winton'  de  ullo  placito  preter  placita  de  tenuris  exterioribus,  ex- 
ceptis  monetariis  et  ministris  nostris.  Concessimus  etiam  eisdem 
quod  nullus  eorum  faciat  duellum  ;  et  quod  de  placitis  ad  coronam 
nostram  pertinentibus  se  possint  disrationare  secundum  antiquam 
consuetudinem  ejusdem  civitatis ;  et  quod  omnes  cives  ejusdem 
civitatis  Winton'  et  heredes  eorum  de  gilda  mercatoria  quieti  sint 
de  theloneo,  lestagio,  pontagio  et  passagio,  tarn  in  feria  quam 
extra,  et  per  omnes  portus  maris  omnium  terrarum  nostrarum,  tarn 
citra  mare  quam  ultra;  et  quod  nullus  de  misericordia  pecunie 

judicetur  nisi  secundum  antiquam  legem  ejusdem  civitatis 

Si  quis  autem  in  tota  terra  nostra  thelonium  vel  consuetudinem 
ab  hominibus  Winton'  de  gilda  mercatoria  ceperit,  postquam  ipse 
a  recto  defecerit,  vicecomes  Suhamton'  vel  prepositus  Winton' 
namium  apud  Winton'  inde  capiat.  Concessimus  insuper  eisdem 
ad  emendacionem  ejusdem  civitatis  quod  omnes  sint  quieti  de 
yeresgyeve  et  de  scothale,  ita  quod  nullus  vicecomes  noster  vel 

aliquis  alius  ballivus  scotalla  faciat  infra  eandem  civitatem 

anno  regni  nostri  decimo  septimo.' — (Rot.  Chart. ,  217.)  A.D.  1215. 

A  charter  of  i  Richard  I  also  mentions  the  Gild  in  connection 
with  the  same  two  clauses  as  the  charter  of  John.    The  latter 

1  I.e.  Coitebir'. 


254 

WINCHESTER,  was  confirmed  by  Henry  III,  Edward  I  and  Edward  II. — (Foe- 
dera,  i.  50-51  ;    Woodward,  Hampshire,  i.  271-272.) 

In  the  reign  of  Edward  I  (circa  1275),  a  dispute  arose  between 
the  Bishop  of  Winchester  and  the  citizens  of  that  town,  the  latter 
claiming  a  certain  street  which  the  former  had  appropriated  to 
himself.  In  the  'veredictum  xii.  juratorum'  we  find  the  following: 
— '  Et  quia  in  ilia  libertate  sic  appropriata  nichil  solvimt,  eo  quod 
ballivi  Winton'  non  habent  ingressum  in  illam  libertatem  ad  dis- 
trictiones  faciendas,  sicut  prius  facere  consueverunt,  fere  omnes 

* 

operarii  burellorum  et  chalonum  a  civitate  se  subtrahunt  et  ibi 
manent,  et  omnes  alii  tenentes  domini  episcopi  adeo  liberi  sunt 
sicut  alii  de  gilda  mercatoria,  ad  emendum  et  vendendum  omni- 
modas  mercandisas,  ad  magnum  damnum  civitatis  predicte,'  etc. 
— (A rchaeoL  Journal,  vii.  374,  383.) 

*  The  Old  Usages  of  Winchester' *  are  very  valuable  for  the  study 
of  the  crafts  and  other  municipal  institutions.  In  this  place  we 
can  give  only  such  brief  extracts  as  throw  light  upon  the  history 
of  the  Gild  Merchant : — 'Also,  no  man  ne  may  bygge  leper  grene 
ne  skyn  grene  in  pe  towun,  but  }if  he  be  of  fraunchyse,  vppeyne 
to  nyme  pat  good  to  pe  ferme  of  pe  town.  And  pulke  path  beth 
in  fraunchyse,  by  whom  hii  hem  mowe  bygge,  ne  shulle  hem  nowt 
wip-oupe  ]) e  fraunchyse  lede. 

Also,  no  man  out  of  fraunchyse,  of  what  craft  pat  he  be,  ne 
may  boupe  halde,  ne  bygge,  by-pynne  pe  power  of  pe  town. 

Also  whan  gaderynge  shal  be  arered  in  pe  Citee,  by  pe  kynges 
heste,  oper  for  commune  nedes  of  pe  towne,  sexe  godemen  shulde 
be  y-chose  by  pe  commune  grauntynge,  and  y-swore,  —  pre  of  pe 
foure  and  twenty,  and  pre  of  pe  commune, — to  gadery  pilke  talage 
and  vnderfonge,  and  trewleche  hit  spende  and  trewleche  a-countes 
jelde.  And  whanne  Mayre,  oper  baylyues,  oper  opere  godemen, 
gop  out  of  towne,  for  commune  profit  vp-on  J>e  commune  porse, 
so  J>ey  sholde,  at  here  a-}e  comynge,  jelde  trewe  a-counte  to  pilke 
sexe  a-fore  seyd,  by-powte  tary^ynge.  And  }if  eny  good  man  of 

1  Fourteenth  century, — English  Gilds,  363. 


proofs  ann  3[llu0trattons.  255 

J?e  town  leif>  his  good  to  }?e  commune  nede  of  f>e  town,  by  J?e  WINCHESTER. 
hondes  of  f>ese  sexe  y-swore  by-fore  y-seyd,  be  y-leued  by  score, 
of>er  by  f>ilke  selue  y-}olde. 

Also,  whanne  me  porveyde  gylde  chaffare,  me  shal,  by  commune 
a-sent,  by  f>e  maystres  of  )?e  towne,  a-spy}e  folke  f>fc  be  couenable 
and  of  good  loos,  and  gadere  f>at  ry$te  of  chepmen.  And  f»at 
euerych  of  hem  habbe  fowre  hynen  stalworthe,  of>er  mo,  and  felke 
f*  bef>  y-herborwed  in  foure  houses,  as  hii  ou^te  to  be  in  alle  tymes. 
And  whanne  me  haf>  wel  trewe  y-chaffared  in  lp e  foure  howses,  hii 
shulle  hem  a-sembly  for  to  y-se  f>*  hii  habbe]?  a-rered,  and  of  f>an 
f>at  hii  mowe  a-rere.  And  }if  }>*  eny  f>ing  ys  mysdoun,  by  com- 
mune assent  j?at  hit  be  a-mended.  And  $if  eny  hows  is  more 
worj>  fan  an  of»er,  be  hit  y-charched  to  hys  worf>y.  And  f>at 
seluer  )?*  shal  be  a-rered  of  j?ilke  hows  by-fore  y-seyd,  be  y-take 
to  sexe  godemen  by-fore  y-seyd  y-chose  and  y-swore,  for  )?e  com- 
mune assent,  and  treweleche  wetye,  and  trewleche  spende,  and 
treweleche  a-countes  jelde  to  godemen  of  Ipe  town  twy3es  by  f>e 
5ere,  by  score  ofer  by  scryt.' — (English  Gilds^  353-35 7.)  J 

The  following  is  an  older  version  (i3th  century),  which  throws 
much  light  upon  the  above  : — '  Derechef  nul  homme  ne  put 
acheter  quirs  verz  ne  peau  verte  en  la  vile,  si  il  ne  soit  de  fran- 
chise, sus  peine  de  perdre  le  avoir  a  la  ferme  de  la  vile.  E  ceus 
ke  sunt  en  franchise,  per  unt  il  les  pount  achater,  ne  les  deivent 
pas  verz  hors  de  la  franchise  mener. 

Derechef  nul  home  hors  de  franchise,  de  quel  mester  ke  il  soit, 
ne  pust  sende  tenir,  vendre  ne  akater  de  denz  le  poier  de  la  vile 
senz  gre  fesant  as  baillifs  de  la  vile. 

Derechef  quant  taillage  doit  estre  leve  en  la  cite  par  le  com- 
mandement  li  rois  [o]v  pur  commun  busung  de  la  vile,  sis  prodes- 
homes  deivent  estre  esleuz  per  commun  assent  e  jurez,  trois  des 
vint  e  quatre  e  trois  del  commun,  a  asser  eel  taillage  e  a  receivre 
e  a  leaument  despendre  e  leal  acunte  rendre.  E  quant  mere  v 
baillifs  v  autres  prodeshommes  vunt  hors  de  la  vile  pur  commun 

1  Cf.  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1877,  p.  602-603. 


256  c&e  ®ilD  flgjercfmnt 

WINCHESTER,  pru  sus  commun  burse,  si  deivent  a  lur  retourner  rendre  leal 
acunte  a  ceus  sis  avantdiz  sanz  delai.  E  si  aukim  prudome  de  la 
vile  preste  son  avoir  al  commun  busung  de  la  vile,  per  la  main  de 
ceus  sis  jurez  avandiz  soit  enprompte  per  taille  e  per  mesmes  ceus 
renduz. 

Derechef  kant  len  purvoit  bevere  [i.e.  boire]  gilde  markande,  len 
doit  per  commun  assent  par  les  mesters  de  la  vile  enquere  genz 
ke  covenable  soient  e  de  bone  fame  a  requiller  en  gilde  markande. 
E  ke  chescun  de  ceus  eit  en  chatel  quatre  libres  vaillant  v  plus. 
E  ceus  ke  si  serrunt  aquilliz  [i.e.  acueillis]  serunt  hlotez  a  quatre 
meisuns,  cume  soleient  estre  a  tuz  tens.  E  kant  len  avera  beu 
gilde  markande  1,  les  quatre  mesuns  soi  assemblerunt  a  voier  ce 
ke  il  averunt  leve  e  ce  ke  purrunt  lever.  E  si  trespas  iad  fet,  per 
commun  assent  soit  amende.  E  si  nule  mesun  vaille  plus  de 
autre,  soit  charge  a  sa  value.  E  ke  li  argent  ke  sera  leve  des 
quatre  mesuns  avantdiz  soit  bailie  as  sis  prodeshomes  avantdiz, 
esleuz  e  jurez  par  commun  assent  a  leaument  garder  e  leaument 
dispendre  e  leal  acunte  rendre  as  prudeshomes  de  la  vile  dous 
feiz  per  an  per  taille  v  per  escrit.' — (Archaeol.  Journal^  ix.  71-73.) 2 

A.D.  1265.  In  the  year  49  Henry  III  the  citizens  of  Winchester  and  the 
burgesses  of  Southampton  entered  into  a  composition  : — '  quod  de 
cetero  nee  apud  Wynton'  de  hominibus  de  libertate  Suthampton', 
nee  apud  Suthampton'  de  hominibus  de  Gylda  mercatoria  Wynton', 
aliqua  consuetude  exigatur,  nisi  solomodo  tronagium  siue  pe- 
sagium,  cum  accident.' — (Black  Book  of  Winch.*  21  ft.) 

1  Cf.  Liber  Wint on.,  Domesday  Book,  iv.  556: — '  ubi  probi  homines  pota- 
bant  Gildam  suam.' 

2  This  version  was  unknown  to   the  editor  of  'English    Gilds'   ('Engl. 
Gilds,'  p.  xlvi).       His  interpretation  of  '  gylde  chaffare '  as  a  '  Gild-sale '  is 
manifestly  erroneous.      It  was  simply  a  peculiar  mode  of  raising  money  by  an 
assessment   of  the  merchants  ('gadere  ]>at  ryste  of  chepmen').      While  the 
business  was  being  transacted,  they  drank  and  feasted.     Hence  the  peculiar  ex- 
pression in  the  text  '  to  drink  the  gild  merchant.'     A  similar  phrase  was  used  in 
Germany :  '  Die  kaufleute  und  Gewandschneider  tranken  die  Gilde,'  '  Celebrata 
fuit  gulda  et  perfortiter  bibita,' — L.  Goetze,  Gesch.  der  Stadt  Stendal,  Stendal 
1873,  P-  105. 

3  This  MS.  is  in  the  British  Museum,  Addit.  6036,  a  folio  on  vellum  in 
various  hands,  containing  contemporary  copies  of  the  acts  and  proceedings  of 


Proofs  anD  ^lustrations*          257 

The  following  was  the  oath  for  those  entering  the  Gild  Merchant  WINCHESTER. 
of  Winchester,  temp.  Henry  IV: — 'Juramentum  pro  hominibus  in- 
trantibus  in  Gilda  Mercatoria  genuflectando  dicentibus  :  Y  schal 
be  hool  man  &  trewe  to  the  kyng  of  Englond  &  to  hys  heyrs  and 
to  the  cite  of  Wynchestr',  and  I  schal  bere  alle  charges  *  &  offices  *  l 
&  paye  alle  talages  of  that  cite  to  me  yset  wyth  al  my  pouwer ; 
and  y  schal  neuer  plede  man  of  that  cite  yn  no  temporal  curt  bute 
yn  the  curt  of  the  same  [cite],  *  onlesse  than  that  courte  faile  me 
of  right,  without  licens  of  the  mair  for  the  tyme  beyng  *  *.  And 
y  schal  be  obedyaunt  to  Mair  &  Bailyes  &  alle  other  officers  & 
mynystres  of  that  cite  *  lawfull  *  *.  Ne  no  man  keuer  ne  faver 
vnder  my  franchys,  and  alle  maner  statutes  &  vsages  of  that 
cite  y  schal  do  &  kepe  well  &  trewelyche  *  to  my  power  *  1.  So 
helpe  me  god  at  the  holy  dom.' — (Black  Book  of  Winch.)  fol.  2  b.) 
The  '  Black  Book '  (fol.  42  &)  contains  a  later  copy  2  of  this  oath 
with  the  heading,  '  The  othe  to  swere  men  to  be  ffre,  knelyng  on 
ther  kneys,  seyng.' 

'  Intratur  in  Camera  Guyhalde  Ciuitatis  london'  tempore  dru- 
gonis  Barantyn,  Maioris  eiusdem  Ciuitatis,  anno  regni  regis  henrici 
quarti  post  conquestum  deeimo,  in  Hbro  H.'  The  record  then 
tells  how  on  Nov.  5th,  5  Henry  IV,  there  came  before  the  A.D.  1403. 
mayor  and  aldermen  of  London,  the  mayor,  recorder  and  one  of 
the  bailiffs  of  Winchester,  as  well  for  themselves  as  for  the  Gild 
Merchant  of  Winchester  ('  tam  pro  se  quam  pro  Ciuitate  Gylde 
mercatorie  eiusdem  Ciuitatis  Wyntonie'),  complaining  that  the 
officers  of  the  sheriffs  of  London  had  distrained  the  freemen  of 
the  said  Gild  ('liberos  homines  de  Gylda  predicta')  for  the 
custom  of  two  shillings  on  each  cart-load  of  goods  bought  in 
London,  contrary  to  the  composition  made  between  the  mayor, 
aldermen  and  commonalty  of  London  and  the  mayor  and  com- 

the  corporation  of  Winchester,  from  Richard  II  to  5  Edward  VI.  Wherever 
the  words  '  gilda  mercatoria '  occur,  a  mark  (generally  $p)  on  the  margin  of  the 
page  calls  attention  to  them.  These  marks  have  evidently  been  made  by  a 
later  hand,  perhaps  by  a  town  officer  searching  for  evidence  in  some  such  case 
concerning  the  Gild  as  we  shall  speak  of  below  (Mayor  of  Winton  versus  Wilks). 

1  The  words  between  asterisks  were  added  by  a  later  hand. 

2  Probably  temp.  Edward  IV. 

S 


WINCHESTER,  monalty  of  Winchester,  32  Edward  I,  as  follows: — 'quod  omnes 
A  D  1304  Ciues  Wynton'  de  Gylda  eorum  mercatoria  quieti  sint  in  predicta 
Ciuitate  london'  de  pondagio,  muragio  et  panagio  et  aliis  con- 
suetudinibus  quibuscunque  de  mercimoniis  eorundem  capiendis, 
excepto  tronagio  lane  antiquitus  dato,  videlicet,  de  primo  Sacco 
sex  denar'  et  [de]  quolibet  alio  sequenti  quinque  denar',  et  ex- 
ceptis  custumis  coreorum  et  pellium  lanutarum,  et  similiter  con- 
suetudinibus  capiendis  in  ripa  Regine,  de  quibus  non  possunt  esse 
quieti,  tamen  apponunt  calumpniam  suam,  etc.  Et  quod  omnes 
Ciues  london'  quieti  sint  ab  omnibus  consuetudinibus  in  Ciui- 
tate Wynton'  tam  pontagii,  panagii,  muragii  et  aliis  custumis  et 
theoloniis  quibuscunque.  Et  ad  perpetuam  huius  rei  memoriam 
composicio  ista  in  paupiro  Guyaule  london'  in  presencia  predic- 
torum  maioris  et  aldermannorum  et  Ciuium  fuit  inrotulata,'  etc. 
The  Mayor  (Barantyne)  and  the  Aldermen  of  London  agree  to 
adhere  to  this  composition ;  the  citizens  of  Winchester  of  the  Gild 
Merchant  ('  Ciues  Gylde  mercatorie ')  shall  not  again  be  distrained, 
etc.— (Black  Book,  ff.  6  £,  7,  1 1  b.) 1 

'  Ad  communam  conuocacionem  habitam  et  tentam  apud  Ciui- 
tatem  Wynton'  die  Martis  proxima  post  festum  Decolacionis 
sancti  Johannis  Baptiste  anno  regni  regis  henrici  quarti  post  con- 
questum  octauo,  pro  communi  vtilitate  et  honestate  omnium  in 
dicta  Ciuitate  Commorancium,  per  Maiorem  et  pares  suos  necnon 
Communitatem  eiusdem  Ciuitatis  concordatum  et  ordinatum  est, 
secundum  tenorem  Carte  nostre  dicte  Ciuitatis,  quod  nullus  Ciuis 
qui  fuerit  in  Gildam  Mercatoriam  placitet  extra  Curiam  eiusdem 
Ciuitatis  in  vllo  placito  preter  placita  de  tenueris  exterioribus, 
exceptis  monetariis  et  ministris  nostris,  sub  pena  perdicionis  aut 
forisfacture  libertatem  suam.  Et  quod  nullus  alius  indigines 
(sic)  aut  aliquis  commorans  in  dicta  Ciuitate  non  placitet 
aliquem  alium  indiginem  aut  Ciuem  eiusdem  Ciuitatis.' — (Black 
Booky  fol.  8  b.) 2  The  same  immunity,  'quod  nullus  eorum 

1  Bailey  (Transcripts,  2-5)  gives  an  old  English  translation  of  this  document 
in  which  '  Guilde  of  the  cyte  of  London '  is  substituted  for  '  Guildhall,'  etc. 

8  This  ordinance  was  cited  and  enforced  at  a  '  convocation '  held  in  1467, — 
Black  Book,  fol.  36. 


Ordinacio  de 
placitis. 


A.D.  1407. 


Proofs  anD  3(ilustration&          259 

qui  fuerit  infra  gildam  mercatoriam  placitet  extra  muros  Ciuitatis  WINCHESTER. 
Wynton'  de  vllo  placito  preter  placita  de  tenuris  exterioribus, 
exceptis  monetariis  et  ministris  nostris,'  occurs  in  a  writ  of  5  A.D.  1381. 
Richard  II.— (Ibid.,  fol.  3.) 

'  Ad  communam  conuocacionem  habitam  et  tentam  apud  Wyn- 
ton'  die  Sabbati  proxima  post  festum  Epiphanie  domini  anno 
regni  regis  henrici  quarti  post  conquestum  terciodecimo,  pro  com-  A.D.  1412. 
muni  vtilitate  omnium  Ciuium  in  dicta  Ciuitate  commorancium, 
per  Marcum  le  ffayre,  maiorem,  et  compares  suos,  necnon  totam 
Communitatem  eiusdem  Ciuitatis  vnanimi  assensu  et  consensu 
concordatum  et  ordinatum  est,  quod  nullus  commorans  infra  Ciui- 
tatem  predictam  qui  est  extra  gildam  mercatoriam  non  faeiat 
apprenticium  sibi  obligatum,  sub  pena  amisionis  seruicium  ap- 
prenticiagii  predicti,  nisi  solomodo  illi  qui  sunt  de  gilda  merca- 
toria  ibidem.  Et  quod  omnes  illi  Ciues  de  gilda  mercatoria  dicte 
Ciuitatis  imposterum  veniant  ad  Curiam  coram  maiore  cum  ap- 
prenticiis  suis  eis  obligatis.  Et  faciant  indenturas  suas  ibidem 
irrotulari  in  quodam  rotulo  cum  rotulis  de  cartis,  testamentis 
et  aliis  munimentis,  iacens  (sic)  in  communi  bossetto  stans  in 
Curia  cum  rotulis  et  aliis  munimentis  Curie  ibidem,  si  ipsi 
gaudere  vellent  infuturum  de  suis  libertatibus.  Et  quod  Clericus 
Curie,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit,  habeat  pro  labore  suo  ad  indenturam 
sic  irrotulandam  cum  signo  cuiusdam  littere,  videlicet,  A.  LE.V.O., 
iiii.  */.,  et  non  plus,  etc.' — (Black  Book,  fol.  14  &)1 

'Quomodo  Johannes  Myst  admissus  est  in  Gildam  Merca- 
toriam : — Ad  communem  congregacionem  tentam  apud  Ciuitatem 
Wynton'  penultimo  die  mensis  Julii  anno  regni  regis  henrici  V** 
post  conquestum  xm°,  coram  Willielmo  Reson  Maiore,  paribus  suis  A.D.  1422. 
et  tota  communitate  dicte  Ciuitatis,  ita  vnanimiter  concordatum 
est,  videlicet,  quod  Johannes  Myst  pro  quadam  summa  pecunie 
dicte  Ciuitati  pre  manibus  soluta  admissus  sit  in  Ciuem  et  iuratus 

in  Gyldam  mercatoriam,  necnon  admissus  et  iuratus  in  statum 

/ 

1  At  a  common  assembly  Nov.  1 7,  1 7  Henry  VIII,  it  was  enacted,  '  that  fro 
hensforth  that  no  person  shall  take  no  apprentice  except  he  be  franchesed,  and 
at  the  next  court  to  enroll  his  endentures,  or  els  the  hole  couenant  to  be  void.' 
(Black  Book,  fol.  59.) 

S  2 


260  c&e  (StlD  agercfmnt 

WINCHESTER.  xxiiiior  Ciuitatis  predicte.  Insuper,  quod  a  die  isto  in  futurum  sit 
et  erit  exoneratus  et  quietus  ab  omni  officio  capiendo,  habendo 
seu  exercendo  infra  dictam  Ciuitatem  per  totam  vitam  eiusdem 
Johannis,  nisi  fuerit  ad  voluntatem  ipsius  Johannis,  Solo  officio 
Maioratus  duntaxat  excepto;  pro  quibus  quidem  concordia  et 
exoneracione  officii  prefatus  Johannes  Myst  optulit  se  daturuni 
-si.lt.  legalis  monete  Anglic,  super  graciam  dictorum  Maioris  et 
parium  suorum.  Vnde  c.  solidi  perdonantur,  et  alios  c.  solidos 
soluit,  et  quietus  est.' — (Black  Book,  fol.  24.) 

Johannes      <  item  per  xxiiiior,  etc.  concordatum  est  quod  Johannes  Wryther 
Wryther. 

erit  exoneratus  de  duobus  officiis  balliue  Wynton'  imperpetiium 

soluendo  v.  marcas  ad  commune  proficuum  dicte  Ciuitatis,  quas 
incontinenti  soluit  Johanni  Bye,  Maiori  dicte  Ciuitatis,  pro  com- 
muni  proficuo,  etc.,  et  iuratus  est  in  gildam  mercatoriam  et  in 
xxiiiior,  et  exoneratus  de  officiis  predictis.' 1 — (Ibid.,  fol.  28.) 

The  '  Black  Book '  contains  only  a  few  entries  of  admissions  to 
the  Gild  :— '  Ric'  Pyt',  Thomas  Child,  Will'  Heycrafte  jurati  sunt 
in  gildam  marcatoriam  xxiido  die  Septembris  anno  xvii°  Regis 
henrici  VIII.'  (fol.  57  3.) — 22  Henry  VIII,  'Johannes  Richarde 
juratus  est  in  guyldam  mercatoriam.'  Two  others  were  admitted 
the  same  year.  (fol.  61  £.) — Thomas  Geffrey  was  sworn  into  the 
Gild,  17  Henry  VIII ;  Wm.  Lane,  3  Edward  VI ;  and  Wm.  Hayg, 
5  Edward  VI.  (ff.  59,  79,  83.) — From  another  source  we  learn 
that  in  1682  King  Charles  II  and  James,  Duke  of  York,  were 
'  pleased  to  condescend '  to  be  members  '  of  this  Corporation,'  and 
were  entered  accordingly  *  to  be  free  of  the  Guild  of  Merchants  of 
this  Citty.'  In  the  year  1705  the  Queen's  Consort,  Prince  George 
of  Denmark,  *  was  pleased  to  do  this  city  the  honour  to  be  made  a 
Citizen  Freeman,  and  one  of  the  Guild  of  Merchants  of  this  city, 
and  accepted  the  said  Freedom  accordingly  by  the  Grant  under- 
mentioned.'— (Bailey,  Transcripts,  7.) 

'  Ordinacio  facta  tempore  Johannis  Gylmyn,  Maioris  Ciuitatis 
Wynton',  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  VI,  viii°  : — Hec  indentura  facta 
inter  Johannem  Gylmyn,  Maiorem  Ciuitatis  Wynton',  ex  parte 
vna,  et  Johannem  Dutton  et  Thomam  Gardyner,  balliuos  dicte 

1  No  date,  but  probably  belongs  to  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 


26l 

Ciuitatis,  ac  Ciues  et  totam  Communitatem  eiusdem  Ciuitatis  ex  WINCHESTER, 
parte  altera,  testatur  quod  ad  communem  conuocacionem  habitam 
ad  Burghmotum  tentum  in  dicta  Ciuitate  die  Jouis  proxima  post 
festum  Sancti  Georgii  martiris,  anno  regni  regis  henrici  sexti  post 
conquestum  Anglie  octauo,  coram  Johanne  Gylmyn,  Maiore  pre-  A.D.  1430. 
dicto,  ad  honorem  dei  patris  omnipotentis  et  pro  communi  vtilitate 
et  publico  incremento  dicte  Ciuitatis  et  ad  faciendum  tarn  ex- 
traneos  quam  propinquos  homines  et  mercatores  ad  dictam  Ciui- 
tatem  convenire  et  ibidem  auidius  inhabitare  et  eandem  Ciuitatem 
gracia  diuina  mediante  accrestere  et  meliorare  in  futurum, — Ita  per 
prefatos  Maiorem,  Balliuos,  Ciues  et  Communitatem  dicte  Ciuitatis 
ex  eorum  communi  assensu  et  concensu  ordinatum  est  et  prouisum, 
perpetuo  duraturum,  quod  omnes  mercatores  tarn  extranei  quam 
indigene  extra  Gyldam  mercatoriam,  cuiuscumque  status,  artis  vel 
operis  fuerint,  exceptis  carnificibus  et  piscatoribus  extraneis  pro 
stallages  et  tabulis  suis,  erunt  quieti  et  liberi  infra  dictam  Ciui- 
tatem et  libertatem  eiusdem  ad  emendum  et  vendendum,  scinden- 
dum,  operandum,  faciendum,  excercendum  et  vsitandum  omnes 
mercandisas,  mercimonia  et  artes  suas ;  et  omnes  Brasiatores  et 
tappatores  et  tabernatores  pro  signis  suis  expositis,  et  omnes  Car- 
nifices  indigene  et  extranei  pro  pesagio  suo,  et  Pistores  pro  pistrinis 
suis,  et  Piscatores  indigene  pro  tabulis  suis,  erunt  quieti  et  liberi 
similiter,  sine  aliqua  custuma,  tolneto  vel  aliqua  consuetudine 
balliuis  dicte  Ciuitatis  vel  aliquo  alio  officiario  pro  mercandisis  vel 
artibus  suis  venditis,  expositis  vel  operatis  aliqualiter  infuturum 
persolvenda,  facienda  vel  tradenda,  pari  forma  sicut  homines  et  mer- 
catores sunt  infra  villam  de  Covyngtr'1  et  Ciuitatem  Noue  Sarum. 
Prouiso  semper  quod  si  quis  mercator  extraneus  fregerit  solum 
domini  Regis  figendo  stachias  pro  mercandisis  suis  exponendis  et 
vendendis,  quod  ipse  soluet  custumam  pro  picagio,  sicut  soluere 
est  consuetum.  Et  ista  ordinacio  facta  est  sub  ista  condicione,  vi- 
delicet, quod  si  prefatus  Maior  vel  aliquis  alius  temporibus  futuris 
annuatim  infra  XL.  dies  post  festum  sancti  Michaelis  Wynton' 
venerit  et  tradat  balliuis  dicte  Ciuitatis  pro  tempore  existentibus 
octo  libras  bone  monete  Anglie,  vel  sufficientem  securitatem  in- 

1  Coventry. 


262 

WINCHESTER,  uenerit  eis  pro  dictis  octo  libris  sibi  fideliter  persoluendis  ad  festa 

Pasche  et  sancti  Michaelis  equis  porcionibus  pro  dicta  libertate 

Nota  bene.  -,       •,  •          ........ 

conseruanda,  de  qua  secuntate  dicti  ballmi  se  teneant  contentos, 

quod  tarn  diu  ista  ordinacio  supradicta  in  suo  robore  maneat 
et  effectu.  Prouiso  vltra  quod  si  aliquis  indigena  existens  diues 
vel  talis  status  vt  infra  Gyldam  mercatoriam  fieri  mereatur,  et  ipse 
occasione  istius  ordinacionis  hoc  recusat,  quod  tune  ipse  non 
gaudebit  priuilegio  istius  ordinacionis  sed  finem  faciat  et  soluat 
pro  arte  sua,  vt  facere  consueuit.  Ad  quas  quidem  ordinacionem 
et  libertatem  penes  omnes  mercatores  et  artifices,  vt  predictum 
est,  perpetuo  duraturas  sub  condicione  predicta,  Ciues  Ciuitatis 
predicte  cum  concensu  tocius  Communitatis  dicte  Ciuitatis  Si- 
gillum  suum  Commune  cards  presentibus  indentatis  apposuerunt. 
Datum  anno,  die  et  loco  supradictis.' — (Black  Book,  fol.  29.) 

But  this  liberal  policy  did  not  continue  very  long,  as  the  word 
'vacat'  in  the  margin  and  subsequent  civic  ordinances  of  Win- 
chester plainly  show. 

/ 

*  Tempore  Henrici  Smart  Maioris.' 

*Ad    conuocacionem    communam    habitam    ac  tentam    apud 

Wynton'  in  Guyhalda  ibidem  die  Jouis  xxi°  die  Nouembris  anno 

A.D.  1471.  regni  regis  Edwardi  quarti  post  conquestum  xi°,  coram  Henrico 

Smart,  tune  Maiore  dicte  Ciuitatis,  et  comparibus  suis   adtunc 

ibidem  presentibus,  videlicet  [57  names  follow]. 

Hit  is  ordeyned  a  cordid  and  also  grauntyd  by  alle  the  ffulle 
semble  that  alle  maner  vitelers  fro  the  said  xxi.  day  a  boveseid 
sholde  come  to  the  seid  Cite  with  suche  vitayle  as  they  haue,  so 
hit  be  holsome  for  mannes  body,  and  there  to  vtter  and  selle  hit 
yn  dewe  tyme,  payng  for  theire  stondynge  euery  of  them,  as  ofte 
as  they  come,  to  the  Baillyfes  of  the  seid  Cite  for  the  tyme  beyng 
i.d?.,  in  releuacion  of  the  kynges  ferme. 

Also  hit  is  ordeyned  a  cordid  and  grauntyd  by  the  same  ffulle 
semble,  that  hit  be  lefulle  for  euery  man  withyn  the  seid  Cite,  beyng 
ffraunchisyd  or  owte  of  franchise,  to  selle  his  ffelles  or  hydes  to 
whom  they  wolle,  that  may  be  most  Benyficialle  vnto  them,  and 
also  to  bye  suche  felles  and  hydes,  etc. 


Proofs  ann  3!ltastration&          263 

Also  hit  is  ordeyned  a  cordid  and  grauntyd  by  the  seid  semble,  WINCHESTER, 
that  alle  maner  mercers,  drapers,  hardwaremen  and  alle  other  that 
be  byers  or  sellers,  to  come  to  the  seid  Cite  hensforwarde  at  such 
tyme  as  the  Market  dayes  be  there,  that  is  to  seye,  Wennesday 
and  Saturday,  and  vpon  non  other  dayes  but  yn  the  seid  Market 
dayes,  and  there  to  bye  and  selle  as  they  may  a  corde  with  the 
parties ;  payng  eueryche  of  them,  as  ofte  as  they  come,  vnto  the 
Baillyfes  of  the  seid  Cite  for  the  tyme  beyng  \.d.\  and  that  they 
ne  no  man  of  them  be  non  hawkers  withyn  the  seid  Cite,  vpon  the 
parelle  that  wolle  falle  therof,  etc.' — (Black  Book,  ff.  40-41.) 

'Ad  communem  convocacionem  Ciuium  Ciuitatis  Wynton' 
ibidem  tentam  die  lune  xxi°  die  Januarii  anno  regni  regis  henrici  A.D.  1488. 
VII  post  conquestum  Anglie  tercio,  coram  Rogero  Wylde,  Maiore, 
Ricardo  Bedam  et  Waltero  Broman,  Balliuis,  concordatum  est,  viz. : 
That  alle  maner  of  men  that  wulle  come  to  the  Cite  ffor  to  selle  in 
Retayle  that  they  haue  power  to  shew  and  to  selle  in  the  seid  Cite 
ii.  market  dayes,  that  is  to  sey,  the  wennysday  and  Saturday;  and  yf 
it  ffortune  Cristmase  eve  or  halown  eve  or  eny  other  hie  ffest  ffalle 
vpon  eny  other  eve  then  wennysday  or  Saturday,  the  seid  strangers 
shalle  not  come  to  the  seid  Cite  for  to  selle.  Also  that  euery  man 
that  hathe  warr  to  selle  that  they  stond  in  ther  places  to  theym 
alimeted,  and  to  pay  ffor  ther  stondyng,  as  oft  as  they  come,  i.d., 
and  that  they  begyne  to  show  at  ix.  of  the  cloke  in  the  mornyng 
and  to  stond  stylle  vnto  one  of  the  clokk  at  afternone  then  next 
ffolowyng.  Also  that  no  Galyman  come  to  the  seid  Cite  ffor  to 
selle  in  retayle  but  only  apon  the  seid  market  dayes,  and  that  they 
stond  in  ther  places  to  them  alymeted.' — (Ibid.^  fol.  46  b.) 

ii   Henry  VIII. — 'furthermore  it  ys  enacted  in  maner  and  A.D.  1520. 
fforme  afforeseid  that  no  stranger  ne  other  aleyn  sell  no  mar-    . 
chaundyse  ne  warr  wythin  the  seid  Cite,  but  yff  it  be  to  a  ffreman  No  Strannger 
of  the  Cite,  nor  that  no  ffreman  by  of  any  aleyn  no  warr  ne  t^alfreman! 
marchaundyse  in  a  howse1  [upon]  payne  of  fforfetur  of  vi.  s.  viii.</. 
to  thus  [i.e.  the  use]  of  the  Baylys  of  the  Cite  afforeseid,  as  often 
as  they  be  takyn  therewyth.' — (Ibid.,  52  &) 

4  Elizabeth. — '  Item,  that  none  Inhabitant  of  the  cytie  shall  A.D.  1562. 
1  A  word  has  been  erased  before  'howse.' 


264  Cfie  (Silo 

WINCHESTER,  from  hensforthe  suffer  anye  foren  person  to  sell  anye  wares  by 
retayle  within  his  howse,  uppon  payne  to  forfett,  for  everye  tyme 
offendinge  contrarye  to  this  ordinance,  40.  s.  to  the  Chamber  of 
the  cytie,  the  tymes  of  the  two  faires  onlye  excepted.' — (Bailey, 
Transcripts,  58.) 

1 7th  Jan.,  1650. — Whereas  by  ancient  custom  beyond  the 
memory  of  man  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  the  city  have  annually 
assessed  artificers  and  others  using  trades  in  the  city  'and  not 
free  thereof,'  as  for  the  opening  of  their  shop- windows,  '  according 
to  their  discretions  without  any  lymitations  in  proportion,'  now 
for  that  such  custom  seems  too  arbitrary,  etc.,  it  is  ordained, 
that  inhabitants  not  free  of  the  said  city  shall  be  annually  taxed 
as  formerly,  but  no  person  is  to  be  assessed  at  any  one  time  more 
than  five  pounds  *. — (Ibid.,  59-60.) 

'  A  Rate  made  and  agreed  upon  by  ye  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of 
the  said  citty  upon  the  several  persons  hereunder  named,  for 
using  their  Trades  within  ye  said  citty,  not  being  free  of  ye 
Guild  of  Merchants  there,  time  out  of  minde  and  beyond  the 
memory  of  man  had  and  used  within  the  same  citty,  and  termed 
Artificer's  mony,  for  one  whole  yeare,  to  Comence  from  ye  Feast 
of  St.  Michael  th'  archangell  last  past,  1671;  yeoven  this  Twenty- 
sixth  day  of  January,  1671.'  Eighty-nine  names  follow  with  6d., 
is.,  is.  6d.,  2S.,  or  35-.  4</.  opposite  each. — (Ibid.,  181-184.) 
A.D.  1656.  '  It  is  ordained  and  established  that  every  person  and  persons 
within  this  citty  being  free  of  the  Guild  of  Merchants'  shall  on- 
every  Lord's  Day  and  days  of  humiliation  and  thanksgiving  go  with 
the  Mayor  to  church  in  their  gowns  and  accompany  him  in  attend- 
ing the  Judges  at  the  County  Assizes.  In  1546  a  similar  order 
.  had  been  made  for  all '  the  freemen  of  the  Citye.' — (Ibid.,  69-70.) 

A  charter  of  30  Elizabeth  (1587-8)  has  the  following  clause: — 
'  And,  further,  we  will  and  by  these  presents  grant  for  us,  our  heirs 
and  successors  unto  the  said  mayor,  bailiffs  and  commonalty  and 

1  The  '  Compotus  Ciuitatis  Wyntonie'  of  3  Edward  I  has  this  entry  : — '  Et 
de  xliiii..^.  ii.  d.  ob.  de  hominibus  habitacionibus  (jzV)  in  Ciuitate  Wynton' 
quinon  sunt  de  libertate,  qui  dicuntur  Censarii,  per  idem  tempus'  (i.e.  May  2oth 
to  Michaelmas,  1275), — Black  Book,  fol.  31. 


proofs  anD  Slilusttations,  265 

their  successors  forever,  that  they  shall  and  may  from  time  to  WINCHESTER. 

time  ordain,  create  and  establish  a  society,  gild,  or  fraternity,  of 

one  master  and  wardens  of  every  art,  mystery  and  occupation 

used  or  occupied,  or  hereafter  shall  be  used  or  occupied,  within 

the  said  city  and  the  suburbs  thereof;   and  that  they  with  the 

assistance  of  the  wardens  of  the  said  arts  and  mysteries  may 

make,  constitute,  ordain   and   establish   laws,  constitutions   and 

ordinances  for  the  public  utility  and  profit  and  for  the  better 

rule  and  regiment  of  our  city  of  Winchester  and  of  the  mysteries 

of  the  citizens  and  inhabitants  of  the  same,' — (Milner,  ii.  258; 

Merew.  and  Stephens,  1408.) 

1  In  all  Humbleness  beseech  your  most  Excellent  Majestie  The 
Mayor,  Bayliffes  and  Gomonaltie  of  your  Majesties  antient  Citty  of 
Winchester  in  the  County  of  Southampton,  That  Whereas  the  said 
Citty  is  one  of  the  most  antient  and  formerly  the  Chiefest  for  keep- 
ing Parliaments,  Councells,  Coronations,  Nuptialls  and  Sepultures 
of  your  Noble  Progenitors,  And  was  first  built  by  Ludor  Rouse 
Hudibrasse,  Son  of  Liel,  the  son  of  Brute  Greenchild,  the  Second 
Son  of  Ebranke,  the  Great  Grand  Child  of  the  first  Brute,  892 
yeares  before  the  birth  of  Christ,  in  the  age  of  the  world  2995;  99 
yeares  before  the  building  of  Roome.  And  it  was  first  invironed 
with  Stone  Walls  by  Mulmusius  Dumwald  Anno  Mundi  3528. 
And  there  was  a  Guild  of  Merchants  made  and  Established  by 
King  Ethellwald,  the  first  Confederate,  Which  Guild  of  Merchants 
had  diverse  Priviledges,  Vsages  and  Customes.  And  that  the  said 
Guild  of  Merchants  and  many  of  their  Vsages  and  Customes  have 
bin  and  now  are  continued  within  the  same  Citty,  and  for  preserva- 
tion of  such  Vsages  and  Customes  many  of  them  were  Entred 
amongst  the  Records  of  and  now  remaining  in  the  Tower  of 
London  and  also  entred  and  Inrolled  amongst  the  Antient 
Records  of  the  said  Citty  of  Winchester.  And  that  Whereas 
King  Henry  the  first,  King  Richard  the  first  and  King  Edward 
the  fourth  and  severall  other  Kings  and  Queens  of  this  Realm  by 
several  letters  Patent  or  Charters  under  the  Great  Seale  of  England 
did  grant  divers  Priviledges  to  the  Citizens  of  the  said  Citty,  free 
of  the  said  Guild  of  Merchants,  and  Confirme  other  Priviledges, 


266  c&e  ®itt  sgjercfmnt 

WINCHESTER.  Liberties  and  Customes  before  there  used,  amongst  which  Cus- 
tomes  and  Vsages  there  now  is,  and  time  beyond  the  memory  of 
man  there  was,  such  a  Custome  vsed  and  approved,  to  wit,  That 
no  person  whatsoever  shall  vse  or  exercise  any  Art,  Trade,  mistery, 
or  manuall  occupation  within  the  said  Citty  onles  such  person  be 
a  freeman  of  the  said  Guild  of  Merchants,  or  hath  served  as  an 
Apprentice  Seaven  Yeares  within  the  same  Citty  to  such  Art,  Trade, 
mistery  or  manual!  occupation,  or  otherwise  thereunto  lawfully 
Authorized  according  to  the  vsage  of  the  said  Citty,  whereby  there 
hath  bin  formerly  severall  summes  of  money  paid  into  the  Chamber 
of  the  said  Citty  for  such  persons  freedome,  by  way  of  Composi- 
tion, as  were  not  qualifyed,  which  said  moneys  were  usually 
applied  as  well  to  vphold  and  maintaine  the  Walls,  Gates,  Bridges 
and  other  Ornaments  of  the  Citty  as  to  the  Annuall  payment  of  a 
fee  ffarme  Rent  of  50^  marks,  formerly  reserved  to  the  Crowne, 
and  of  other  moneys  payable  to  the  Hospitall  of  St.  Mary  Magda- 
len nigh  the  same  Citty. 

And  That  Wheras  Queen  Elizabeth  of  ffamous  memory  by  her 
letters  Patents  or  Charters  made  in  the  1 3th  yeare  of  her  Reigne 
did  grant  to  the  Mayor,  Bayliffes  and  Comonalty  of  the  said  Citty 
of  Winchester  and  their  Successors  (who  are  the  ffreemen  only  of 
the  said  Guild  of  Merchants)  other  diverse  Priviledges  and 
Liberties,  amongst  which  Priviledges  and  Liberties  she  was  pleased 
by  the  same  Charter  to  Ordaine  and  Grant  vnto  the  said  Mayor, 
Bayliffes  and  Comonalty  and  theire  Successors  that  they  or  the 
most  part  of  them  should  from  time  to  time  Ordaine,  Create  and 
Establish  a  Society,  Guild,  or  ffraternity,  of  One  Master  and  Two 
Wardens  of  any  Arts,  Misterys  and  occupations  used  or  oc- 
cupied, or  hereafter  to  be  used  or  occupied,  within  the  said 
Citty  and  Suburbs  thereof.  And  that  they  or  Major  part  of 
them  with  the  Assent  of  the  Master  and  Wardens  of  these 
Arts  or  Misteries  might  make,  constitute,  ordaine  and  Es- 
tablish Laws,  Constitutions  and  Ordinances  for  the  better  Rule 
and  Goverment  of  the  said  Citty  of  Winchester  and  of  the 
Misteries,  Citizens  and  Inhabitants  of  the  same,  and  therein 
Ordaine  and  appoint  such  Penaltyes,  ffynes  as  to  them  should 


proofs  ann  3illustrattons*          267 

seem  necessary  for  the  observing  the  sayd  Ordinances.  And,  WINCHESTER. 
farther,  by  the  same  Charter  the  said  Queen  Elizabeth  did  ratify 
and  Confirm  vnto  them  the  said  Mayor,  Bayliffes  and  Comonalty 
and  their  Successors  all  and  Singular  the  Customes,  Liberties, 
Priviledges,  franchises,  Immunities,  Exemptions,  ffreedoms  and 
Jurisdictions  thentofore  granted  and  Confirmed  to  them  and  their 
Predecessors,  Citizens  of  the  same  Citty,  by  any  name  or  names 
whatsoever,  by  any  Charters,  Grants  or  letter  Patents  of  any  of  the 
said  Queenes  Noble  Progenitors  or  by  any  other  lawfull  waves, 
Customes,  vsages,  prescriptions  or  title  heretofore  vsed  or  accus- 
tomed, in  as  ample  manner  and  form  and  as  if  the  same  were 
therein  particularly  expressed,  any  Statute,  Act,  Ordinance  or  re- 
straint to  the  Contrary  in  any  wise  notwithstanding. 

And  Wheras  now  of  late  Sundry  Persons  not  being  qualified 
according  to  the  said  Custome,  respecting  their  own  private  gaine 
without  regard  either  to  the  Custome  or  Charter  of  the  said  Queen 
Elizabeth,  or  how  the  sayd  Annual  fee  farme  Rent  and  other 
Annual  payments  shall  be  payd,  or  the  said  Walls,  Gates,  Bridges 
and  other  Ornaments  shall  be  vpheld  and  maintained,  have  of  late 
intruded  and  infringed  on  the  Liberties  thereof,  and  have  vsed 
Arts,  Trades,  Misteries  and  manual  occupations  there,  and  have 
and  doe  both  by  themselves  and  their  Servants  keep  shops,  ware- 
houses and  other  places  within  the  same  Citty,  and  doe  vse  and 
exercise  diverse  Arts,  Trades,  Misteries  and  manuall  occupacions 
therein  without  making  any  agreement  or  Composition  for  soe 
doing,  contrary  to  the  said  antient  vsage  and  Custome  and  con- 
trary to  the  true  meaning  of  the  said  Charter,  tending  to  the  vtter 
vndoeing  of  the  freemen  of  the  said  Guild  of  Merchants  and 
other  Inhabitants  there  and  decay  of  the  same  Citty. 

For  redress  whereof  may  it  please  your  Most  excellent  Majesty, 
That  it  may  be  enacted  by  your  Majesty,  The  Lords  Spirituall  and 
Temporall  and  the  Commons  in  this  present  Parliament  assembled, 
and  by  the  Authority  of  the  same,  and  be  it  enacted  by  the 
Authority  aforesaid,  That  the  antient  Custome  and  vsage  before 
mencioned  concerning  the  qualification  of  persons  to  vse  and 
exercise  any  Art,  Trade,  Mistery  or  manual  occupation  within  the 


268 

WINCHESTER,  said  Citty  of  Winchester  and  alsoe  soe  much  of  the  said  Charter 
as  doth  concern  the  premises  shall  from  henceforth  stand  and 
be  good,  effectuall  and  sufficient  in  the  Law  to  all  intents  and 
purposes  according  to  the  true  meaning  of  the  same  Charter,  and 
that  the  same  vsage  and  Custome  and  all  By  Laws  already  made 
and  hereafter  to  be  made  concerning  ye  said  Custome  by  the  said 
Mayor,  Bayliffes  and  Comonalty  and  their  Successors,  freemen  of 
the  said  Guild  of  Merchants,  be  ratifyed  and  confirmed  by  this 
present  Parliament. 

Provided  alwayes  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawfull  to  and  for  any 
person  or  persons  to  buy  or  sell  in  the  time  of  faires  there  and 
also  to  buy  or  sell  provisions  in  the  Marketts  there,  soe  as  such 
provisions  be  not  bought  or  sold  contrary  to  any  Statute  made 
against  fforestallers,  Regrators  and  Ingrossers,' — (Addit.  Charter, 
Mus.  Brit.,  15702.) 

A.D.  1705.  Easter  Term  4  Annae  Reginae.  Mayor  of  Winton  versus 
Wilks.  'In  an  action  upon  the  case  the  plaintiff  declares,  "quod 
cum  civitas  Winton  est  et  a  tempore,  etc.  fuit  antiqua  civitas,  et  in 
eadem  civitate  habetur  et  a  tempore,  etc.  habebatur  consuetude, 
quod  non  liceat  alicui  personae  praeter  homines  liberos  de  gilda 
mercatoria  civitatis  illius  ad  utendum  vel  excercendum  publice 
infra  eandem  civitatem  aliquod  misterium,  artem  sive  manualem 
occupationem  in  dicta  civitate,  tota  tempore  supradicta  usitatam, 
nisi  hujusmodi  persona  per  spatium  septem  annorum  prius 
educatus  fuisset  tanquam  apprentices  in  eadem  civitate  ad  vel  in 
hujusmodi  misterio,  arte  sive  occupatione,  aut  ad  inde  aliter  fuit 
legitimo  modo  authorizatus  secundum  morem  civitatis  illius,  etc." 
Yet  the  defendant  bringing  him  within  the  custom,  ad  damnum 
of  the  plaintiff,  etc.,  upon  not  guilty  pleaded  there  was  a  verdict 
for  the  plaintiff,  and  the  court  was  moved  in  arrest  of  judgment.' 

In  behalf  of  the  defendant,  Mr.  Raymond  '  urged  that  the  guild 
of  merchants  ought  to  have  brought  the  action  and  not  the 
mayor,  etc.  of  Winchester ;  for  the  persons,  whose  franchises  are 
broke  and  who  are  thereby  grieved  ought  to  bring  the  action. 
And  accordingly  in  i  Lev.  262  the  action  is  brought  by  a  free- 
man ;  and  in  3  Cro.  803  by  the  corporation,  in  whom  the  fran- 


proofs  ann  illustrations.          269 

chise  is  laid  to  be.     But  here  the  franchise  is  laid  in  the  guild,  WINCHESTER. 
and  therefore  the  guild  ought  to  bring  the  action  and  not  the 
mayor,  etc.,  for  it  is  no  franchise  of  the  city,  nor  consequently 
does  an  infringement  intitle  them  to  an  action.7 

And  as  to  the  second  objection,  that  the  guild  of  merchants 
ought  to  have  brought  this  action,  the  plaintiff's  counsel  said,  'that 
being  free  of  the  guild  of  merchants  was  but  one  of  the  qualifica- 
tions which  would  intitle  a  man  to  set  up  a  trade ;  but  if  he  had 
either  served  seven  years  apprenticeship,  or  were  free  by  redemp- 
tion, he  might  set  up  a  trade.  And  therefore  it  was  not  a  damage 
to  the  guild  of  merchants  only,  but  was  as  much  a  damage  to 
every  freeman ;  and  consequently,  if  the  guild  of  merchants  might 
bring  an  action,  every  freeman  might  bring  an  action.  He  said 
the  mayor  and  corporation  must  bring  the  action  for  another 
reason,  viz.,  that  a  corporation  by  letters  patent,  as  the  guild 
of  merchants  was,  could  not  maintain  this  action,  but  only  a 
corporation  by  prescription,  such  as  the  city  was.' 

Chief  Justice  Holt  said,  'that  the  words  gilda  mercatoria  signify 
a  corporation,  and  that  where  the  king  in  ancient  times  granted  to 
the  inhabitants  of  a  ville  or  borough  to  have  gildam  mercatoriam^ 
they  were  by  that  incorporated,  10  Co.  30  a,  but  what  it  signifies 
here  in  this  declaration  nobody  knows ;  for  the  plaintiff  does  not 
shew  what  it  is,  but  only  says  that  it  is  not  lawful  for  any  person 
to  exercise  a  trade  that  is  not  free  of  the  gilda  mercatoria' 

Justice  Powell  said,  'that  a  custom  to  exclude  people  from 
exercising  a  trade,  was  a  strange  custom;  but  if  that  were  the 
point  now  to  be  determined,  he  would  consider  well  of  it,  because 
the  giving  judgment  to  set  aside  such  a  custom,  would  have  a 
very  great  influence;  because  such  a  custom  is  claimed  in  most 
corporations  by  prescription ;  but  that  there  would  be  no  need  to 
come  to  that  in  this  case,  for  that  this  declaration  was  naught : 
first,  for  not  shewing  that  there  is  such  a  franchise  in  the  corpo- 
ration ;  for  as  this  declaration  is,  the  corporation  would  maintain 
an  action  for  breach  of  their  franchise,  without  shewing  they  have 
any :  for  the  franchise  is  laid  by  this  declaration  in  the  gilda  mer- 
catoria, and  we  cannot  take  notice  that  the  gilda  mercatoria  and 


270  €&e  <5ilD  sgjercfmnt 

WINCHESTER,  the  city  are  all  one,  though  they  may  be  so ;  and  upon  the 
evidence  it  seemed  probable  they  were  so.' 

Judgment  was  entered  'quod  querentes  nil  capiant,'  etc.,  on  the 
exceptions  to  the  declaration. — (Lord  Raymond,  Reports,  Lond. 
1790,  pp.  1129-1135.) 

According  to  another  Report,  Holt  said,  'this  declaration  is 
naught.  The  action  ought  to  be  brought  by  the  gilda  mercatoria; 
how  is  the  city  prejudiced?  Anciently  the  king's  grant  to  have 
gildam  mercatoriam  made  the  whole  town  to  have  a  corporation. 
But  non  constat  to  us  whether  the  Guild  here  be  the  whole  town, 
or  part  of  the  town,  or  what  part  of  the  town,  nor  by  what  right 
there  is  any  gilda  mercatoria  in  this  place.' — (Salkeld,  Reports,  i. 
203.) 

In  1835  the  freemen  of  Winchester  were  still  'admitted  and 
sworn  free  and  freemen  of  the  guild  of  merchants.' — (Munic. 
Corp.  Com.  1835,  p.  898.) 

WINDSOR. 

A.D.  1277.  The  Gild  Merchant  was  granted  to  the  burgesses  of  Windsor 
by  a  charter  of  5  Edward  I.  In  an  inquisition  of  1439  tne  Gild 
is  again  enumerated  among  the  liberties  of  the  town. — (Tighe  and 
Davis,  Windsor,  i.  104,  305. )* 

A.D.  i486.  In  the  year  6  Edward  IV  a  mayor,  two  bailiffs,  two  bridge- 
keepers  and  two  keepers  of  the  Holy  Trinity  occur.  '  The  last- 
mentioned  officers  were  trustees  of  a  fund  for  the  celebration  of 
masses  and  obits  for  the  souls  of  the  brethren  of  the  Guild  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  as  the  corporation  of  Windsor  was  sometimes  de- 
scribed.'— (Ibid.,  i.  3 2 1.)2 

1  The  charter  of  5  Edward  I  was  confirmed  by  grants  of  9  Edward  II, 

2  Edward-  III,  17  Henry  VI,  2  Edward  IV,  15  Henry  VII,  6  Henry  VIII  and 

3  Edward  VI, — Tighe  and  Davis,  i.  127,  135,  307,  360,  420,  472,  581. 

a  The  two  '  Magistri  Glide  sive  Frateraitatis  Sancte  Trinitatis '  made  grants  of 
lands,  1 6  and  17  Henry  VII,— Bib.  Bodl.,  Ashmole  MS.  1126,  ff.  81-82.  This 
MS.  volume,  entitled  '  Materials  for  the  History  of  the  Town  of  New  Windsor/ 
etc.,  collected  by  E.  Ashmole,  contains : — The  Statutes  of  14  Edw.  IV  (ff. 
1-2  b} ;  <  The  Statutes  and  Ordinances  of  the  Gilde  there,'  etc.,  2  2  Eliz.  (ff.  9-14^) ; 
Rents,  etc.  'Out  of  a  booke  of  the  Accountes  of  the  Guild,'  etc.  (ff.  16-19); 
Rents  of  the  Gild  of  Trinity,  1455  to  3  Henry  VII  (ff.  31-34),  etc.,  etc. 


proofs  ana  3|llustration&          271 

In  the  year  14  Edward  IV  were  made,  decreed  and  ordained  WINDSOR. 

The  Statutes  for  the  Order  and  Regiment  to  be  hadde.  used, 

A.D.  1474. 
and  contynued  in  the  Corporacion  or  Fraternitie  of  the  Guylde 

hall  in  New  Wyndesor.'  Among  them  was  the  following  : — '  Item, 
yt  is  established  and  agreed,  That  there  shal  be  28  or  30,  at  the 
most,  of  the  substauncyelst  and  wysest  men  of  the  same  Towne  to 
be  of  one  Fraternitie  of  the  Guildehall;  and  of  the  28  or  30 
brethern,  13  of  them  shall  be  benchers  and  sitt  upon  the  Benche, 
and  shalbe  called  Burgenses,  and  of  the  same  Burgenses  7  of 
them  shal  be  called  Aldermen,  yf  soe  many  have  borne  the  office 
and  charge  of  the  Mayor  within  the  said  Towne  of  Wyndsor.' — 
(Tighe  and  Davis,  i.  400-401.) 

There  is  a  rental  of  the  Trinity  Brethren,  or  Corporation  of 
Windsor,  of  the  year  1500,  £8  iSs.  being  the  aggregate  of  the 
rents.  It  ends  thus : — '  Memorandum  that  the  Masters  of  the 
Guild  make  up  their  yeares  Accompte  the  Monday  after  All 
Soules  day,  ending  at  Michaelmas  before,  and  then  New  Masters 
were  chosen  for  the  yeare  following.'  The  above  was  taken  out 
of  a  '  Booke  of  the  Accounts-  of  the  Guild,  the  Chamberlaynes, 
etc.'— (Ibid.,  i.  450.) 

In  the  year  32  Henry  VIII  an  order  was  made  in  the  Gildhall  A.D.  1541. 
by  the  mayor,  bailiffs  and  brethren  concerning  the  lands  of  the 
Gild,  i.  e.  the  *  lands  or  Tenements  apperteyning  or  belonging  to 
the  Gwyld  hawle  of  New  Wyndesor,  or  to  the  Fraternity  or  brether- 
hode  of  the  blessyd  Trinitie.' — (Ibid.,  i.  520.) 

Every  person  admitted  into  the  town  corporation  in  the  time  of 
Elizabeth  swore  to  aid  the  mayor,  to  keep  the  *  Cowncell  of  the 
Guildhall,'  to  assist  and  help  '  in  all  Causes  that  may  sownde  to 
the  Comon  weale  and  profitt  of  the  said  Guild,'  and  to  maintain 
the  ordinances  of  the  town. — (Ibid.,  i.  647.) 

James  I  in  the  first  year  of  his  reign  granted  the  burgesses,  A.D.  1603. 
among  other  privileges  : — '  Et  quod  imperpetuum  sint  et  erunt  in 
Burgo  predicto  viginti  octo  homines  vel  aliquis  alius  numerus,  non 
excedens  numerum  Triginta  in  numero  tantum,  de  melioribus  et 
probioribus  Inhabitantibus  eiusdem  Burgi,  de  tempore  in  tempus 
in  huiusmodi  modo  et  forma  eligendi  et  constituendi,  sicut  ex 


272 

WINDSOR,  antique  et  temporibus  retroactis  secundum  ordinaciones,  vsus  et 
consuetudines  Burgi  illius  antehac  vsi  fuerunt  aut  consueuerunt, 
qui  erunt,  vocabuntur  et  nominabuntur  fratres  Guildehald'  Burgi 
de  Nova  Windesor,  ac  sic  continuabuntur  et  remanebunt  in  ffrater- 
nitate  ilia,  quandiu  sese  bene  gesserint  in  eadem;  Nisi  interim 
pro  aliqua  causa  racionabili  ab  officio  et  loco  predicto  amouebun- 
tur,  aut  eorum  aliquis  amouebitur.  Qui  quidem  fratres,  sic  in 
forma  superius  specificata  electi,  prefect!  et  nominati,  facient 
et  erunt  et  imperpetuum  perpetuis  futuris  temporibus  vocabuntur 

Commune  Consilium  Burgi  predicti Nullus  fforinsecus 

qui  non  est  Burgensis  eiusdem  Burgi  de  nova  Windsor  vendat  seu 
vendi  faciat  aliquas  merchandisas  siue  mercimonia  infra  Burgum 
predictum,  libertates  aut  precinctum  eiusdem  aliter  quam  in  grosso, 
nisi  tantum  tempore  Nundinarum  et  fferiarum  in  Burgo  predicto 
tenendarum  siue  custodiendarum,  prout  in  eodem  Burgo  antehac 
antiquitus  vsitatum  fuit.  Et  quod  nullus  fforinsecus  aut  alius 
quicumque  emat  vel  vendat  aliquas  merchandisas,  victualia 
vel  mercimonia  quecumque,  venientia  ad  Burgum  predictum, 
antequam  eadem  merchandise,  victualia  vel  mercimonia  ad  Bur- 
gum  predictum  deducantur  et  ibidem  ad  aliqua  loca  publica 
et  vsualia  pro  vendicione  siue  empcione  huiusmodi  mercandisarum, 
victualium  vel  mercimoniorum  reposita  et  locata  erunt.' — (Record 
Office,  Patent  Roll  i  Jac.  I,  pars  19,  mem.  26,  32.) 

A.D.  1641.  'A  forreiner  that  openeth  shopp. — Within  the 
Burrough  of  New  Windsor  in  the  County  of  Berks,  being  a 
Burrough  and  corporation  by  prescription,  there  is  and  hathe  beene 
a  custome  tyme  out  of  mind  of  man,  that  no  Inhabitant  not  being 
free  of  the  said  Burrough  shall  exercise  and  trade  and  open  any 
shopp  either  inward  or  outward  within  the  said  Burrough  to  sell 
wares.' — (Tighe  and  Davis,  ii.  156,  403.) 

WOKCESTEB. 

'  Et  quod  iidem  Ciues  et  eorum  heredes  habeant  Gildam  merca- 
toriam  cum  hansa  et  aliis  consuetudinibus  et  libertatibus  ad  illam 
gildam  pertinentibus.  Et  quod  nullus  qui  non  sit  in  gilda  ilia 
mercandisam  aliquam  faciat  in  predicta  Ciuitate  vel  in  suburbio 


Proofs  ann  3[llustration&  273 

nisi  de  voluntate  eorundem  Ciuium.     Et  eciam  si  aliquis  natiuus  WORCESTER. 

alicuius  in  prefata  Ciuitate  manserit,  et  eciam  se  tenuerit  et  fuerit 

in  prefata  gilda  et  hansa  et  lott  et  scott  cum  prefatis  Ciuibus  nos- 

tris  per  vnum  annum  et  vnum  diem  sine  calumpnia1,  deinceps  non 

posset  repeti  a  domino  suo,  sed  in  eadem  Ciuitate  libere  permaneat.' 

The  Charter  of  48  Henry  III,  from  which  the  above  is  extracted,  A.D.  1264. 

was  confirmed  by  Edward  III,  Henry  V,  Edward  IV  and  Philip 

and  Mary.     The  last-mentioned  also  incorporated  the  City  and 

granted,  among  other  liberties  :  —  '  quod  nullus  extraneus  a  libertate  A.D.  1555. 

Ciuitatis  predicte  vendat  vel  emat  #b  altero  extraneo  a  libertate 

Ciuitatis  predicte  aliquas  mercandizas  seu  mercimonia  infra  liber-  / 

tatem  eiusdem  Ciuitatis,  sub  pena  forisfacture  eorundem  .... 

salua  semper  quod  magnates  et  viri  et  proceres  ac  alii  anglici  et 

indigine,  cuiuscumque  condicionis  fuerunt  (sic),  pro  familia  et  vsu  2 

suis  propriis  infra  libertatem  Ciuitatis  predicte,  libere  possint  emere 

et  vendere  quascumque  mercandizas  in  grosso,  absque  forisfactura 

siue  perdicione  aut  impedimento  quocumque.     Ita  quod  aliqui[s] 

alteri  mercandizas  3  et  mercimonia  sic  empta  non  revendat  seu  re- 

vendi  faciat.'  —  {Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  1-2  Phil,  and  Mary, 

pars  4,  mem.  33,  40.)  4 

'  Ordinaunces,  Constitucions  and  Articles,  made  by  the  kynges 
comaundement  and  by  hole  assent  of  the  citesens  inhabitantes  in 
the  Cyte  of  Worcester,  at  their  yeld  marchaunt,  holden  the 
Sonday  in  the  feste  of  the  Exaltacion  of  the  holy  crosse,  the 
yere  of  the  reigne  of  Kynge  Edward  the  fourth  after  the  con-  A.D.  i486. 
quest,  the  vite. 

I.  ffurst  it  ys  agrede  and  accorded,  that  alle  the  articles  of  thys 
present  yeld  be  openly  redde  and  declared  at  euery  law-day  ..... 

II.  Also  it  ys  ordeyned  by  this  present  yeld,  that  the  Baillies  for 
the  tyme  beynge  shulle,  after  hur  power  and  duete,  dayly  putt  yn 
execucyon  alle  ordinaunces  and  actes  made  at  this  present  yeld, 
and  at  other  yeldes  precedentz,  which  ben  affermed,  and  at  the 
lawdayes  before  hadde  and  yerly  to  be  holden  w*yn  the  seid  cyte, 

grete  delay.    And  yf  the  seid  Baillies  do  not  hur  devor  in 


1  MS.  '  columpnia.'  2  MS.  '  usus.'  s  MS.  '  mercandize.' 

*  Cf.  Noake,  Wore,  in  Olden  Times,  6-8  ;  Madox,  Firma  Burgi,  272. 

T 


Cfie 

WORCESTER,  executynge  these  seid  ordenauncez  and  Actes,  when  they  ben 
proclamed,  aftur  the  custom  of  the  seid  cyte,  or  sone  thervppon, 
that  then  the  chamberleyns  of  the  cyte,  kepers  of  the  articles  of 
the  yeld,  yeve  the  seid  Baillies,  or  on  of  hem,  warnynge  for  more 
hasty er  remedy  and  executyon  to  be  hadd  of  the  same,  in  forme 
aboueseid,  by  them  and  by  hur  aucthoritie  and  power,'  etc. 

VIII.  The  acts  of  this  gild  and  preceding  gilds  shall  be  en- 
grossed on  parchment  and  put  in  a  locked  'casket,'  the  key 
of  which  shall  remain  with  one  of  the  chamberlains.  A  Roll  of 
these  acts  or  articles  endented  shall  be  engrossed,  one  part  being 
given  to  the  Bailiff  and  the  other  to  the  two  chamberlains.  The 
latter  'to  be  called  conservitors  or  kepers  of  the  articles  of  this 
seid  yelde,  to  that  entent  that  they  make  levey  of  summes  forfett 
by  the  same,  to  the  vse  and  profit  of  the  seyd  comynalte,  dewly  to 
be  declared  vppon  ther  accomptes  amonge  ther  other  receytes,  and 
to  to  be  delyuered  to  the  comyn  cofur,'  etc. 

XVIII.  .  .  .  '  Also  that  no  maner  foreyn  sille  no  lether  in  the 
seid  cite,  but  it  be  in  the  yelde  halle  of  the  same,  payinge  for  the 
Custom  of  euery  dyker,  \.d.  And  who  so  doth  the  contrarie,  to 
pay  xl.  d.,  in  forme  aboueseid  to  be  payde.  Also  that  no  corvyser 
by  eny  lether  comynge  to  the  seid  cite,  but  in  the  yelde  halle, 
vppon  peyne  of  xl.  d.J  etc. 

XXXVII.  If  any  citizen  dwelling  within  the  franchises  of  the 
city,  or  any  citizen  foreign  dwelling  without,  refuse  to  pay  tallages 
and  other  charges,  '  that  then,  by  the  enacte  of  this  present  yelde, 
he  or  they  that  so  refusen  be  disfraunchised  and  not  suffred  to 
by  and  sille  w*yn  the  seid  cite,  but  as  a  straunger  paynge  his 
custom  therfore.' 

XLI 'And  that  no  citezen  foreyn  bye  ne  sille  other1  color 

of  eny  other  person  not  citezen,  in  defraudynge  of  the  kynges 
custom,  no  maner  of  merchaundise,  vnder  peyne  of  disfraun- 
chesynge ;  and  that  euery  citezen  forein  hire  no  house  ne  chamber 
accustumed  to  be  hyred  w*yn  the  yelde  halle,  but  wekely,  by  the 
graunt  of  the  keper  of  the  halle  and  ouersight  of  the  kepers  of 
the  articles  of  the  yelde,  as  they  mowe  accorde,  in  peyne  aboue- 

1  I.e.  under. 


proofs  anD  Illustrations,          275 

seid.    That  be  he  citezeh  or  straunger  that  hyreth  eny  chamber  in  WORCESTER. 
that  seide  halle  house,  put  no  foreyn  good  but  his  owne  in  the 
same,  vppon  peyne  aforeseid,'  etc. 

LXXIII.  *  Also,  it  ys  ordeyned  at  this  present  yeld,  how  be  it 
euery  citezein  of  the  old  cheker  pay  at  this  tyme  but  \ii.d.,  and 
euery  citezein  of  the  newe  cheker  but  xiii.</., — that  this  shalle  not 
be  take  for  none  example,  but  that  euery  citezein  of  the  old  cheker 
shallen  pay  at  euery  yeld,  here  aftr  to  be  holde  w*yn  the  said  cite, 
ix.dT. ;  and  euery  citezein  of  the  newe  cheker,  xxi.df. ;  as  of  old 
tyme  hath  ben  vsed  and  acustomed.' 

LXXVIII.    The  craft  gilds   shall  maintain  their   accustomed 
pageants.      Strangers  entering  their  respective  crafts  must  pay    . 
the  fees  ordered  by  the  wardens. — (English  Gilds,  3  7  6-409.)  * 

While  most  of  the  articles  relate  to  the  regulation  of  trade, 
some  treat  of  sanitary  measures,  inquests,  town  officers,  etc. 

In  the  same  MS.  from  which  the  above  was  taken,  after  the 
fee  paid  to  the  Town  Clerk  by  any  one  who  is  made  a  citizen, 
it  is  stated  that  'proclamations  must  be  made  in  the  accustomed 
places  four  times  before  the  holding  of  the  gild,  that  all  who  are 
citizens  and  are  willing'  may  appear. — (Ibid.,  411.) 

In  the  year  1671,  we  are  informed  that  the  citizens  and  in- 
habitants of  Worcester  '  for  the  greatest  part  are  vnited  into  Guilds, 
ffraternities  and  Brotherhoods.' — (Ibid.,  411.) 

9th  Oct.,  1676. — 'Whereas  many  of  the  citizens  of  this  city 
have  of  late  withdrawn  themselves  out  of  the  liberties  thereof  into 
the  country,  and  there  do  dwell  and  employ  their  stock  and  sell 
their  corn  and  cattell  in  this  market  toll-free  under  colour  of  their 
freedom  here ;  and  also  take  apprentices,  though  they  use  not 
their  proper  trades,  and  sometimes  shelter  them  in  the  service  of 
other  persons,  and  then  procure  them  to  be  made  and  sworn  free- 

* 

men  of  this  city,  though  indeed  they  have  not  served  as  an  ap- 
prentice ought  to  do,  according  to  law  and  the  custom  of  this 
city,  and  to  the  great  damage  and  loss  of  the  capitall  officers  of 

1  See  Green,  Worcester,  App.  No.  XIV,  for  the  ordinances  of  a  Gild  Merchant 
held  in  the  year  12  Henry  VII,  which  repealed  many  of  the  articles  of 
6  Edward  IV. 

T  2 


276  Cfte  ®tlD 

WORCESTER,  this  city,  and  to  the  great  injury  of  the  resident  freemen,  who  pay 
the  taxes,  bear  the  burdens  and  perform  the  duties  of  the  said 
city. 

For  the  prevention  of  these  great  evils  for  the  future,  it  is  at  this 
yeild  ordered  and  ordayned  according  to  the  ancient  law  made  in 

A.D.  1496.  the  yeild  of  this  city  in  the  twelfth  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Henry 
the  Seventh,  article  the  i9th;  and  in  pursuance  whereof  it  is 
thereby  ordered  and  ordayned,  that  if  any  citizen  or  citizens  of 
this  city  shall  discontinue  his  or  their  residence  within  this  city, 
or  shall  dwell  out  of  the  same  for  the  space  of  one  whole  year  and 
a  day,  such  citizen  or  citizens  shall  loose  his  or  their  privilege  of  a 
citizen  or  freeman  of  this  city  for  so  long  time  as  he  or  they  shall 
afterwards  abide  or  dwell  out  of  the  said  city,  and  shall  pay  all 
tolls,  talleage,  duties  and  customs,  as  though  he  or  they  had  never 
been  free  of  this  city,  unless  such  citizen  shall  appear  at  every 
court  leete  of  this  city,  and  shall  serve  on  juries,  and  do  other 
duties  as  a  freeman,  or  have  a  licence  from  the  common  counsel 
for  such  non-residence.' — (Green,  App.  xcviii-xcix.) 


WYCOMBE. 

A.D.  1558.  A  grant  of  5-6  Philip  and  Mary  asserts  that  time  out  of  mind 
the  town  of  Wycombe  had  been  an  incorporated  free  borough,  and 
that  it  had  used  and  still  used  two  fairs,  a  weekly  market  and  a 
Gild  Merchant : — '  ac  gilda  mercatoria  cum  aula  et  aliis  consue- 
tudinibus  et  libertatibus  ad  huiusmodi  gildam  pertinentibus.  Ita 
quod  nullus  qui  de  gilda  ilia  mercatoria  non  existit,  vendere  seu 
emere  posset  infra  Burgum  ilium  lineum,  lanneum  aut  siletum 
[i.  e.  filetum]  aut  pelles  vel  coria  seu  aliquod  aliud  ad  huiusmodi 
gildam  mercatoriam  pertinens,  nisi  per  eos  qui  de  eadem  gilda 
fuerint.' — (Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  5-6  Phil.  &  Mary,  pars  i, 
mem.  10-14.)  * 

The  Gild  Merchant  of  Wycombe  seems  to  have  also  borne  the 
name  of  the  Gild  of  St.  Mary. — (Parker •,  37.) 

1  For  a  translation  of  this  grant,  see  Parker,  Wycombe,  App,  26-39. 


Proofs  ann  Illustrations,  277 

In  1316  it  was  ordered  by  the  Mayor  and  Commons,  that  all  WYCOMBE. 
weavers  working  within  the  liberties  shall  give  only  1 2d.  yearly  to 
the  '  Gildani '  for  every  loom,  and  shall  henceforth  be  free  in  all 
things  concerning  the  Gild  of  merchants,  except  stallages.  '  The 
"  Gildani "  are  frequently  named  with  the  Mayor  and  Bailiffs  about 
this  date ;  it  was  their  duty,  probably,  to  regulate  the  gilds,  or 
trades,  of  which  the  Merchants'  gild  seems  to  have  been  the  chief.' 
There  were  two  '  Gildani.'— (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1876,  p.  556; 
Parker,  36-37,  44.) 

'  At  this  date  (20  Edw.  Ill)  meetings  before  the  Mayor,  Bailiffs  A.D.  1346. 
and  commons  were  known  as  "Gilds".' — (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1876, 

P-  556.) 

40  Edward  III. — It  was  ordained  that  every  child  of  a  burgess,  A.D.  1386. 
who  at  the  time  appears  to  be  the  oldest,  after  the  decease  of  his 
father,  on  claiming  the  freedom,  shall  have  the  same  on  paying 
io\d.,  without  any  further  payment, — namely,  to  the  mayor  id.,  to 
the  clerk  \d.,  to  the  under-bailiff  \d.,  to  the  '  gildans  '  ('  gildanis ') 
8^.,  and  to  the  master  of  St.  John's  \d.,  etc. — (Ibid.  pp.  556-557.) 

The  '  Gyldans,'  or  '  Yeldens,'  are  again  mentioned  in  the  reigns 
of  Henry  VII  and  James  I. — (Ibid.,  557;  Parker,  53.) 

YABMOTJTH,  GBEAT. 

The  burgesses  of  Great  Yarmouth  received  a  grant  of  the  Gild 
by  a  charter  of  9  John,  which  was  confirmed  by  several  of  his  A.D.  1208. 
successors. — (Rot.   Chart.,   175;    Petyt  MS.,  ii.   1-18.)     It  was 
afterwards  known  as  the  Great  Gild  of  the  Holy  Trinity. — (Man- 
ship,  Hist  of  Yarm.,  243  ;  Swinden,  Yarm.,  812.) 

In  the  year  33  Henry  VIII,  it  was  agreed  at  an  assembly  held  A.D.  1541. 
at  the  common  hall,  that  every  one  of  the  four  and  twenty  and 
eight  and  forty  should  pay  yearly  toward  the  finding  of  the  Trinity 
mass-priest  at  the  gild-day  ^d. — (Swinden,  54.) 

'  In  this  hall  [i.  e.  Gild-hall]  in  times  past  (viz.,  within  my  re- 
membrance), was  yearly  holden  on  Trinity  Sunday,  a  solemn  feast 
for  the  whole  brotherhood  and  fellowship  of  the  society  called  the 
Blessed  Trinity,  which  by  our  first  charter  of  King  John,  anno 


278  C&e  &ilD  figjercfmnt 

YARMOUTH,  1 207,  was  granted  unto  us,  by  the  name  of  the  Merchants'  Guild; 
'  whereunto  every  one  of  the  Common  Council,  at  his  first  admis- 
sion and  oath  taken,  doth  still  acknowledge  himself  a  brother  of 
that  company.  Which  feast  was,  for  the  most  part,  yearly  holden, 
at  the  cost  of  four  of  that  brotherhood  successively,  according  to 
the  course  of  their  incoming  maintained ;  over  which  the  senior 
bailiff  for  the  year  precedent  was,  and  is,  nominated  Alderman. 
The  hall  itself  being  at  that  time  richly  hanged  and  adorned 
with  cloth  of  Arras  Tapestry,  and  other  costly  furniture ;  not 
sparing  any  dainty  fare  which  might  be  had  for  money.  At  which 
feast  all  private  quarrels  and  emulations  were  heard  and  ended, 

to  the  glory  of  God  and  mutual  love  amongst  neighbours 

Whereby  thus  much  may  be  inferred  ;  that  if  laudable  and  praise- 
worthy is  the  bond  of  amity  and  friendship  among  mere  natural 
men,  then  how  much  more  especially  is  that  which  is  amongst 
Christians,  who  be  tied  by  the  strongest  bond  of  faith  and  religion ; 
but  above  all  amongst  those  Christians  which  be  of  one  fraternity, 
bound  and  linked  together  by  solemn  oath  for  performance,  as 
those  be  that  are  chosen  into  the  society  of  [the]  Common  Council 

at  Yarmouth Therefore,  if  any  grudge  of  a  private  quarrel 

should  be  amongst  them,  the  same  will  incense  and  provoke 
enmity,  to  the  prejudice  of  the  commonwealth  where  they  govern ; 
for  most  certain  it  is  where  anger  beareth  sway,  there  can  be  no- 
thing rightly  and  considerately  advised ;  therefore,  the  better  to 
prevent  all  such  unkindnesses,  was  this  feast  held.' — (Manship  ^ 
Hist.,  5 2-54.) l 

A.D.  1564.  c  Feb.  28,  anno  Eliz.  6.  Ordered  that  the  merchants'  dinner, 
or  feast  of  late  called  the  Trinity  Brotherhood,  shall  be  erected 
and  heyned  this  present  year  to  come,  and  so  forth  to  continue 
until  farther  orders  be  taken.  The  names  of  those  persons  ap- 
pointed for  the  order  of  the  same  feast  and  for  estimating  thereof, 
viz.,  Mr.  Bailiffs  Wm.  Garton,  Anthony  Loveday,  Ralph  Wool- 
house.' 

'  March  18,  anno  6  Eliz.     Imprimis,  Every  brother  to  pay  for 

1  Manship,  who  was  Town  Clerk  of  Yarmouth  from  1579  *°  I5^5,  completed 
his  book  in  1619, — Manship,  Hist,  of  Yarm.,  pp.  ii-iv. 


Proofs  ana  3(llustration&  279 

hym  and  hys  wyffe,  whether  they  come  or  not,  zs.  $>d.     Every  YARMOUTH, 

brother  and  syster  extraordinary,  is.     If  they  wyl  be  bretherne,  to       

pay  bretherne  lyke.  The  order  of  the  drynkyn  and  dynner  in  the 
evening  prayer,  viz.  spyce  cake,  good  bere  and  ale.  Sunday 
Dynner. — The  furste  course  :  frometye,  rost  byffe,  grene  gese, 
weale.  The  second  course :  capon,  pyggys,  lambe,  costard. 
Sunday  Soper :  Good  brothe  with  boyled  mete,  rostyd  mutton, 
capon,  lambe,  tarte.  Monday  Dynner:  Frometye,  rostyd  byffe, 
grene  gese,  lamb.  Note,  that  six  persons  to  every  mese,  two  grene 
gese  to  every  mese,  and  a  capon  to  a  mese.  The  person  appointed 
to  heyn  the  feast  refusing,  to  pay  io/.  to  his  successor  to  buy  things 
necessary1.' — (Swinden,  53-54.) 

In  1556,  the  corporation  resolved  that  the  money  owing  to  the 
Trinity  Gild  be  taken  to  the  use  of  the  town  wall,  and  in  1562, 
the  mace  appertaining  to  the  Trinity  Gild  was  given  to  the  water 
bailiff,  he  paying  two  shillings  yearly  to  the  church.  In  1574,  it 
was  resolved  that  the  money  heretofore  usually  paid  to  the  alder- 
man of  the  Trinity  Gild  by  the  members  of  the  corporate  body, 
on  being  sworn  in,  should  thenceforth  be  paid  to  the  chamber- 
lains.— (Manship,  245.) 

YOBK. 

'Thomas  de  Everwic  filius  Ulvieti  debet  i  fugatorem,  ut  sit 
Aldermannus  in  Gilda  Mercatorum  de  Everwic.' — (Magnum  Rot. 
Pipae,  31  Hen.  I,  p.  34.) 

'  Johannes  Dei  gratia,  etc.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  civibus  nos-  A.D.  1200. 
tris  de  Eboraco  omnes  libertates  et  leges  et  consuetudines  suas,  et 
nominatim  gildam  suam  mercariam  et  hansas  suas  in  Anglia  et 
Normannia,  et  lestagia  sua  per  totam  costam  maris  quieta,  sicut  ea 
unquam  melius  et  liberius  habuerunt  tempore  Regis  Henrici  avi 
patris  nostri.  Et  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus  quod  predictas 
libertates  et  consuetudines  habeant  et  teneant  cum  omnibus  liber- 
tatibus  predicte  gilde  sue  et  hansis  suis  pertinentibus,  ita  bene  et 
in  pace,  libere  et  quiete  sicut  unquam  melius,  liberius  et  quietius 
habuerunt  et  tenuerunt  tempore  predicti  Regis  Henrici  avi  patris 

1  Cf.  Manship,  54-55. 


280  Cfte  (fcilti  sgjercfmnt. 

YORK,  nostri,  sicut  carta  ejusdem  patris  nostri *  et  carta  Regis  Ricardi 
fratris  nostri  rationabiliter  testantur.  Preterea  sciatis  nos  conces- 
sisse  et  present!  carta  confirmasse  omnibus  civibus  nostris  Ebor' 
quietantiam  cujuslibet  theloney  et  lestagii  et  de  wrec  et  pontagii 
et  passagii  et  de  trespas  et  de  omnibus  coscinis  [i.e.  costumis]  per 
totam  A.ngliam  et  Normanniam  et  Aquitanniam  et  Andegaviam 
et  Pictaviam,  et  per  omnes  portus  et  costas  maris  Anglie  et  Nor- 
mannie  et  Aquitannie  et  Andegavie  et  Pictavie.  Quare  volumus 

anno  regni  nostri  primo.' — (Rot.  Chart.,  40.)     This  was 

A.D.  1252.  confirmed  by  a  charter  of  36  Henry  III. — (Drake,  Eboracum,  204.) 
A.D.  1581.      '  Regina  Omnibus  ad  quos,  etc.  salutem.     Cum  Prenobilis  Pro- 
genitor noster  henricus,  nuper  Rex  Anglie,  sextus  per  litteras  suas 
patentes,  gerentes  datam  apud  Westmonasterium  duodecimo  die 
A.D.  1430.  julii  anno  regni   sui   octauo,  dederit    et  concesserit  hominibus 
mistere  Marceriorum 2  Ciuitatis  nostre  Ebor'  quod  ipsi  deinceps 
essent  et  forent  vna  et  perpetua  communitas,  et  quod  eadem  com- 
munitas  eligere  posset  in  die  Annunciacionis  beate  Marie  quolibet 
anno  de  seipsis  vnum  Gubernatorem  ac  duos  Custodes  ad  super- 
uidendum,  regendum  et  gubernandum  misteram  et  communitatem 
predictam; — Cumque  iam  credibiliter  informamur  quod  Mercatores 
Ciuitatis  nostre  Ebor'  multa  et  grandia  detrimenta  indies  sustinu- 
erint  super  mare  per  magnum  numerum  piratarum,  ac  quamplurima 
alia  dampna  et  detrimenta  per  Bankruptes,  iidemque  Mercatores 
[...],  ex  quo  pons  eorum  de  Owse  cedidit  tarn  racione  rudcorum 3 
dicti  pontis  adhuc  in  aqua  de  Owse  existen[cium]  et  remanenfcium] 
quam  diuersorum  naufragiorum  in  alto  mare  et  in  predicta  aqua, 
per  que  mercatores  Ciuitatis  predicte  multifaria  dampna  sustinue- 
runt  multaque  maiora  sumptus  et  onera  facere  et  perferre  cogantur 
in  deferendo  bona  et  mercandisas  eorum  vsque  Ciuitatem  predic- 
tam  quam  preantea   soliti  sunt; — Ac  eciam  pro  eo  quod  iidem 
mercatores  artibus  et  opificibus  manuariis  destituti  sunt,  Ita  quod 

1  Cf.  Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  P-  I737- 

2  In  this  grant  of  8  Henry  VI  the  Company  is  only  called  '  Mercers '  ('  mistera 
mercerie,'  *  communitas  mercerorum,'  etc.),  and  not,  as  later, '  Merchant  Adven- 
turers,'—  Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  8  Hen.  VI,  pars  2,  mem.  30. 

3  I.e.  'niderum.' 


proofs  ann  illustrations,          281 

cum  semel  in  pauperitatem  inciderint,  sibi  ipsis  auxiliari  et  inde  YORK. 
emergere  nullo  modo  possunt,  sed  ex  charitate  et  eleemosinis 
locupleciorum  virorum  eiusdem  societatis  viuunt,  qui  similiter 
onerantur  magno  numero  pauperum  in  hospitale  suo  sancte  et  in- 
diuidue  Trinitatis  Ciuitatis  predicte  morancium,  in  eorum  magnos 
sumptus  et  custagia ; — Necnon  pro  eo  quod  maxima  pars  merca- 
torum  in  dicta  Ciuitate  commorancium,  qui  pro  arte  ilia  deseruie- 
runt,  in  magnam  pauperitatem  et  decasum  ducantur,  racione  quod 
alii  qui  pro  arte  ilia  nunquam  deseruiebant  se  intrudunt  et  intro- 
mittunt  in  mercandisis  tradendis  in  Ciuitate  ilia  absque  aliqua 
gubernacione  siue  correccione,  non  habentes  inde  aliquam  egesta- 
tem  sed  solum  ad  eorum  auidam  cupiditatem  satisfaciendam,  ad 
extremum  decasum  mercatorum  et  ad  magnum  nocumentum  et 
abreuiamentum  custume  nostre,  que  antehac  soluta  fuit  per  multos 
diuites  mercatores  eiusdem  Ciuitatis,  qui  modo  racione  intrusionis 
predicte  non  sunt  habiles  in  mercandisis  tractandis,  sicut  preantea 
solebant,  contra  formam  legum  et  statutorum  huius  regni  nostri,  vt 
credebiliter  informamur.' 

The  Queen  in  consideration  of  all  these  evils  allows  them  to  elect 
yearly  '  vnum  Gubernatorem  et  octodecem  assistentes  ad  superui- 
dendum,  gubernandum  et  regendum  omnes  mercerios  et  merca- 
tores Ciuitatis  predicte  imperpetuum  ' ;  to  constitute  a  corporation 
'  per  nomen  Gubernatoris,  assistencium  et  societatis  mercatorum 
aduenturarum  Ciuitatis  Ebor' ' ;  to  have  perpetual  succession  and 
a  common  seal;  to  plead  and  to  be  impleaded;  to  hold  lands  and 
chattels  not  exceeding  the  clear  annual  value  of  £40.  They  are 
to  assemble  yearly  on  the  26th  of  March  to  choose  a  Governor, — 
*  nominare  tres  de  magis  idoneis  personis  existentibus  liberis  de 
mercatoribus  aduentur'  Anglie  ac  de  societate  predicta,  de  quibus 
ipsi  eligent  vnum  per  suffragium  eiusdem  societatis  aut  maioris  partis 
eiusdem.'  If  the  Governor  dies  while  holding  office,  a  successor 
is  to  be  chosen  to  serve  the  remainder  of  the  term.  The  Company 
shall  also  elect  a  Deputy  Governor  and  the  eighteen  Assistants, 
the  latter  to  remain  in  office  until  removed  by  a  majority  of  the 
said  Company.  They  may  receive  into  the  Fraternity  all  persons 
whom  they  consider  proper  and  who  have  served  an  apprenticeship 


282  Cfje  (SilD  egjercfmnt 

YORK,  of  seven  years  or  have  exercised  merchandise  ten  years.  The 
Company  is  granted  power  to  try  all  suits  arising  among  its 
members,  or  between  the  latter  and  others ;  to  make  reasonable 
acts,  constitutions,  laws  and  ordinances  for  the  good  government  of 
the  Society  and  of  all  exercising  the  art  or  mystery  of  merchants 
or  mercery  ('arte  siue  mistera  mercatorum  siue  merceriorum ') 
within  the  city  and  suburbs,  and  to  alter  the  same  at  their  discretion, 
provided  they  are  in  accord  with  the  royal  prerogative  and  the 
laws  of  the  land ;  to  enforce  these  acts  and  ordinances  by  fine  and 
imprisonment  against  all  members  of  the  Fraternity  and  against 
'quamcumque  aliam  personam  siue  quascumque  alias  personas 
intromittentem  siue  intromittentes  cum  exercicio  et  vsu,  aut  que 
imposterum  intromittent  vel  intromittet  cum  exercicio  vel  vsu, 
mercature  *,  aut  que  exhibebunt  aut  vendicioni  exponent,  aut  per- 
mittent  in  eius  vel  eorum  domo  vel  domibus  exhiberi  vel  vendicioni 
exponi,  aliquas  merces,  bona  siue  mercandisas  crescentes,  factas 
siue  importatas  a  partibus  trans  mare,  piscibus  et  sali  tantummodo 
exceptis,  infra  Ciuitatem  nostram  Ebor'  vel  libertatem  et  suburbium 
eiusdem ' ;  all  the  fines  thus  levied  to  be  for  their  sole  use. 

'  Et  vlterius  de  vberiori  gracia  nostra  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et 
successoribus  nostris  volumus  ac  per  presentes  firmiter  iniungimus 2 
et  mandamus  tarn  omnibus  et  singulis  persone  et  personis  nunc 
existentibus  vel  imposterum  futuris  membrum  siue  membra  pre- 
dicte  societatis  siue  corporis  corporati,  ac  omnibus  et  singulis  aliis 
persone  et  personis  intromittentibus  cum  exercicio  siue  vsu,  aut 
que  imposterum  intromittent  cum  exercicio  siue  vsu,  mercature  ali- 
quibus  viis  vel  modis  infra  eandem  Ciuitatem  Ebor'  et  suburbium 
eiusdem,  quod  ipsi  et  eorum  quilibet  submittent  seipsos  et  in 
omnibus  erunt  obedientes  predicto  Gubernatori  siue  Deputato  ac 
Assistentibus  predictis  et  eorum  successoribus  et  eorum  cuilibet, 
ac  omnes  predictos  actus,  ordines,  regulas,  leges,  ordinaciones  im- 
posterum fiendos  et  habendos,  vt  "predicitur,  absque  defleccione, 
renunciacione  siue  inobediencia  potestatis  vel  aucthoritatis  eorun- 
dem  Gubernatoris  vel  deputati  et  Assistencium,  et  absque  aliqua 
vlteriore  appellacione  siue  prouocacione  quacumque.  Ac  eciam 
1  MS.  '  mercator'.'  »  MS.  '  injungendV 


proofs  anD  3[llustratton&          283 

quod  Maior,  Vicecomites,  Justiciarii,  Balliui  et  alii  Officiarii  et  YORK. 
Ministri  Ciuitatis  nostre  Ebor',  et  eorum  quilibet,  pro  tempore 
existentes,  de  tempore  in  tempus  imperpetuum  supportabunt  pre- 
dictos  Gubernatorem  siue  Deputatum  et  Assistentes  societatis  pre- 
dicte  pro  tempore  existentes,  ac  eius  et  eorum  suecessores,  Necnon 
Ministros  et  Officiarios  eorum  et  eorum  quemlibet  in  debita  execu- 
cione  predictorum  legum,  actuum  et  ordinacionum,  et  in  punicione 
offendencium  et  transgrediencium  eas  per  penas  et  penalitates 
limitatas  et  appunctuatas  siue  limitandas  et  appunctuandas  in  eis- 
dem  legibus,  actibus  et  ordinacionibus  factis  per  predictos  Guber- 
natorem, assistentes  et  societatem  siue  maiorem  partem  eorum. 
Et  si  predictus  Gubernator  aut  Deputatus  vel  eius  aut  eorum 
suecessores  pro  tempore  existentes  cum  assensu  predictorum 
Assistencium  siue  maioris  partis  eorum  committent  vel  mittent 
aliquem  de  societate  vel  corporacione  predicta  vel  quemcumque 
alium  subditum  nostrum,  heredum  vel  successorum  nostrorum, 
non  existentem  de  eadem  societate,  alicui  custodi  Gaole  siue 
prisone  pro  fraccione  vel  perpetracione  contra  aliquem  predictorum 
actuum,  ordinacionum  siue  legum  factorum  aut  imposterum  fiend- 
orum, — Tune  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus  ac  pro  nobis,  heredi- 
bus  et  successoribus  nostris  per  presentes  concedimus  quod  quo- 
cienscumque  de  tempore  in  tempus  Gardianus  siue  Gustos  Gaole 
siue  prisone,  aut  Gardiani  vel  Custodes  Gaolarum  siue  prisonarum, 
reciperint  in  eius  vel  eorum  prisonas  aliquam  talem  personam  vel 
tales  personas  sic  offendentes  que  ei  vel  eis  misse  vel  commisse 
fuerint,  et  ibidem  saluo  custodient  huiusmodi  personam  et  personas 
sic  commissas  ad  proprium  sumptum  et  custagium  eiusdem  persone 
siue  earundem  personarum  sic  commissarum  vel  committendarum, 
absque  ballio  siue  manucapcione,  quousque  dictus  offendens  vel 
offendentes  exonerati  fuerint  de  imprisonamento  predicto  per  pre- 
dictos Gubernatorem  siue  Deputatum  et  assistentes  vel  maiorem 
partem  eorum  aut  per  suecessores  suos  ;  ac  quod  nos  aut  heredes 
vel  suecessores  nostri  aliquo  modo  non  exonerabimus  aut  delibe- 
rabimus  extra  custodiam  siue  prisonam  super  plegio,  ballio,  manu- 
capcione aut  aliter  aliquem  sic  offendentem  siue  aliquos  sic  offen- 
dentes absque  concensu  predictorum  Gubernatoris  vel  deputati  et 


284 

YORK.  Assistencium  vel  maioris  partis  eorum  pro  tempore  existencium  aut 
successorum  suorum  quos[c]umque,  donee  ipsi  sic  imprisonati  et 
eorum  quilibet  sic  imprisonatorum  obediuerint  et  perimpleuerint 
ac  obediuerit  et  perimpleuerit  omnia  iuxta  dictos  actus,  statuta  et 
ordinaciones  factos  aut  imposterum  fiendos,  vt  predictum  est,  ac 
eciam  soluerint  et  soluerit  talem  finem  et  tales  fines  ac  huiusmodi 
penaltates,  forisfacturas  et  amerciamenta  que  eis  vel  eorum  alicui 
adiudicabuntur  soluere  per  predictos  Gubernatorem  aut  deputatum 
et  Assistentes  et  eorum  successores  pro  tempore  existentes  vel 
maiorem  partem  eorum  assistencium  pro  aliquibus  huiusmodi  suis 
transgressionibus,  abusibus  et  offensis  commissis  siue  committen- 
dis,  sicut  predictum  est,  contra  aliquem  Actum,  statutum,  regulam 
vel  ordinacionem  factum  aut  imposterum  fiendum,  concernentem 
artem  siue  occupacionem  mercature  ;  et  quod  bene  liceat  et  licebit 
prefatis  Gubernatori  siue  Deputato,  Assistentibus  et  communitati 
societatis  predicte  et  eorum  successoribus  pro  tempore  existentibus 
aut  maiori  parti  eorum  amouere,  eiicere  et  expellere  a  societate 
predicta  omnes  et  omnimodas  huiusmodi  personam  et  personas 
que  commisserint  aut  perpetrauerint  aliquam  magnam  transgres- 
sionem,  abusum,  offensam  vel  contemptum  versus  aliquem  predic- 
tum actum,  leges,  statuta  et  ordinaciones  factos  vel  faciendos,  vt 
predictum  est,  in  ea  parte. 

Ac  eciam  concessimus  ac  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus 
nostris  per  presentes  concedimus  prefatis  Gubernatori,  assistentibus 
et  societati  mercatorum  aduenturarum  Ciuitatis  Ebor'  predicte  et 
eorum  successoribus  pro  tempore  existentibus  vel  maiori  parti 
eorundem  quod  ipsi  habeant  et  habebunt  plenam  potestatem  et 
legittimam  auctoritatem  de  tempore  in  tempus  omnibus  temporibus 
imposterum  imperpetuum  assignandi,  constituendi,  faciendi  et 
ordinandi  duos,  tres  aut  plures  scrutatores  eiusdem  societatis,  qui 
omnibus  temporibus  imposterum  de  tempore  in  tempus,  ad  eorum 
beneplacitum  et  quandocumque  eis  visum  fuerit  idoneum  et  con- 
ueniens,  inquirent  et  scrutari  facient  tarn  de  omnibus  et  singulis 
personis  de  societate  siue  corporacione  predicta  existentibus  quam 
de  quibuscumque  aliis  subditis  nostris,  heredum  et  successorum 
nostrorum  infra  Ciuitatem  nostram  Ebor'  aut  suburbium  eiusdem 


Proofs  ami  3(llusttation&  285 

qui  nunc  exercent  vel  imposterum  exercebunt  mercaturam  aliqui-  YORK. 
bus  viis  siue  mediis,  tarn  propter  illicita  pondera,  mensuras  et 
vlnas,  quam  eciam  propter  illicitas  et  fraudulentas  merces  et  mer- 
candisas ;  et  quod  predict!  Gubernator  vel  deputatus  et  assistentes 
pro  tempore  existentes  vel  maior  pars  eorundem  compellere  possint 
aliquam  personam  siue  aliquas  personas  existentes  de  societate 
predicta  aut  aliquem  alium  subditum  nostrum  ac  heredum  et 
successorum  nostrorum  in  hac  parte  offendentem  reparare  et 
emendare  eandem  offensam,  et  pro  delicto l  commisso  amerciare, 
mulctare  vel  imprisonare  iuxta  discrecionem  dictorum  Gubernatoris 
vel  deputati  et  assistencium  pro  tempore  existencium  aut  maioris 
partis  eorum,  modo  et  forma  predictis.' 

Furthermore,  they  may  appoint  an  officer  or  officers  to  collect 
all  amerciaments  for  offences  thus  committed  and,  in  default  of 
payment,  may  arrest  any  person  or  seize  his  goods  and  chattels. 
All  are  admonished  to  uphold  the  Society  in  the  exercise  of  these 
concessions.  Those  who  do  this  will  merit  the  Queen's  favour, 
while  those  who  do  otherwise  will  incur  her  anger. — (Record  Office^  A.D.  1581. 
Patent  Roll  23  Eliz.  pars  4,  mem.  20-22.) 

This  Company  of  Merchant  Adventurers  is  still  in  existence 2. 

YOUGHAIi. 

'  Rex  omnibus  ad  quos,  etc.  salutem.  Cum  lane  et  flocci  regni  A.D.  1617. 
nostri  Hibernie  antehac  non  fuerunt  conuersi  et  operati  in  pannum 
et  alias  manifacturas,  sicut  lane  et  flocci  huius  regni  nostri  Anglie 
sunt  et  fuerunt,  nee  populi  illius  Regni  nostri  Hibernie  negociati 
fuerunt,  anglice  have  bene  sett  on  Worke,  in  conuersione  et  manufac- 
tura  eorundem,  sed  lane  et  flocci  illi  antehac  tempora  fuerunt 
transportati  et  exportati  in  partes  exteras  et  alienas  in  exteris  et 
alienis  nauibus  et  vasibus,  ad  graue  preiudicium  vendicionis  et 
vtteracionis  pannorum  et  manufacturarum  Regnorum  nostrorum 
Anglie  et  Hibernie  et  in  magnam  depauperacionem  subditorum 
nostrorum  regni  nostri  Hibernie,  qui  seipsos  in  et  circa  operacionem 

1  MS.  'dil'co.' 

a  Cf.  Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  pp.  1761-1762  ;  Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1870,  p.  no. 


286  c&e  (Silfl  agercfmnt* 

YOUGHAL.  predictomm  lanarum  et  floccorum  exercere  valeant  et  desiderant; 
Cumque  lane  dicti  regni  nostri  Hibernie  antehac  tempera  non 
fuerunt  bene  ordinate  seu  digeste  nee  secundum  morem  stapule 
operate  et  pro  vesturis  aptate,  ex  quo  quodlibet  genus  lane  conuer- 
sum  foret  in  pannum  abinde  aptum  et  idoneum,  sed  fuerunt  pro- 
miscue  et  indiuisim  conuerse  in  diuersa  genera  manufacturarum, 
anglice  vocatarum  Cadowes,  Blancketts,  frizes  and  course  jRugges, 
et  in  alias  manufacturas  parui  valoris,  ad  permagnum  et  generale 
dampnum  subditorum  nostrorum  ac  deperditur[am]  nostri  in 
Customis  et  Subsidiis  nostris, — Nos  remedium  congruum  et  refor- 
macionem  in  premissis  prouidentes  et  consulentes  et  adintencionem 
quod  lane  illius  regni  nostri  Hibernie  fore  possint  stapulate,  ordi- 
nate, digeste,  divise  et  idonee  facte  pro  omnibus  generibus  panni 
et  aliarum  manufacturarum  secundum  bonitatem  et  qualitatem 
cuiuslibet  generis  et  qualitatem  earundem  lanarum,  Quodque 
eedem  lane  valeant  et  possint  esse  sic  stapulate,  ordinate  et 
diuise,  vt  meliori  modo  quo  poterit  forent  operate,  facte  et 
conuerse  in  pannum  et  alias  manufacturas  infra  predictum  reg- 
num  nostrum  Hibernie ;  ac  pro  meliori  animacione  subditorum 
nostrorum  eiusdem  regni  nostri  Hibernie  ad  nutriendum  et  fouen- 
dum  quamplurimos  oues  diuersorum  generum  ac  ad  replendum 
et  depascendum  terras,  agros  et  vasta  sua  idonea  cum  eisdem ; 
Necnon  pro  meliori  et  ciciori  vendicione  ac  vendicioni  exposicione 
lanarum  suarum  ad  bona  et  resonabilia  precia  ac  pro  incremento 
nauigacionis  et  nautorum  infra  dictum  regnum  nostrum  Hibernie  in 
et  circa  premissa,— Nobis  bonum  visum  fuit  et  videtur  dare,  con- 
cedere  et  dignari  Mercatoribus  Stapule  et  Successoribus  suis  im- 
posterum  futurps]  ville  nostre  de  Youghall'  in  Prouinicia  Momonie 
infra  regnum  nostrum  Hibernie  inferius  specificatis  plenam,  inte- 
gram  et  liberam  licenciam,  potestatem  et  authoritatem  exportandi 
et  abcariandi  extra  predictam  villam  de  Youghall'  omnia  genera 
lanarum,  floccorum  lanarum,  et  pellium  ouium  et  agnorum  mortu- 
orum,  anglice  Mortkynes,  fili  lanei,  pellium  lanatorum  et  aliorum 
pellium,  anglice  vocatorum  Sherlinges^  pelts  6°  lamskyns,  et  im- 
portandi,  deponendi  et  exonerandi  eadem  ad  eorum  libitum  ad 
Ciuitates  et  oppida  inferius  nominata  tantummodo  infra  hoc  regnum 


proofs  ann  3[llustration&  287 

nostrum  Anglic.  Et  vt  regalis  nostra  intencio  in  premissis  pro  YOUGHAL. 
bono  et  vtilitate  dilectorum  subditorum  nostrorum  vtrorumque 
dictorum  regnorum  nostrorum  cicius,  melius  et  efficacius  perfici 
et  effici  possit, — Sciatis  quod  nos  de  gracia  nostra  speciali  ac 
ex  certa  sciencia  et  mero  motu  nostris  pro  nobis  heredibus  et  suc- 
cessoribus  nostris  volumus,  ordinamus  et  per  presentes  pro  nobis, 
heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  concedimus  quod  Nicholaus 
Galwan',  Walterus  Vnet,  Willielmus  llewelline,  Lionellus  Cranfeild 
Miles,  Johannes  Poyntes  Miles,  Ricardus"Weston'  Miles,  Thomas 
Lake,  Arthurus  Lake,  Nicholaus  ffortescue,  Ricardus  Wright, 
Ricardus  Galthorpe,  Arthurus  Kynnaston',  Georgius  Mole,  Johannes 
Avery,  Jacobus  Coppinger,  Thomas  Ronayne,  Edwardus  Coppinger, 
Willielmus  Noagle,  Christmas  Hertford',  Johannes  Rowley,  Ma- 
theus  ffloyer,  Thomas  Houldshipp,  Johannes  Gorman',  Nicholaus 
Miiaghe,  Pieres  Miiaghe  et  Lancelotus  Dalston',  sint  vna  societas, 
communitas  et  corpus  incorporatum  de  se  [in]  re  et  nomine ; 
habeantque  successionem  perpetuam  perpetuis  futuris  temporibus 
duraturam.  Ac  sint  et  erunt  in  re,  facto  et  nomine  vnum  corpus 
incorporatum  per  se  imperpetuum  per  nomen  Maioris,  Consta- 
bulariorum  et  Societatis  Mercatorum  Stapule  ville  de  Youghall' 
in  Prouincia  nostra  Momonie.' 

Furthermore,  the  Society  may  annually  elect  a  Mayor  and  two 
Constables  of  the  Staple,  who  shall  have  the  same  powers  as  the 
Mayor  and  Constables  of  the  Society  of  the  Merchants  of  the 
Staple  of  England.  They  have  power  to  plead  and  be  impleaded 
in  courts  of  law ;  to  admit  new  members  into  the  Society ;  to 
appoint  and  remove  all  officers  of  the  Staple  ;  to  make  all  reason- 
able ordinances  necessary  for  their  good  government,  in  like 
manner  as  the  Merchants  of  the  Staple  of  England  ;  to  freely  deal 
in  all  kinds  of  wool,  wool-fells,  woolen  thread,  woolen  flocks,  sheep- 
skins, '  mortkyns '  and  other  skins  known  in  English  as  *  sherlings, 
pelts  and  lambskyns'  produced  in  Ireland,  and  to  ship  the  same  to 
London,  Bristol,  Chester,  Barnstaple,  Liverpool  and  Milthropp, 
paying  on  the  same  various  customs,  which  are  specified ;  to  sell 
the  said  goods  in  the  said  towns  and  in  all  other  places  assigned 
for  the  staple  of  wool,  notwithstanding  the  Statutes  of  1 3  Henry 


288  Cfce  ©ilD  a@ercfmnt, 

YOUGHAL  VIII.  c.  22,  8  Henry  VIII.  c.  18,  n  Eliz.  c.  10,  13  Eliz.  c.  i,  13 
Eliz.  c.  4,  or  any  other  Statutes ;  to  have  charge  of  the  King's 
beam  for  the  weighing  of  the  above-mentioned  merchandize ;  to 
have  all  the  laws  and  franchises  enjoyed  by  the  Society  of  the  Mer- 
chants of  the  Staple  of  England  ;  and  to  hold  lands  and  tenements 
A.D.  1617.  not  exceeding  the  clear  annual  value  of  £20. — (Record  Office^ 
Patent  Roll  15  Jac.  I,  pars  io;  No.  16.) * 

• 
1  Cf.  Caulfield,  Council  Book  of  Youghal,  p.  xxxii. 


proofs  ann  3[llu0tration& 


ANDOVEB  l. 

'  Morespeche  *  in  Vigilia  epiphanie  Anno  regni  regis  Edwardi     AN  DOVER. 

[I]  septimo.  A.D.  1270. 

Stephanus  Nuteflod  petit  societatem  Gildanorum ;  habeat  et 
faciat,  etc. ;  et  intrauit  per  Ix.s. 

Gilebertus  miles  petit  quod  possit  habere  Gildam  Aubree  filii 
Galfridi  Garlik,  quam  proponit  aue[rar]e ;  in  misericordia ; 
habeat,  etc. 

Radulphus  Erchebaud  in  misericordia  pro  Johanne  Messeger  ;  Quietus, 
vadiet  coram  senfescallis]  ii.  solidos,  et  accipient  v\.d. 

Johannes  Horn  petit  vnam  Gildam  que  fuit  Willielmi  Horn, 
aui  sui,  quam  dedit  Willielmo  Scrapin,  Auunculo  suo,  ad  vitam 
suam  et  non  ulterius ;  Petrus  Scrapin  ponit  se  super  rotulum  de 
ilia  Gildaj  dicunt  quod  Petrus  habet  Jus  ad  illam  Gildam  per 
filium  Willielmi,  fratris  sui. 

Alexander  Riche  petit  dare  Margerie,  cognate  sue,  Gildam  que 
fuit  Johannis  de  chelbacun' ;  habeat,  etc. 

Walterus  Red  petit  locum  in  foro  qui  fuit  Walteri,  patris  sui, 
quern  locum  Willielmus  Goldston  ei  deforciat ;  habeat,  sicut  pater 
eius. 

1  King  John's  grant  of  the  Gild  to  Andover  (see  above,  p.  3)  was  confirmed 
by  many  of  his  successors, — Munic.  Corp.  Com.  1835,  P-  IQ8i. 

2  This  membrane  measures  i6|  by  6|  inches.     Though  the  writing  is  well 
preserved,  it  is  difficult  to  decipher  some  of  the  words.     To  this  and  the  other 
Andover  Gild  Rolls  from  which  I  give  extracts  below,  the  following  general 
remarks  will  apply : — They  are  all  parchments.     Both  sides  are  written  upon, 
and  all  are  well  preserved,  unless  otherwise  stated  in  the  foot-notes.     In  the 
entries  '  de  placito  transgressionis,'  the  nature  of  the  offence  is  rarely  recorded,. 
All  the  Gild  records,  except  the  Maneloquium  books,  are  catalogued  in  the 
Andover  archives  as  No.  31,  '  A  large  number  of  miscellaneous  documents  and 
papers.' 

U 


tto  sgercfmnt 

AN  DOVER.  De  Willielrno  Winter  quomodo  recedet  et  qualem  gratiam 
habebit ;  dicunt  quod  hucusque  tenuerunt  eum  pro  libero,  et 
tenebunt  donee  aliud  fiat  de  illis. 

Idem  de  Henrico  Haunuil'.     Idem  de  ceteris. 

Thomas  Spircoc  per  preces  Gildanorum  admittit  senescalliam  *. 

Potatio  fiet  die  dominica  post  hokeday. 

Idem 2  considerant  quod  sen[escalli]  et  iiiior.  Gildani  intererunt 
ad  coligendum  debitum  quod  continetur  in  veteri  rotulo,  et  quod 
habeant  predictos  denarios  ad  proximam  potationem. 

A.D.  1279.          Morespeche  die  ueneris  ante  Festum  apostolorum  Philippi  et 
Jacobi  Anno  regni  regis  [Edw.  I]  septimo. 

Auicia  filia  Alani  petit  Gildam  que  fuit  Alani  sutoris,  patris  sui. 
Dicunt  quod  bene  sciunt  qui  heres  est ;  et  est  in  respectum  usque 
proximam  morespeche. 

Walterus  longus  petit  Gildam  que  fuit  Acelote,  sororis  sue; 
habeat  et  faciat  quod  pertinet  ad  illam  Gildam.  Item,  considerant 
[quod]  idem  Walterus  soluet  ariragia  de  Gilda  quam  dedit  filie  sue 
tanquam  plegius.  Walterus  renunciat  Gildam. 

Petrus  Golding  petit  dare  vnam  Gildam  Ricardo  Osward,  illam 
Gildam  que  fuit  Auicie  filie  Kel' ;  habeat  et  faciet  que  pertinent  ad 
Gildam,  eteciamsacramentum,  quod  non  recipit;  et  inueniet  plegios. 

Memorandum,  quod  carnifices  occasionentur,  eo  quod  diuidunt 
carnes  suas  super  diuersis  Scabellis,  unde  probi  homines  conque- 
runtur.  Dicunt  quod  quamuis  plures  emunt  animalia  plura  uel 
vnum  animal,  uendatur  super  unum  stallum  et  non  super  plures 
stallos,  sub  pena  \\\.d. 

Item,  de  piscariis  considerant  quod  nullum  habeant  extraneum 
participem,  nisi  sit  de  ista  uilla,  de  re  que  sit  vendita  in  ista  uilla, 
sub  pena  xii.</. 

De  Thoma  Fromund  dicunt  quod  ipse  et  omnes  alii  qui  sunt 
in  libertate  bene  possunt  emere  de  quibuscumque  uolunt  et 
munire  venditores  quod  faciant  consuetudinem. 

Prouisum  est  quod  nullus  carpentarius  emet  meremium  infra 
villam  ad  regratandum,  sub  pena  amisionis  meremii. 

1  Either  this  should  read  'admittitur  in  senescalliam,'  or  'admittit'  stands 
for  *  amittit.'  2  I.  e.  '  Item.' 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  Illustrations.  291 

Item,   nullus  regratarius  emet  Gallinas,  oua,  capones,  ancas,      AN  DOVER. 
pullos,  carnes,  pisces,  donee  probi  homines  de  uilla  et  de  patria 
emerunt;  et  si  inueniantur  hoc  facere,  capietur  in  manus  balli- 
uorum  ante  primam,  nee  sub  simultate  debent  emere  ad  opus 
aliorum  per  fraudem. 

Item,  prouisum  est  quod  nullus  in  libertate  uel  extra  quod 
nullus  ponderabit  filacium  nee  lanam  donee  bursa  veniat  foras, 
sub  pena  vi.  d. 

Potatio  fiet  die  dominica  post  ascencionem  domini. 

Johannes  Soeer'  petit  dare  Gildam  Johanni  Picard ;  habeat  et 
faciat  que  debet  unus  et  alter ;  Picard  dabit  pro  sacramento  ii. 
solidos ;  soluit. 

Petrus  Red  promittit  vi.*/.,  vt  possit  habere  locum  suum  quern 
Solide  tenet,  qui  quidem  itus  fuit  Thome  Solide.  Dicunt 
quod  idem  Solide  ueniet  et  respondeat  de  quo  tenet,  si  iuste 
in  parte  dei ;  sin  autem,  dictus  Petrus  habebit,  si  ius  habet. — 
Idem  Petrus  soluit  vi.^.,  die  veneris  proxima  post  Festum  sancte 
Lucie. 

Magister  Johannes  petit  dare  Gildam  que  fuit  Claricie  Gos 
Willielmo,  Fratri  suo  ;  habeat  et  faciet  quod  facere  debet. 

Alexander  Riche  petit  Justicium  in  gildam  que  fuit  Roberti 
Cole,  sicut  heres  suus,  per  unum  Thomam,  qui  fuit  films  Agmundi 
marescalli  j  habeat  et  faciat,  saluo  jure  omnium. 

Thomas  Riche  petit  locum  in  foro  qui  fuit  Thome  Breghe,  aui 
aui  sui ;  habeat  et  gaudeat. 

Johannes  I[n]gulf  distringatur  pro  Johanne  Robin,  et  est  in  Quietus, 
misericordia  ;  plegii  uolunt   quod  distringatur,  et  soluat  miseri- 
cordiam  vi.  d. ;  soluit. 

Proxima    morespeche   die   martis    post    ascencionem    domini  A.D.  1279. 
M".  CC^    Anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  septimo. 

Johannes  de  Wimeledon'  petit  dare  vnam  Gildam,  etc.,  fratri  Memorandum, 
suo ;  dicunt  quod  uolunt  scire  que  Gilda  est  •  et  si  poterit  Juste 
Intrare,  bene  concedunt. 

Quod  Walterus  de  Werewelle  resignauit  Gildam  suam  Johanni  Memorandum. 
Osward,  illam  Gildam  quam  dedit  cum  Juliana  Osward,  cognata 
sua,  ad  vitam  predicte  Juliane. 

U   2 


2Q2 


Cfte  (Site  egjercfmnt* 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D.  1280. 


Querela. 


Valentinus  petit  dare  Gildam,  que  fuit  Sibille,  filie  sue  ;  ponitur 
in  respectum  usque  ad  proximam  morespeche. 

Ricardus  Goudlac  petit  dare  Gildam  que  fuit  Roberti  fratris 
sui  Johanni  fratri  suo  ;  habeat  et  faciat  quod  facere  debet. 

Thomas  Beupayn  ponit  se  super  Forwrdmannos  quod  non 
tenetur  aliquid  super  Gildam  quam  tenet,  pro  qua  interrogatus  fuit 
soluere  suum  bans.  Dicunt  quod  illud  quod  inuenitur  in  the- 
sauro  l  non  potest  contradici  nee  debet,  et  si  uult  sequi  et  soluere 
que  debet,  habeat ;  sin  autem,  capiatur  in  manus  Gildanorum. 

Margeria  Gode  petit  gratiam  Gildanorum,  eo  quod  ignoranter 
experta  est  De  Gilda  quam  Alexander  ei  dederat.  Dicunt  quod 
per  licenciam  Alexandri  habebit  Gildam  Roberti  Cole,  que  con- 
siderata  est  predicto  Alexandro. 

Nigellus  Richensam  petit  dare  vnam  Gildam  Petro  filio  Ade  le 
Wite  ;  habeat,  et  faciant  quod  non  dant,  neque  recipit.' 


*  Proxima  Morespeche 2  die  veneris  post  festum  purificacionis 
anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  [I]  octauo. 

[Three  more  petitions  concerning  admission  to  the  Gild.] 

Simon  Sumer  queritur  super  Johannem  Brun  et  petit,  etc. ;  et 
habet  diem  ad  probandum  die  veneris  ad  xv.  dies,  si  poterit  pro- 
bare  bene  quid  per  tres  Gildanos ;  sin  autem,  Johannes  faciet 
sicut  curia  considerabit. 

Stephanus  Wluel  facit  se  essoniari  per  Walterum  Chafin  de 
communi  sumonicione. 

[Two  petitions  to  transfer  gilds,  '  dare  gildam.'] 

Querela  Stephani  Orpede  super  Stephanum  Wluel. 

[Two  more  entries  similar  to  this  follow.] 

Ricardus  Cor 3  de  Hungerford  petit  societatem  Gildanorum  ; 
habeat  et  faciat  que  facere  debet ;  pro  quo  Alexander  soluit 
dimidiam  marcam. 

Johannes  Ingulf  in  misericordia  quia  retraxit  se  versus  Petrum 
Scrapin,  de  quo  querelatur. 

1  MS.  '  thesharo.' 

2  1 3  by  7  inches  ;    slightly  injured ;   the  meetings  of   1 2  Edward   [I]    are 
recorded  on  the  dorse.  3  ?  Coi. 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  illustrations*  293 

Consideratum  est  per  forwardmannos  quod  Thomas  le  Riche     AN  DOVER. 
erit  pincerna  de  domo  superiori. 

Item,  monstratum  fuit  quod  sutores  istius  uille  et  alii  uenditores 
sotular'  [the  entry  is  not  completed  in  the  MS.]. 

Proxima  Morespeche  die  veneris  ante  festum  beate  Lucie  Vir-  A.D.  1283. 
ginis  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  [I]  xii°. 

Willielmus  Ingulf  optulit  se  uersus  Johannem  le  May  apparen- 
tem,  et  petunt  prece  parcium  diem  amoris,  et  habent. 

[Two  petitions  concerning  admission.] 

Proxima  Morgespech  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  sancti  A.D.  1284. 
Gregorii  anno  Edwardi  regis  xii°. 

Johannes  le  May  uersus  Willielmum  Ingulf  de  placito  trans-  Essoniatus. 
gressionis,  et  habent  diem  usque  ad  proximam  Morgespeche. 

[Three  entrance  petitions.] 

Concessum  est  per  consideracionem  gildanorum  quod  Magister 
Adam  Richemund  quod  habeat  tota  [vita  sua]  vinarium  ad  domum 
sancti  Johannis  pro  xii.  denariis  soluendis  fratribus  et  sororibus 
dicte  [domus],  si  dicti  fratres  et  sorores  concenciant ;  habeat  et 
gaudeat  et  faciat  iura  domus. 

Proxima  Morspech  die  Mercurii  proxima  post  festum  Palmarum  A.D.  1284. 
anno  Edwardi  regis  xii°. 

[Two  entrance  petitions.] 

Prouisum  est  ex  consideracione  formannorum  quod  potacio  fiet 
die  dominica  proxima  post  Hokeday. 

Memorandum,  quod  Alexander  Riche  habet  in  custodia  sua  de 
denariis  gildarum  xiiii.j.  h..d. 

Prouisum  est  quod  omne  marettum  ponitur  in  seu[er]allo  a  festo 
Pasche  usque  in  festo  sancti  Petri  qui  dicitur  ad  uincula ;  et  sunt 
custodes  Alexander  Riche,  Thomas  Spircoc  et  Thomas  le  Riche. 

Morspech  die  Martis  proxima  post  invencionem  sancte  crucis  A.D.  1284. 
anno  Edwardi  regis  xii0.' 

[Five  entrance  petitions.] 


*  Morgespeche l  Gildanorum  de  Andeuere  die  Veneris  in  festo 

1  Originally   13   by  8  inches;    almost  one  half  of  the  membrane  is  now 
wanting. 


294  Cfce  <SilD  a^ercfwnt. 

AN  DOVER.  Sancti  Edmundi  Episcopi  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  [I]  vicesimo' 
is  the  last  heading  on  a  portion  of  a  membrane  which  originally 
A.D.1289-02.  contained  the  record  of  six  meetings  held  in  the  years  17-20 
Edward  [I],  Most  of  the  entries  related  to  admissions  to  the 
Gild.  Two  ordinances  were  passed,  but  the  membrane  is  so 
much  mutilated  that  they  cannot  be  deciphered. 


A.D.  1296.  <  Poruu l  est,  le  Mekerdy  en  la  veylle  de  la  seynt  Lucie  en  le 
An  du  Rengne  le  Rey  Edward  [I]  vynt  et  sink,  par  les  seneschaus 
e  seus  ke  sunt  en  la  Gilde  Marchaunte,  ke  nul  homme  ne  deyt 
desoremes  Gilde  vendre  ne  doner  vtre  le  tirs  degre,  e  ceus  pae- 
rent  demy  Mark  a  la  Meysun ;  e  si  le  pere  le  done  a  son  fys,  il 
paera  deus  503. 

A.D.  1297.  [There  was  a  *  morghespeche '  on  Friday  preceding  Ascension- 
day,  25  Edward  [I],  and  another  on  Friday  next  after  the  festival 
of  Dionysius  in  the  same  year.  Two  transfers  of  gilds  took 
place  at  the  former  and  two  more  at  the  latter.] 

A.D.  1298.  Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Dunstani  Anno  xxvi°. 

Ricardus  le  Curpse  petit  societatem  Gildanorum. 
Dulcia  Leiard  petit  Gildam  que  fuit  Isabelle  Syward,  sororis 
sue. 

»-y.  Thomas  Remond  petit  gildam  que  fuit  Petri  Remond,  patris 

sui ;  habeat  et  faciat  Jura. 

"•J-  Thomas  le  Riche  petit  quod  possit  dare  gildam  que  fuit  Walteri 

le  Wyse  Alicie,  vxori  eius.     Idem  Thomas  habet  duas.     Habeat 
alteram  et  faciat  Jura. 

Johannes 2   Hughet    petit    gildam   que   fuit  W.,    fratris   sui ; 
habeat. 

ii.j.  Thomas  Guide  petit  quod  possit  dare  i.  gildam  Auicie,  vxori 

eius ;  habeat  et  faciat  Jura. 

Amicia  filia  Henrici  Goudghir  petit  gildam  patris  sui ;  habeat 
et  faciat  Jura. 

1  19  by  6|  inches.     On  a  small,  narrow  slip  sewed  to  this  membrane  are 
twenty-seven  names,  '  Jur[atus] '  being  placed  after  all  but  three. 

2  MS.  '  Joh'e.' 


proofs  ano  3[llustratton&  295 

Johannes  Astild  petit  gildam  que  fuit  Petri  Alayn ;  habeat  et     AN  DOVER. 
gaudeat. 

Dulcia  Leiard  petit  quod  possit  dare  gildam  Emme,  filie  sue ;  Us. 
habeat  et  faciat  Jura. 

Johannes  Hughet  petit  reward  gildanorum  de  eo  quod  Johannes 
Spirekoc  vendidit  locum  ad  gildam  suam  spectantem,  dummodo 
idem  Johannes  Hughet  fuit  in  custodia. 

[Five  more  entrance  petitions.] 

Morghespeche  die  Lune  in  festo  translacionis  Sancti  Nicholai  A.D.  1300. 
Anno  xxviii0. 

[Five  petitions  for  membership.] 

Mattheus  Erchebaud  petit  quod  possit  dare  alteram  gildam  respectu. 
suam  Waltero,  filio  suo. 

Johannes  Houe1  et  Auicia,  vxor  eius,  queruntur  de  vxore  J. 
Hathewlf  in  placito  quod  eadem  eis  deforciat  vnum  locum. 

Memorandum  de  Dimidia  Marca  que  remanet  in  manu  Ade 
de  Marisco  de  Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post 
festum  Sancti  Dunstani  Anno  xxvi°. 

[A  woman  seeks  a  gild  in  the  name  of  her  son ;  and  John  Aldred 
finds  a  surety  to  prosecute  H.  Cheke.] 

Morghespeche  die  veneris  in  festo  Sanctorum  Fabiani  et  Se-  A.D.  1301. 
bastiani  Anno  xxix°. 

Felicia,  vxor  Johannis  Hathewlf,  uersus  Johannem  Houe  et 
Auiciam,  vxorem  eius,  de  placito  vnius  placee  pertinentis  ad 
gildam  mercatoriam,  per  Jacobum  Prat. 

[Seventeen  entrance  petitions  follow ;  in  the  margin  opposite 
one  of  them  are  the  words,  '  Vacat  quia  alius  heres.'] 

Morghespeche    tenta    die   veneris   in   vigilia   Annunciacionis  A.D.  1301. 
beate  Marie  Anno  xxix°. 

Consideratum  est  quod  omnes  busseli,  lagene  vini  et  seruisie, 
et  omnes  alie  Mensure  sigillantur  cum  singno  domini  Regis  in 
Ebdomoda  Pasche  ad  vltimum ;  et  si  qua  predictarum  Mensu- 
rarum  sine  singno  imposterum  inueniatur,  capiatur,  et  ille  cuius 
Mensura  fuerit  grauiter  amercietur. 

Consideratum  est  insuper  quod   bestie   nullius   intrent  Cimi- 

1  ?Hone. 


296 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D.  1302. 


terium  nee  ibi  pascantur;    set  si  prior  ue^  vicarius  herbagium 
velint  possidere,  metant  et  asportant  pro  voluntate. 

Consideratum  est  insuper  quod  Ricardus  Kyng  reddat  com- 
potum  suum  de  ouibus  et  eorum  exitibus  ecclesie  nostre  die  Jouis 
in  septimana  Pasche. 

Consideratum  est  quod  telonium  tenentium  Alberti  de  Tarent' 
capiatur,  videlicet  de  Hussebu[rne]  et  alibi. 

Consideratum  est  quod  mangne  campane  non  pulsantur  nisi 
pro  morte  hominis  plenam  etatem  habentis,  et  hoc  vsque  dee:j ; 
et  quod  alie  minime  campane  pro  puero  vii.  annorum  intestate. 

Consideratum  est  quod  Mariscus  ponatur  in  defensionem  a  die 
Annunciacionis  beate  Marie  vsque  ad  Ascencionem  domini.  Ita 
quod  nullius  porci  nee  alie  bestie  ibidem  intrent  vsque  diem  pre- 
dictum. 

Morghespeche  Die  Jouis  in  festo  Sancti  Petri  in  cathedra  anno 
tricesimo. 

Memorandum,  quod  cum  Hospitale  Sancti  Johannis  Baptiste  de 
Andeuere  tenebatur  domino  Johanni  Barefot  capellano  in  sexa 
ginta  solidis  sterlingorum,  dictus  Johannes  remisit  toti  communi- 
tati  de  Andeuere  de  anno  vicesimo  octauo,  nono  et  tricesimo,  pro 
viginta  solidis. 

Willielmus  films  Rogeri  Asselin  dat  Petro,  fratri  suo,  vnam 
gildam  liberam  mercatoriam ;  habeat  et  gaudeat,  pro  introitu 
dimidiae  marcae ;  plegius,  Nicholaus  Selide. 

Willielmus  Porekyr  dat  Johanni  filio  Agnetis  vnam  gildam ; 
habeat  et  gaudeat,  pro  introitu  dimidiae  marcae ;  plegii,  Nicholaus 
Selide,  Johannes  Astil.' 


A.D.  1302.          <  Morghespeche  l  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Edmundi 
Archiepiscopi  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  [I]  xxx°. 

Philippus  le  Ryche  petit  nomine  vxoris  sue  gildam  que  fuit 
Petri  atte  Welle  vt  proximus  heres. 

Habeat  et  Petrus  le  Frye  petit  quod  posset  dare  Josepho  de  Wherewelle 

dedit  dimidiam 

marcam.          gildam  suam,  q[uiaj  nepos  ems  in  secundo  gradu. 


1   15  by  8  inches. 


@>upplementarp  proofs  ann  ^lustrations,  297 

Johannes  Attebrygende  petit  Societatem  Gildanorum.     Plegii      AN  DOVER. 
J.  le  Whyte,  N.  Selyde  et  J.  Goude.  respectuT 

Stephanus  Foghel  petit  quod  posset  dare  Gildam  que  fait  ma-  Dimidia 
tris  sue  Roberto,  fratri  suo ;  habeat,  etc. 

[Twelve  brief  entries  follow,  similar  to  the  above,  being  petitions 
for  admission  or  for  the  transfer  of  membership.  There  is  also 
mentioned  a  plea  against  the  widow  of  Henry  Cheke,  '  in  placito 
vnius  Gilde.'] 

Prouisum  est  per  forwardmannos  quod  Johannes  Spirekoc, 
Petrus  de  Marisco,  Philippus  le  Ryche,  Nicholaus  Spirekoc, 
Johannes  Oriold,  Adam  de  Marisco  et  Willielmus  Kyng,  super- 
videant  loca  et  ordinaciones  et  emendas,  provt  viderint  melius 
expedire  pro  tota  Communitate. 

Petrus  le  Frye  det  domui  ii.s.  pro  introitu  Gilde  Roberti,  fratris 
sui,  q[uia]  Custumarius ;  istud  statutum  obseruetur  de  omnibus 
custumariis  hereditar[ie]  intrantibus.  Plegius,  J.  de  Ponenton'. 

Albreda,  vxor  Thome  le  Ryde,  det  pro  introitu  gilde  sue  Jura  respectu. 
domus  ;  plegius,  Adam  de  Marisco. 

Christina,  vxor  Willielmi  Osward,  petit  quod  posset  dare  gildam  Det  dimidia 
suam  Willielmo,  viro  suo ;  habeat  ad  totam  vitam  suam,  et  det  n 
Jura  domus. 

Thomas  Red  petit  quod  possit  dare  gildam  suam  Roberto  le  Dimidia 
Whyte,  nepoti  suo  ;  habeat,  etc. ;  plegii,  Thomas  Stur  et  Johannes  marca- 
le  Whyte. 

Johannes  Flygham   in   misericordia  pro   transgressione   facta  xii.  d, 
Alexandro  le  Skynnere ;  plegii,  R.  Walklyn  et  J.  Goude,  Junior. 

Willielmus  Auncel'  in  misericordia  pro  transgressione  facta  Jo-  xii.  d. 
hanni  Ernoue ;  plegius,  R.  Picard. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Mercurii  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1302. 
Edmundi  Regis  Anno  xxx°  primo  [Edwardi  I.] 

Alexander  le  Skynnere  uersus  Johannem  Flygham  de  placito  Aff[idat]. 
transgressionis,  per  Jacoburn  Prat. 

[Five  petitions  relating  to  membership,  and  two  fines  for  trans- 
gressions.] 

i 

Johannes  Sausir  in  misericordia  quia  defecit  de  lege  sua  uersus  vi.aT. 
Martinum  Fabrum. 


298 


©iin 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D.  1302. 


A  D.  1303. 


yi.s.  \\\\.d. 


A.D. 1303. 


Alexander  le  Skynnere  facit  defectum  uersus  Johannem  Flyg- 
ham  in  placito  transgressionis  ;  ideo  dist[ringatur]. 

Johannes  Osward  petit  quod  possit  dare  vnam  Gildam  Johanni, 
fratri  suo. 

[Two  petitions  concerning  new  members.] 

Alex,  le  Skynnere  in  misericordia  pro  pluribus  defactibus  factis 
uersus  Johannem  Flygham  *. 

Consideratum  est  per  omnes  foreworwannos  quod  vidue,  dum- 
modo  se  tenuerint  sine  marito,  quiete  sint  de  omni  consuetudine, 
facta  consideracione  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  beati  Nicho- 
lai  anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  xxxi°. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Gregorii  Anno  xxxi°  [Edw.  I], 

Magister  Johannes  Asse  petit  quod  posset  dare  gildam  suam 
Rogero  de  Clatford  Juniori  et  Alicie  vxori  eius  et  heredibus  ipsius 
Alicie ;  habeant,  etc. ;  plegii,  R.  Picard  et  Johannes  Goude. 

[Five  new  members,  the  fee  being  in  most  cases  6os.  Also  two 
transfers  of  membership.] 

Thomas  Selyde,  Johannes  de  Ponynton',  Johannes  Spirekoc, 
Thomas  le  Ryche,  Henricus  de  Morton',  Willielmus  de  Templo, 
Nicholaus  Selyde,  Philippus  le  Ryche,  Petrus  de  Marisco,  Williel- 
mus Lucas,  Johannes  Osward,  Johannes  Oriold,  Robertus  de 
Elledon',  Johannes  Goude  senior,  Johannes  le  Whyte,  electi  sunt 
ad  prestandum  fidele  consilium  et  auxilium,  quocienscumque  ne- 
cesse  fuerit,  pro  libertate  saluanda. 

Memorandum,  quod  Johannes  Spirekoc  rec[epit]  de  Rogero 
Ingulf  xxvi.  s.  viii.</.,  et  de  Johanne  attebrygende  xxvi.j.  viii.^.,  et 
de  Petro  Goldyng  \\.d.  Summa  \\ii.s.  x.d.' 


1  Morghespeche 2  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Barnabe  anno  xxxi°  [Edw.  I], 

Memorandum  de  Iv.s.  ix.d.  remanentibus  in  manibus  Balli- 
vorum,  Johannis  Spirekoc,  Petri  de  Marisco  et  Ade  de  Marisco, 
prout  patet  in  diuersis  bilettis,  qui  sunt  in  manibus  eorum.' 


1  There  is  a  blank  space  in  the  MS.  between  this  and  the  following  entry. 

2  J3  by  7  inches. 


Supplementary  proofs  ano  3[llustratton&  299 

[Five  petitions  to  enter  the  Fraternity  or  to  transfer  gilds  follow*     AN  DOVER. 
For  the  former  the  fee  was  still  6os. 

At  a  '  morghespeche '  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  -A..D.  1303. 
St.  Luke  '  anno  xxxi0,'  there  were  eight  petitions  similar  to  the 
preceding.  '  Thomas  Remond  reddidit  gildam  suam  Domui  ad 
opus  Radulphi  Coci  et  Johanne,  vxoris  sue,  sororis  dicti  Thome, 
et  heredum  ipsius  Johanne ;  habeat  et  faciat  Jura  domus.'  Each 
of  the  six  new  members  admitted  presented  four  pledges. 

On  the  dorse  of  the  same  membrane  is  the  record  of  five 
morghespeche-meetings,  held  on  the  Fridays  next  after  the  fes- 
tivals of  St.  Matthias,  32  [Edw.  I];  the  deposition  of  St.  Swithin, 
32  [Edw.  I] ;  the  translation  of  the  blessed  Thomas,  32  [Edw.  I]  ; 
St.  Luke  the  Evangelist,  32  [Edw.  I]  ;  and  on  Friday  in  the  fes- 
tival of  St.  Vincent,  33  [Edw.  I].  There  are  six,  eight,  one,  one, 
and  seven  entries  respectively,  almost  all  of  them  petitions  similar 
to  those  already  given.  Here  are  the  most  interesting  : — ] 

'  Johannes  Arnoue  petit  quod  possit  dare  alteram  Gildam  suam,  A.D.  1304. 
videlicet,  illam  que  (sic)  habet  hereditarie,  Waltero  fratri  suo '  (32 
Edward  I). 

'  Adam  Vicar'  receptus  est  in  gildam  mercatoriam,  habendam 
ad  totam  vitam  suam'  (32  Edward  I). 

'  Ricardus  Walklyn  optulit  se  uersus  J.  Flygham  non  apparen- 
tem;  ideo  preceptum  est  quod  distringatur '  (32  Edward  I). 

'  Johannes   Broun   et   Matillida,  vxor  eius,   vadiant  emendas  A.D.  1305. 
Ballivis,  pro  eo  quod  q[ueritur]  de  eisdem  iniuste  Domine  Marie 
filie  R[egis]  et  Domino  J.  de  Bynstede '  (33  Edward  I). 


'  Morghespeche 1  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1307. 
Vincencii  anno  xxxvto  [Edw.  I]. 

Rogerus  le  Schetere  petit  gildam  que  fuit  Philippi,  fratris  sui ; 
habeat  et  det  Balliuis  ii.s.,  et  Senescallis  xii.*/. 

Johannes  Broun  uersus  W.  Begaunt  de  placito  debiti,  vnde  lex 
per  W.  Lucas.  Idem  W.  optulit  se  uersus  eundem  in  placito  pre- 
dicto  ;  et  habent  diem  ad  proximam. 

1  20^-23  by  6|  inches. 


300 


to  figetcfmnt 


ANDOVER. 
A.D.  1307. 


A.D.  1307. 


A.D.  1307. 


dimidia 
marca. 


i.  marca. 


A.D.  1307. 


Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Mathie  Apo- 
stoli  anno  supradicto. 

Consideration  est  quod  Willielmus  Begaunt  recuperet  uersus 
Johannem  Broun  iii.s.  \Ld.  per  defectum  ipsius;  et  remanet  in 
misericordia. 

Johannes  Chire  dat  vnam  Gildam,  que  fuit  Valentini,  Rogero 
fratri  suo ;  et  idem  dabit  dimidiam  marcam ;  plegii,  J.  Chyre  et 
J.  de  Aqua. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Gregorii  pape  anno  supradicto. 

[Two  entrance  petitions.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Marci  Ewangeliste  anno  supradicto. 

Thomas  Guide  uersus  Rogerum  le  Schetere  de  placito  deten- 
cionis  cuiusdam  Loci,  per  J.  Saucir.  Idem  Rogerus  optulit 
se  uersus  eundem  de  eodem  ;  et  habent  diem  die  veneris 
sequenti. 

Rogerus  Selyde  petit  quod  possit  dare  gildam  suam  cum  loco 
adiacente  Thome  Haywode  et  Agneti,  filie  ipsius  Rogeri,  et  here- 
dibus  de  corpore  ipsius  Agnetis  procreatis ;  et  testificatum  est  per 
N.  Selyde  et  W.  Flemyng  quod  predictus  T.  est  liber  homo ;  ideo 
predicta  gilda  concessa  est  eisdem,  ut  predicitur ;  et  faciat  Jura 
domus ;  plegii,  Nicholaus  Selyde,  Willielmus  Flemyng,  Ricardus 
Kyng. 

Ricardus  Harold  petit  societatem  gildanorum ;  habeat  et  faciat 
Jura  domus ;  plegii,  Robertus  de  Wodynton',  Thomas  Stur,  Jo- 
hannes Astild  et  Philippus  Riche. 

Galfridus  le  Skynnere  reddidit  in  Manus  gildanorum  gildam 
suam;  et  habet  ii..f. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  translacionis  beati  Ri- 
cardi  anno  xxxvto. 

Rogerus  Ingulf  uersus  Petrum  Asselyn  de  placito  transgressionis 
per  W.  Lucas.  Idem  Petrus  optulit  se  uersus  eundem  Rogerum 
in  placito  predicto  ;  et  habent  diem  ad  proximam,  videlicet,  hodie 


in  xv. 


Misericordia.        Robertus  Smalhach  vadiat  emendas  de  eo  quod  arestauit  J. 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  Illustrations.  301 

% 

Goude,  contra  constitucionem  Gildanorum  ;  plegii,  R.  de  Clatford     AN  DOVER. 
et  P.  le  Ryche. 

Johannes  le  fayt  de  Andeuere  petit  societatem  Gildanorum ; 
ponitur  in  respectu  usque  ad  proximam. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Aposto-  A.D.  1307. 
lorum  Petri  et  Pauli  anno  xxxvto. 

[Two  pleas  of  transgression.] 

Petrus  Asselyn  optulit  se  uersus  Rogerum  Ingulf  non  apparen- 
tem  in  placito  transgressionis  ;  ideo  distringatur  per  libertatem 
suam  quousque  inuenerit  plegios. 

[One  admission  to  the  Gild.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Annun-  A.D.  1308. 
ciacionis  beate  Marie  anno  primo. 

[Three  petitions  to  transfer  gilds.] 

Willielmus  Gilbe  in  misericordia  pro  Petro  le  Beyr.  Misericordia, 

iin.d. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  ante  festum  Sancte  A  D  1308 
Margarete  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  secundo. 

Thomas  Guide  uersus  Rogerum  le  Schutere  de  placito  deten- 
cionis  cuiusdam  loci. 

[Three  petitions  for  the  gildship.] 

Johannes  Flygham  conuictus  est  quod  maledixit  Nicholaum  de 
Holte ;  ideo  vadiet  eidem  emendas,  et  remaneat  in  misericordia ; 
plegii,  N.  Selyde  et  P.  de  Marisco. 

Prouisum  est  quod  nullus  Carnifex  decetero  vendat  Carnes 
Coccas,  nee  eius  vxor,  sub  pena  dimidie  Marce. 

Item,  prouisum  est  quod  nullus  cocus  nee  alii  extranei  decetero 
emant  pissem  recentem,  Capones,  gallos,  Ancas  nee  alia  Vola- 
tilia  nee  Oua,  antequam  prima  pulsatur,  sub  pena  xii.</.  Et  si 
secundo  conuicantur  super  hoc,  habeant  collistrigium  ;  et  ad  hoc 
assingnantur  R.  Walklyn  et  Robertus  de  Elledene. 

Auicia,  vxor  Johannis  le  Knyst,  petit  quod  possit  dare  gildam 
suam,  que  fuit  Alicie  la  blake,  Jacobo  filio  suo  ;  habeat  et  gaudeat. 

[At  a  '  morghespeche  '  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  A.D.  1310. 
the  translation  of  Thomas  the  Martyr,  4  Edward  [II],  '  Thomas 
le  Drapir  de  Wollop '  was  allowed  to  enter  the  Gild  for  6os., 
finding  four  sureties.] 


302 


Cfje  ®ilD  sgercfmnt 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D.  1310. 


A.D. 1308. 


A.D.  1300. 


A.D. 1309. 


Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis  anno  supradicto. 

Robertus  Becke  petit  societatem  Gildanorum. 

Memorandum,  quod  debentur  Communitati  Iv.s.  x.d.,  de  qui- 
bus  in  tallagiis  xxxii.j1.  vi.d.  Item  J.  Spirekoc  respondit  de  x.s., 
et  J.  Chyre  xiii.s.  iiii.d.  Vnde  debentur  Capellano  Sancti  Johannis 
xxviii.  s. ;  et  sic  remanent  xxvii.j1.  x.d.  ad  respondendum  Communi- 
tati.'   

'  Morghespeche1  tenta  die  Mercurii  proxima  post  festum  Sancte 
Katerine  Anno  Regis  Edwardi  [II]  Secundo. 

[Eleven  petitions  concerning  membership.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Conver- 
scionis  beati  Pauli  Anno  Supradicto. 

Memorandum,  quod  Johannes  dictus  sutor,  Capellanus,  dat 
Luminari  beati  Johannis  Baptiste  ad  domum  beati  Johannis 2 
duas  Libras  Cere,  percipiendas  de  Galfrido  Triturator'  et  vxore 
eius  pro  quodam  prato  in  Chur[c]hstret  ad  totam  vitam  eorum  per 
Magistrum  domus  Sancti  Johannis;  et  post  decessum  predictorum 
Galfridi  et  vxoris  eius,  pratum  predictum  remanet  domui  Sancti 
Johannis  imperpetuum. 

Memorandum,  quod  Johannes  Custos  domus  Sancti  Johannis 
resignauit3  Comunitati  omne  Jus  quod  habuit  racione  custodie 
predicte  domus  tali  condicione  quod  Idem  Johannes  remanet 
frater  in  domo  predicta  ad  totam  vitam  suam. 

[Next  are  recorded  two  admissions  to  the  Gild  at  the  '  morghes- 
peche'  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Barnabas, 

2  Edward  [II],  and  two  more  on  Friday  preceding  Michaelmas, 

3  Edward  [II],  the  payment  in  each  case  being  60^.] 
Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  ante  festum  Sancti 

Andree  Apostoli  Anno  supradicto  [3  Edw.  II]. 

Rogerus   Ingulf  vadiat   Gilde   Mercatorie   vnam   pipam  vini, 

1  16  by  6|-8|  inches. 

2  For  a  brief  account  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  John,  see  Woodward,  Hampshire, 
iii.  167-170;  Monast.  Anglic.,  vi.  761. 

3  MS.  '  resingtrit.' 


Supplementary  proofs  ano  3lllustration&  303 

precii  xx.s. ;    soluend[o]  mediet[atem]  citra   festum  Pasche,  et      AN  DOVER. 
alia  medietas  ponitur  in  respectu  prout  se  gerit  contra  Qfueren]- 
tem ;  plegii,  J.  de  Ponenton'  et  Nicholaus  de  Holte. 

Radulphus  de  Wotton'  petit  quod  possit  dare  gildam  que  fuit 
J.  fratris  sui,  Alicie  filie  sue ;  habeat  et  Gaudeat ;  plegii,  Thomas 
Stur  et  Radulphus  de  Wotton'. 

Thomas  Spirekoc  dat  vnam  Gildam  cum  Loco  adiacente 
Rogero  filio  suo ;  habeat  et  Gaudeat. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Circum-  A.D.  1310. 
cisionis  domini  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  [II]  tercio. 

Ricardus  Kyng  in  misericordia  quia  retraxit  se  uersus  Johan- 
nem  Goude  Juniorem  in  placito  transgressionis ;  plegius,  Johannes 
Goude  predictus. 

Johannes  Goude  Junior  in  misericordia,  quia  non  est  presens 
uersus  Ricardum  Kyng  in  placito  transgressionis ;  plegius,  dictus 
R.  Kyng. 

Willielmus  atte  Schamele  uersus  Willielmum  Quenyld  de  placito  Essoniatus. 
transgressionis  per  Robertum  Capellanum. 

Willielmus  Quenyld  uersus  Willielmum  atte  Schamele  esson-  Affidabit 

f*1  t^T"J5 

iatus  in  placito  transgressionis,  per  Rogerum  atte  Wode.  proximam 

Johannes    de   Escote   petit   quod   possit   dare   Gildam   suam  respectu. 
Hereberto  filio  suo ;  ponitur  in  respectu  citra  proximam. 

Morghespeche   tenta   die   veneris   proxima   post   Epiphaniam  A.D.  1310. 
domini  Anno  supradicto. 

Willielmus  Garscoyn  in  misericordia  pro  Willielmo  atte  Scha- 
mele ;  plegii,  N.  Selyde  et  J.  Goude  Junior. 

[At  the  meetings  held  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Vin- 
cent, 3  Edward  [II],  and  Friday  next  before  All  Saints,  5  Edward  A.D.  1310. 
[II],  there  were  in  all  five  petitions  for  admission.]  A>D- 1311- 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1311. 
Martini  Anno  supradicto. 

Thomas  Cole  de  Wollop  intrat  per  \x.s.  per  plegium  Johannis  Soluit  i.  mar- 
Goude  senioris,  Nicholai  Selyde,  Johannis  Osward  et  Johannis  c< 
Goude  Junioris. 

Nicholaus  de  Holte  electus  est  Senescallus  vna  cum  Henrico 
de  Mortone. 


304 


€&e  ®ilD  agetcftant 


AN  DOVER. 

A.D. 1312. 

ii.j. 


A.D.  1312. 

Dimidia 
marca. 


Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  ante  festum  Sancti 
Gregorii  pape  Anno  quinto. 

Johannes  de  Escote  petit  quod  possit  dare  gildam  suam  Huberto 
filio  suo ;  habeat,  etc. 

Prouisum  est  per  Consideracionem  Gildanorum  ne  aliqua 
braciatrix  vendat  amodo  Seruisiam  nisi  per  Mensuras  sigillatas 
de  communi  Sigillo,  sub  pena  ii.s. ;  et  hoc  citra  festum  Pasche 
proximo  sequens  quod  omnes  Mensure  sint  sigillate,  sub  pena 
predicta. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Marci  ewangeliste  Anno  supradicto. 

Henricus  de  Mortone  petit  quod  possit  dare  vnam  gildam 
quam  emit  de  domo  Ricardo  filio  suo ;  habeat  et  faciat  Jura 
domus ;  plegii,  dictus  Henricus,  Johannes  Wlfel,  W.  Lucas  et 
R.  Picard.' 

[Two  others  entered  the  Gild  at  this  meeting,  each  paying  the 
'  jura  domus,  videlicet,  Ix.j.'] 


A.D.  1312. 


Soluet  i. 
marcam  ad 
festum  S.Mich. 

Dimidia 
marca ;    habet 
diem  usque  ad 
festum  S.Mich. 

A.D.  1312. 


A.D.  1312. 


'Morghespeche1  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Augustini 
Anno  Regis  Edwardi  [II]  vto. 

Henricus  de  Mortone  petit  societatem  Gildanorum;  habeat, 
etc.,  et  intrat  per  \x.s. 

Ricardus  Snow  petit  quod  possit  dare  vnam  gildam  Waltero, 
fratri  suo,  que  est  in  domo  inferiori ;  habeat  et  faciat  Jura  domus ; 
plegii,  Willielmus  Lacy  et  Ricardus  Snow. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  translacionis  beati 
Edmundi  Anno  supradicto. 

[Two  transfers  of  gilds  to  relatives.] 

Memorandum,  quod  remanent  in  manibus  R.  Haunuyle  iiii.s. 
v\\\.d. 

Morghespeche  tenta  Die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Leonardi  Abbatis  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis  Edwardi 
sexto. 

1  10  by  5|-6  inches ;  written  on  one  side  only.  This  membrane  is  tied 
together  with  eight  others,  i.e.,  those  of  6-15  Edward  II  and  21-22 
Edward  III. 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  3|llustration&  305 

[Two  admissions  to  the  Gild ;  fee,  6os.  each.]  AN  DOVER. 

Morghespeche  tenta  Die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Circum- 

A..D.  1313. 

cisionis  Domini  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis  Edwardi 
sexto. 

Morghespeche  tenta  Die  veneris  in  crastino  Sancti  Petri  Apo-  A.D.  1313. 
stoli  quod  dicitur  in  Cathedra,  Anno  sexto. 

Robertus  Picard,  Johannes  Picard,  Johannes  Goude,  films 
Thome  Goude  senioris,  et  Willielmus  le  Wilde  manuceperunt 
quilibet  pro  toto  ad  acquietandum  Robertum  le  Haunuile  de 
omnibus  dampnis  et  expensis,  si  que  uel  quas  sustinuerit  occa- 
sione  cuiusdam  scripti  quinque  marcarum  eisdem  liberati,  quod 
scriptum  idem  Robertus  habuit  in  custodia  per  extradicionem 
Erch.  Boniare  petentis  et  Willielmi  Capoun  debentis. 

Adam  de  Pontfreyt  intrat  in  Gildam  Mercatorum  pro  IX..T.  ; 
plegii,  Johannes  Osward,  Edm.  de  Tangelighe,  Ph.  Dighere  et 
Joh.  Chire. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1313. 
Ambrosii  Anno  supradicto.' 

[One  transfer  of  a  gild  to  a  relative.] 


f  Anno1  Regis  Edwardi  [II]  vi*0.  et  viito. 

Plegii  J.  Wlfel, — Rogerus  de  Clatford,  Petrus  Asselyn,  Henricus 
de  Mortone,  J.  Goode  senior. 

Plegii  J.  Osward, — Rob.  Picard,  Thomas  Spirekoc,  Joh.  Chyre, 
Joh.  Aldred. 

Johannes  Goude  senior  est  ad  legem  se  vite.  manu  quod  non 
procurauit  Malum  fieri  Johanni  de  Ponenton',  nee  ipsum  con- 
tempsit,  die  Sancti  Stephani  Anno  vto.,  nee  in  crastino ;  plegius, 
J.  Osward. 

Philippus  Brykeuile  vadiat  J.  de  Ponenton'  emendas  de  trans- 
gressione  sibi  facta ;  [four  sureties]. 

Johannes  Stur  est  ad  legem  se  vita.  manu  quod  non  venit  die 
Sancti  Stephani  Anno  vto.  cero  nee  in  crastino  in  Andeuere  et 
ipsum  et  familiam  suam  insultauit,  verberauit  nee  wlnerauit,  nee 

1  io|  by  6|  inches. 


ANDOVER.     per  procurationem  suam  Malum  recepit,  nee  ipsum  contempsit, 
sicut  queritur ;  plegii,  R.  Capellanus  et  Thomas  Stur. 

[John  Picard  and  Thomas  Lacy  are  *  ad  legem '  for  the  same 
offence ;  and  John  Wolfel  and  John  the  son  of  Thomas  Goude 
are  pledged  to  make  amends  to  John  Ponenton  for  transgressing 
against  him.] 

Idem  Johannes  vadiat  Nicholao  Selyde  emendas  de  eo  quod 
ipsum  contempsit  vocando  ipsum  bribour,  latronem  et  Ribaldum, 
et  quod  ipsum  verberauit,  wlnerauit  et  maletractauit ;  [four  sure- 
ties]. 

Johannes  Picard  vadiat  eidem  N.  emendas  de  transgressione 
sibi  facta ;  plegii,  R.  Picard  et  P.  Asselyn. 

Preceptum  est  summonere  Jacobum  le  Knyst  ad  respondendum 
N.  Selyde  ad  proximam  in  placito  transgressionis. 

A.D.  1313.          Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  ante  festum  Simonis 
et  Jude  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  Septimo. 

[One  admission  to  the  Gild  ;  fee,  6oj.] 

A.D.  1313.          Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Leonardi  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  viimo. 

[Six  entries  concerning  membership.] 

Ex  consideracione  tocius  Gildanorum  quod  si  aliquis  tenens 
domini  Regis  obierit  extra  Manerium  domini  Regis,  -dorninus- 
feodi — iKras — ybi — obierit — habeat  melius  auerium  quod  Balliui 
domini  Regis,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint,  habeant  secundum  melius 
auerium,  facta  ordinacione  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum 
Sancti  Leonardi  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis  Edwardi 
septimo. 

A.D.  1314.         JVIorghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Annun- 
ciacionis  beate  Marie  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  septimo. 

[Seven  petitions  for  admission.] 

Johannes  Saucer,  Robertus  Pycard,  Willielmus  Lacy,  Philippus 
Brykeuylle,  Rogerus  Robyn,  obligant  se  daturos  communitati  x.s. 
pro  eo  quod  omnes  ferri  emptores  et  venditores  remanent  et 
stabunt  apud  la  Wych.' 


S>upplementarg  Proofs  anD  illustrations.  307 

1  Morghespeche *  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti      AN  DOVER. 

Kenelmi  Martiris  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  [11]  Octauo. 

A.D.  1314. 

Rogerus  Ingulf  est  ad  legem  uersus  Gildanos  de  quibusdam 
articulis  super  eum  inpositis  secundum  ordinacionem  Gildanorum, 
per  plegium  Johannis  Goude  et  Johannis  Saucer. 

Edmundus  de  Tangelye  est  ad  legem  uersus  Johannem  de 
Ponynton'  quod  non  inprisonauit  Johannem  Porkere,  Manu- 
pastum  dicti  Johannis  de  Ponynton',  sicut  ei  inponit  secundum 
ordinacionem  Gildanorum. 

Dies  datus  est  inter  Nicholaum  de  Holte,  Edm.  de  Tangelye 
et  Joh.  Wolfel,  querentes,  et  Joh.  de  Ponynton3,  deforciantem, 
citra  diem  dominicam,  per  visum  Will,  vicarii,  Hen.  de  Mortone 
et  Joh.  Goude  ex  parte  predictorum,  et  per  visum  Ricardi  de 
Marisco,  Egidei  le  Poer  et  Nich.  Selyde  ex  parte  Joh.  de 
Ponynton',  sub  hac  forma  quod  partes  alternatim  affidauerint 
fidem  eorum  quod  stabunt  ad  ordinacionem  predictorum. 

Johannes  Lotyn  vadiauit  Edm.  de  Tangelye  emendas  per  visum 
predictorum  et  ordinacionem,  si  inueniatur  culpabilis. 

Philippus  le  Dyghere  vadiat  Communitati  emendas  pro  eo 
quod  tenuit  faldam  suam  contra  ordinacionem  et  defencionem 
Communitatis,  per  plegium  Rob.  Pycard  et  Joh.  Goude 
Junioris. 

Philippus  Brykeuylle  vadiat  Communitati  emendas  pro  simili, 
per  plegium  Rob.  Pycard  et  Will.  Lacy. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1314. 
Jacobi  Anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  viii°. 

Nicholaus  Selyde  vadiauit  Communitati  dimidiam  marcam  pro  dimidia 
eo  quod  cues  sue  pascebant  pasturam  de  Andeuere,  et  falde  sue  marca- 
stant  in  Campis  de  Enham ;  plegii,  Joh.  Osward  et  Rob.  Pycard ; 
et  nichilominus  preceptum  est  quod  predictus  N.  faciat  remouere 
faldas  suas,  sub  pena  predicta. 

Rogerus  Ingulf  est  ad  legem  se  xiia.  Manu  uersus  Gildanos 
de  quibus  articulis  super  eum  inpositis ;  et  habet  diem  ad  proxi- 
mam,  per  plegios  predictos. 

Robertus  de  Woudynton'  queritur  uersus  Rogerum  Ingulf  in 

1  1 1  by  7 1  inches. 
X  2 


3o8 


lli  a^ercfmnt 


AN  DOVER,     placito  diffamacionis ;  et  est  ad  legem  se  uersus  eundum  Rober- 
tum  secundum  ordinacionem  predictam. 

Ex  consideracione  tocius  Gildanorum  ordinatum  est  quod  Job. 
de  Wymbeldon'  distringatur  per  libertatem  suam  veniendum  ad 
proximam  ad  respondendum  Communitati  super  diuersis  arti- 
culis. 

Ordinatum  est  quod  nullus  resettet  Mulierem  neque  hominem 
ad  glenandum,  dummodo  possint  deseruire  victum  et  stipendium, 
sub  pena  ii.s.  prius  ordinata. 

Adhuc  ordinatum  est  quod  nullus  ducat  aliqua  animalia  in 
communia  pastura  de  Andeuere,  nisi  essent  nutrita  et  sustenta 
apud  Andeuere  in  tempore  hyemali. 

A.D.  1314.          Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancte 
Fidis  virginis  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  viii°. 

Ex  consideracione  tocius  Gildanorum  Capiatur  libertas  Joh.  de 
Ponynton'  in  manus  Senescallorum,  pro  eo  quo  dictus  Johannes 
implacitat  visinos  suos  in  curia  domini  Regis  apud  Westmonas- 
terium,  antequam  Jus  ei  deseratur  in  Curia  propria,  contra 
ordinacionem  Gildanorum  et  contra  sacramentum  suum  pro- 
prium. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Dionisii  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  viii°. 

Thomas  de  Rumbrygge  petit  societatem  Gildanorum,  et  ponatur 
in  respectu. 

Adam  Blok  petit  societatem  Gildanorum ;  ponatur  in  respectu 
quousque  ad  proximam  Morghespeche.  Postea  forwardini  vene- 
runt  et  concordati  sunt,  et  concessum  est  ei ;  habeat  et  gaudeat ; 
plegii,  Ric.  Snow  et  Will.  Lacy.' 

[At  a  meeting  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St. 
A.D.  1315.      Michael  *  in  monte  tumba,'  9  Edward  [II],  there  was  one  peti- 
tion for  admission.     At  another  meeting  held  on  Monday  next 
A.D.  1315.      after  the  feast  of  St.  Luke,  one  person  entered  the  Gild ;  and 
*  Thomas  le  Breghe  est  ad  legem  se  via.  Manu  uersus  Senescallos 
Libertatis  quod  non  cooperuit  alios  Custumarios  per  Libertatem 
suam ;  plegius  de  lege,  Edm.  le  Breghe.'] 


A.D.  1314. 


respectu. 


Solu[et] 
ii.  marcas. 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  3(llustratton&  309 

1  Morghespeche l  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Natalis      ANDOVER. 
domini  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  [II]  Nono. 

A.D.  1315. 

Henricus  de  Mortone  optulit  se  uersus  Johannem  Kyng  non 

apparentem  in  placito  firme ;  ideo  distringatur. 

[At  a  '  Morghespeche '  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  purifica-  A.D.  1316. 
tion  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  there  were  four  applications  for  admission.] 

Johannes  films  et  heres  Ricardi  Kyng  vadiat  Henrico  de 
Mortone  xx..y.  pro  arreragiis  firme  de  Andeuere  de  tempore 
Ricardi  Kyng  et  Henr.  de  Mortone,  nuper  Balliuorum,  soluendos 
eidem  Henrico  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis  Archangeli  proximo 
sequens,  per  plegium  Edm.  de  Tangelye  et  Joh.  Osward. 

[At  a  '  Morghespeche '  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  festival  A.D.  1316. 
of  St.  Matthias,  9  Edward  [II],  there  was  a  plea  concerning  the 
detention  of  a  place  ('  unius  loci ') ;    and  John  Beuchamp  was 
admitted  to  the  Gild.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Georgii  Anno  A.D.  1316. 
Regni  Regis  Edwardi  Nono. 

Ordinatum  est  quod  quilibet  Carnifex  extraneus  veniat  quo- 
libet  die  in  septimana  et  vendat  Merces  suas  decetero  in  villa  de 
Andeuere,  et  quod  emant  et  mactant  in  eadem  villa  pro  volun- 
tate  sua.  Ita  quod  faciant  Balliuis  Libertatis  de  Andeuere  con- 
suetudinem,  prout  decet. 

[One  entrance  petition ;  and  a  person  appears  '  in  placito  de- 
tencionis  vnius  loci.'] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1316. 
Marci  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  Nono. 

Johannes  de  Ponynton'  uersus  Matillidam  la  Clothmangere  de  Essoniatus. 
placito  detencionis  vnius  loci,  per  Johannem  Scrapyn,  Capellanum. 

Henricus  de  Mortone  vadiat  Communitati  emendas  pro  eo 
quod  vendidit  vinum  contra  ordinacionem ;  [two  sureties]. 

Johannes  Porker  senior  vadiat  Communitati  emendas  pro  eo 
quod  vendidit  ceruisiam  contra  ordinacionem,  etc. ;  plegius,  Rog. 
Robyn. 

Alicia  atte  Schamele  vadiat  Communitati  emendas  pro  simili ; 
plegii,  Will.  Lacy  et  Rob.  de  Wodynton'. 

1  1 6  by  9!  inches. 


310 

AN  DOVER.  Ricardus  Arnold  summonitus  ad  respondendum  Communitati 
non  venit;  ideo  Capiatur  Libertas  in  mami  domus,  quous- 
que,  etc. 

Will.  Flemyng  vadiat  Communitati  emendas  pro  simili  vt 
supra:  plegius,  Thomas  Stuer. 

Joh.  Gautroc  vadiat  pro  simili  ;  plegius,  J.  Kyng. 
C.  le  Calewe   vadiat   pro  simili;   plegii,    N.   de  Holte  et  J. 
Spircok. 

Ricardus  de   Cutecumbe   vadiat   pro   eo   quod   vendidit   per 
mensuram  non  sigillatam ;  plegii,  R.  Capellanus  et  R.  Shutere. 
[Four  others  are  to  make  emends  '  pro  simili ']. 
Johannes   Kyng   in  misericordia   pro  eo  quod  vendidit   cer- 
uisiam  per  mensuram  non  sigillatam;  plegii,  Will.  Kyng  et  J. 
Gautroc. 

ii-5"-  Walterus  Red  vadiat  Communitati  emendas  pro  eo  quod  emit 

i.  bussellum  frumenti  pro  iils.,  desicut  testatum  est  quod  potuis- 
set  habuisse  pro  xxxii.^. ;  plegii,  Will.  Lacy  et  P.  Brykeuyle. 
"•J-  Ph.  Brykeuyle  vadiat  emendas  pro  simili ;  plegii,  W.  Lacy  et 

R.  Robyn. 

x»-^-  Agnes  Bud  vadiat  emendas  pro  eo  quod  vendidit  panem  factam 

pro  \.d.  et  contra  [etc.]  ;  plegii,  T.  Stuer  et  J.  Gautroc. 

Consideratum  est  quod  Libertas  Roberti  Horn  capiatur  in 
manu  domus  pro  eo  quod  iniecit  manum  in  Thomam  le  Bonyere, 
communem  seruientem,  et  pro  eo  quod  contempsit  communita- 
tem,  etc.,  quousque,  etc. 

Consideratum  est  quod  Libertas  Johannis  Horn  eodem  modo 
pro  simili. 

*«•<£  Robertus  de  Muleburne  vadiat  pro  eo  quod  coccauit,  ante- 

quam  elegit  vtrum  velit  Coccare  frumentum  vel  ordeum ;  plegius, 
N.  Selyde. 

Ricardus,  Balliuus  de  Remrigch,  petit  Societatem  Gilda- 
norum. 

[At  a  meeting  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  the 

A.D.  1316.      finding  of  the  Holy  Cross,  9  Edward  [II],  John  Horn,  Robert 

Horn  and  Richard  Arnold  were  fined  for  acting  contrary  to  the 

ordinances  of  the  Gild ;  each  of  them  found  two  sureties.     Wm. 


©upplementarp  Proofs  ann  3[llustrations,  311 

Lacy  was  fined  two  shillings  for   selling  his  beer  outside  the     AN  DOVER. 
town,  contrary  to  an  ordinance  before  ordained.] 

Ricardus  Croul  de  Loullynton'  intrat  in  Gildam  Mercatoriam  Soluit  quinque 
per  quinque  Marcas,  ita  quod  habeat  Locum  pertinentem   ad marcas- 
Gildam  predictam  ;  [four  sureties]. 

Johannes  de  Farham  petit  Societatem  Gildanorum ;  habeat  et  Soluit  i. 

•,  i  rr  -i  marcam. 

gaudeat  per  Ix.s. ;  [four  sureties  |. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancte  A.D.  1310. 
Petronille  virginis  Anno  Nono. 

Joh.  de  Ponynton'  uersus  Matillidam  que  fuit  vxor  Rogeri 
Paterich  in  placito  vnius  Locy,  per  Joh.  Scrapyn. 

[Peter  Asselyn,  Henry  Kyllere,  Reginald  le  Bud  and  John  le 
Calewe  are  each  'ad  legem  se  sexta  manu  quod  non  vendidit 
seruisiam  contra  ordinacionem.'] 

Willielmus  Osward  seriant  conuictus  est  quod  furniuit  panem 
frumenti  et  panem  ordei  contra  ordinacionem.  Ideo  considera- 
tum  quod  libertas  eius  capiatur  in  Manu  domus. 

[At  a  meeting  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Peter, 
9  Edward  [II],  Nicholas  Selide  '  est  ad  legem '  that  a  certain  A.D.  1316. 
mazer  in  his  custody  was  given  to  his  wife  by  Nicholas  Spircok. 
On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  the  translation  of  St.  Thomas 
the  Martyr,  John  Flygham  was  allowed  to  give  to  John  'le 
Coupper '  the  gild  which  he.  inherited  by  the  death  of  his  sister ; 
fee,  half  a  mark.  Another  person  entered  for  6os.,  finding  four 
sureties.] 

Locus  quern1  Joh.  de  Ponynton'  tenet  capiatur  in  manu  domus 
per  defaltam  ipsius  ad  sectam  Auicie  la  Clothmangere. 

Thomas  Guide  habet  diem  in  xv.  ad  demonstrandam  car- 
tarn  suam  quam  habet  de  quodam  loco  quern  R.  Schuetere 
petit.'  

'  Morghespeche 2  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancte  A.D.  me. 
Marie  Magdalene  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  [II]  Decimo. 

[Eva  wife  of  Nicholas  Holt  appeared  against  N.  Selide  for  de- 
taining a  mazer  ('  murra '). — Two  persons  find  sureties  *  ad  satis- 
1  MS.  q.  2  io|  by  8  inches. 


312 


Cfce  <$iin  flgerc&ant 


ANDOVER. 


A.D.  1316. 


A.D.  1317. 


A.D.  1318. 


A.D.  1318. 


Dimidia 
marca. 

Dimidia 
marca. 


faciendum  yicario  et  communitati  de  duobus  salteriis.' — '  Auicia  le 
Clothmangere '  claims  a  place  held  by  John  de  Ponynton.  She 
says  it  is  hers  by  inheritance.  John  asserts  that  '  idem  locus 
pertinet  ad  liberum  tenementum  suum,  quod  perquisiuit  de 
Johanne  Asse.'] 

Rogerus  le  Schutere  petit  de  Thoma  Guide  vnum  Locum ; 
idem  Thomas  ostendit  quoddam  scriptum ;  et  facit  mencionem 
de  omnibus  et  singulis  Juribus  suis  tarn  nominatis  quam  non 
nominatis,  set  non  facit  mencionem  in  scripto  de  Loco ;  ideo  in- 
quiratur  per  forwardmannos. 

[Two  admissions ;  fee,  60^. ;  four  sureties  each.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Jacobi  Apostoli  Anno  Regis  Edwardi  Decimo. 

Nich.  de  Holte  et  Nich.  Selide  in  misericordia  pro  Loquela  que 
fuit  inter  Euam,  vxorem  N.  Holte,  et  N.  Selide ;  plegius,  alter 
alterius. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Exalta- 
cionis  Sancte  Crucis  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edw.  vndecimo. 

[Two  entries  concerning  new  members.] 

Ex  consideracione  tocius  congregacionis  Gildanorum  ordina- 
tum  quod  omnes  Braciatores  vendant  Ceruisiam,  videlicet,  meli- 
orem  Lagenam  in  Cuua  pro  denario,  et  in  barello  pro  i.  den.  et 
ob.,  bonam  et  claram,  dummodo  busca  ordei  vendatur  pro  xv. 
denariis;  sub  pena  quod  ipsi  qui  sunt  in  Libertate  amittant 
libertatem,  Et  ipsi  qui  sunt  custumarii  amittant  Bracinam  illam. 
Et  facta  est  ordinacio  ista  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Exalt. 
S.  Crucis  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis  Edwardi  vndecimo.' 

[On  the  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Ambrose,  n 
Edward  [II],  William  '  le  Sadelere '  entered  the  Gild ;  fee,  6os. ; 
three  sureties. 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Andrew  the  Apostle, 
12  Edward  [II],  there  were  twelve  applications  concerning 
membership.  Among  them  were  these  two  : — ] 

'  Johannes  le  Riche  dat  Thome  fratri  suo  Gildam  cum  tall  pis], 
que  fuit  iuris  sue. 

Will.  Goude,   filius  Joh.   Goude  draperii,  habet   gildam   que 


Supplementary  proofs  ano  ^lustrations,  313 

fuit  Robert!  Boniare;  et  facta  est  libera  pro  dimidia  marca ;  per     AN  DOVER. 
plegium  Job.  Goude,  patris  sui.' 


At  a  J  Morghespeche ' 1  held  on  Friday  next  after  St.  Martin's-  A.D.  1316. 
day,  10  Edward  [II],  three  persons  petitioned  to  be  admitted  to 
the  Gild. 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Lucy  in  the  same  A.D.  1310. 
year,  'Thomas  de  Celario  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  suam 
quam  habet  hereditarie  ex  parte  Thome  de  Celario,  quondam 
patris  sui,  Ade  Spircok  cum  Redditu  prouenienti  de  quodam 
loco  in  piscaria  fori  de  Andeuere;  habeat  et  gaudeat;  [two 
sureties]/  At  the  same  meeting  John  Goude,  'tinctor,'  and 
William  '  le  Tannere '  were  also  admitted. 

On  Friday  before  the  festival  of  the  Annunciation  of  Mary,  10  A.D.  1317- 
Edward  [II],    four   new   members   were    enrolled,    each    being 
charged  a  fee  of  60^.,  and  finding  four  sureties. 

On  Friday,  { in  festo  sancti  Johannis  ante  Portam  Latinam,'  A.D.  1317. 
10  Edward  [II],  Richard  le  Goer  entered  the  Gild ;   fee,  6o>r. ; 
four  sureties. 

'  Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Concepcionis  beate  A.D.  1319. 
Marie  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  xii°. 

Will.  Lucas  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  suam,  que  non  est  n.s. 
libera,  Johanni  filio  suo;  habeat  et  gaudeat;  et  det  domui  ii.s. ; 
plegii,  N.  Selyde  et  Will.  Lucas. 

Will.  Hughet  petit  quod  possit  dare  vnam  Gildam,    que  est  Dimidia 

muros. 

hansere,  Thome  Pykard,  filio  amice  sue ;  habeat  et  gaudeat ; 
plegii,  Joh.  Woluel  et  Rob.  Pykard. 

Johannes   filius   Ph.  le   Riche   petit  quod   possit  dare  vnam  Dimidia 

TY19  ros. 

Gildam,  que  est  hansere,  Alexandro  fratri  suo ;  habeat  et  gaudeat ; 
et  det  Domui  dimidiam  marcam;  plegii,  Edm.  de  Tangelye  et 
Joh.  Woluel.' 

1  12  by  7|  inches.  It  is  evident  that  the  scribe  at  first  fecorded  the  minutes 
for  the  two  meetings  of  10  Edward  II  only  on  the  preceding  membrane,  but, 
after  completing  the  year  10  Edward  II  on  the  next  membrane,  returned  to  the 
preceding  one  to  utilize  the  empty  space  for  the  three  meetings  of  11-12 
Edward  II. 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D.  1319. 


A.D.  1319. 


A.D. 1319. 


A.D. 1319. 


A.D.  1320. 


A.D.  1320. 


misericordia, 

vi.  d. 

misericordia, 
vi.d. 


There  were  three  more  applications  concerning  membership  at 
this  meeting.  Among  the  petitioners  was  John  Horn  '  tannator.' 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  the  finding  of  the  Holy 
Cross,  12  Edward  [II],  John  'filius  Gilberti  le  knyght'  sought 
from  Peter  Selyde  certain  articles  which  the  former  claimed  by 
inheritance  from  his  father  '  secundum  consuetudinem  et  ordina- 
cionem  Gilde  Mercatorie  de  Andevere.'  Peter  had  obtained  them 
by  marrying  John's  mother.  Peter  denies  this,  and  '  est  ad  legem 
se  via.  manu.' 

On  Friday  preceding  Ascension-day,  Peter  appeared  against 
John  in  the  same  suit,  '  de  placito  detencionis  catallorum.' 

At  another  'Morghespeche'  held  on  Friday  next  after  Ascension- 
day,  12  Edward  [II],  Peter  failed  to  appear  '  de  Lege  sua  facienda ; 
ideo  consideratum  est  quod  defecit  de  Lege  sua,'  and  John  was  to 
recover  his  property. 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Peter  'ad  vincula/  13 
Edward  [II],  Henry  de  Schupton  entered  the  Gild  Merchant, 
being  charged  6os.  and  finding  four  sureties ;  and  Johanna 
Hughettes  was  allowed  to  give  her  gild  to  her  husband,  John 
Vpehulle,  who  paid  a  fee  of  a  half  of  a  mark  and  produced  two 
sureties.  

'  Morghespeche l  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Mathei  Apostoli  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  [II]  quartodecimo. 

[John  de  Stocbrygge  entered  the  Gild.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Mercurii  in  crastino  Apostolorum 
Simonis  et  Jude  anno  supradicto. 

Ricardus  Arnold  vadiat  Emendas  Petro  Asselyn  de  Maledictis, 
et  remanet  in  misericordia ;  plegius,  Joh.  Ode  2. 

Idem  Ric.  vadiat  Willielmo  Lacy  pro  simili,  et  remanet  in 
miseric. ;  pleg.,  predictus  J.  Ode. 

Johannes  Ode  est  ad  legem  uersus  Petrum  Asselyn  quod  non 
maledixit  ei  sicut  idem  Petrus  ei  imposuit ;  plegius  de  Lege,  Ric. 
Arnold ;  faciat  ad  proximam  Morghespeche. 

1  io|  by  6  inches ;  written  on  one  side  only. 

2  I.e.  Ede. 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  illustrations.  315 

Idem  Job.  Ode  est  ad  legem  eodem  modo  uersus  Will.  Lacy;     AN  DOVER. 
plegius  de  lege,  Ric.  Arnold. 

Ton.  Lotyn  vadiat  Emendas  Johanni  Osward  eo  quod  maledixit  misericordia, 

vi.</. 
ei ;  et  remanet  in  misericordia ;  plegius,  Rob.  Ingulf  clericus. 

Will,  le  Mew  vocatus  ad  querelam  Ade  de  Pomfreit  non  venit ;  defalta,  iii.  d. 
ideo  in  misericordia  pro  defalta. 

Morgbespeche  tenta  die  veneris  in  vigilia  omnium  Sanctorum  A.D.  1320. 
Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  xiiii0. 

Johannes  Ede  uersus  Petrum  Asselyn  de  placito  transgressionis,  ^ 
vnde  Lex  per  Will.  Capon. 

Job.  Ede  uersus  Will.  Lacy  de  placito  transg.,  vnde  lex  per 
Petrum  Selide.  , 

Will,  le  Mew  est  ad  Legem  se  iiia.  Manu  uersus,  [etc.]. 

Will.  Quenyld  vadiat  Senescallis  emendas  pro  eo  quod  mactauit 
vnum  taurum. 

Job.  de  Wymbeldon'  petit  quod  possit  dare  vnam  Gildam  suam  dimidia 
Ricardo  de  Wymbeldon',   fratri   suo ;    habeat  et  gaudeat,  etc. ; 
plegii,  N.  Selide  et  J.  Osward. 

Job.  de  Stocbrigge  est  ad  Legem  se  iiia.  Manu  uersus  Rog.  le  Lex. 
Schuetere  quod  non  implacitauit  ipsum  Rogerum  extra  Libertatem 
contra   ordinacionem,    postquam   idem   Job.    habuit   Libertatem 
suam ;  [two  sureties.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1320. 
Martini  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  quartodecimo. 

Thomas  Mangin  uersus  Job.  de  Stokbrigge  de  placito  transg.,  affidauit. 
per  Job.  Chire. 

Will,  le  Mew  uersus  Adam  de  Pomfreit  de  placito  transg.,  vnde  affidauit. 
lex  per  Rob.  Ingulf. 

Job.   Ode  in  misericordia  pro  Petro  Asselyn ;   plegius,  Will. 
Capon. 

Rog.  le  Schetere  queritur  uersus  Job.  de  Stokbrigge  de  placito  affidauit. 
transg.,  vnde  lex  per  Job.  Gode. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1320. 
Edmundi  Regis  Anno  supradicto.' 

[John  de  Stocbrigge,  Roger  le  Schutere  and  Adam  de  Pumfret 
'  in  misericordia  pro  falso  clamio.'] 


316 

AN  DOVER.  '-.  On  Friday1,  in  the  festival  of  St.  Dionysius,  15  Edward  [II], 
one  gild  was  transferred,  and  there  was  a  plea  concerning  a  trans- 
gression.  *  [Henry]  de  Mortone  vadiat  Joh.  Woluel  vnam  Cistam 
meliorem,  vnum  Ciphum  argenteum,  precii  xxx.  s.' 

A.D.  1321.  At  another  '  Morghespeche '  held  on  Friday  after  St.  Martin's 

day,  15  Edward  [II],  four  gilds  were  transferred;  and  John  de 
Husseburne,  not  appearing  '  in  placito  transgr.,'  he  was  distrained 
'  per  Libertatem  [suam].' 

A.D.  1321.  On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Lucy  in  the  same  year, 
there  were  three  cases  '  de  placito  transg.' ;  [Win.]  Quenild  was 
*  in  misericordia^  quia  non  est  presens ' ;  and  '  dies  datus  est '  in 
two  suits. 

A.D.  1322.  '  [Morghesp]eche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Epi- 
phanie  domini  anno  supradicto. 

[Thomas]  Spircok  queritur  de  Rogero  de  Clatford  eo  quod 
dictus  Rogerus  defamauit  ipsum  Thomam,  dicens  ipsum  esse 
furem  [magnum],  et  quod  cepit  et  appropriauit  vnam  estrauram. 
Et  quod  contrafecit  sigillum  Regis.  Idem  Rogerus  presens  in 
curia  dedicit  [totaliter]  duas  primas  querelas,  quod  inde  non  est 
Reus  in  aliquo ;  et  est  ad  legem  se  sexta  manu  de  fratribus  gilde. 
[Plegii]  de  lege,  Joh.  Osward  et  Ph.  Brikeuile;  faciat  ad  proxi- 
mam  Morghespeche.  De  tercia  querela  non  vult  iustificari.  Ideo 
consideratum  est  [quod]  distringatur  per  gildam  suam,  quosque,  etc. 

[Idem]  Rogerus  de  Clatford  in  misericordia  pro  falsa  querela 
uersus  Thomam  Spircok ;  plegius,  Ric.  de  Cutecombe. 

['  Dies  datus  est '  in  two  suits.] 

[Will.]  de  Tangelighe  recognouit  se  teneri  Johanni  Woluel  in 
vna  cista  pro  Hen.  de  Mortone ;  et  remanet  in  misericordia. 
A.D.  1322.          [Morghespeche]  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Vincencii  Anno 
quintodecimo.' 

At  this  meeting  there  was  one  case  'de  placito  transg.';  in 
another  plea  '  dies  datus  est ' ;  one  person  was  '  in  misericordia 
pro  Nich.  le  Webbe ';  and  '[Robertus]  le  Cartere  petit  quod  possit 
dare  gildam  suam  Gilberto  le  Skinnere,  habeat  et  gaudeat.' 

1  16  by  7  inches ;  written  on  one  side  only.  The  left  margin  has  been  cut 
away,  and  with  it  almost  every  initial  word  of  each  entry. 


§>ttpplementarp  Proofs  ana  3(llustrattons»  317 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Gregory,  15  Edward  [II],      AN  DOVER. 
William  Orpede  gave  the  gild  that  belonged  to  his  mother,  to  his 
brother ;  and  John  Skirel  and  John  '  le  Killere '  entered  the  Gild 
'  per  Ix.s.'  

'  Morghespeche  *  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  sancti  A.D.  1326. 
Martini   Episcopi  Anno  Regni  Regis   Edwardi  [II]  filii   Regis 
Edwardi  vicesimo. 

Johannes  fflegham  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  suam  villanam 
Johanni  filio  Johannis  le  Cuppere.  Et  consideratum  est  per 
[etc.].2 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Annunci-  A.D.  1327. 
acionis  beate  Marie  Virginis  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii 
primo. 

[Two  entries  concerning  membership.] 

Johannes  fflegham  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  suam  hans- 
sariam  Johanni  filio  Johannis  le  Cuppere,  Nepoti  suo.  Habeat  et 
gaudeat.  Et  faciat  jura  domus.  Et  soluet  domui  vi..f.  viii.^. 
Plegii,  Willielmus  Orpede  et  Johannes  Selyde. 

Rogerus  le  Beyr  venit  et  petit  quod  possit  habere  Gildam 
mercatoriam.  Et  quia  compertum  fuit  per  omnes  fforwardmannos 
quod  idem  Rogerus  est  Natiuus  Thome  Spircok,  domini  de 
Upclatford,  et  nullus  Natiuus  neque  villanus  esse 3  debet  in 
Societate  Gildanorum  istius  Gilde,  sicut  apparet  per  ordinaciones 
et  consuetudines  istius  ville. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Ascenci-  A.D.  1327. 
onis  domini  anno  supradicto. 

Henricus  de  Mortone  junior  habet  diem  ad  proximam  Morghe- 
speche ad  purgandum  se  uersus  Robertum  le  Kyllere,  de  eo  quod 
dictus  Henricus  dicebat  dicto  Roberto  quod  Iv.  homines  ville  de 
Andeuere  essent  simul  jurati  ad  destruendum  Johannem  de 
Ponynton',  Johannem  Spircok,  Johannem  Selyde,  Adam  Spircok 
et  Ricardum  Snow,  et  ad  predandum  dictos  Johannem  de 
Ponynton'  de  c.  libris  et  Johannem  Spircok  de  c.  libris,  se  via. 

1  i6|  by  ii  inches. 

2  The  sentence  is  not  completed  in  the  MS. 

3  MS.  '  esset  non,'  the  <  non  '  being  inserted  above  the  line. 


Cfje  ®ilo  a^ercfmnt, 

AN  DOVER,  manu  de  Gildanis.  Idem  Robertus  inuenit  plegios  ad  essendum 
[presens]  ad  eundem  diem,  Petrum  Asselyn  et  Robertum 
Pykard. 

distringere.  Preceptum  est  distringere  Egidium  le  Power  citra  proximam  ad 

respondendum  Henrico  de  fforstebury  et  toti  communitati  *. 

Johannes  le  Breghe  queritur  pro  tota  communitate  uersus  Jo- 
hannem  Selyde  pro  eo  quod  dicere  debuit  dicto  Johanni,  die 
Sabbati  proxima  post  festum  Ascencionem  domini,  quod  frangeret 
brachia  et  tibias  hominum  ville  de  Andeuere,  et  Carectam  suam 
accomodaret  eosdem  homines  ad  ducendum  ad  Gaolam  Wynton', 
et  eosdem  dispercionaret.  Idem  Johannes  presens  dicit  quod  non 
est  culpabilis  de  eo  quod  sibi  impponitur;  et  consideratum  est 
per  omnes  Gildanos  quod  habeat  diem  ad  purgandum  se  via. 
manu ;  plegius,  Adam  Spircok. 

Johannes  Goselynch'  senior  vadiat  emendas  Rogero  Spircok, 
pro  eo  quod  idem  Rogerus  fatebatur  se  dixisse  coram  dicto 
Johanni  quod  frangeret  tibias  et  brachia  Matillide  Hikes  de 
Suthclatford,  citra  proximam. 

A.D.  1327.          Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  in  Septimana  Pentecostes  Anno 
supradicto. 

optulit.  Petrus  Asselyn  optulit  se  uersus  Johannem  Cobbe  non  appa- 

rentem  in  placito  transgressionis.     Ideo  preceptum  est  quod  dis- 
tringatur  citra  proximam. 

Ad  quern  diem  venit  Henricus  de  Mortone  junior  et  debito 
modo  per  Gildanos  purgauit  se  de  eo  quod  sibi  superius  impponi- 
tur  per  Robertum  le  Kyllere  dicendo  uerba  superius  notata,  per 
quod  idem  Robertus  attinctus  est.  Et  quia  dicti  Gildani  de 
judicio  reddendo  fuerunt  inconsulti  ad  tempus,  Ideo  considera- 
tum est  quod  dictum  judicium  remanet  vsque  ad  proximam.  Et 
preceptum  est  quod  idem  Robertus  sit  ad  proximam,  etc.  vna 
cum  Roberto  Pykard  et  Petro  Asselyn,  plegiis  dicti  Roberti. 

Ad  quern  diem  Johannes  Selyde  vocatus  fuit  et  non  comperuit, 

qui  ad  proximam  fuit  ad  Legem  de  certis  sibi  suppositis,  prout 

patet  supra.     Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  habeatur  pro  conuicto. 

Thomas   de    Marisco   petit   quod   possit   dare   Gildam   suam 

1  MS. '  totam  communitatem.' 


©upplementarg  proofs  anti  3[Hustrations>  319 

Willielmo  de  Bekwode  et  Alicie,  Sorori  sue;  ponatur  in  respectu      ANDOVER. 
vsque  ad  proximam. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1327. 
Barnabee  apostoli  Anno  supradicto. 

Petrus  Asselyn  optulit  se  uersus  Johannem  Cobbe  nullo  modo  Capiatur. 
apparentem  in  placito  transgressionis ;    set  quia  se  ipsum  non 
iustificat,  Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  libertas  eiusdem  capiatur. 

Item,  judicium  quoad  Johannem  Selyde  remanet  usque  ad 
proximam. 

Johannes  Goselynch'  senior  vadiat  Rogero  Spircok  emendas,  Emendas. 
videlicet,  xx.51.,  inde  soluend^o]  ii.s.  ;  surplus  calumpniandum. 

Preceptum   est  quod  Ballivi   summoneri   faciant   Egidium  le  Preceptum 

est 
Power  citra  proximam,  sub  pena  libertatis  sue  in  manu  domus 

capiende. 

Robertus  Ingolf  electus  est  ad  officium  Pincerne  in  domo  in- 
feriori ;  et  quod  potacio  fiat  dominica  proxima  post  festum 
apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli. 

Thomas  de  Marisco  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  suam  Alicie,  Dimidia 
sorori  sue ;  habeat,  etc. ;  plegii,  J.  de  Wimbeldon'  et  Ricardus  de 
Wimbeldon'.    Solvet  dimidiam  marcam  ad  festum  sancti  Michaelis. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  ante  festum  Nativitatis  bead  A.D.  1327. 
Johannis  Baptiste  Anno  supradicto. 

[Four  brief  entries  'de  placito  transgressionis.' — '  Petrus  Asselyn 
optulit  se  per  Essonium  suum  uersus  Johannem  [Cobbe]  nullo 
modo  apparentem  in  placito  transgressionis.  Ideo  preceptum  est 
quod  Gilda  eiusdem  capiatur  in  manu  domus.' — All  judgments 
pending  were  postponed  till  the  next  'morghespeche.' — Alice, 
who  received  the  gildship  from  her  brother,  Thomas  de  Marisco, 
now  gives  it  to  her  husband,  William  de  Bekkewode.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  aposto-  A.D.  1327. 
lorum  Petri  et  Pauli  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  primo. 

Cum  Robertus  le  Kyllere  conuictus  sit  in  plena  Morghespeche  Judicium. 

quod  ipse  seminauit1  discordiam  inter  quosdam  magnos  ville  de 

Andeuere   et   ceteros   eiusdem  Communitatis  dicendo  Iv.  fore 1 

paratos  ad   destruendum   et  ad  depredandum  dictos  Magnates 

1  This  is  the  proper  rendering,  and  not  that  given  above  on  page  10. 


320 


Cfte  <$ilD  sgjercfwnt 


AN  DOVER,  menciendo ;  Ideo  consideratum  est  per  totam  Morghespeche  quod 
nullus  ipsum  resettat,  nee  cum  ipso  emat  neque  vendat,  nee  sibi 
det  ignem  neque  Aquam,  neque  cum  ipso  communicare,  sub  pene 
(sic)  amissionis  sue  libertatis. 

[Egidius  le  Power  is  summoned  to  answer  at  the  next  meeting ; 
also  John  Selyde.  There  are  also  two  pleas  for  transgression.] 

Ricardus  Snow  et  Willielmus  Lacy  veniunt  et  petunt  quod 
possunt  replegiare  Libertatem  Johannis  Cobbe  captam  in  manu 
domus ;  citra  proximam  habent  diem. 

Johannes  Selyde  vadiat  Communitati  Emendas;  plegii,  Johan- 
nes de  Wymbeldon'  et  Robertus  Ingolf. 

Gilda  Egidii  le  Power  capiatur  in  manu  domus,  et  nulla 
gaudeat  libertate  quousque  iustificare  se  ipsum  voluerit  erga  frater- 
nitatem  dicte  communitatis. 

A.D.  1327.  Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Trans- 
lacionis  Sancti  Swythyni  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a 
conquestu  primo. 

Emendas.  Johanna  que  fuit  vxor  Henrici  le  Barbour  vadiat  Communitati 

xx.  s.,  sub  eorum  gracia,  pro  eo  quod  Communicavit  cum  Roberto 
le  Kyllere,  filio  suo,  sub  ista  forma,  quod,  si  dicta  Johanna  cum 
dicto  Roberto  decetero  communicauerit,  quod  dicti  xx.s.  statim 
dicte  Communitati  soluentur. 

Gilda  Egidii  le  Power  Capiatur  in  manu  domus  quousque  se 
ipsum  iustificare  voluerit  erga  fraternitatem  dicte  domus;  et  quod 
tolneum  de  die  in  diem  per  Ballivos  eiusdem  capiatur. 

Ricardus  films  Thome  Ceuere  fforisfecit  Gildam  suam  pro  eo 
quod  cooperuit  Thomam  Porker,  Custumarium,  sub  Gilda  sua 
libera. 

Dictus  Ricardus  qui  fforisfecit  Gildam  suam,  vt  superius  patet, 
venit  et  petit  Societatem  Gilde.  Et  consideratum  est  per  omnes 
ffordwardmannos  quod  idem  Ricardus  intret  per  IX..T.  per  vnam 
Talliam  talliando  in  tallagia  sua  Iviii.j. 

A.D.  1327.  Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancte 
Marie  Magdalene  Anno  supradicto.' 

Four  persons  enter,  each  paying  6os.  and  finding  two  sureties. 

*  Henricus  de  Vpauene  venit  et  petit  Societatem  Gildanorum. 


fforisfecit 
gildam. 


Intrat. 


§>upplementarp  Proofs  anD  3[llustrattons,  321 

Habeat  et  gaudeat  totaliter  de  dono  domus.     Et  quod  sit  libera      AN  DOVER. 
et  non  hansoria.' 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  James  the  Apostle  *  A.D.  1327. 
John  Spircok  replevied  ('  replegiat ')  the  Gild  of  Giles  le  Power 
until  the  next  meeting ;  and  John  son  of  John  atte  Watere  was 
admitted.     On   Friday   in  the   festival   of  St.   Augustine,  John 
Spircok  again  replevied  the  Gild  of  '  Egidius  le  Power.' 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  Birinus  the  Bishop1,  there 
were  three  cases  '  de  placito  transgressionis.' 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Nicholas  the  Bishop1, 
two  persons  were  fined  *  pro  trangressione ' ;  and  '  Willielmus  de 
Hampton'  petit  quod  possit  habere  vnam  Gildam  Mercatoriam.' 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle1,  two  A.D.  1327. 
persons  entered  the  Gild. 


'  [Morghespeche 2  tenta]  die  veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Johannis  A.D.  1328. 
ante    Portam    latinam    Anno    Regni    Regis    Edwardi    tercii   a 
Conquestu  secundo. 

Willielmus  le  Duynt  fTaber  Inuenit  plegium  pro  arreragiis 
Gilde  sue,  videlicet,  Ricardum  Harold,  soluendps]  citra  proxi- 
mam. 

Robertus  atte  Watere  clericus  venit  et  petit  Societatem  Gilda- 
norum ;  habeat  et  gaudeat  Gildam  suam  liberam.  Et  faciat  iura 
domus. 

Agnes  filia  Regen[aldi]  cissoris  venit  et  Reddit  Gildam  suam 
in  manu  domus,  quam  habuit  ex  dono  Johannis  Scrapyn,  Capellani, 
Auunculi  sui. 

Postea  venit  Walterus  Coterel',  Maritus  dicte  Agnetis,  et  petit  vis.  viii.d. 
societatem  Gildanorum,  illam  videlicet  Gildam  quam  dicta  Agnes  C0nfessurn 
reddidit  in  manu  domus;  et  de  gratia  domus  concessum  est  ei 
per  omnes  ffordwarmannos ;  faciat  iura  domus  ;  Et  soluet  domui 
vi.  s.  viii.  d. ;  plegii,  Johannes  Selyde  et  Robertus  atte  Watere. 

Johannes  Lucas  optulit  se  uersus  Johannam  filiam  et  heredem 
Alexandri  Ingolf,  in  placito  detencionis  duorum  locorum  in 

1  '  Anno  supradicto,'  i.  e.,  I  Edward  III. 

2  1 6  by  12  inches  ;  somewhat  discoloured  ;  one  of  the  upper  corners  wanting. 

Y 


322 

AN  DOVER.  Andeuere,  per  plegium  Willielmi  Lacy  et  Johannis  Ede,  non 
apparentem.  Ideo  consideratum  est  per  fforwardmannos  et  com- 
munitatem  tocius  Gildanorum  quod  predict!  duo  Loci  capiantur 
in  manu  domus.  Et  datus  est  predicto  Johanni  diem  (sic)  hie 
in  vigilia  Ascensionis  domini.  Et  preceptum  est  Balliuis  quod 
predicta  Johanna  summoneatur  veniendfam]  hie  ad  eundum 
diem. 

A.D.  1328.          Morghespeche    tenta   die   Veneris    in    Crastino    Ascencionis 
domini  Anno  supradicto. 

Johannes  Lucas  optulit  se  uersus  Johannam  filiam  et  heredem 
Alexandri  Ingolf  non  apparentem  in  placito  detencionis  duorum 
locorum,  qui  prius  fecit  defaltam.  Ideo  consideratum  fuit  quod 
capiantur  in  manu  domus  per  magnum  cape ;  et  modo  facit 
defaltam.  Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  capiantur  in  manu  domus 
per  paruum  cape.  Et  perceptum  est  Balliuis  quod  dicta  Johanna 
summoneatur  ad  audiendum  iudicium  suum.  Et  habent  diem 
hie  hodie  ad  proximam. 

Thomas  Gerueys  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  suam,  quam 
habuit  per  Willielmum  Note,  Auunculum  suum,  Matillde  filie 
sue ;  ponitur  in  respectu  usque  ad  proximam. 

Ad  quern  diem  traditum  fuit  Johanni  le  Wylde  i.  Aketon,  i. 
Basynetum  et  i.  [par]  Sirotecarum  de  Laminis. 

[Seven  similar  entries  follow,  each  beginning  '  Item  eodem  die 
traditum  fuit.'  The  articles  delivered  are  the  same  throughout. 
The  recipients  were  Henry  de  Schypton',  John  Lucas,  John  Ede 
senior,  Walter  Osward,  Adam  Oryold,  John  Spircok  and  John 
son  of  William  '  le  Tannere.'  In  the  margin  opposite  the  last 
name  and  that  of  Osward  is  the  word  '  distringatur.'] 

Et  tradite  sunt  sub  ista  condicione,  videlicet,  quod  vnusquis- 
que  ducat  et  demonstret  ea  bis  per  annum,  videlicet,  ad  duos 
dies  legales 1. 

A.D.  1328,          Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancte 
Petronille  virginis  Anno  Supradicto. 

Johannes  Lucas  optulit  se  uersus  Johannam  nliam  [et]  heredem 

1  In  the  MS.  this  passage  stands  opposite  (at  the  right  of)  the  eight  entries 
spoken  of  above. 


§>uppiememarp  proofs  anD  illustrations,  323 

Alexandri  Ingolf'  non  apparentem  in  placito  detencionis  duorum  AN  DOVER. 
Locorum,  que  ad  proximum  capte  fuerunt  in  manu  domus  per 
magnum  cape ;  et  modo  facit  defaltam ;  set  consideratum  est 
quod  iudicium  remaneat  vsque  ad  proximam,  quousque  ostenderit 
Cartam,  quam  habet,  vt  asserit.  Et  datus  est  dies  partibus  hie 
citra  proximam. 

Ricardus  Body  venit  et  petit  Gildam  Willielmi  Body,  patris  vii.</. 
sui ;  habeat  et  gaudeat,  et  faciat  iura  domus. 

Thomas  Moton  venit  et  petit  Gildam  que  fuit  Walteri  Moton, 
Auunculi  sui ;  ponitur  in  respectu  usque  ad  proximam. 

Philippus  films  et  heres  Egidii  le  Power  venit  et  petit  Gildam  vii.</. 
dicti  Egidii,  patris  sui,   quam  habuit  per  Willielmum  Wilekyn 
hansarpum] 1 ;  habeat  et  gaudeat. 

Philippus  filius  et  heres  Egidii  le  Power  venit  et  petit  liberam  id. 
Gildam  dicti  Egidii ;  habeat  et  gaudeat. 

Sampson  Blaunchard  venit  et  soluit  pro  areragiis  duorum  an-  xiiii.</. 
norum  Gilde  sue ;  habeat,  etc. 

Memorandum,  quod  Senescalli  habuerunt  in  communi  cista 
in  denariis  xxii..r.  et  i.^/.,  vnde  soluti  Ricardo  Snow  pro  libertate 
de  Andeuere  apud  London'  vi.s.  et  vm.d.  Et  remanent  in  com- 
muni cista  xv. s.  v.d.  Qui  liberati2  fuerunt  Johanni  Ede.  Et 
inde  expendidit  apud  Wyntoniam  pro  communitate  pro  Comite 
Kantie  v.s.  et  v.d.  Et  residuum  remanet  in  custodia  eiusdem 
Johannis. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Transla-  A.D.  1328. 
cionis  Sancti  Thome  martiris  Anno  Supradicto. 

Johannes  Lucas  optulit  se  uersus  Johannam  filiam  et  heredem 
Alexandri  Ingolf  que  summonita  fuit  essend[am]  ad  proximam 
Morghespeche  tentam  die  Veneris  in  Crastino  Ascencionis 
domini,  ad  quern  diem  non  venit.  Ideo  preceptum  fuit  quod 
dicti  duo  Loci  capiantur  in  manu  domus  per  magnum  cape 
Et  preceptum  fuit  quod  summoneatur  citra  proximam  ad  audi- 
endum  iudicium  suum,  ad  quern  diem  non  venit  de  iudicio  suo 
audiendo.  Ideo  consideratum  fuit  per3  omnes  Gildanos  quod 

1  Perhaps  'hansar[iam].'  a  MS.  '  liberate.1 

3  MS.  '  quod.' 

Y  2 


324 


AN  DOVER,     dictus  Johannes  recuperet  dictos  duos  Locos,  et  quod  ponatur 
in  seisina  per  Balliuos  Libertatis,  etc. 

A.D.  1328.  [At  a  meeting  held  on  Friday  the  eve  of  St.  Catherine  the 
Virgin,  2  Edward  III,  there  were  four  petitions  for  admission 
to  the  Gild. 

A.D.  1328.  On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Byrinus  in  the  same 
year,  four  new  members  were  admitted.  Each  paid  6os.  and, 
with  one  exception,  presented  two  sureties.  The  last  of  these 
entries  reads  thus : — *  Elyas  le  Drapyr  de  Hertford  intrat  in 
Gilda  mercatoria  per  Ix.^.,  et  soluit  capellano  de  Domo  Sancti 
Johannis  XXV..T.'] 

A.D.  1328.  Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Nicholai  Anno  supradicto. 

Johannes  films  Roberti  Erchebaud  optulit  se  uersus  Johannem 
de  Wymbeldon'  et  Johannem  Selyde  non  apparentes.  Ideo 
preceptum  est  quod  libertates  eorundem  capiantur  in  manu 
domus.  Et  preceptum  est  Balliuis  quod  capiant  Tollneum1 
de  die  in  diem,  quousque,  etc.  Et  habent  diem  ad  proximam. 
Et  datus  est  dies  predicto  Johanni  filio  Roberti  ad  proximam. 

A.D.  1328.  [At  a  meeting  held  on  Friday  next  after  the  feast  of  the  Nativity, 
2  Edward  III,  a  gild  was  transferred  from  mother  to  son,  two 
shillings  being  paid  to  Adam  Spirecok,  a  steward  of  the  Gild, 
for  arrears.] 

A.D.  1329.  Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  An- 
nunciacionis  beate  Marie  virginis  Anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi 
tercii  tercio. 

[Robert  le  Kyllere  and  Stephen  Paywel  were  admitted.] 
Thomas  le  Ba[ker]  inculpatus  [fuit]  per  Senescallos  eo  quod 
cooperuit  custumarium  sub  Libertate  sua  et  asportauit  Tollneum1 
Balliuorum,  et  de  hoc  compertus  fuit  per  xii.  fforewardmannos 
et  per  recognicionem  suam.  Et  consideratum  est  quod  foris- 
faciat  Gildam  suam.  Postea  venit  et  petit  quod  possit  habere 
Gildam  de  emcione  domus  et  soluere  [unam  marcam  pro  bono] 2 
gestu  eiusdem  Thome.  Sol[uet]  inde  dimidiam  marcam  ad  festum 
Pasche  proximo  sequens.  Et  dimidia  marca  remanet.' 

1  MS.  '  Toll'.'          2  A  portion  of  the  membrane  has  here  crumbled  away. 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  3[llustratton&  325 

'  Morghespeche *  tenta  die  Veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Edmundi      ANDOVER. 
Archiepiscopi  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  Conquestu 

A..D.  1329. 

tercio. 

Ad  quern  diem  Stephanus  Paywel  soluit  Edmundo  de  Tangele, 
Senescallo,  pro  Introitu  Gilde  sue,  xxvi.^.  viii.d.,  de  quibus  denariis 
soluit  Roberto,  Capellano  domus  Sancti  Johannis,  xxv.s.  Et  re- 
manent  in  Communi  cista  in  custodia  Senescallp]  xx.*/. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Exalta-  A.D.  1329. 
cionis  Sancte  Crucis  Anno  supradicto. 

Stephanus  le  Knyght  uersus  Ricardum  atte  Burch  de  Newburys  Affid'. 
de  placito  Transgressionis,  per  Henricum  de  Schipton'. 

Ricardus  atte  Burch  optulit  [se]  uersus  Stephanum  le  Knyght, 
Essoniatum  in  placito  transgressionis.  Et  habent  diem  ad  prox- 
imam. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  in  festo  Sancte  ffidis  Virginis  A.D.  1329. 
Anno  supradicto. 

Ad  quern  diem  Ricardus  atte  Burch  optulit  se  uersus  Ste- 
phanum le  Knyght  non  apparentem  in  placito  Transgressionis.  Postea  venit. 
Et  preceptum  est  quodBalliui  capiantTollneum2  ipsius  Stephani, 
quousque  se  ipsum  iustificare  voluerit,  etc.  Et  quod  Gilda 
eiusdem  capiatur  in  manu  domus.  Et  habent  diem  ad  prox- 
imam. 

Stephanus  le  Knyght  vadiat  Ricardo  atte  Burch  xl.s.  pro 
amendis  suis  pro  transgressione  sibi  facta  apud  Abbyn[don], 
Soluendo  inde  dicto  Ricardo  in  villa  de  Andeuere  citra  proximam 
Morghespeche  Tresdecim  solidos  et  mi.d.  Et  residuum  dictorum 
quadraginta  solidorum  leuetur  de  bonis  et  catallis  dicti  Stephani 
per  Senescall[os],  si  decetero  idem  Stephanus  conuictus  fuerit 
quod  grauat  dictum  Ricardum  siue  mercimonia  sua  peiorat,  per  misericordia, 
quod  idem  Ricardus  grauetur  siue  vexetur ;  plegii,  Johannes  Ede 
et  Willielmus  Orpede.  Et  remanet  in  misericordia. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Edwardi  Regis  A.D.  1329. 
Anno  supradicto. 

1  i6|  by  12  inches.  One  of  the  lower  comers  is  wanting,  also  a  piece  from 
the  right-hand  side  toward  the  middle.  The  writing  is,  for  the  most  part,  very 
distinct.  a  MS. ''Toll'.' 


326  Cfje  ©ilD  sgercfmnt 

AN  DOVER.  Amicia  que  fait  vxor  Johannis  Erchebaud  vadiat  communitati 
Emendas  eo  quod  cues  sui  depascebant  pasturam  communitatis 
super  Suthebouedon'  que  est  in  defensa  usque  ad  tempus, 
etc.  Et  remanet  in  misericordia ;  plegius,  Ricardus  de  Wym- 
beldon'. 

Robertus  films  Petri  le  Moleward  petit  Gildam  dicti  Petri, 
patris  sui ;  habeat  et  gaudeat,  etc. 

A.D.  1329.  Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis  in  Monte  Tumba  Anno  supradicto. 

Johannes   Whybery  in   misericordia   pro   transgressione   facta 
Communitati ;  plegii,  Willielmus  Goude  et  Johannes  Astyl. 
A.D.  1330.          Morghespeche    tenta    die   Veneris    in   festo   Sancti   Wolstani 
Episcopi  Anno  Supradicto. 

Thomas  Gerueys  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam  que  fuit  Willi- 
elmi  Note,  Auunculi  sui,  Matillde  filie  sue ;  ponitur  in  respectu 
citra  proximam. 

Anno  Tercio         Memorandum,  quod  pincerne  de  domibus  inferiori  et  Superiori 
Potacio  Glide  Hberauerunt  Senescallfis]  per  compotum  in  Morghespeche  red- 

vnde  remanent 

xx.j.  ditum  xlv.j.  i\.d. ;  unde  soluerunt  Roberto,  Custodi  domus  sancti 

Johannis,  xxv.s.     Et  sic  remanent  in  communi  cista  XX..T.  \\.d. 

A.D.  1330.  [At  meetings  on  the  Fridays  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Agatha 
and  after  the  festival  of  St.  Barnabas  the  Apostle,  4  Edward  III, 
there  were  six  petitions  for  admission.  One  new  member  was 
to  pay  IQS.  to  '  R.  Capellano,  Custodi  Hospitalis  Sancti  Johannis 
Baptiste.'  Two  persons  were  also  fined  '  pro  transgressione  facta 
dicte  communitati.'] 

A.D.  1331.  Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Epi- 
phanie  domini  Anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  Conquestu 
[Quarto]. 

A.D.  1331.  Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  As- 
cencionis  domini  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  Conquestu 
[Quinto]. 

[Three  petitions  for  membership.  A  portion  (20^.)  of  one 
entrance  fee  went  to  '  Roberto  Capellano  Hospitalis  domus  Sancti 
Johannis  Baptiste.'] 

Preceptum  est  Johanni  le  Bonyere  quod  demonstrat  Cartam 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  3IUu0tration&  327 

suam  ad   proximam   Morchespeche   de   tenementis   que   dictus      AN  DOVER. 
Johannes  habet  ex  dono  et  ffeoffmento  eiusdem  Robert!  in  An- 
deuere   pro   contencione   cuiusdem  Loci  quern  idem  Robertus 
clamat. 

Agnes  que  fuit  vxor  Ricardi  Walkelyn  petit  Gildam  Merca- 
toriam  et  vnum  locum  ad  dictam  Gildam  pertinentem  que 
fuerunt  Cecilie  Horn,  matris  sue,  que  Johannes  Goselynche  tenet. 
Et  preceptum  summonere  Johannem  Goselynche  essendum  ad 
proximam  Morghespeche,  ostensurum  si  sciat  dicere  quare  pre- 
dictus  locus  non  debet  deliberari  dicte  Agneti,  sicut  eum  petit. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1331. 
Urbani  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  Tercii  a  Conquestu  Quinto. 

Agnes  que  fuit  vxor  Ricardi  Walkelyn  optulit  se  uersus  Johan- 
nem Goselynche  seniorem,  non  apparentem. 

Johannes  le  Bonyere  uersus  Robertum  de  Wodynton'  de  placito 
detencionis  vnius  Locy,  per  Johannem  le  Wylde. 

Agnes  que  fuit  vxor  Ricardi  Walkelyn,  filia  et  heres  Cecelie 
Horn,  optulit  se  versus  Johannem  Goselynch  seniorem,  qui 
modo  facit  defaltam,  in  placito  detencionis  vnius  loci.  Ideo 
consideratum  est  quod  dictus  locus  capiatur  in  manu  domus  Capiatur. 
per  magnum  cape.  Et  perceptum  est  balliuis  quod  predictus 
Johannes  summoneatur  ad  respondendum  dicte  Agneti  ad 
proximam. 

Morghespeche   tenta   die   Veneris   in   Vigilia   Sancti   Andree  •A-I)- 
Apostoli  Anno  supradicto. 

Thomas  Gerueys  petit  quod  Matillda  filia  sua  possit  dare 
gildam  suam  liberam,  quam  habuit  ex  dono  dicti  Thome,  patris 
sui,  Johanni  ffryk,  Marito  suo ;  habeat  et  gaudeat.  Et  solvit 
domui  vi.j.  \m.d.  taxatos  per  xii.  fforwardmannos,  quos  sex  solidos 
et  octo  denarios  Johannes  Spircok  et  Johannes  de  Ponynton', 
tune  temporis  Senescalli,  receperunt  in  plena  Morghespeche. 

Item,  receperunt  eodem  die  in  plena  Morghespeche  de  Willi- 
elmo  le  Lange  pro  gilda  sua  xx.^. 

Memorandum,  quod  Senescalli  predicti  soluerunt  in  plena 
Morghespeche  eodem  die  Custodi  domus  Sancti  Johannis  \.s. 
Et  sic  remanent  in  Communi  Cista  x\.d. 


328 


tto  agercfmnt 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D.  1332. 


Locus  datus 
Ade  Spyrcok. 


Willielmus  Garscuyn  queritur  de  Johanne  le  Large  in  placito 
transgressionis. 

Johannes  le  Wylde  queritur  de  Johanne  Gautroc  juniore  in 
placito  transgressionis. 

Johannes   le   Large   in   misericordia   eo   quod   dispercionauit 
Willielmum  Garscuyn,  gildanum.      Et  vadiat  communitati  ii..r. 
soluend[os]  citra  proximam;  plegii,  Robertus  le  Killere  et  Johannes 
Ingolf. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Veneris  proxima  post  festum  Circum- 
sicionis  domini  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  Tercii  a  Conquestu 
Quinto. 

Walterus  Horn,  Tannator,  inculpatus  [est]  per  Senescallos  ad 
Sectam  tocius  Communitatis  eo  quod  iuit  ad  Mercatum  de 
Throkelleston'  et  ibidem  emebat  et  vendebat  et  illud  mercatum 
affirmabat  in  preiudicium  ville  et  tocius  communitatis  de  An- 
deuere  et  contra  sermentum  suum.  Iuit  dictus  Walterus  in  plena 
Morghespeche ;  hoc  fatetur ;  ideo  consideratum  est  quod  dictus 
Walterus  foriudicatus  sit  se  Gilda  sua  imperpetuum. 

Robertus  le  Lytherere  inculpatus  per  Senescallos  ad  Sectam 
tocius  Communitatis  modo  supradicto.  Idem  Robertus  hoc  fatetur. 
Ideo  consideratum  est  quod  dictus  Robertus  forisiudicatus  sit  de 
Gilda  sua  imperpetuum. 

Ex  consideracione  tocius  Communitatis  datus  est  Ade  Spyrkoc 
pro  suo  labore  quidam  locus  in  foro  de  Andeuere  situs  in  occi- 
dentali  stacione  piscarie  ville  de  Andeuere,  ex  opposite  tenementi 
quondam  Roberti  Cobbe,  [inter]  loc[um]  Simonis  de  Tolouse  ex 
parte  australi  et  solum  domini  Regis  ex  parte  boreali,  Habend[us] 
et  tenend[us]  sibi  et  heredibus  suis  imperpetuum,  Reddendo  inde 
domino  Regi  v.  denarios  per  annum. 

Memorandum,  quod  remanent  in  communi  Cista  die  Veneris 
proxima  post  festum  Sancti  Mathie  Apostoli  xv.s.  irn.d.' 


1  Scottpanyes 1. 
\.d.  Edmundus  de  Tangele. 
\.d.  Ricardus  Crul. 
by  3!  inches;  the  lower  portion  of  the  parchment  is  perforated. 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  ^lustrations,  329 

Id.  Joh.  Porker  Junior.  AN  DOVER. 

\.d.  Idem  Joh.  pro  Cabbel. 
\.d.  Nicholaus  le  Power. 
[Forty-six  more  names  follow,  all  except  two  preceded  by  '  i.<£'] 

Nomina  Sedencium.  Sygepanyes. 

Will,  le  Lange           .         .  .  v.d. 

Nich.  le  Lyndraper  .         .  .  v.d. 

Joh.  le  Tannere        .         .  .  \.d. 

Rob.  de  Craule        .         .  .  v.d. 

Joh.  le  ffoghel  ....  v.d. 

Matillda  filia  Th.  Gerueys  .  v.d. 

Heres  Ric.  Sutoris    .         .  .  v.d. 
Joh.  le  Ryde.' 

The  following  is  on  the  dorse  of  the  membrane  : — 

'  Sumrria  omnium  denariorum  de  domo  Superiori  xxxvi.-r.  \\\\.d. 
Vnde  soluti  pro  ceruisia  xviii.5-.  ii.d.  Et  remanet  in  Communi 
Cista  xviii.J.  ii.d. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  ante  ffestum  sancti  A.D.  1334. 
Vincencii  anno  regni  regis  Edw.  tercii  viii°. 

Ad  quern  diem  Joh.  Porker  Junior  petit  quod  possit  dare 
Joh.  filio  Joh.  Porker  Senioris  Gildam  suam  hanceriam,  et  dat 
domui  dimidiam  marcam. 

Ad  quern  diem  Will,  le  Tannere  petit  quod  possit  dare  Gildam 
suam  hanceriam,  que  fuit  Will,  le  Tannere  Junioris,  fratris  sui, 
Roberto  filio  suo ;  et  dat  domui  ii.s. 

Ad  quern  diem  Philippus  Golston'  intrat  per  XX..T.,  si  soluerit.' 


'  Morghespeche  *  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Decol-  A.D.  1334. 
lacionis  sancti  Johannis  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  viii°. 

1  Three  small  slips,  tied  together,  measuring  5|  by  if,  9^  by  if,  and  8  by 
if  inches  respectively.  The  smallest  membrane  contains  twenty-six  names, 
opposite  twenty-four  of  which  is  the  word  '  Jur[atus].'  Of  the  other  two 
membranes  the  longer  contains  the  first  five  of  the  thirteen  entries.  The  hand- 
writing employed  in  it  differs  slightly  from  that  of  the  membranes  on  which 
are  written  the  names  of  the  jurors  and  the  last  eight  entries.  Perhaps  the 
latter  are  records  of  the  Hundred  Court,  and  not  of  the  Gild. 


330  €&e  ®ilD  figjercimnt 

AN  DOVER.  Johannes  Pycard  vadiauit  Joh.  Goude  seniori  emendas  pro 
transgressione  sibi  facta,  per  plegium  Edm.  de  Tangeleye  et 
Robert!. 

Consideratum  est  et  ordinatum  est  per  omnes  tenentes  domini 
Regis  quod  nullus  habeat  communem  pasturam,  nisi  habeat 
Capitale  Messuagium,  vnde  communem  pasturam  pertineat. 

Item,  ordinatum  est  quod  nullus  porcarius  veniat  cum  porcis 
suis  in  Campo  separali  post  dominicam  proximam  post  Natiui- 
tatem  beate  Marie  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  viii0.,  sub  pena 
ii.s. 

Item,  consideratum  est  quod  nulli  porci  veniant  in  communi 
marisco  citra  festum  Natiuitatis  domini  proximo  sequens,  sub 
pena  ii.s. 


Consideratum  est  per  prefatos  Juratores  die  Mercurii  proxima 
post  festum  Epiphanie  domini  quod  assumptus  et  expense  exis- 
tunt  versus  Priorem  in  placito  pro  quodam  h[er]ieto,  quod  exigit 
de  Johanne  Molend'. 

Item,  ordinatum  est  quod  per  breve  vicecomitis  nulla  execucio 
fiet,  et  iustificantur  ipse  et  Manupastus  eius  ad  sectam  cuius- 
cumque  in  Curia  et  Hundredo. 

Item,  consideratum  est  et  concessum  per  predictos  quod  omnes 
oblaciones  supersediant,  preter  oblaciones  que  de  Jure  habebit. 

Item,  dicunt  quod  nullus  de  libertate  faciat  predicto  Priori 
aliquam  societatem  in  aliquibus,  antequam  fuerit  concordatus  cum 
parochianis  suis. 

Item,  ordinatum  est  quod  nullus  faciat  querelam  alicui  Ministro 
domini  Regis  antequam  ius  ei  disser[a]tur  in  Hundredo  et  Curia. 

Item,  quod  si  Balliui  faciant  alicui  iniuriam  quod  predicti  Jura- 
tores  faciant  emendas. 

Item,  consideratum  est  quod  illi  qui  non  sunt  tenentes  domini 
Regis  non  habeant  faldas  in  Campo  neque  pasturam. 

Item,  consideratum  est  quod  illi  qui  non  sunt  tenentes  domini 
Regis  moneantur  amoueri  faldas,  quod  si  non  fecerint  quod 
amercientur.' 


Supplementary  Proofs  anD  3[llustration&  331 

*  Morghespeche 1  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Luce  Euan-     AN  DOVER. 
geliste  Anno  Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu  decimo.  "^6 

Ordinatum  est  per  omnes  fforewardmannos  quod  nullus  de 
cetero  siccat  lanas,  pelle  drappas  lineas  neque  lanutas,  neque 
aliqua  alia  bona  ibi  inponit,  sub  pena  duorum  solidorum,  soluen- 
dorum  ad  opus  ecclesie.  Et  quod  Senescalli  incontinenti  omnes 
in  contrarium  istius  ordinacionis  uenientes  distringant,  quousque 
pena  predicta  leuetur. 

Custodes,  Robertus  le  Killere,  Joh.  Boleffost,  electi  sunt  per  Ordinacio 

cimiterii. 
commumtatem  tocius  Morghespeche. 

Joh.   lue  petit  quod  possit  habere  vnum  locum  ex  opposite  Us. 
taberne  sue,  et  concessum  est  ei,  et  dat  domui  ii.s. 

[Two  similar  petitions  for  places.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  Mercurii  proxima  post  festum  apostolo-  A.D.  1336. 
rum  Simonis  et  Jude  Anno  supradicto. 

Preceptum  est  summonire  (jzir)2  Johannam  que  fuit  vxor  Ricardi 
de  Marisco  ad  respon  lendum  communitati  super  obiciendum. 

Potacio  facta  die  dominica  proxima  ante  festum  apostolorum  Potacio. 
Simonis  et  Jude  Anno  supradicto. 

Capellanus  domus  Sancti  Johannis  plenarie  solutus  de  omnibus 
arreragiis.  Et  remanet  illo  die  in  cista  communi  xxvi.  s.  iii.  d. 

Ad  hunc  diem  Johannes  le  tauerner  venit  et  petit  societatem 
Gildanorum,  et  remanet  in  respectu  usque  ad  proximam. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1336. 
Leonardi  Anno  supradicto. 

[John  '  le  tauerner '  admitted  to  the  Gild.] 

Consideratum  est  per  omnes  ffordwardmannos  quod  Will.  Goude,  vis.  viii.^. 
Ric.  de  Cutecombe,  W.  Pycard,  Joh.  atte  Crouch,  soluant  com- 
munitati vis.  viii.^.,  eo  quod  non  soluerunt  feoda  senescall[orum], 
Pynsern[arum]  necclerici,  et  eo  quod  fecerunt  bastones  de  furfure 
et  non  de  Longitudine  sicut  solent. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancte  A.D.  1336. 
Katerine  virginis  Anno  supradicto. 

Consideratum   est    per    omnes    fordwardmannos    quod    Rob. 

1  15  by  ii  inches ;  tied  together  with  the  membranes  of  12-16,  16,  and  16- 
20  Edw.  III.  2  In  these  Rolls  generally  written  '  sum'.' 


332 


Cfce  ®ilD  figjercfmnt 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D.  1336. 


A.D.  1337. 


i.j.  \\i\.d. 


Expense  J. 
Goude  apud 
London'. 


A.D.  1337. 


Expense  J. 
Wylde. 

A.D.  1337. 


Solucio  X..T. 
Solucio  XX..T. 


Craulye  habebit  vnam  cistam  nomine  hereditatis  patris  sui  melio 
rem,  que  est  in  custodia  Matilde  Craulye,  et  quod  ilia  distrin- 
gatur  ad  tradendum  dicto  Rorjerto  predictam  cistam. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancte 
Juliane  Virginis  Anno  supradicto. 

[Alex,  'le  Warner'  enters  the  Gild  'pro  IX..T.';  two  sureties.] 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Michaelis  Archangeli  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  con- 
questu  xi°. 

Robertus  Goude,  films  Johannis  Goude,  venit  et  petit  quod 
possit  dare  Gildam  suam  hansar[iam]  Johanne  filie  Joh.  Goude, 
auunculi  sui ;  habeat  et  gaudeat,  et  faciat  Jura  domus. 

Eodem  die  remanet  in  Custodia  Ade  Spircok,  Johannis  Selyde, 
senescallorum,  l.s.  vii.d. ;  inde  allocetur  Johanni  Selyde  vi.s.  viii.^., 
quos  soluit  Johanni  Goude  pro  communitate.  Et  Johanni  le 
Palmere  pro  salario  suo  xi.d.  Et  Johanni  Selyde  vi.d.,  que  sibi  a 
retro  fuerunt. — Solutum  Johanni  Selyde  pro  Expensis  suis  apud 
Lond'  pro  domo  Sancti  Johannis  xliii.j.  x.d.,  prout  omnia  ibidem 
expendita. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Edmundi  Regis  Anno  supradicto. 

[Three  new  members ;  fee,  60.  s~\ 

Potacio  Gildanorum  die  dominica  proxima  ante  festum  Sancti 
Edmundi  Regis  Anno  .  .  .  ximo. — Summa  totalis  omnium  denari- 
orum  perceptorum  de  potacione  predicta,  tarn  de  domo  Superiori 
quam  de  domo  Inferiori,  Ixiii.j".  \\ii.d.  Inde  solutum  pro  seruicia 
xxii..r.  Et  \.s.  pro  expensis  Johannis  le  Wylde  apud  London'. 
Et  sic  remanet  xxxvi.51.  \iii.d. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Andree  apostoli  anno  .  .  .  ximo. 

[One  new  member;  fee,  60 s. ;  one  surety.] 

Ad  istum  diem  Will.  Red l  soluit  domino  Willielmo  Capellano 
x.j.  pro  termino  Sancti  Michaelis  proximo  preterito. 

Ad  quern  diem  Simon  le  Ewer1  soluit  xx.j.      Et  solutum  est 


1  This  payment  is  doubtless  an  instalment  of  the  arrears  of  his  entrance-fee. 
He  had  been  admitted  at  the  last  meeting. 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  3[llustrations,  333 

eadem  die  de  Hanspanes,  tarn  de  domo  inferior!  quam  superiori,      AN  DOVER. 
ii.s.  xi.d. 

Henry  Jouyng  de  Colyngeborn  petit  per  Rob.  le  Kyllere  socie-  ad  proximam. 
tatem  Gildanorum.     Et  concessum   est  ei  secundum  antiquam 
ordinacionem,  q[uia]  extraneus.     Et  habet  diem  ad  proximam. 

Ad  quern  diem  Will,  de  Bradele1  soluit  vi.s.  \iii.d.  Solucio  vi.j. 

Item,  libferatum]  Johanni  le  Wylde  et  Johanni  Pykard,  attornatis 

communitatis  et  domus  Sancti  Johannis,  pro  Expensis  suis  apud  Expense  J. 

Pykard  et  J. 

London'  per  octo  dies  xvi.  s.     Item,  pro  ii.  Equis  allocatis  ii.  s.  ie  Wylde. 
i'u.d.     Item,  liberacio  eiusdem  xiii.s.  iiii.d.  pro  consilio  ibidem 
habendo,  et  vnde  computare  tenentur. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  conuer-  A.D.  1338. 
sionis  Sancti  Pauli  anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu 
xiimo. 2 

[John  '  le  Large '  gives  '  Gildam  suam  hansar' '  to  his  brother.]     vi-s-  vil1-^- 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Juliane 
virginis  anno  supradicto. 

Ad  quern  diem  Johanna  filia  et  heres  Johannis  Saucer  optulit 
se  uersus  Adam  le  Wahelere  non  apparentem  in  placito  de  princi- 
palibus  petendis.  Et  ideo  preceptum  quod  Gilda  capiatur  in 
manu  domus.  Et  distringatur  pro  tollonio  de  die  in  diem.  Et 
habet  diem  ad  proximam. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1338. 
Mathie  apostoli  anno  supradicto. 

Ad  quern  diem  Johanna  .  .  .  [the  same  entry  as  that  under 
the  last  '  Morghespeche.'] 

Item,  lib[eratum]  Johanni  le  Wyld  et  Ade  Spircok  pro  Expensis 
eorundem  apud  London'  in  Crastino  Purincacionis  beate  Marie, 
pro  placito  domus  Sancti  Johannis  in  Cancellaria  domini  Regis 
moto,  vnde  receperunt  Iviii.  s.  viii.  d.  De  quibus  solutum  Willielmo 
4e  Harewull'  pro  secta  sua  retrahenda  xx.s.  Et  Johanni  le  Wilde 
pro  expensis  suis  per  xv.  dies  xv.s.  Et  Ade  Spircok  per  septem 
dies  vii.s.  Et  domino  Johanni  de  Seynt-poweles  vi.s.  viii.d.  Et 

1  This  payment  is  doubtless  an  instalment  of  the  arrears  of  his  entrance-fee. 
He  had  been  admitted  to  the  last  meeting. 

2  MS.  '  xi.,'  but  the  scribe  probably  intended  to  write  '  xii.' 


334  Cfje 

AN  DOVER,     domino  Will,  de  Emedone,  irrotulario,  vi.s.  viii.^.     Et  Thome 

Euesham  iii.s.  \i\i.d.     Et  Tibaldo,  proclamatori,  xii.</.' 

A.D.  1338.  [On  Friday  in  the  first  week  of  Lent,  12  Edward  III,  Johanna 
Saucer  again  appeared  against  Adam  le  Wahelere.  '  Et  considera- 
tum  est  per  seneschallos  quod  satisfaciat  de  principalibus  petitis 
citra  proximam,  sub  forisfactura  Gilde  sue  Mercatorie.' — John 
Page  was  admitted  to  the  Gild  'per  IX..T.'] 


A.D.  1338.  <  Rotulus *  forwardmannorum  de  Domo  Inferiori  intitulatus, 
Die  Dominica  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  dementis,  Pape  et 
Martiris,  anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis  Edwardi  Duo- 
decimo.' 

This  heading  is  followed  by  forty-two  groups  of  four  names 
each,  arranged  in  three  columns,  each  group  preceded  by  '  fTor  V 
Here  is  the  first  of  them  : 

'ffor     Johannes  Hathewolf, 
Lucia  Orpede, 
Robertus  le  Litherere, 
Alienora  Vincent.' 

Only  in  the  following  cases  do  we  find  anything  added  to  the 
names  : — '  Thomas  Spircok  per  vxorem,'  '  Adam  Spircok  per  T. 
de  Celario,'  '  Thomas  de  Celario  per  vxorem,'  '  Editha  la  Palmere 
per  PetrumAuunculum,'  'Thomas  de  Celario  per  W.  Prat  seniorem,' 
'Rob.  le  Wite,  pelliparius,'  'Ricardus  Snow  pro  Gilda  W.  Walkelyn,' 
'  Joh.  Woluel  pro  gilda  J.,  auunculi  sui,'  '  Agnes  filia  Roberti 
Litherere  pro  gilde  T.  Font,'  '  Will.  Flemeng  per  fratrem,'  '  Joh. 
Porker  pro  gilda  Cabbel,'  '  Robertus  Horn  pro  Gilda  Elledene,' 
'  Will,  atte  Orchard  pro  Sauage,'  '  Joh.  Gregory  per  vxorem,'  '  Rob. 
le  Wite,  carnifex,'  '  Joh.  Lucas  pro  Hamuile,'  '  Joh.  filius  Thome 
Guide  per  matrem,'  '  Joh.  Lucas  per  patrem,'  '  Vxor  Giffard  prg 
gilda  Gontor,'  '  Peter  le  Wite,  carnifex,'  '  Edigius  le  Power  pro 
Gilda  Will.  Wylekyn,' '  Joh.  Astil  per  Petrum  Alayn.'  Two  names, 

1  20  by  8-8|  inches ;  the  writing  on  the  dorse  is  very  much  faded. 

2  The  last  of  the  168  names  is  written  twice  in  succession.     Seventeen  are 
names  of  women. 


Supplementary  Proofs  ami  3[llustratton&  335 

'  Johannes  Porker,  senior,'  and  '  Johannes  films  luonis  Calcher,' 
are  preceded  by  the  word  '  Gustator 1.' 

The  following  is  taken  from  the  dorse  of  the  same  membrane  : — 

'  ffeoda  senescallorum.  Vterque  senescallus  habebit  vtroque 

die  quatuor  lagenas  ceruisie,  quamuis 
pynka  sit  de  quinque  lagenis,  conce- 
datur.  Item,  vterque  habebit  de  gusta- 
toribus  vtroque  die  xii.  bastones,  duas 
tortatas,  et  vtroque  die  vi.  d. 

ffeoda  Pincernarum.  Vterque  Pincerna  habebit  vtroque  die 

iii.  lagenas  ceruisie,  quamuis  pinka  sit 
de  quatuor  lagenis,  concedatur.  Item, 
vterque  habebit  de  gustatoribus  vtroque 
die  vi.  bastones,  et  vtroque  die  iiii.</., 
vterque  eorum. 

ffeoda  clericorum.  Vterque  habebit  vtroque  die  duas  la- 

genas ceruisie,  et  de  gustatoribus  vter- 
que vi.  bastones  vtroque  die,  et  vtroque 
die  vterque  \\\.d. 

ffeoda  gustatorum.  Quilibet  vnam  lagenam  ceruisie. 


ANDOVER. 


Summa  denariorum  receptorum  de  scotpanes,  sigepanes  et 
hanspanes  in  Domo  inferiori  xlii.s.  v.d. 

Summa  denariorum  receptorum  de  scotpanes,  sigepanes  et 
hanspanes  in  Domo  superiori  xli.^.  v\.d. 

1  There  is  an  older  roll  at  Andover  similar  to  this,  headed  'Rotulus  ffor- 
wardmannorum  de  Domo  Inferiori  intitulatus,  Anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi 
[III]  filii  Regis  Edwardi  Secundo.'  It  measures  18  by  9!  inches,  and  is  in  a 
somewhat  ragged  condition.  This  membrane,  like  that  of  12  Edw.  Ill,  con- 
tains forty-two  groups  of  four  names  each,  preceded  by  '  ffor.'  Some  of  these 
groups  have,  in  addition,  one  or  more  names  through  which  a  line  has  been 
drawn,  or  opposite  which  '  vacat '  is  written.  Five  of  the  groups  are  entirely 
cancelled.  Many  of  the  groups  in  this  roll  are  identical  with  those  of  12  Edw. 
III.  In  others  the  only  change  is  the  succession  of  a  son  to  a  father ;  or  a 
husband  occupies  the  place  formerly  held  by  his  wife.  The  cancelled  groups, 
spoken  of  above,  do  not  appear  in  the  roll  of  1 2  Edw.  Ill ;  and  the  last  six 
groups  of  the  latter  are  not  in  the  former. 


336 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D.  1338. 


Summa  denariorum  receptorum  de  intrantibus  glide  mercatorum, 
die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  sancti  Andree  apostoli  anno  regni 
regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis  Edwardi  filii  Regis  Edwardi  duodecimo, 
xxviii..r.  iiii.^. 

Summa  totalis  receptorum  cxii.  s.  iii.  d. 

Inde  solutum  est  pro  ceruisia  xxxii..?.  iii.d.  Item,  pro  profro 
Sancti  Michaelis  vi.s.  \\ii.d.  Item  [in  denariis]  solutis  custodi 
domus  Sancti  Johannis  xlii.j.  vi.d. 

Summa  denariorum  solutorum  [not  given]. 

Et  sic  remanet  in  custodia  Joh.  Goude  xxx.j.  ix.a?.' 


A.D.  1338.  '  Morghespeche l  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Philippi  et  Jacobi 
anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  conquestu  duodecimo. 

Ad  quern  diem  ordinatum  est  per  totam  communitatem  quod 
nullus  fullator  neque  tixtor  de  cetero  vendant  pannos  in  domobus 
suis  aut  alibi  in  Custodia  eorundem,  nisi  producant  venditores  et 
emptores  coram  Balliuis,  sub  pena  duorum  solidorum  ad  opus 
Balliuorum,  quocienscumque  et  quandocumque  super  hoc  con- 
uicti  fuerint.  Et  hoc  iurant  coram  Balliuis,  sub  pena  amittendi 
societatem  Gildanorum.' 
[One  new  member.] 

A.D.  1339.  On  Friday  the  morrow  of  Ascension-day,  13  Edward  III,  there 
were  three  petitions  concerning  admission  to  the  Gild. 

*  Joh.  Ede  senior  vadiat  emendas  domui  pro  transgressione  ei 

misericordia.  facta  eo  quod  docuit  homines  non  soluere2  stallagium  ville  de 
Andeuere,  et  remanet  in  misericordia.' 

A.D.  1339.  On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Boniface,  13  Edward  III, 
Alice  '  filia  Joh.  Pikenot '  was  allowed  to  give  to  her  husband 
'  Gildam  suam  hansarpam],  quam  habuit  de  dono  patris  sui ' ; 
fee,  6s.  &d. 

A.D.  1339.  At  another  'Morghespeche'  held  on  Friday  next  after  St. 
Matthew's  day,  13  Edward  III,  'Preceptum  est  capere  in  manus 
domus  pratum  quod  aliquando  fuit  Galfridi  le  Saghiere.'  There 

1  17^-19   by    ii    inches.     A   piece   from  the   lower  right-hand   corner   is 
wanting ;  some  of  the  entries  on  the  dorse  are  very  much  faded. 
3  MS.  'sol'.' 


©iipplementarp  proofs  anD  Illustrations,  337 

are  also  three  entries  concerning  membership,  in  one  of  which  it      AN  DOVER. 
is  recorded  that  Peter  Asselyn  gave  to  his  brother  { gildam  suam 
hansar[iam],  quam  habuit  ex  consideracione  tocius  Cuiie.' 

'  Morgspeche   tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  A.D.  1330. 
Michaelis  Anno  Supradicto. 

[One  transfer  of  a  gild.] 

Ad  quern  diem  Agnes  Ildebrond  habet  diem  ad  demonstran- 
dum quare  pratum  quod  iacet  iuxta  Ripam  Ricardi  de  la  Mersche 
non  debet  esse  Domui  Sancti  Johannis  Baptiste  de  Andeuere, 
sicut  inuentum  fuit  in  rotulo.  Et  preceptum  est  quod  capiatur  in 
manu  domus  pro  defalta  ipsius  Agnetis,  donee,  etc.' 

[Two  brief  entries  '  de  placito  transg.'] 

Morgspeche   tenta  die   veneris   proxima   post   festum   Sancte  A.D.  1339. 
ffidis  virginis  Anno  Supradicto.' 

In  a  suit  between  four  persons  it  was  agreed  to  remit  the  actions, 
and  if  any  of  them  defame  the  other,  he  is  to  give  six  pounds  of 
wax  to  the  light  on  the  great  altar  of  St.  Mary's  church  at  Andover. 

On  the  same  day  John  *  le  Mew '  enters  the  Gild  '  per  Ix.  s.' ; 
he  is  sworn  and  finds  two  sureties. 

'  Die  dominica  proxima  post  festum  Sancti  Dyonysii,  xiii.  s.  et 
iiii.^.  Et  in  festo  Sancti  Nicholai  Episcopi,  xiii.s.  mi.d.'' 

On  Friday  next  after  St.  Oswald's  day,  14  Edward  III,  there  A.D.  1340. 
were  five  applications  for  the  gildship.     Among  those  admitted, 
was  Simon  Prat,  muleward. 

On  Friday  next   after   St.  Gregory's  day  in   the   same  year,  A.D.  1340. 
Geoffrey  Cosch  was  admitted,  and  Richard  de  Cutecumbe  was 
allowed  to  give  to  his  son  John  '  gildam  suam  la  hanc'.' 

'  Ad  quern  diem  Joh.  Selyde  et  Rob.  atte  Watere  electi  fuerunt 
senescalli.' 

On  Friday  '  proxima  post  festum  Sancte  Scolastice  virginis,'  A.D.  1341. 
15  Edward  III,  Andrew  'atte  hethe'  entered  the  Gild  for  6os.  ; 
two  sureties. 

4  Ad  quern  'diem  Joh.  Astyl  senior  venit  et  petit  quod  possit  iU. 
dare  Gildam  suam  cum  vno  loco  in  occidentali  stacione  sutarii 
de  Andeuere ;  habeat  et  gaudeat,  et  faciat  Jura  domus.     Plegius, 
Nich.  Linnedraper.' 

z 


338 


Cfte  ®ilD  agercfwnt 


ANDOVER. 


A.D. 1342. 


A.D. 1342. 


quietus, 
intrauit. 

quietus. 


quietus, 
quietus. 
A.D.  1342. 


On  Friday  next  after  St.  Agatha's  day,  16  Edward  III,  Robert 
Steel  entered  the  Gild ;  fee,  6o.r.,  of  which  he  then  paid  2os. 
A  wife  also  sought  to  give  her  gild  to  her  husband. 

'  Ad  quern  diem  Joh.  Stuer  vadiat  emendas  domui  eo  quod 
dispersionauit  Will.  Lacy  et  sociis  suis,  Collectoribus  denariorum 
assessorum  in  W  .  . .  ch  ;  plegius,  Joh.  Lucas. 

Ad  quern  diem  Joh.  Symond  de  Enham  Militis  venit  et 
petit  Societatem  gilde ;  ponitur  in  respectu  usque  ad  proximam.' 

On  Friday  [St.  Valentine's  day]  in  the  same  year,  there  were 
two  applications  concerning  membership. 


1  Johannes !  Knight  viii.d.  pro  arreragiis  Gilde  Will.  Bultefforde. 

Thomas  Roubus  debet  vi.s.  viii.d. 

Johannes  le  Mew  xx.d. 

Thomas  Woluel  pro  Gilda  Willielmi  Sauage  xx.d. 

Idem  Thomas  recepit  de  Ric.  Mason  xvi.s.  Et  idem  Ric. 
debet  viii.^. 

Idem  Thomas  recepit  de  Simone  Muleward  xx.s. 

Idem  Thomas  recepit  de  Galffrido  Cosch  xi.s.  iiii.d. 

Johannes  Breghe  recepit  de  Galffrido  Cosch  xiii.s.  iv.d. 

Johannes  Selide  recepit  de  eodem  Galffrido  ii..y. 

Robertus  Cutecombe  ii.s. — J.  Selide  soluit  capellano. 

Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Valentini  Anno  xvim0.' 

Christina  daughter  of  Richard  Colston  gave  '  Gildam  suam 
hans[ariam]'  to  her  husband,  Nicholas  Osward,  and  to  the  heirs 
begotten  of  them.  But  if  they  should  die  without  having  heirs, 
then  the  gild  was  to  go  to  her  heirs. 

John  Symond  of  Knight's  Enham  was  admitted  to  the  Gild. 

On  the  dorse  of  the  membrane  is  this  entry  : — '  Thomas  Woluel 
petit  allocacionem  de  xxxv.  s.  traditis  Johanni  le  Breghe  et  Johanni 
Yue ;  et  allocati  ei.  De  quibus  Joh.  Breghe  et  Joh.  Yue  soluerunt 
Capellano  xxv.  J.  Et  debent  communitati  x.  s.  Et  idem  Thomas 
debet  communitati 


1  1 1£  by  6|  inches. 


^upplementatg  Proofs  anD  3lllu0tration&  339 

On  Friday1  next  after  Michaelmas-day,  16  Edward  [III],  there      ANDOVER. 
were  four  applications  concerning  membership. 

-A..D.  1342. 

On  Friday  in  the  festival  of  the  translation  of  St.  Edward  the  ^  ^  1343 
Martyr,  17  Edward  III,  three  persons  entered  the  Gild  for  60. s. 
each,  paying  20.  s.  at  once  and  finding  two  pledges. 

'  Item,  ordinatum  est  in  plena  Morgspeche  quod  antiqua  ordi-  Ordinacio. 
nacio  de  ffaldis  in  Communia  pastura  tenendis  quod  teneatur, 
sicut  ex  antiquo  teneri  consueuit. 

Ad  quern  diem  Henricus  Brewer  et  Johannes  fflemynge  elect! 
fuerunt  Senescalli.' 

On   the  eve  of  St.   Luke's   day  in  the  same  year,  two  new  A.D.  1343. 
members   were   enrolled  ;    and   a   payment   was    made    to   the 
stewards. 

At  another  *  Morgspech '  held  on  Friday  the  morrow  of  Ascen-  A.D. 1344. 
sion-day,  18  Edward  III,  two  applications  for  the  gildship  were 
postponed  until  the  next  meeting. 

On  Friday  next  after  St.   Matthew's  day  in  the  same  year,  A.D.  1344. 
William    '  le   dyghere '  was   admitted ;   fee,   60^. ;   two   sureties. 
Johanna  '  filia  et  coheres  Roberti  le  ffoghel '  gave  '  gildam  suam 
liberam '  to  her  husband. 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Hillary,  19  Edward  [III] 2,  A.D.  1345. 
John  '  le  Cartere '  became  a  member ;  and  Emma  '  filia  Roberti 
le  ffoghel '  gave  her  '  gildam  hans' '  to  her  husband. 

'  Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  in  festo  Sancti  Augustini 
Anno  xviii0.'2 ' 

Rob.  Clarice  intrat  in  gilda  mercatoria  de  Andeuere  ex  dono 
tocius  communitatis  pro  .  .  .  impenso. 

Edw.  Atte  Morische  venit  in  plena  Morghespeche  coram  com- 
munitate  et  vadiat  communitati  emendas,  videlicet,  xx.s.,  pro  eo 
quod  in  preiudicium  communitatis  fieri  fecit  quamdam  delibera- 
cionem  aueriorum  per  breue  vicecomitis,  contra  libertatem  pre- 
dictam.  Et  inuenit  plegios,  Thomam  Woluel  et  Joh.  Asselyn.' 

1  17  by  to|  inches.  A  piece  from  one  corner  is  wanting ;  a  small  portion  of 
the  writing  is  much  faded. 

a  MS.  *  anno  xviii0,'  but  the  sequence  of  saints'  festivals  requires  that  it 
should  be  '  19  Edward  III.' 

Z    2 


340 


Cfce  (SilD  8©erclmnk 


AN  DOVER.          On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  the  Elevation  of  the  Cross, 
in  the  same  year,  Andrew  Craule  received  his  father's  gild. 

On  Friday  next  after  St.  Matthew's  day,  in  the  same  year,  there 
were  three  petitions  concerning  membership. 

A.D.  1346.          '  Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  post  diem  Cinerum 
Anno  regni  regis  Edwardi  tercii  a  Conquestu  xx°.' 

William  de  Katerynton  receives  from  his  wife  '  Gildam  suam 
hansar', '  which  she  inherited  from  her  father ;  fee,  6 s.  &d. — Robert 
Osward  gave  his  '  gildam  liberam '  to  his  brother  Edmund. — John 
Pycard  gave  to  his  brother  Thomas  c  gildam  suam  hans'  que  fuit 
Amicie,  matris  sue ' ;  fee,  6s.  %d. ;  two  sureties. — Alice,  wife  of 
Roger  de  Clatford,  gave  her  son  Ralph  'gildam  suam  liberam,  que 
fuit  Johannis  Asse';  fee,  2S. 

1  Johannes  Parker  sutor  intrat  in  societatem  Gildanorum  per 
xxvi.-r.  viii.</.    xxvi.  s,  viii.  d. ;   habeat  et  gaudeat  sibi  et  heredibus  suis  imper- 
petuum.'     There  were  also  three  more  applications  concerning 
new  members. 

A.D.  1346.          4  Morghespeche  tenta  die  veneris  in  vigilia  Sancte  Katerine 
virginis  Anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  a  Conquestu  xx°. 

Johannes  ffraunce  venit  et  petit  societatem  Gildanorum,  et  ad 
rogatum  Margarete  Comitisse  Kancie  concessa  est  ei  quod  habeat 
et  gaudeat  sibi  et  heredibus  imperpetuum,  etc.  Et  omnia  feoda 
condonantur,  etc.' 


A.D.  1347. 


Essoniatus. 


In  miseri- 
cordia  pro 
falso  clamio 
suo. 


'  Morghespeche1  tenta  die  veneris  proxima  ante  festum  Apo- 
stolorum  Simonis  et  Jude  Anno  regni  Regis  Edwardi  [III]  a  Con- 
questu xx°.  primo. 

Johannes  Spyrcok,  Mercer,  uersus  Robertum  Rycheman  de 
placito  transgressionis,  vnde  lex  per  Joh.  le  Wilde.' 

William  son  of  Gilbert  le  Dyghere  was  allowed  to  give  to  a 
relative  '  gildam  suam  hans', '  which  he  inherited  from  his  brother ; 
fee,  6s.  %d.  Another  new  member  was  admitted  '  per  Ix.j.' 

'  Robertus  Rycheman  querens  optulit  se  uersus  Johannem 
Spyrcok,  Mercer,  in  placito  transgressionis.  Et  vnde  queritur 

1  9!  by  9  inches,  written  on  one  side  only,  tied  together  with  the  eight 
membranes  of  5-15  Edward  II. 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  3(lltistratton&  341 

quod  predictus  Job.  venit  certis  die  et  Anno  in  villa  de  Andeuere  AN  DOVER. 
et  alibi  inter  notos  et  amicos  suos  erga  ipsum  Robertum  incom- 
petenter  loquendo  et  narrando  in  locis  publicis  quod  idem  Ro- 
bertus  venit  et  intrauit  domum  ipsius  Johannis  contra  voluntatem 
suam  in  Andeuere,  et  res  suas  et  facultates  ad  valenciam  xx. 
marcarum  ibidem  inuentas  cepit  et  asportauit,  vnde  predictus  Lex. 
Robertus  dicit  quod  de  statu  suo  et  condicionibus  suis  prehabitis 
deterioratus  est  et  dampnum  habet  ad  valenciam  xx.s.  Et  inde 
producit  sectam,  etc.  Et  predictus  Johannes  presens  dicit  quod  de 
ilia  transgressione  non  est  culpabilis.  Et  sic  est  ad  legem  se  via. 
manu ;  plegii,  Joh.  le  Wilde  et  Thomas  Woluel.  Et  habent  diem 
ad  proximam,  etc.' 

On  Friday  next  after  the  festival  of  St.  Gregory,  22  Edward  III,  A.D.  1348. 
there  was  one  admission  to  the  Gild. 


I  have  carefully  compared  these  ancient  Gild  Rolls  with  con- 
temporary records  of  the  Andover  Hundred  Court.  The  latter 
was  held  weekly  on  Monday.  The  two  headings,  '  Curia  tenta 
die  Lune,'  etc.  and  '  Hundredum  tentum  die  Lune,'  etc.,  are 
used  alternately.  In  some  rolls  '  Hundredum  forinsecum'  is  sub- 
stituted for  '  Curia,'  and  '  Hundredum  intrinsecum '  for  '  Hun- 
dredum.' The  entries  refer  for  the  most  part  to  pleas  concerning 
debt,  land,  transgressions,  bloodshed,  trespass,  battery,  theft, 
breaking  the  assize  (' pro  assisa  fracta'),  'pro  tollonio  asportato,' 
'  pro  hutesio  levato,'  etc.  The  only  officers  mentioned  are  the 
Bailiffs.  The  Gild  is  never  referred  to.  The  decennaries  are 
sometimes  alluded  to ;  and  there  are  a  few  admissions  into  alder- 
manries, for  example: — 'Stephanus  pistor  intrat  in  Aldremanriam 
Johannis  le  Knyst  per  plegium  Thome  Cabbel  et  Julie,  Relicte 
W.  Snow'  (33  Edw.  I).  The  following  extract  from  one  of  the 
Hundred  Rolls  will  exemplify  their  general  form  and  contents  :— 

'  Curia  tenta  die  Lune  in  festo  Sanctorum  Innocencium  Anno  A.D.  1304. 
supradicto  \ 

Nicholaus  Osmund  uersus  Johannem  Cole  de  placito  debiti, 
per  Johannem  Lucas. 

1  33  Edward  [I]. 


342 


Cfje  <$iin  agercfmnt 


AN  DOVER. 


A.D. 1305. 

Affidabit  ad 
proximam. 


Willielmus  Capon  uersus  Johannem  Oriold,  filium  Johannis 
Oriold,  de  placito  debiti,  per  Rogerum  Selide. 

Hundredum  tentum  die  Lime  proxima  post  festum  Circum- 
cisionis  domini  Anno  supradicto. 

Johannes  Cole  uersus  Nicholaum  Osmund  de  placito  debiti, 
per  Adam  Cole. 

Erchebaldus  le  Bonyere  uersus  Johannem  le  deken  et  Thomam 
le  Bonyere  de  placito  debiti,  per  J.  Erchebaud. 

Nicholaus  de  Holte  uersus  Rogerum  Tebaud  de  placito  debiti, 
per  Robertum  de  Hameledon'. 

Johannes  le  Taylur  uersus  Math[eu]m  Erchebaud  de  placito 
transgressionis,  vnde  lex  per  Walterum  de  Celario. 

Stephanus  de  Appletre,  quod  est  in  seruicio  domini  Regis,  uersus 
Johannem  de  Holte,  vicarium  ecclesie  de  Anne  port,  [de  placito 
captionis] l  et  detencionis  vnius  equi,  vnde  lex  vad[iatur]  per 
W.  Kyng. 

Erchebaldus  le  Bonyere  uersus  Rogerum  Paterich  et  Matilldam, 
vxorem  eius,  de  placito  debiti,  per  Robertum  Stygel. 

Agnes  Olympias  uersus  Balliuos  de  placito  transgressionis, 
vnde  lex  per  Henricum  Page. 

Affidabit  in  xv.      Stephanus  de  Hoghton'  uersus  Balliuos  de  placito  transgres- 
sionis, per  Stephanum  Mankorn. 

Curia  tenta  die  Lune  proxima  ante  festum  Sancti  Hillarii  Anno 
supradicto. 

Nicholaus  Osmund  uersus  Johannem  Cole  de  placito  debiti,  per 
Jacobum  Prat. 

Hundredum  tentum  die  Lune  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 
Hillarii  Anno  supradicto. 

Erchebaldus  le  Bonyere  uersus  Rogerum  Paterich  et  Matilldam, 
vxorem  eius,  de  quadam  lege  facta  de  placito  debiti,  per  Johannem 
Erchebaud. 

Willielmus  Carectarius,  persona  de  Penyton',  uersus  Aliciam 
de  Wadewyk  de  placito  transgressionis,  vnde  lex  facta  per 
Willielmum  le  Wylde. 


A.D.  1305. 


A.D.  1305. 


1  A  small  piece  of  the  membrane  is  here  wanting. 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  3[llustration&  343 

Nicholaus  atte  Tre  uersus  Robertum  Smalhach  de  placito  trans-      AN  DOVER. 
gressionis,  per  Rogerum  Vytschere. 

Johannes  films  Thome  Goude  senior,  quod  est  vltra  mare, 
uersus  Amiciam  la  Rede  de  Andeuere  de  placito  terre,  per 
Thomam  Goudlak. 

Johannes  films  Roberti  le  Rede  de  Shyrborn'  uersus  Amiciam  la 
Rede  de  Andeuere  de  placito  terre,  per  Rogerum  filium  Johannis. 

Robertus  Bekke  uersus  Ricardum  le  Couk  et  Isabellam, 
sororem  eius,  de  placito  debiti,  per  Willielmum  Osward. 

Robertus  Sma[l]hach  uersus  Nicholaum  atte  Tre  de  placito 
transgressionis,  per  W.  Kyng. 

Curia  tenta  die  Lune  in  festo  Conuersionis  beati  Pauli  Anno  A.D.  1305. 
Regni  Regis  Edwardi  [I]  xxxiii0. 

[One  plea  for  debt,  and  another  for  transgression.] 

Willielmus  Terry  uersus  Balliuos  de  tollonio  asportato,  per 
R.  Hanuyle. 

Nicholaus  de  cruce  uersus  Robertum  Alyne  de  placito  deten- 
cionis  vnius  eque,  per  Johannem  de  Wylton'. 

Johannes  le  Lul  uersus  Feliciam  que  fuit  vxor  Petri  Hechkoc 
de  placito  transgressionis,  per  Ricardum  Cope.' 


Liber  A*  of  the  Maneloquium  Books l  contains  records  of  the 
Gild  from  3  Henry  V  to  5  Henry  VII.  Most  of  the  entries  are 
similar  to  the  following  : — 

'  Morwespeche  ibidem  tenta  die  dominica  proxima  ante  festum  Andeuere. 
Sancti  Michaelis  Archangeli  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  VI  xxvto.      A.D.  1446. 

'  Thomas  Latenere, 


Electi  ad  officium  Balliuorum  per 
xxiiii.  fforwardinos 


Walterus  James, 
Johannes  Basyngge, 


v  Robertus  Penyton'. 

( Joh.  Basyngge  \ 

Unde  electi  per  Senechallos   <  I  et  jurati  sunt. 

I  Rob.  Penyton'  j 

1  A  paper  volume,  bound  in  vellum,  containing  55  pages  and  measuring  8| 
by  6  inches.  The  pages  are  not  numbered.  It  begins  with  the  heading  of  a 
'  morghespeche '  in  16  Richard  II.  This  is  followed  by  a  list  of  forewardmen. 
Then  comes  the  record  of  the  meeting  of  3  Henry  V. 


344 


€&e  ®ilD  agercfwnt 


AN  DOVER.  Ad  istam  venit  Johannes  Champyon  et  petit  societatem  Gilda- 
norum,  et  concessa  est  ei,  Soluendo  communitati  ville  predicte 
xx.s.j  videlicet,  ad  festa  Pasche,  Sancti  Johannis  Baptiste  et  Sancti 
Michaelis  proximo  sequentibus  post  datam  presentem.  Plegii, 
Ricardus  Lokett  et  Thomas  Latenere.' 

According  to  the  entries  in  this  book,  the  meetings  were 
generally  held  once  a  year — after  i  Henry  VI,  usually  on  Sunday 
before  Michaelmas.  From  33  Henry  VI  'Maneloquium'  supersedes 
the  English  term  '  Morghespeche.'  In  the  time  of  Edward  IV  the 
admissions  to  the  Gild  became  very  rare  \  The  business  ordinarily 
transacted  was  the  election  of  two  bailiffs  by  the  *  senescalli ' 
(during  and  after  the  reign  of  Edward  IV  by  the  '  senescalli ' 
and  the  retiring  bailiffs)  from  four  candidates  named  by  the 
'  twenty-four  forewardmen  V  Lists  of  these  '  forewardmen '  are 
occasionally  given3.  At  the  meetings  held  during  the  reign  of 
Edward  IV  and  his  successors,  besides  the  election  of  bailiffs, 
Liber  A*  records  allotments  of  '  common  acres '  and  market-stalls, 
and  makes  occasional  reference  to  the  accounts  of  the  two 
chamberlains. 

The  following  passages  are  of  special  interest : — 

Andeuere.  *  Morwspech  tenta  ibidem  die  veneris  proxima  post  festum  Sancti 

A.D.  1415.      Michaelis  Archangeli  anno  regni  Regis  Henrici  quinti  tercio. 

Ordinatum  est  ad  predictam  Morwspech  ex  assensu  tocius 
communitatis  eiusdem  ville  quod  xxiiiior.  erunt  electi  ibidem,  et 
habebunt  gubernacionem  dicte  ville  cum  superuisione  senescal- 
lorum  et  balliuorum,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint ;  et  quicquid  iidem 
faciunt  nomine  communitatis  ratum  et  gratum  habituri  nomine 
nostro,  vt  de  antique  ordinatum  fuit.'  The  names  of  the  two 
*  senescalli '  and  two  '  ballivi '  are  then  given. 

V 

1  The  entrance-fee  mentioned  in  this  volume  is  almost  invariably  20  s.     In 
some  petitions  of  the  years  33-34  Henry  VI  we  find  the  expression  '  petit 
societatem  Gildanorum  et  consocietatem  ville.' 

2  Previous  to  22  Henry  VI  the  nomination  of  the  four  candidates  was  made 
by  the  community  ('  per  communitatem '). 

3  There  are  in  all  only  six  lists,  four  of  them  belonging  to  the  reign  of 
Edward  IV.    Twenty-six  names  are  generally  given.    It  appears  that  the  tenure 
of  their  office  was  for  life,  or  until  they  removed  from  the  town. 


Supplementary  Proofs  anD  illustrations.  345 

On  fol.  [29]  there  is  an  ordinance  of  14  Richard  II  similar  to     ANDOVER. 
the  above. 

'  Maneloquium  ibidem  tentum  die  dominica  proxima  ante  festum  Andeuere. 
Sancti  Michaelis  Archangeli  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  VIti  xxxvto.   A.D.  1456. 

[Election  of  bailiffs.] 

Senescalli  ac  xxiiiior.  iforewardinorum  concordati  sunt  et  ordi- 
nauerunt  that  alle  tho  that  ben  made  enfranchised  before  this 
day  that  they  or  her  boroghes  pay  her  ffynes  and  make  her  writyng 
redy  by  Allesowlyn  day  next  coming  without  ony  delay.  Or  ellis 
the  bayllies  that  ben  and  the  baillies  that  eve  synne  the  fredom 
made  schall  levey  her  ffynes. 

Item,  Senescalli  et  xxiiiior.  rforwardinorum  ordinauerunt  that  no 
man,  woman  nor  childe  Rake  yn  ony  mannes  lond  ane  Corne  yn 
harvestyme  ne  after  with  no  Rake.  Payne  of  xl.</.  to  the  Chirche, 
the  whiche  the  Churche  Wardens  for  the  tyme  beyng  schall  leve. 
And  the  partyes  that  fyndeth  hem  greved  theryn  take  her  ax- 
yon,  etc.' 

Maneloquium,  Michaelmas  21  Edward  IV.     The  names  of  the  A.D.  1481. 
twenty-four  forewardmen  are  given.     Then  comes  this  entry  : — 

'Ad  hunc  diem  preceptum  est  per  Senescallos  quod  omnes 
qui  sunt  de  xxiiiior.  forwardinis  sint  ad  Maneloquium  tenendum 
ibidem  die  lune  proxima  post  festum  translacionis  Sancti  Edwardi 
Regis  proximo  futurum,  et  vlterius  omnes  plegii  pro  finibus 
Burgencium  cum  Camerariis  dicte  ville  ad  faciendum  clarum 
Compotum.' 

'  Maneloquium  tentum  ibidem  xvmo.  die  Octobris  Anno  regni  Andeuere. 
regis  Edwardi  quarti  xximo.  A.D.  1481. 

Ad  istud  Maneloquium  ordinatum  est  quod  quilibet  forincicus 
artifex  qui  non  est  de  Societate  Gilde  ville  predicte  et  tenet 
aliquem  opellam,  non  monstrabit  in  eadem  opella  artificium  suum 
in  primo  introitu  suo,  quousque  soluerit  Camerariis  ville  predicte, 
que  pro  tempore  fuerint,  xii.</.  ad  opus  camere.' 

Liber  A1  of  the  Maneloquium  Books  extends  from  i  Edward  III 

1  A  parchment  volume,  measuring  1 2  by  9  inches,  bound  in  vellum,  contain- 
ing 56  folios. 


346 

AN  DOVER,  to  2-3  Philip  and  Mary,  but  only  very  few  of  the  entries  are  of 
the  period  preceding  the  reign  of  Henry  VI,  and  more  than  half 
the  volume  (ff.  15-44)  relates  to  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  The 
Maneloquium  was  generally  held  annually  on  Sunday  before 
Michaelmas-day.  The  election  of  officers  and  the  leasing  of  stalls, 
lands  and  tenements  constituted  the  most  prominent  business 
transacted  at  these  meetings.  The  entries  of  admission  to  the 
Gild  almost  wholly  disappear  in  the  sixteenth  century.  During 
this  period  there  was  only  one  steward,  who  was  often  a  knight 
The  governing  council  was  still  called  the  twenty-four  (the  cxxiiiior.,' 
the  'xxiiiior.  probi  homines,'  or  the  'xxiiii01".  de  corporacione')1. 
Two  constables  now  regularly  appear  among  the  officers  elected. 
Like  Liber  A*,  the  earlier  portions  of  this  volume  were  probably 
compiled  from  the  old  Gild  Rolls,  while  the  later  portions  are 
probably  contemporary  records  of  the  Maneloquium  meetings 2. 

The  following  are  the  admissions  to  the  Gild  in  the  sixteenth 
century  : — 

A.D.  1521.  13    Henry  VIII. — 'Thomas   Carpynter,    Shomaker,    venit    et 

f°l-  33  *•          petit  admitti   de  Societate   gyldanorum   ville   predicted     He   is 

admitted  for  a  fee  of  26s.  %d. 

A.D.  1529.          21  Henry  VIII. — 'Ad  hunc  diem  Rob.  Colwell  petit  admitti  in 
0  •  3'   *          Societatem  Gildanorum  predictorum,  et  pro  diuersis  considera- 
cionibus    Senescallo,    Balliuis    et    xxivor.   predictis   mouentibus 
admissus  est  in  Societatem  libertatis  Gilde  predicted     He  pays 
6s.  &/.,  '  et  juratus  est.' 
A.D.  1555.  2-3  Philip  and  Mary  :— 

'Robertas  Bakehouse  "1  electi  sunt  in   gildam   mercatoriam  et 

Thomas  Frankelyn      j  jurati. 

Willielmus  Golde  electus  est  in  Gildam  mercatoriam.' 


1  After  the  middle  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII  their  number  diminishes  from 
about  26  to  13-18.     An  entry  on  fol.  37  indicates  that  they  were  elected  by  co- 
optation. 

2  On  fol.  i  of  Liber  A  is  this  note — '  Iste  liber  continet  xliiii01'.  folia  xxiiii*0.  die 
Septembris  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  VIIIui  xxxv*0.,  tempore  [the  names  of  the 
Steward  and  two  Bailiffs].'     Another  note  on  the  same  page  says  that  the  book 
contained  56  leaves,  April  13,  1582. 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  3[llustratiott&  347 

Liber  B  of  the  Maneloquium  Books1,  'The  Lydger  of  the  AN  DOVER. 
Towne  of  Andeuere,'  extends  from  2-3  Philip  and  Mary  to  1674. 
'  Maneloquium  ibidem  tentum,'  etc.,  '  At  this  Morrowspeach  it  is 
agreed,'  etc.,  are  the  headings  of  the  transactions  down  to  April  5, 
1622  (fol.  142),  after  which  date  they  are  superseded  by  'Curia 
siue  Convocatio  Communis  Consilii  ibidem  tenta,'  etc.,  '  At  this 
Courte  it  is  ordered,'  etc.,  '  At  this  Common  Councell  it  is  agreed,' 
etc.  The  governing  body  is  no  longer  called  '  the  twenty-four,' 
or  '  the  forewardmen,'  but  simply  the  '  probi  homines,'  or  the 
'  approved  men.'  Their  number  varies  from  five  to  eighteen, 
never  exceeding  twelve  in  the  seventeenth  century.  After  Decem- 
ber 10,  1598  (41  Eliz.),  a  subordinate  council  of  from  six  to 
twelve  burgesses  ('  burgenses ')  appears.  The  officers  elected  at 
the  meetings  after  41  Elizabeth  are  one  bailiff,  two  justices  and  two 
constables 2.  A  sub-steward  is  occasionally  mentioned.  Besides 
the  election  of  officers,  the  transactions  relate  mainly  to  the  renting 
and  supervision  of  the  property  of  the  corporation.  Orders  con- 
cerning the  regulation  of  trade  are  almost  wholly  wanting 3. 

The  following  are  the  only  passages  in  which  the  'Gild  Merchant ' 
is  mentioned : — 

'  Item,  that  John  Peterson  the  younger  shalbe  free  of  the  Guylde  A.D.  1556. 
of  Marchants  of  the  said  Towne,  paying  therfore  to  th'use  of  the 
Chamber  v.s.' 

'  Item,  it  is  agreed  that  John  Harbord  shalbe  admitted  into  the  fol.  6. 
ffelowshipp  of  the  guylde  of  marchants  of  the  said  towne,  and 
doth  geve  for  a  fyne  iiii.s.' 

'  Johannes  West,  Will.  Hussey  et  Rob.  Walker  electi  sunt  in  A.D.  1562. 

. .  fol.  16. 

societatem  guilde  marcatone,  et  mrati. 

1  A  paper  volume  (12  by  8  inches),  bound  in  leather,  containing  357  pages 
(182  leaves). 

2  The  changes  that  appear  in  41  Eliz.  were  probably  due  to  the  grant  of  a 
new  charter.     Under  date  of  Sept.  IT,  40  Eliz.  we  r«ad  :  '  This  year  the  21  of 
May  wase  the   chartar  and  lybarties  of   this  towne  newly  conffermed  and 
granted,  41  Elizabethe'  (fol.  103). 

3  On  fol.  24  (8  Eliz.),  there  is  an  order  forbidding  fish-mongers  to  hold  their 
market  in  any  place  except  where  '  of  olde  tyme '  they  were  accustomed  to 
stand. 


348 

AN  DOVER.         'Johannes  Hanson  et  Thomas  Roffe  elect!  sunt  in  societatem 

guilde  marcatorie.' 

A.D.  1563.      '  Petrus  Hopkyns  electus  est  in  societatem  gilde  marcatorie,  et 
foL  l8'         iuratus.' 
A.D.  1565.      « Arthurus  Bolde  electus  est  in  gildam  marcatoriam,  et  iuratus.' 

fol.  22. 

A.D.  1566.      '  Item,  at  this  morowspeache  yt  is  agreed  that  Nicholas  Peckat 
fol.  24.         shalbe  admitted  into  the  ffellowshippe  into  the  guylde  of  marchants 

of  the  sayed  Towne,  and  doth  geve  for  a  ffyne  vi.  s.  viii.  d? 
A.D.  1567.      '  Thomas  Morell  electus  est  in  guildam  marcatoriam,  et  Juratus. 

— Edwardus  Thurman  electus  est  in  guildam   marcatoriam,  et 

Juratus.' 
A.D.  1568.      '  Johannes   Knight    electus    est    in    gildam    marcatoriam,    et 

Juratus.' 

A.D.  1570.      <  Ad  hunc  Maneloquium   Nicholaus  Venables  iuratus  est   in 
fol.  30.  , 

gildam  marcatoriam. 

Almost  all  of  those  thus  admitted  to  the  Gild  appear,  after  their 
election,  in  the  lists  of  approved  men. 

In  the  seventeenth  century  there  are  many  entries  similar  to  the 
following : — 

A.D.  1585.  «  Ad  hoc  maneloquium,  per  consensum  Balliuorum  et  Proborum 
Hominum,  Johannes  Smythe  et  Joh.  Pyle  electi  sunt  in  numerum 
et  societatem  proborum  hominum  de  Andever,  et  iurati  sunt  per 
Senescallum  V 

A.D.  1603.      'Willielmus  Smyth  generosus  electus  est  in  numero  proborum 
fol.  112.      i       .  ,  T 

hominum,  et  Juratus. 

Will.  Blake  et  Thomas  Stamford  electi  sunt  in  numero  Burgen- 
sium,  et  predictus  Thomas  Stamford  Juratus  est  V 

A.D.  1617.      '  Edwardus  Thurman  et  Radulphus  South  electi  sunt  Burgenses.' 
foL  135.          Qn  fol>  jjjj  js  tm-s  passage . — 

A.D.  1625.  '  It  is  agreed  by  the  Common  Councell  there  that  the  style  and 
orders  made  for  the  goverment  of  the  thre  Companies  of  this 
Towne  shalbe  pervsed  and  made  accordinge  to  our  nowe  Charter, 

1  This  is  the  earliest  example  in  this  volume  of  such  admissions  to  the 
number  of  the  approved  men.  The  latter  frequently  call  themselves'  the 
'  Company,'  or  the  '  ffellowshipp  and  Companie.' 

3  This  is  the  earliest  of  such  admissions  to  the  number  of  the  Burgesses. 


@>iipplementatp  proofs  ant)  Illustrations.  349 


whereby  the  penalties,  fynes  and  amerciaments  therein  set  may  be 
levied  for  the  better  order  and  goverment  of  the  said  companies.' 


AN  DOVER. 


The  minutes  of  the  Haberdashers'  Company  from  March  12, 
1715  to  March  17,  1807,  are  still  in  existence1.  Most  of  the 
entries  refer  to  the  election  of  officers,  the  admission  of  new 
members  and  the  accounts  of  the  chamberlains  of  the  Company. 
After  the  names  of  the  officers  in  1715  and  the  freeman's  oath  we 
find  the  following  : — 

'  The  Particular  Trades  fixed  by  the  Old  Orders  to  every  of  ye 
3  Companys. 
To  the  Leathermens  To  the  Haberdashers  To  the  Drapers 


All  Tanners 
Sadlers 
Glovers 

White  Drawers 
Pewterers 
Braziers 
Shoemakers 
Curryers 
Collar-makers 
Butchers 
Chandlers 
Dyers  and 
Upholders. 

To  be  added  : 
Apothecarys 
Malsters 
Mealmen 
Corn  Chandlers 
Gardeners 
Stone  Cutters  and 
Bodys-makers. 


All  Milliners 

Mercers 

Grocers 

Innholders 

Vintners 

Bakers 

Brewers 

Smiths 

Cappers 

Hattmakers 

Butlers 

Barbers 

Painters  and 

Glaziers. 
To  be  added  : 
Surgeons 
Wheelwrights 
Cutlers 

Combe-makers 
Pipe-makers 
Plumbers  and 
Ironmongers. 


All  Drapers 
Clothiers 
Cloth-makers 
Goldsmiths 
Fullers 
Weavers 
Taylors 
Hosiers 
Fishmongers 
Fletchers 
Joiners 

Carpenters  and 
Coopers. 

To  be  added  : 
Millers 
Millwrights 
Masons,  Bricklayers 
Basket-makers 
Brick-burners 
Hott-pressers  and 
Salesmen.' 


1  A  paper  volume  (i2|  by  8|  inches)  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Frank  Shaw 
of  Andover.     It  contains  about  200  pages,  the  last  34  being  blank. 


350  Cfce  <$ilti  ggjerdbant* 

ANDOVER.         The  following  was  enacted  on  October  23,  1733  : — 

*  It  is  agreed  by  this  Society  this  day  met  that  the  Chamber- 
layns  of  this  Company  Doe  forthwith  pay  to  the  Master-Warden 
thereof  the  Sum  of  Seventeen  pounds,  part  of  the  Stock  in  hand 
of  this  Company,  to  advise  with  Councel  and  for  other  purposes 
towards  trying  the  right  of  Electing  a  Bayliff  for  the  Borough  of 
Andover  aforesaid,  And  also  the  right  of  chusing  Two  Burgesses 
To  represent  the  said  Borough  in  the  next  Parliament,  it  being 
presumed  that  the  ffreemen  of  the  Company  have  Votes  for  such 
Bayliff  and  Burgesses.' 

There  are  many  entries  similar  to  the  subjoined  : — 

Nov.  3,  1760.  'Mr.  Jere  Bunny,  Grocer  and  Haberdasher,  having  been  fre- 
quently warned  to  take  up  his  Freedom  in  this  Company,  to 
which  he  properly  belongs,  and  having  refused  so  to  do,  and  he 
continuing  to  keep  his  Shop  open  and  Exercise  his  trade  in  Con- 
tempt of  the  Ancient  Orders  of  this  Fraternity,  without  having 
Compounded  for  his  freedom,  it  is  Unanimously  ordered  that  the 
proper  Officers  do  imediately  Levy  upon  the  said  Jere  Bunny's 
Goods  and  Chatties  the  Sum  of  Forty  Shillings,  being  the  Fine 
mentioned  in  the  said  Orders  for  that  purpose  for  the  Use  of  this 
Company,  and  that  the  said  Officers  be  Indemnified  by  the 
Company  for  so  doing.' 

The  following  is  the  last  entry  in  the  Haberdashers' 
Book  :- 

Company  of  '  At  a  Meeting  of  the  said  Company,  held  at  the  Guildhall  in 
:rs'  Andover  on  Monday  the  seventeenth  day  of  March,  1807  ... 
Several  Persons  who  have  come  to  set  up  their  Trades  in  the 
Town,  having  been  summoned  to  take  up  their  freedom  in  this 
Company,  into  which  in  respect  of  such  Trades  they  are  properly 
admissible,  and  such  persons  having  contemptuously  neglected 
and  refused  to  appear  to  take  up  their  freedoms  therein,  and  the 
Members  of  the  said  Company  present  at  this  Meeting,  thinking 
it  proper  to  vindicate  and  support  the  rights  of  the  Company, 
deem  it  advisable  in  the  first  instance  to  take  the  opinion  of 
some  Counsel  on  the  validity  of  their  ancient  Orders,  and  their 
institution  under  them  as  at  present  existing,  and  how  far  they 


Supplementary  Proofs  anu  3[llustrations,  351 

have  a  power  to  compel  the  admission  of  Persons  refusing  to      AN  DOVER. 
become  free  of  the  Company. 

It  is  ordered  that  the  Register  prepare  as  full  a  case  upon  the 
point  as  he  shall  judge  necessary,  and  take  the  opinion  of  Mr. 
Burrough,  or  any  other  Counsel  he  may  choose,  thereon,  the 
expence  of  preparing  which  as  well  as  the  fee  of  the  Counsel  to 
be  paid  him  by  the  Chamberlains  out  of  the  fund  in  their  hands. 

And  the  Members  present  who  make  this  order  are  [14 
names].' 

Perhaps  this  was  the  death-gasp  of  the  Company.  At  all 
events  it  must  have  ceased  to  exist  within  a  few  years  after- 
wards, which  is  likewise  true  of  the  other  Companies  of  Andover. 

BATH. 

'  Rex  Archiepiscopis,  Episcopis,  etc.  salutem.  Inspeximus 
Cartam  quam  Ricardus  Rex,  Aduunculus  noster,  fecit  Ciuibus 
nostris  Bathon'  in  hec  verba  :  Ricardus  dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie,  etc. 
Justiciariis,  Vicecomitibus,  Baronibus,  etc.  et  omnibus  fidelibus  suis 
tocius  Anglie  et  portuum  maris  salutem.  Precipimus  quod  Ciues  de 
Bathon'  qui  sunt  de  Gilda  eorum  mercatoria  habeant  in  omnibus 
eandem  quietacionem  et  libertatem  de  omnibus  mercatis  suis, 
quocumque  venerint  per  terram  uel  aquam,  de  Theloneo,  de 
passagio,  de  lestagio  et  de  omnibus  aliis  consuetudinibus  et  occasi- 
onibus  et  rebus  quam  pleniu's  et  liberius  habent  ciues  nostri 
Winton'  de  Gilda  eorum  mercatoria.  Et  prohibemus  ne  super 
hoc  aliquis  eos  disturbet  uel  infestet  ipsos  uel  Res  ipsorum  super 
decem  librarum  forisfacturam.  Testibus,  Hugone  Dunelm'  et 
Hugone  Cestr'  et  Huberto  Sar',  Episcopis,  Willielmo  Marescallo, 
Johanne  fratre  suo,  Galfrido  filio  Petri.  Datum  apud  Douram  per 
manum  Willielmi  Elien'  Electi,  Cancellarii  nostri,  vii°.  die  Decem-  A.D.  1189. 
bris  regni  nostri  anno  primo.  Nos  igitur  ....  [The  above  con- 
firmed] vicesimo  tercio  die  Decembris  anno  regni  nostri  tricesimo  A.D.  1246. 
primo.' — (Record  Office,  Charter  Roll  31  Hen.  Ill,  mem.  I2.)1 

1  Cf.  Warner,  Bath,  App.  p,  18;  King  and  Watts,  Munic.  Records  of  Bath, 
App.  p.  xxviii. 


352  Cfce  ®iln  agercfwnt 

BOSTON.  BOSTON. 

A.D.  1545.      The  following  is  taken  from  a  patent  of  37  Henry  VIII,  which 
was  confirmed  by  Edward  VI,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth  : — 

*  Concessimus  vlterius  ac  per  presentes  concedimus  quod  nullus 
habeat,  gaudeat  siue  vtatur  libertates  eiusdem  Burgi,  nisi  sit 
inhabitans  aut  residens  infra  limites  predict!  Burgi,  et  quod  de 
tempore  in  tempus  soluet  scott,  lott,  taxas  et  omnimoda  et  sin- 
gula  alia  onera,  vt  ceteri  burgenses  dicti  Burgi  facient  et  tenen- 
tur  facere,  nisi  sit  licenciatus  pro  causis  et  consideracionibus 
racionabilibus  ....  nullus  extraneus  neque  forinsecus  a  libertate 
Burgi  predicti  exnunc  decetero  vendat  seu  emat  ab  aliquo  ex- 
traneo  vel  forinseco  a  libertate  Burgi  illius  infra  Burgum  ilium 
aliquas  mercandisas,  mercimonia  seu  aliquas  alias  res  quascum- 
que  in  grosso  preter  victualia,  nisi  solummodo  tempore  feriarum 
infra  Burgum  predictum  imposterum  tenendarum,  sub  pena  et 
forisfactura  earundem  mercandisarum  et  rerum  predictarum  con- 
tra formam  predictam  emptarum  seu  venditarum,  aut  emendarum 
vel  vendendarum,  ad  vsum  Maioris  et  Burgensium  Burgi  predicti 
et  successorum  suorum  ....  Concessimus  eciam  et  per  presentes 
concedimus  prefatis  Maiori,  Burgensibus  et  successoribus  suis 
quod  omnes  et  singuli  Burgenses  Burgi  predicti,  cuiuscumque 
condicionis  existentes,  de  omnibus  nauibus  aut  ciuibus1  tam 
forinsecis  quam  intr[i]nsis,  portum  dicti  Burgi  ingredientibus, 
quibuscumque  mercandisis  venalibus  oneratis,  possint  liberi  emere 
quod  eis  necesse  fuerit.  Et  si  quis  dictas  mercandisas  emat  in 
grosso  de  mercatoribus  predictis,  volumus  ac  per  presentes  con- 
cedimus prefatis  Maiori,  Burgensibus  et  successoribus  suis  quod 
quilibet  Burgensis  Burgi  predicti,  si  voluerit,  habeat  de  emptore 
illo  partem  mercandisarum  illarum  sic  in  grosso  emptarum2, 
prout  sibi  necesse  fuerit  pro  sustentacione  sua  et  familie  sue,  ad 
idem  precium  pro  quo  dictus  emptor  de  dictis  mercatoribus 
dictas  mercandisas  prius  emerit,  soluendo  et  satisfaciendo  dicto 
emptori  precium  partis  sue3  quam  emerit  infra  Bordam  nauis. 
Et  quod  per  prefatos  mercatores  nihil  vendatur  de  mercandisis 
1  ?<vasibus.'  2  MS.  <  empto.'  3  MS.  <sui.' 


Supplementary  Proofs  anu  Slllustrations,  353 

illis  antequam  plancum  Burgi  predict!  ad  nauem  apponatur,'  etc.  BOSTON. 
— (Record  Office,  Confirmation  Roll  3  Eliz.,  No.  3.) 


BEIDGWATEB. 

'  Rex  Omnibus  ad  quos,  etc.  salutem.     Licet,  etc.  de  gracia  De  licencia 


tamen  nostra  speciali  et  pro  viginti  libris  nobis  solutis  in  hanaperio 


mor. 


nostro  concessimus  et  licenciam  dedimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  tuam. 
nostris,  quantum  in  nobis  est,  Johanni  Sydenham  et  Waltero 
Holymore,  Senescallis  gilde  mercatorie  de  Bruggewater,  et  Com- 
munitati  eiusdem  ville  quod  ipsi  decem  mesuagia,  quinque  acras 
terre,  tres  acras  prati  et  quadraginta  solidatas  redditus  cum  per- 
tinenciis  in  Bruggewater,  que  de  nobis  non  tenentur,  dare  possint 
et  assignare  cuidam  Capellano  diuina  in  ecclesia  beate  Marie 
de  Bruggewater  singulis  diebus  celebraturo  imperpetuum,  ha- 
benda  et  tenenda  sibi  et  successoribus  suis  in  auxilium  susten- 
tacionis  sue  imperpetuum.  Et  eidem  Capellano  quod  ipse 
mesuagia,  terram,  pratum  et  redditum  predicta  cum  pertinenciis 
a  prefatis  Johanne  et  Waltero  recipere  possit  et  tenere  sibi  et 
successoribus  suis  predictis  imperpetuum,  sicut  predictum  est, 
tenore  presencium  similiter  licenciam  dedimus  specialem,  Statute 
predicto  non  obstante,  Nolentes  quod  prefati  Johannes  et  Wal- 
terus  vel  heredes  sui,  aut  predictus  Capellanus  seu  successores 
sui  racione  premissorum  per  nos  vel  heredes  nostros  seu  minis- 
tros  nostros,  etc.,  vt  supra.  Teste  Rege  apud  Oxoniam  xxviii.  die  A.D.  1392. 
Septembris.'  —  (Record  Office^  Patent  Roll  16  Rich.  II,  pars  2, 
mem.  30.) 

BBISTOL. 

In  46  Edward  III  a  dispute  arose  between  the  king  and  the  A.D.  1372. 
burgesses  of  Bristol,  the  former  claiming  that  the  collector,  William 
de  Somerwell,  should  account  to  him  for  fines  of  bakers,  fines  for 
enjoying  the  freedom  of  the  town,  and  various  other  monies  levied 
in  Bristol.  The  document  is  headed  thus  :  '  Inter  recorda  de 
termino  Sancti  Michaelis  anno  xlviK  Regis  Edwardi  tertii  post 

A  a 


354  €&e  ®i!D  sgjercfmnt, 

BRISTOL.  Conquestum,   Rotulo  ix°.'     The  following  extract  is  of  special 
interest : — 

'  Set  iidem  Maior  et  Balliui  venerunt  per  Walterum  Knolles 
attornatum  suum.     Et  quoad  proficua  de  finibus  factis  pro  liber- 
tate   habenda   infra   villam    Bristoll',  predict!    Maior   et   Balliui 
dicunt  quod  villa  Bristoll'  est  vetus  Burgus,  et  in  eodem  Burgo 
Maior,  Balliui  et  Communitas   extiterunt   a   tempore   quo   non 
extat   memoria,  in  quo   quidem  Burgo   iidem  Maior  et  Balliui 
et  Communitas  et  eorum  antecessores  et   predecessores  habue- 
De  gilda  mer-  runt  liberam  gildam  mercatoriam  in  eadem  villa   et   suburbiis 
catena.  ejusdem  ville  et  omnia  que  ad  gildam  mercatoriam  pertinent, 

videlicet,  ad  emendum  et  vendendum  in  eadem  villa  libere  et 
quiete  de  custumis  et  theoloneo,  et  alias  diuersas  libertates  haben- 
dum,  prout  ad  gildam  mercatoriam  pertinent ;  virtute  eiusdem 
gilde  et  libertatis  iidem  Maior  et  Balliui  et  eorum  predecessores 
a  toto  tempore  vsi  fuerunt  capere  quandam  prestacionem,  ad 
vsus  suos  proprios,  de  omnibus  qui  in  libertatem  et  societatem 
gilde  predicte  admissi  fuerunt,  pro  libertate  gilde  predicte  habenda, 
secundum  quod  inter  eos  racionabiliter  concordari  potuerit.  Et 
dicunt  quod  dominus  Johannes,  quondam  Comes  Moryton'  et 
postea  Rex  Anglie,  tempore  quo  ipse  fuit  Comes  Moryton'  et 
dominus  ville  predicte,  inter  alias  libertates,  concessit  Burgensibus 
ville  Bristoll'  quod  haberent  omnes  racionabiles  gildas  suas,  sicut 
eas  melius  habuerunt  tempore  Roberti  et  Willielmi,  filiorum 
suorum,  nuper  Comitum  Glouc'.  Et  preterea  Henricus  Rex 
A.D.  1256.  proauus  domini  Regis  nunc  per  cartam  suam,  datam  vicesimo 
quarto  die  Julii  anno  regni  domini  xl°.,  concessit  eisdem  Bur- 
gensibus quod  haberent  et  tenerent  per  totam  terram  et  potes- 
tatem  eiusdem  Regis  omnes  libertates  et  liberas  consuetudines 
suas  hucusque  optentas  et  vsitatas,  adeo  quiete  et  integre  sicut 
Ciues  London'  vel  alii  de  regno  et  potestate  eiusdem  Regis  liber- 
tates suas  melius  et  liberius  habuerunt  et  tenuerunt,  quam  qui- 
dem libertatem  Maior  et  Ciues  London'  de  huiusmodi  gilda  et 
prestacionibus  pro  libertate  huiusfmodi]  habenda  vsi  sunt  et 
gauisi  a  tempore  quo  non  extat  memoria.  Quas  quidem  cartas, 
gildam  et  libertates  predictas  dominus  Rex  nunc  per  cartam  suam, 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  illustrations,   355 

datam  xvi°.  die  Octobris  anno  regni  sui  quinto,  quam  hie  Curie  BRISTOL. 

ostendunt,  ratificauit  et  confirmauit :  et  vlterius  concessit  quod, 

'  A.D,  1331. 
licet  ipsi  et  eorum  antecessores  et  predecessores  aliqua  vel  aliqui- 

bus  libertatum  et  quietanciarum  in  dictis  cartis  et  aliis  conten- 
tarum  aliquo  casu  emergente  hactenus  vsi  non  fuerunt,  iidem 
tamen  Burgenses  et  eorum  heredes  et  successores  libertatibus  et 
quietanciis  predictis  et  earum  qualibet  decetero  plene  gaudeant 
et  vtantur  sine  occasione  vel  impedimento  domini  Regis  nunc, 
heredum  suorum  vel  aliorum  ministrorum  suorum  quorumcum- 
que.  Et  sic  dicunt  quod  ipsi  per  diuersas  vices  virtute  et  autoritate 
libertatum  suarum  predictarum,  per  predictas  cartas  confirma- 
tarum,  ceperunt  proficua  in  forma  predicta.  Et  non  intendunt 
quod  dominus  Rex  eos  inde  impedire1  velyt.' — (Bristol  Council- 
House,  Great  Red  Book,  ff.  34-35.) 2 

The  patent  of  6  Edward  VI  incorporating  the  Merchant  Ad-  A.D.  1552. 
venturers  of  Bristol,  is,  with  the  exception  of  a  very  few  words, 
identical  with  grants  of  Queen  Mary  and  Queen  Elizabeth  to  the 
Merchant  Adventurers  of  Chester 3. — (Record  Office,  Confirmation 
Roll  8  Eliz.,  No.  6.) 

BUILTH. 

'Edwardus  dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie,  dominus  Hibernie  et  dux 
Aquitanie,  Archiepiscopis,  Episcopis,  Abbatibus,  Prioribus,  Co- 
mitibus,  Baronibus,  Justiciariis,  Vicecomitibus,  Prepositis,  Minis- 
tris  et  omnibus  Balliuis  et  fidelibus  suis,  salutem.  Sciatis  nos 
concessisse  et  hac  Carta  nostra  confirmasse  Burgensibus  nostris 
de  Buelt  in  Wallia  omnes  libertates  subscriptas,  videlicet,  quod 
habeant  Gildam  mercatoriam  cum  hansa  et  aliis  consuetudinibus 
et  libertatibus  ad  Gildam  illam  pertinentibus,  et  quod  nullus  qui 
non  sit  de  gilda  ilia  mercandisam  aliquam  faciat  in  Burgo  pre- 
dicto  vel  in  suburbio  eiusdem  nisi  de  voluntate  eorundem  Bur- 
gensium.  Concessimus  eciam  eisdem  Burgensibus  et  eorum 

1  MS.  '  impetire.' 

2  See   Hunt,  Bristol,  53-58,  63,  95,  96,  134,  139,  168,  197  and  209,  for 
some  comments  on  the  Gild  Merchant  and  Merchant  Adventurers  of  Bristol. 

3  See  below,  p.  360. 

A  a  2 


356  Cfce  ®tin  egjercfmnt, 

fi(///.77/.  heredibus  quod  si  aliquis  natiuus  in  prefato  Burgo  manserit,  et 
terram  in  eo  temierit,  et  fuerit  in  prefata  Gilda  et  hansa,  et  loth 
et  scoth  cum  eisdem  Burgensibus  per  vnum  annum  et  vnum  diem 
sine  calumpnia,  deinceps  non  possit  repeti  a  domino  suo,  set  in 
eodem  Burgo  liber  permaneat.  Preterea  concessimus  prefatis 
Burgensibus  nostris  de  Buelt  et  heredibus  eorum  quod  habeant 
soch  et  sach,  thol  et  theam,  et  Infongenthef ;  et  quod  quieti  sint 
per  totam  terram  nostram  de  theoloneo,  lestagio,  passagio,  pon- 
tagio,  stallagio  et  de  leue  et  danegeldis  et  Gaywyte  et  omnibus 
aliis  consuetudinibus  et  exaccionibus  per  totam  potestatem  nos- 
tram tarn  in  Wallia  quam  in  omnibus  aliis  terris  nostris,  sicut  villa 
nostra  de  Hereford  predictis  libertatibus  et  quietanciis  hactenus 
vsa  [est]  et  gauisa.  Quare  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus  quod 
prefati  Burgenses  nostri  de  Buelt  et  heredes  eorum  habeant  gildam 
mercatoriam  cum  hansa  et  aliis  libertatibus  et  consuetudinibus  ad 
Gildam  illam  pertinentibus.  Et  quod  habeant  omnes  libertates 
et  quietancias  predictas  imperpetuum  bene  et  in  pace,  libere  et 
quiete,  honorifice,  plenarie  et  integre,  sicut  predictum  est,  et 
sicut  villa  nostra  Hereford  predictis  libertatibus  et  quietanciis 
hactenus  vsa  est  et  gauisa.  Hiis  testibus,  venerabilibus  Prioribus 
Godfrido  Wigorn',  Thoma  Hereforden',  Willielmo  Norwicen', 
Episcopis,  fratre  nostro  Willielmo  de  Valencia,  Rogero  de  Mortuo 
Mare,  Rogero  de  Clifford',  Hugone  filio  Otonis,  Waltero  de  Hel- 
A.D.  1278.  youn  et  aliis.  Data  per  manum  nostram  apud  Westmonasterium 
quarto  die  Nouembris  anno  regni  nostri  sexto.' 

The  above  was  inspected  and  confirmed  by  letters  patent  of 
4  Edward  IV,  33  Henry  VIII  and  20  Elizabeth. — (Record  Office^ 
Confirmation  Roll  19-23  Eliz.,  mem.  n.)  * 

CAERWYS. 

'Edwardus  dei  gracia  Rex  Anglic,  dominus  Hibernie  et  Dux 
Aquitanie  Archiepiscopis,  Episcopis,  Abbatibus,  Prioribus,  Comi- 
tibus,  Baronibus,  Justiciariis,  Vicecomitibus,  prepositis,  Ministris 
et  omnibus  Balliuis  et  fidelibus  suis  salutem.  Sciatis  nos  con- 

1  Cf.  Archaeologia  Cambrensis,  1878-1879,  ix.  95,  x.  p.  xxxvi. 


Supplementary  Proofs  anD  3[Ilitstration&  357 

cessisse  et  hac  present!  carta  nostra  confirmasse  hominibus  ville  CAERWYS. 
nostre  de  Cayrus  in  Wallia  quod  villa  ilia  decetero  liber  Burgus 
sit,  et  quod  homines  eundem  Burgum  inhabitantes   liberi   sint 
Burgenses,  et  quod  habeant  gildam  mercatoriam  cum  hansa  et 
omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus  ad  liberum  Burgum 
pertinentibus,  quales  videlicet  habent  liberi  Burgenses  nostri  de 
Aberconewey  et  Rothelan  in  Burgis  suis,  vel  alii  Burgenses  nostri 
in  Wallia.     Quare  volumus  ....  Data  per  manum  nostram  apud  A.D.  1200. 
Kyngesclipston'  vicesimo  quinto  die  Octobris  anno  regni  nostri 
decimo  octauo.' 

The  above  was  confirmed  by  Edward  the  Black  Prince 
(30  Edward  III)  and  by  charters  of  2  Richard  II  and  9  Henry 
IV. — (Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  ^  Hen.  IV,  pars  2,  mem.  5.) 

CAMBBIDGE. 

'  Johannes  Dei  gratia  Rex  Anglie,  etc.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse 
et  presenti  carta  nostra  confirmasse  burgensibus  nostris  de  Cante- 
bruge  gildam  mercatoriam,  et  quod  nullus  eorum  placitet  extra 
muros  burgi  de  Cantebruge  de  ullo  placito  preter  placita  de  tenu- 
ris  exterioribus,  exceptis  monetariis  et  ministris  nostris.  Conces- 
simus  etiam  eis  quod  nullus  eorum  faciat  duellum,  et  quod  de 
placitis  ad  coronam  nostram  pertinentibus  se  possint  disrationare 
secundum  antiquam  consuetudinem  burgi.  Hoc  etiam  eis  con- 
cessimus  quod  omnes  burgenses  de  Cantebruge  de  gilda  merca- 
torum  sint  quieti  de  theoloneo  et  passagio  et  lestagio  et  pontagio 
et  stallagio  in  feria  et  extra,  et  per  portus  maris  Anglie  et  omnium 
terrarum  nostrarum  citra  mare  et  ultra  mare,  salvis  in  omnibus 
libertatibus  civitatis  London' ;  et  quod  nullus  de  misericordia 
pecunie  judicetur  nisi  secundum  antiquam  legem  burgi,  quam 
habuerunt  temporibus  antecessorum  nostrorum;  et  quod  terras 
suas  et  tenuras  et  vadimonia  et  debita  omnia  juste  habeant,  qui- 
cumque  ea  debeat ;  et  de  terris  suis  et  tenuris  que  infra  burgum 
sunt,  rectum  eis  teneatur  secundum  consuetudinem  burgi :  et  de 
omnibus  debitis  suis  que  accomodata  fuerint  apud  Cantebruge  et 
de  vadiis  ibidem  factis  placita  apud  Cantebruge  teneantur ;  et  si 


358  Cf)e 

CAMBRIDGE,  quis  in  tota  terra  nostra  theloneum  vel  consuetudines  ab  homini- 
bus  de  Cantebruge  de  gilda  mercatorum  ceperit,  postquam  ipse  a 
recto  defecerit,  vicecomes  de  Cantebruge  vel  prepositus  de  Cante- 
bruge namium  inde  apud  Cantebruge  capiat,  salvis  in  omnibus 
libertatibus  civitatis  London'.  Insuper  etiam  ad  emendationem 
burgi  de  Cantebruge  concessimus  eis  feriam  suam  in  septimana 
Rogationum  cum  libertatibus  suis,  sicut  ea  habere  consueverunt ; 
et  quod  omnes  burgenses  de  Cantebruge  sint  quieti  de  jherescheve 
et  de  scothale,  si  vicecomes  noster  vel  aliquis  alius  ballivus  scota- 
liam  faciat  ....  Datum  per  manum  nostram  apud  Geytinton'  viii. 
A.D.  1201.  die  Januaris  anno  regni  nostri  secundo.' — (Rotuli  Chartarum, 

83.) 

The  above  was  confirmed  by  a  grant  of  Henry  III  in  1227. — 
(Cooper,  Cambridge,  i.  40.) 

CAKDIFF. 

A.D.  1341.          In  15  Edward  III  Hugh  le  Despenser  granted  a  charter  to  the 
burgesses  of  Cardiff,  from  which  we  extract  the  following  : — 

'  Et  quod  nullus  Extraneus  extra  nundinas  vel  forum  infra 
bundas  predictas  aliquas  mercandisas  de  aliquo  extraneo  emat, 
nisi  tantum  de  Burgensibus  nostris  eiusdem  ville,  preter  gentiles 
homines  Glamorgancie  pro  victualibus  eorum,  et  non  racione 
mercandise ;  nee  aliquis  teneat  celdam  apertam  de  aliquibus  mer- 
candisis  nee  tabernam,  nee  corffe  faciet  in  villa  nostra  predicta, 
nisi  fuerit  cum  predictis  Burgensibus  nostris  lotans  et  scotans  et 
infra  guldam  libertatis  eorum  receptus.  Necnon  concessimus 
eisdem  Burgensibus  nostris  quod  ipsi  et  heredes  sui  guldam  inter 
eos  facere  possent  quo  tempore  et  quandocumque  voluerint  ad 
proficuum  ipsorum.  .  .  .  Insuper  concessimus  prefatis  Burgensibus 
nostris  quod  omnes  mercatores,  tarn  pannarii,  cerdones,  pelliparii, 
cirotecarii  quam  alii  diuersi  qui  ex  vendicione  et  empcione  viuant 
infra  dominium  nostrum  Glamorgancie  et  Morgancie,  residere  de- 
beant  in  villis  de  Burgh  et  non  vpland,  et  quod  omnimodas  mer- 
candisas faciant  in  Nundinis,  fforis  et  in  villis  de  Burgh,  et  non 
alibi.  Et  etiam  quod  omnes  mercatores  cum  eorum  mercandisis 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  3[llustratiott&  359 

alibi  non  transeant  quam  per  regales  vices  per  villas  de  Burgh ;  CARDIFF. 
Ita  quod  nos  nee  heredes  nostri  tolnetum  nostrum  nee  alias  cus- 
tumas  nobis  debitas  aliquo  tempore  amittamus.' 

This  charter  was  confirmed  by  Edward,  Thomas  and  Isabella 
le  Despenser,  Edward  and  Richard  Neville,  and  Queen  Elizabeth. 
—(Record  Office,  Confirmation  Roll  19-23  Eliz.,  mem.  20.) 


CARDIGAN. 

'  Rex  omnibus,  etc.  salutem.     Sciatis  quod  concessimus  homi-  Pro  hominibus 

A      /*"*       A ' 

nibus  nostris  de  Kardigan  quod  in  villa  sua  de  Kardigan  sit 
Gilda  Mercatorum,  sicut  in  villa  nostra  de  Bristol!'  \  et  quod  a 
festo  omnium  Sanctorum  anno,  etc.  xxxiii0.  in  tres  annos  sequentes 
possint  homines  nostri  predicti  capere  in  villa  sua  de  Kardigan  de 
quolibet  dolio  vini  vnum  denarium,  et  de  quolibet  lesto  allecium 
quatuor  denarios,  et  de  quolibet  sacco  lane  duos  denarios,  et  de 
qualibet  carecta  mercimoniis  onerata  vnum  denarium,  de  quolibet 
summagio  vnum  obulum,  de  quolibet  boue  et  qualibet  vacca 
uenditis  vnum  obolum,  de  quolibet  equo  vendito  vnum  denarium, 
et  de  quolibet  dolio  mellis  vnum  denarium,  ad  firmandum  inde  A.D.  1249. 
villam  suam  de  Kardigan.  In  cuius,  etc.  Teste,  ut  supra1.' — 
(Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  33  Hen.  Ill,  mem.  i.) 


CARLISLE. 

'  Seven  of  the  (eight)  guilds  are  guilds  of  manual  craftsmen ; 
the  eighth,  the  merchants'  guild, — quite  distinct  from  the  free 
merchant  guild  or  guild  mercatory,  which  became  the  town  coun- 
cil— included  the  shopkeepers,  some  grocers  and  seedsmen,  others 
drapers,  haberdashers,  apothecaries,  etc.'  '  The  merchants  in- 
cluded mercers,  drapers,  grocers,  apothecaries,  etc.,  in  fact  all 
traders  in  Carlisle  who  were  not  actual  manual  workers.' — (Fer- 
guson and  Nans  on,  Municipal  Records  of  Carlisle,  28,  89.) 2 

1  I.  e.  '  Teste  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium  xxvi.  die  Octobris.' 

2  See  also  pp.  9,  10,  24,  27  of  the  same  work  for  some  references  to  the 
early  Gild  Merchant  of  Carlisle. 


360  €&e 

CARLISLE.  From  among  the  many  ordinances  of  the  Merchants'  Gild,  we 
extract  the  following  : — 

A.D.  1624.  c  None  fforyner  or  stranger  suffred  to  sell  anie  merchandyse  but 
in  tyme  of  our  faires.  None  to  ....  cottons  or  frise  under  coul- 
ler  for  Scottes  men.' — (Ibid.,  94.) 

A.D.  1656.  '  It  is  ordered  by  the  consent  of  the  company  of  marchants 
aforesaid  that  noe  brother  of  this  trade  shall  joyne  as  partner 
with  any  stranger  or  forraigner  in  the  trade  and  occupacon  of  a 
marchant,  either  within  the  cittie  or  libertyes  thereof.  Neither 
shall  any  brother  of  this  company  give  any  account  of  proffitt  or 
gaine  to  any  stranger  or  non-freeman  concerninge  their  trade, 
upon  penaltie  that  euery  brother  that  offends  herein  to  forfeit 
for  the  benefitt  of  the  trade  the  sume  of  ter>  pounds.' — (Ibid., 
102.) 

CHESTEK. 

Pro  Marca-  '  Regina  omnibus  ad  quos,  etc.  Sciatis  quod  ex  lamentabili 
tati^Cestrie"  msmuacione  Willielmi  Aldersey,  Ricardi  Poole  et  Ricardi  Massye, 
fidelium  ligeorum  et  subditorum  nostrorum  ac  Ciuium  Ciuitatis 
nostre  Cestrie,  ac  aliorum  mercatorum  periclitancium  Ciuitatis 
predicte,  vocatorum  merchaunt  vent[er]ers,  ponentium  se,  factores, 
seruientes,  bona  et  mercandizas  in  periculo  super  mare  ad  diuer- 
sas  partes  transmarinas  pro  mercandisis  extra  hoc  regnum  nostrum 
Anglie  educendis  ac  in  idem  regnum  inducendis,  accepimus  qua- 
liter  diuersi  artifices  et  homines  artis  manualis  in  eadem  Ciuitate 
nostra  Cestrie  inhabitantes  occupacionesque  victu  suo  querendo 
habentes,  qui  nunquam  fuerunt  apprenticii  aut  educati  ad  vel  in 
cursu  artis  mercatorum  predictorum  nee  aliquam  bonam  cogni- 
cionem  in  eadem  arte  habentes,  qui  vulgariter  exercitant,  vtuntur 
et  occupant  dictum  recursum  mercandise  ad  et  a  partibus  trans- 
marinis  vulgariter  in  nauibus  siue  vasis  extraneis,  per  quod  diuersa 
genera  commoditatum  huius  regni  nostri  Anglie  occulte  educuntur 
et  conuehuntur,  incontrarium  boni  ordinis  et  legum  nostrarum  et 
in  magnam  defraudacionem  custumarum  nostrarum,  taliter  se 
habentes  et  exercentes  in  et  secundum  tales  malos  mores  et  irrigu- 
latos  quales  fuerunt  et  existunt  in  magnum  scandalum  dictorum 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  3(llustratton& ,  361 

mercatorum  ac  decasum  nauium  et  marinariorum  ac  portus  Ciui-  CHESTER. 
tatis  predicte  et  precipue  dictorum  mercatorum  ad  et  in  dicto  re- 
cursu  marcandise  educatorum  magnamque  cognicionem  in  eodem 
recursu  habencium,  unde  nos  supplicauerunt  sibi  per  nos  de  re- 
medio  congruo  prouideri.  Nos  indempnitati  nostre  in  hac  parte 
ac  vtilitati  et  bono  ordini  predictorum  mercatorum  nostrorum 
dicte  Ciuitatis  nostre  Cestrie  imposterum  habendis  prospicere 
volentes,  vt  tenemur,  de  gracia  nostra  speciali  concessimus  et 
licenciam  dedimus,  ac  per  presentes  concedimus  et  licenciam 
damus,  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris,  quantum  in 
nobis  est,  prefatis  Waltero  Aldersey,  Ricardo  Poole  et  Ricardo 
Massye  et  aliis  mercatoribus  periclitantibus  vocatis  merchaunte 
venterers  dicte  Ciuitatis  nostre  Cestrie  et  successoribus  suis,  quod 
decetero  habeant  vnum  magistrum  artis  siue  mistere  de  merchaunt 
venterers  Ciuitatis  predicte.  Et  ipsum  Willielmum  Aldersey  pri- 
mum  et  modernum  magistrum  artis  siue  mistere  predicte  facimus, 
ordinamus  et  constituimus  per  presentes.  Et  quod  habeant  duos 
custodes  artis  siue  mistere  predicte.  Et  ipsos  Ricardum  Poole 
et  Ricardum  Massie  primes  et  modernos  custodes  artis  siue  mis- 
tere predicte  facimus,  ordinamus  et  constituimus  per  presentes ; 
ac  dictum  Willielmum  Aldersey  magistrum  artis  siue  mistere  pre- 
dicte, ac  prefatos  Ricardum  et  Ricardum  custodes  artis  siue  mis- 
tere predicte  nominamus,  assignamus,  decernimus  et  declaramus 
per  presentes.  Et  quod  tarn  predicti  Willielmus,  Ricardus  et 
Ricardus  quam  alii  liberi  homines  dicte  Ciuitatis  qui  non  sunt 
alicuius  artis  manualis,  qui  artem  siue  misteram  de  merchaunt 
venterers  vsi  fuerunt  per  spacium  septem  annorum  proximo  ante 
datam  presencium  preteritorum,  et  illi  qui  imposterum  de  tempore 
in  tempus  erunt  de  Ciuitate  predicta  liberi  homines  et  non  artem 
manualem  exercent,  et  qui  admissi  erunt  per  magistrum  et  gar- 
dianos  dicte  artis  mercatorum  venterers  pro  tempore  existentes 
ad  vtendum  misteram  de  merchaunte  venterers  predictam,  dece- 
tero sint  in  facto,  re  et  nomine  vnum  corpus  et  vna  communitas 
corporata  imperpetuum  per  nomen  magistri,  custodum  et  commu- 
nitatis  de  merchaunt  venterers  Ciuitatis  Cestrie.' 

They  are  also  granted  power  yearly  to  elect  a  master  and  two 


362  c&e  ®ilD  sgjercfrant 

CHESTER,  wardens  to  govern  the  said  mystery;  they  are  to  have  perpetual 
succession  and  a  common  seal ;  to  hold  lands,  tenements,  etc. ; 
to  plead  in  courts  of  law.  The  newly  appointed  master  and  war- 
dens are  to  take  their  oath  of  office  before  the  mayor  and  alder- 
men of  the  city.  But  hereafter  the  master  and  wardens  are  to 
take  the  oath  before  those  whom  they  are  superseding  in  office. 
The  Society  can  make  laws  and  ordinances  for  its  government, 
and  can  provide  for  their  due  execution  without  the  interference 
of  royal  officers  or  ministers,  provided  that  they  are  in  accordance 
with  the  royal  prerogative  and  the  laws  of  the  realm,  and  not  pre- 
judicial to  the  mayor  of  Chester.  No  craftsman  or  other  person 
of  the  city  is  to  resort  to  merchandise  in  foreign  parts,  unless  ad- 
mitted to  the  Society,  excepting  those  who  have  been  apprenticed 
to  the  said  mystery  or  have  used  it  seven  years,  under  penalty  of 
forfeiting  to  the  society  £20  for  each  offence.  This  grant  is  not 
to  prejudice  the  rights  of  the  crown,  the  laws  of  the  land,  the 
privileges  of  the  mayor  or  of  any  other  corporations,  nor  to  inter- 
fere with  the  franchises  of  the  governor,  assistants  and  Society  of 
Merchant  Adventurers  frequenting  Spain,  Holland,  Zeeland,  Bra- 

A.D.  1554.  bant  and  Flanders. — (Record  Office^  Patent  Roll  i  Mary,  pars  1 2, 
mem.  12.) 

The  same  charter  was  again  granted  to  the  Merchant  Adven- 

A.D.  1559.  turers  of  Chester  in  the  year  i  Elizabeth.  An  ancient  transcript 
of  Elizabeth's  grant  in  the  British  Museum  (MS.  Harley  2054,  ff. 
46-4  7)  is  headed  *  The  Marchaunts  Chartre,'  and  contains,  among 
other  marginal  notes,  the  words  '  mersers  to  be  free.' 

This  is  followed,  in  the  Harleian  MS.  (ff.  47-49)  by  a  charter 

A.D.  1584.  of  26  Elizabeth  to  '  ye  mere  marchantes,  ffree  Citizens  inhabytyng 
within  our  Citie  of  Chestre,  vsyng  onely  ye  feate  of  merchandizes 
by  ventrynge  by  Sea,  and  sale  in  grosse  and  not  by  retaylynge, 
and  now  beinge  members  of  ye  bodye  Corporate  of  ye  President, 
Assistants  and  fellowshipp  of  marchantes  of  Spayne  and  Portyn- 
gale,'  allowing  them  to  export  calf-skins  from  Chester  *. 

1  For  other  grants  to  this  Company  of  Merchant  Adventurers  of  Spain  and 
Portugal,  see  MS.  Harley  2104,  ff.  327-335  ;  cf.  also  ff.  299,  304. 


proofs  ana  3[llustrations,  363 


ClBENCESTEB.  CIRENCESTER. 

1  Henricus  [IV]  dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  ffrancie  et  dominus  Carta  liber- 
Hibernie  Archiepiscopis,  Episcopis,  Abbatibus,  Prioribus,  Duel-  hominibus 

bus.   Comitibus,   Baronibus,    Tusticiariis,    Vicecomitibus,    Prepo-  yj}le  de 

Cirencestna. 
sitis,  Ministris,  Balliuis  et  fidelibus  suis,  salutem.     Sciatis  quod 

nos  debita  consideracione  pensantes  sinceram  affeccionem  quam 
dilecti  ligei  nostri  homines  ville  de  Cirencestria  erga  personam 
nostram,  postquam  regni  gubernacula  suscepimus,  multipliciter 
ostenderunt,  et  volentes  premissorum  intuitu  prefatos  ligeos 
nostros  fauore  prosequi  gracioso,  de  gracia  nostra  speciali  con- 
cessimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris,  quantum  in  nobis  est, 
eisdem  hominibus  libertates  et  priuilegia  subscripta,  videlicet : — 
quod  ipsi,  heredes  et  successores  sui  habeant  imperpetuum  infra 
villam  predictam  vnam  gildam  mercatoriam  cum  omnibus  et 
singulis  libertatibus,  priuilegiis  et  consuetudinibus  ad  gildam 
mercatoriam  pertinentibus ;  et  quod  iidem  homines  et  heredes 
et  successores  sui  predicti  singulis  annis  in  Crastino  Epiphanie 
domini  in  certo  loco  infra  villam  predictam  per  eos  limitando 
conuenire,  et  ibidem  de  eorum  consensu  et  assensu  vnum  Magis- 
trum  ac  tot  et  tales  alios  gubernatores,  officiarios  et  ministros 
gilde  predicte  quot  et  quales  eis  pro  meliori  gubernacione  gilde 
predicte  videbitur  faciendos,  nominare,  facere  et  ordinare  possint 
imperpetuum.  Ac  eciam  quod  ipsi  ac  eorum  heredes  et  suc- 
cessores gilde  predicte  liberi  sint  et  qnieti  de  omnibus  sectis 
shirarum,  hundredorum  et  wapentachorum,  ac  de  murdro  et 
latrocinio,  et  de  auxiliis  Vicecomitum,  fforestariorum  et  aliorum 
Balliuorum  nostrorum  quorumcumque,  et  de  omnibus  aliis 
rebus  eis  pertinentibus,  necnon  de  custodiis  et  operacionibus 
castrorum,  et  de  theoloneo,  pontagio,  passagio,  pauagio,  lestagio, 
kaiagio,  stallagio,  muragio,  fossagio,  picagio,  cariagio,  pesagio  et 
chiminagio,  de  omnibus  bonis,  rebus  et  mercandisis  suis  quibus- 
cumque  infra  regnum  nostrum  Anglie  et  alibi  per  totam  potesta- 
tem  nostram  tam  per  terram  quam  per  mare,  vbi  libertates  eis 
dare  possimus,  prestandis  imperpetuum.  Concessimus  insuper 


364  €6e  (Dfin  egjercfmnt* 

CIRENCESTER.  eisdem  hominibus  quod  Magister,  siue  Gubernator,  gilde  predicte 
et  vnus  clericus  per  eos  ad  hoc  deputandus  habeant  plenam 
potestatem  et  auctoritatem  ad  recipiendum  in  Gildam  predictam 
quascumque  recogniciones  debitorum  quorum cumque  coram  eis, 
iuxta  formam  statuti  apud  Acton'  BurnelP  in  huiusmodi  casu 
editi  faciendas;  et  quod  predictus  Magister,  siue  Gubernator, 
et  clericus  de  nominibus  huiusmodi  recognitorum  post  terminos 
solucionum  in  huiusmodi  recognicionibus  coram  eis  faciendis 
contentos  in  Cancellaria  nostra  et  heredum  nostrorum,  sub  sigillo 
ad  hoc  ordinandum,  certificare  possint  imperpetuum.  Et  in- 
super  quod  predictus  Magister,  siue  Gubernator,  Gilde  predicte 
pro  tempore  existens,  tarn  in  presencia  nostra  et  heredum  nos- 
trorum quam  in  absencia  nostra  et  heredum  nostrorum,  infra 
gildam  predictam  habeat  assaiam  et  assisam  panis,  vini  et  cer- 
uisie  et  aliorum  victualium  quorumcumque  necnon  mensurarum 
et  ponderum  et  omnium  aliarum  rerum  ad  officium  clerici 
mercati  hospicii  nostri  et  heredum  nostrorum  pertinencium  siue 
spectancium,  et  transgressores  in  hac  parte  habitos  necnon  eorum 
defectus,  tarn  in  presencia  nostra  et  heredum  nostrorum  quam  in 
absencia  nostra  et  heredum  nostrorum,  corrigere  et  punire,  ac 
amerciamenta  et  alia  proficua  inde  proueniencia  pro  meliori 
gubernacione  Gilde  predicte  ac  in  supportacionem  custuum  et 
aliorum  onerium  hominibus  Gilde  predicte  et  eorum  heredibus 
et  successoribus  incumbencium  ad  opus  suum  leuare,  colligere, 
habere  et  tenere  possit  imperpetuum;  Saluo  iure  cuiuslibet,  vt 
est  iustum.  Quare  volumus  .  .  .  Data  per  manum  nostram 
A.D.  1403.  apud  Westmonasterium  quarto  decimo  Julii  anno  regni  nostro 
quarto.' — (Bristol  Council-House  ^  Little  Red  Book,  fol.  177.) 


COVENTKY  1. 

4  Rex  dilecto  et  fideli  suo  Magistro  Thome  de  Wymundham, 
Thesaurario  suo,  salutem.  Quum  nuper  quasdam  consuetudines, 
quietancias  et  libertates  a  progenitoribus  nostris  Regibus  Anglie 

1  The  grant  to  the  burgesses  of  Coventry,  mentioned  above  on  p.  48,  is 
distinct  from  that  to  the  Prior  and  Convent, — Merew.  and  Stephens,  469. 


Supplementary  Proofs  anD  ^lustrations,   365 

et  aliis  Priori  et  Conuentui  ecclesie  Couentrie  per  cartas  suas,  COVENTRY. 
quas  inspeximus  [et]  concessimus,  concessas  confirmauerimus 
eisdem,  et  eciam  quasdam  libertates  de  nouo  sibi  concesserimus, 
inter  quas  concessimus  eis  quod  ipsi  de  hominibus  suis  ville 
predicte  de  Couentria  Coronatores  habeant  infra  villam  ipsam, 
qui  de  omnibus  que  ad  officium  coronatoris  pertinent  coram 
iusticiis  nostris  itinerantibus  in  Comitatu  predicto  illo  responde- 
ant,  et  quod  homines  ipsorum  Prioris  et  Conuentus  habeant  in 
eadem  villa  gildam  mercatoriam  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et 
liberis  consuetudinibus  ad  dictam  gildam  pertinentibus ;  ac  qui- 
dam  de  villa  predicta,  ut  audiuimus,  ipsos  Priorem  et  Con- 
uentum,  ad  eorum  dampnum,  impedierint  quominus  Coronatores 
sui  dicte  ville  visum  cuiusdam  hominis  interfecti,  aut  homines 
sui  eiusdem  ville  gildam  predictam  habere  potuerint,  iuxta  con- 
cessionem  nostram  predictam;  per  quod  ad  querimonium  dic- 
torum  Prioris  et  Conuentus  Vicecomiti  nostro  Warr'  precepimus 
quod  ad  villam  predictam  accederet  ad  dictas  libertates  pupli- 
candas  et  conseruandas ;  quidam  de  villa  predicta,  ut  audiuimus, 
vi  armata  vna  cum  aliis  de  partibus  illis  Gilbertum  clericum  dicti 
Vicecomitis  ad  hoc  ibi  transmissum  ceperunt,  imprisonauerunt, 
et  breuia  nostra  et  rotulos  nostros  fregerunt  et  conculauerunt,  et 
homines  dictorum  Prioris  et  Conuentus  verbauerunt  et  male- 
tractauerunt  in  contemptum  nostri  et  contra  pacem  nostram. 
Et  quia  super  premissis  plenius  volumus  certiorari  et  iusticiam 
fieri,  assignamus  vos  ad  inquirendum,  etc.  qui  dictas  transgres 
siones  fecerint,  et  qualiter,  et  qtia  racione.  Et  ideo  vobis  man- 
damus, etc.  Et  inquisicionem,  etc.  In  cuius,  etc.  Et  manda- 
tum  est  Vicecomiti  Warr'  quod  tot,  etc.  Et  quod  attachiet,  ita 
quod  habeat  corpus,  etc.' — (Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  52  Hen.  Ill,  A.D.  1268. 
mem.  25,  dorse.) 

DOKCHESTEB. 

Subjoined   are   some   of  the   most  important   clauses   of  the 
grant  of  5  Charles  I,  an  English  abstract  of  which  is  given  above  -A..D.  1620. 
on  pages  56-57  :- 

'Et  ulterius  volumus  et  concedimus  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et 


366 

DORCHESTER,  successoribus  nostris  Maiori,  Balliuis,  Aldermannis  et  Burgensi- 
bus  Burgi  predict!  et  Successoribus  suis  imperpetuum  quod 
nullus  mercator,  artifex,  agricola,  laborarius,  laborator  aut  aliqui 
usitantes  siue  exercentes  aliquam  artem,  occupacionem  siue 
misterium,  vel  alius  quicumque  qui  non  sit  aut  fuerit  liber 
Burgensis  vel  liber  inhabitans  Burgi  predicti,  aliquem  artem, 
occupacionem  siue  misterium  infra  Burgum  predictum,  libertates, 
precinctum,  bundas,  muros  et  fossata  eiusdem  exerceat,  nee  in 
aliqua  arte,  occupacione  siue  misterio  infra  Burgum  predictum 
vel  precinctum,  bundas,  muros  et  fossata  eiusdem  operet  vel 
laboret,  nee  aliquam  domum,  shopam,  locum  siue  stacionem 
habeat  vel  utatur  in  Burgo  predicto  aut  precinctu  eiusdem  pro 
vendicione  aut  vtteracione  aliquorum  rnercimoniorum  siue 
mercandisarum  ibidem,  seu  pro  execucione  alicuius  artis, 
occupacionis  siue  misterii  in  Burgo  predicto,  nisi  tantummodo 
tempore  feriarum  et  nundinarum  infra  Burgum  predictum.  .  .  . 
[Various  powers  are  granted  to  the  Mayor,  two  Bailiffs,  six 
Aldermen  and  six  Burgesses,  who  constituted  the  fifteen  Capital 
Burgesses  and  were  entrusted  with  the  general  government  of  the 
town.] 

Sciatis  vlterius  quod  nos  pro  meliori  augmentacione,  ordina- 
cione  et  direccione  Comercii  infra  Burgum  predictum,  de  ampliori 
gracia  nostra  speciali  et  ex  certa  sciencia  et  mero  motu  nostris 
voluimus,  ordinauimus,  constituimus  et  concessimus,  ac  per 
presentes  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  volumus, 
ordinamus,  constitumus  et  concedimus  quod  omnes  et  singuli 
homines  et  inhabitantes  Burgi  predicti  decetero  imperpetuum  sint 
et  erunt  vnum  corpus  corporatum  et  politicum  in  re,  facto  et  nomine, 
per  nomen  Gubernatoris,  assistencium  et  liberorum  hominum  Burgi 
de  Dorchester  in  Comitatu  Dorset'  predicto.  .  .  .  [They  are  to 
have  perpetual  succession,  to  hold  lands  and  chattels,  plead  and 
be  impleaded,  and  to  have  a  common  seal.] 

Et  vlterius  volumus  ac  per  presentes  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et 
successoribus  nostris  concedimus  et  ordinamus  quod  decetero 
imperpetuum  sit  et  erit  infra  Burgum  predictum  vnus  discretus 
vir  de  liberis  hominibus  Burgi  predicti  pro  tempore  existentibus, 


@upplementarg  Proofs  anD  3[llustration&   367 

in  forma  inferius  in  presentibus  mencionata  eligendus,  qui  sit,  DORCHESTER. 
erit  et  vocabitur  Gubernator  liberorum  hominum  Burgi  predict! ; 
quodque  similiter  sint  et  erunt  infra  Burgum  predictum  viginti 
quatuor  de  melioribus  et  discretioribus  liberis  hominibus  vel 
liberis  inhabitantibus  Burgi  predicti,  in  forma  eciam  inferius  in 
presentibus  mencionata  eligendi,  qui  sint,  erunt  et  vocabuntur 
commune  Concilium  liberorum  hominum  Burgi  predicti,  et  erunt 
de  tempore  in  tempus  assistentes  et  auxiliantes  dicto  Gubernatori 
pro  tempore  existenti  in  omnibus  rebus,  causis  et  materiis  merca- 
turam  siue  commercium 1  infra  Burgum  predictum  aut  alias  res 
dicti  Gubernatoris  et  assistencium  quoquomodo  tangentes  siue 
concernentes.  Et  vlterius  volumus  ac  per  presentes  pro  nobis, 
heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  ordinamus,  necnon  de  vberiori 
gracia  nostra  speciali  ac  ex  certa  scienc'ia  et  mero  motu  nostris 
concedimus  prefatis  Gubernatori,  assistentibus  et  liberis  homini- 
bus Burgi  predicti  et  Successoribus  suis  quod  bene  liceat  et 
licebit  prefatis  Gubernatori  pro  tempore  existenti  ac  quatuor 
assistentibus  per  liberos  homines  Burgi  predicti  vel  maiorem2 
partem  eorum  de  tempore  in  tempus  de  predicto  numero  viginti 
quatuor  nominandis  et  eligendis,  ac  quinque  aliis  assistentibus 
per  Maiorem  Burgi  de  Capitalibus  Burgensibus  Burgi  predicti 
pro  tempore  existentibus  nominandis  et  eligendis,  tenere  quatuor 
Curias  siue  Convocaciones  de  eisdem  Gubernatore  et  assisten- 
tibus vel  maiori  parte  eorum,  quorum  Gubernatorem  vnum  esse 
volumus,  quolibet  anno  decetero  imperpetuum,  ac  in  eisdem 
Curiis  admittere  in  libertatem  Burgi  predicti  quoscumque  viros 
ad  libitum  et  beneplacitum  ipsorum  Gubernatoris  et  assistencium 
vel  maioris  partis  eorum  pro  tempore  existencium,  ac  ibidem 
eciam  tractare,  referre,  consultare,  consulere  et  discernere  de  aliis 
rebus  et  negotiis  suis  specialibus  quibuscumque  predictos  liberos 
homines  vel  liberos  inhabitantes  tangentibus  siue  concernenti- 
bus;  necnon  quatuor  alias  Curias  siue  Convocaciones  quolibet 
anno  imperpetuum,  ac  in  eisdem  Curiis  consulere  et  consultare 
de  omnibus  rebus  et  materiis  mercaturam  et  mercimonium  infra 
Burgum  predictum  concernentibus.  Et  quod  dicti  Gubernator 

1  MS.  '  comerciam.'  a  MS.  '  maiori. ' 


368  Cf)e  ®ilti  egjercfwnt 

DORCHESTER,  et  assistentes  pro  tempore  existentes  vel  maior  pars  eorum, 
quorum  Gubernatorem  pro  tempore  existentem  semper  vnum 
esse  volumus,  in  Curia  siue  Convocacione  predicta  siue  earum 
aliqua  habeant  et  habebunt  plenam  potestatem  et  authoritatem 
condendi,  constituendi,  ordinandi,  faciendi,  stabiliendi  huius- 
modi  leges,  instituciones,  jura,  ordinaciones  et  constituciones 
quecunque  in  scriptis  racionabilibus  que  ipsi  aut  maiori  parti 
eorum,  vt  prefertur,  bona,  salubria,  honesta  et  vtilia  videbuntur 
pro  bono  regimine,  ordinacione  et  gubernacione  mercimonium 
et  mercaturam  infra  Burgum  predictum,  libertates  et  precinctum 
eiusdem,  ac  omnes  societates  artium,  misteriorum  et  occupa- 
cionum,  ac  omnes  mercatores,  artifices  et  mercaturam  aut  ali- 
quem  artem,  misterium,  occupacionem  ibidem  vtendam  vel 
exercendam,  aut  imposterum  vtendam  vel  exercendam,  ac  res  et 
causas  alias  quascunque  dictos  Gubernatorem,  assistentes  et 
liberos  homines  Burgi  predicti  tangentes  aut  concernentes  .  .  . 
[They  may  levy  fines  for  all  contraventions  of  such  laws  and 
ordinances]  ita  quod  in  omnibus  Curiis  predictis  et  in  omnibus 
premissis  exequendis  tot  de  Capitalibus  Burgensibus  Burgi  pre- 
dicti semper  presentes  sint  vel  fuerint  quot  presentes  erint  de 
predictis  Gubernatore  et  aliis  assistentibus  per  liberos  homines 
sic  vt  prefertur  eligendis. 

Et  vlterius  pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  damus 
et  concedimus  prefatis  Gubernatori  et  assistentibus  pro  tempore 
existentibus  vel  maiori  parti  eorum,  quorum  Gubernatorem  vnum 
esse  volumus,  plenam  potestatem  et  authoritatem  dandi  et  ad- 
ministrandi  sacramentum  Corporale  super  sancta  dei  Evangelia  in 
Curiis  predictis  omnibus  et  singulis  personis  in  libertatem  Burgi 
predicti  admittendis,  prout  consimilibus  casibus  vsitatum  est  aut 
fieri  debet ;  necnon  examinandi  quascunque  personas  super  sacra- 
menta  sua  corporalia  de  omnibus  abusibus,  falsitatibus  et  aliis 
rebus  et  materiis  per  quoscunque  committendis  siue  perpetrandis 
mercaturam  siue  mercimonium  infra  Burgum  predictum  quoquo 
modo  tangentibus  siue  concernentibus  ;  Ita  quod  equalis  numerus 
dictorum  assistencium  per  Maiorem  nominandorum  cum  numero 
dictorum  Gubernatoris  et  assistencium  per  liberos  homines  nomi- 


Supplementary  proofs  anD  3[llusttattons*  369 

nandorum  semper  sit  presentes.    Volumus  eciam  ac  per  presentes  DORCHESTER. 
pro  nobis,  heredibus  et  successoribus  nostris  preficimus  et  man- 
damus quod  omnes  et  singuli  liberi  homines  Burgi  predict!  pro 
tempore  existentes,  Justiciariis  pacis  ibidem  tantummodo  exceptis, 
ad  Curias  predictas  presentes  et  attendentes  sint  de  tempore  in 
tempus   imperpetuum.     Et   si   comparere   recusauerint   vel   neg- 
legerint,  vel  aliquam  malegesturam  vel  insolenciam  contra  dictos 
Gubernatorem  et  assistentes  committent,  quod  tune  dicti  Guber- 
nator  et  assistentes  vel  maior  pars  eorum,  quorum  Gubernatorem 
vnum  esse  volumus,  ac  sic  et  equaliter  per  presentes  fines  et 
amerciamenta  in  et  super  huiusmodi  personas  comparere  negli- 
gentes  vel  recusantes  aut  malegesturam  aut  insolenciam  commit- 
tentes  imponere  et  assidere  possint,  ac  eadem  fines  et  amerciamenta 
levare  modo  et  forma  predictis,  ac  eadem  habere  possint  ad  vsum 
dictorum  Gubernatoris  et  assistencium,  liberorum  hominum  Burgi 
predicti  et  successorum  suorum.     Et  si  dubitaciones,  quesciones, 
differencie   siue   contenciones   alique   in  aut  circa  execucionem 
premissorum   aut   eorum   alicuius  inter  dictos  Gubernatorem  et 
assistentes   aliquo   tempore    imposterum   oriri   seu   moueri   con- 
tigerint,  quod  tune  et  tocies  quocies  Casus  sic  accident,  omnes 
huiusmodi  dubitaciones,   quesciones,  differencie  et  contenciones 
per  Maiorem,  Balliuos  et  Capitales  Burgenses  Burgi  predicti  vel 
maiorem  partem  eorum,  quorum  Maiorem  vel  eiusdem  Maioris  vlti- 
mum  Predecessorem  vnum  esse  volumus,  adiudicabuntur  et  finaliter 
determinabuntur,  aliquo  in  presentibus  contento  in  contrarium 
non  obstante.' 

John  Long  is  appointed  the  first  Governor.  The  freemen  are 
to  assemble  yearly  to  elect  from  their  Common  Council  a  Governor, 
who  is  to  take  his  oath  of  office  before  the  Mayor.  The  first 
twenty-four  of  the  Common  Council  are  named,  being  appointed 
for  life.  They  may  be  removed  from  office  for  proper  cause  by 
the  Mayor,  Bailiffs  and  Capital  Burgesses.  The  latter  are  to  fill 
vacancies  in  cases  of  death  or  removal  from  office.  The  Governor 
and  his  assistants  are  to  appoint  a  Clerk,  a  Receiver  ('Receptorem'), 
one  or  two  Beadles  and  other  necessary  minor  officers.  The 
Mayor,  Bailiffs,  Aldermen  and  Burgesses  are  to  have  all  franchises 

Bb 


370  Cfte  ®iin  agercfcant 

DORCHESTER,  granted  by  any  of  the  king's  predecessors. — (Record  Office,  Patent 
Roll  $  Car.  7,  pars  14,  No.  i.) 

DUBLIN. 

Sub  initio  '  Johannes   dei   gratia   Rex  Anglic,    Dominus  Hibernie,   Dux 

regmjohanms.  Normannie,  Acquietanie,  Comes  Andegavie,  Archiepiscopis, 
Episcopis,  Abbatibus,  Comitibus,  Baronibus,  Justiciariis,  Vice- 
comitibus,  Prepositis,  Ministris,  et  omnibus  Ballivis  et  Fidelibus 
suis,  salutem.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  et  hac  nostra  carta  con- 
firmasse  Civibus  nostris  de  Dublin'  tarn  extra  muros  quam  infra 
muros  manentibus  quod  nullus  extraneus  mercator  emat  infra 
Civitatem  de  homine  extraneo,  blada  vel  corea  vel  lanam  nisi  de 
Civibus.  Et  quod  nullus  extraneus  vendat  pannos  in  Civitate  ad 
descicionem.  Et  quod  nullus  extraneus  mercator  moretur  in 
Civitate  cum  mercibus  suis  pro  mercibus  vendendis,  nisi  per 
quadraginta  dies.  Et  quod  habeant  omnes  rationabiles  gildas 
suas,  sicut  burgenses  de  Bristolia  habent  vel  melius  habere  con- 
sueverunt.' — (Chartae,  etc.,  Hiberniae,  p.  u.) 

DUNHEVED  alias  LAUNCESTON. 

'  Concessimus  eciam  ipsis  et  heredibus  suis,  pro  nobis  et  here- 
dibus  nostris,  vt  habeant  et  teneant  vnam  placeam  in  eodem 
burgo  ad  quandam  aulam  Gilla  toriam1  exigendam,  tenendam 
de  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris,  vbi  decencius  et  honorabilius 
prouiderint,  per  vnam  libram  piperis  annuatim  reddendam  in 
festo  sancti  Michaelis  pro  omni  seruicio,  querela  et  exaccione. 
Concessimus  eciam  ipsis  et  heredibus  suis,  pro  nobis  et  heredibus 
nostris,  quando  aliquis  balliuorum  nostrorum  prisam  fecerit  de 
ceruisia  in  Castellum,  quod  non  tenetur  habere  nisi  primam 
bikam  de  vno  obolo,  minus  quam  alibi  vendita  fuerit  secundum 
quod  assisa  facta  fuerit  per  Burgenses.' 

The  above  is  an  extract  from  the  charter  of  Richard,  Earl  of 
Cornwall  (temp.  Henry  III),  to  the  burgesses  of  Dunheved2, 

1  '  Gilde  mercatorie.' 

2  A  translation  of  the  charter  of  Earl  Richard  is  printed  in  Peter's  Launceston 
and  Dunheved,  72-74. 


Supplementary  proofs  ano  3[llustration&  3  7 1 

which  was  confirmed  by  Richard  II,  Henry  IV  and  Henry  V. —  DUNHEVED. 
(Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  2  Henry  V,  pars  3,  mem.  28.) 

EXETEB, 

The  Merchant  Adventurers  of  Exeter  received  another  royal  A.D.  1560. 
grant  dated  June  i7th,  2  Elizabeth.  It  contains  most  of  the 
provisions  of  the  patent  of  i  Elizabeth  (above  pp.  87-89).  It 
incorporates  them  by  the  name  of  the  '  Governor,  Consulls  and 
Societie  of  Marchantes  Adventurers  of  the  Citie  of  Excester  tra- 
fiquing  the  realme  of  ffraunce  and  dominions  of  the  ffrenche 
kinge.'  No  one  is  to  ship  merchandise  to  France  or  import  any 
wares  from  the  latter,  except  members  of  the  Company.  A  handi- 
craftsman must  abandon  his  occupation  or  mystery  on  being 
admitted  into  the  Society. — (Cotton,  An  Elizabethan  Guild,i-io.y 

On  July  ist,  1560,  twenty-seven  assistants  are  mentioned;  and 
later  we  also  meet  with  a  Beadle,  a  Clerk  and  a  Treasurer. — 
(Ibid.,  12,  1 6.) 

Subjoined  is  '  The  Othe  to  be  mynstered  to  every  one  which  is 
and  shall  be  made  free  of  the  Companye  of  the  Marchantes  Ad- 
ventures of  the  Citie  of  Exester ' : — 

'  Youe  shall  swere  youe  shalbe  good  and  trewe  to  our  Sovereigne 
Ladye  the  Quenes  Highnes,  Ladye  Elizabeth  by  the  Grace  of  God 
Quene  of  England,  France  and  Irlande,  defender  of  the  faithe,  &c., 
and  to  her  heires  and  successors  Kinges  and  Quenes  of  Englande. 
You  shalbe  obedient  to  the  Maior  of  this  Citie  of  Exon  and  to 
the  Governor  and  Consultes  of  this  Companye  of  the  Marchauntes 
Adventurers.  You  shall  mainteine  as  muche  as  in  youe  shall  lye 
all  the  liberties  of  the  same,  being  not  preiudiciall  nor  hurtfull  to 
the  liberties  of  the  Citie.  Youe  shall  come  to  the  election  of 
every  new  Governor  and  Consulte.  Youe  shalbe  contributorie  to 
all  maner  of  charges,  after  your  liabilitie,  as  youe  shalbe  taxed 
with  all  by  the  Governor,  Consultes  and  Assistaunte  Councele  of 

1  According  to  Izacke's  Antiquities  of  Exeter,  3rd  edit.,  p.  65,  the  Merchant 
Adventurers  also  received  a  charter  in  4  Mary,  1556.  See  also  Freeman, 
Exeter,  170-173  ;  Cotton,  Guilds  of  Exeter,  Devon.  Assoc.,  Trans.,  v.  120. 

B  b  2 


372  c&e  ®ilti  a^ercfmnt 

EXETER,  this  Companye.  You  shall  not  coulor  any  foreyne  goodes  whereby 
the  Quenes  highnes  may  at  any  tyme  lose  any  parte  of  her  custome, 
or  which  maye  be  preiudiciall  to  the  custome  of  the  Citie.  Yf 
youe  shall  knowe  any  maner  of  parson  or  parsones  being  not  free 
of  this  Companye  to  transporte  any  marchandize  growen  or  made 
out  of  this  realme  of  England  or  domynions  of  the  same,  contrarye 
to  the  graunte  made  by  the  Quenes  highnes  to  the  Marchantes 
Adventurers  of  this  Citie  of  Exon,  you  shall  furthwithe  geve 
knowledge  and  warnying  thereof  to  the  Governor  and  Consultes 
of  this  Companye  for  the  tyme  being,  or  to  one  of  theim  at  the 
leaste.  Yf  you  shall  knowe  any  unlawfull  assembles,  conventicles 
or  conspiracies  made  ageyne  the  Quene's  peace,  youe  shall  geve 
knowledge  of  the  same  to  Mr.  Maior  of  this  Citie  or  the  Governor 
and  Consultes  of  the  Companye  for  the  tyme  being.  Yf  any 
variance  or  controversie  shall  at  any  tyme  happen  to  ryse  betwene 
any  youre  brethren  of  this  Companye,  youe  shall  put  your  helping 
hand  for  the  pacifienge  and  asswaging  of  the  same.  Youe  shall 
sharplie  rebuke  and  reprove,  bothe  within  this  realme  and  also  in 
the  parties  beyonde  the  seas,  all  mens  sarvantes  or  factors  of  this 
Companye,  yf  at  any  tyme  it  shalbe  your  chaunce  to  see  or 
knowe  theim  negligentlie,  ryottoslie  or  dysceytfullie  to  handle 
their  maisters  busynes  and  goodes.  That  with  all  spede  con- 
venyent  youe  open  and  reveale  suche  their  mysbehavior  and  evel 
lyving  and  dealing  to  their  masters,  and  not  to  conceale  the  same 
in  any  wyse.  Youe  shall  not  dysclose  the  secret  talke  communed 
by  the  Governor  and  Consultes  or  any  of  theim  to  be  kept  secret, 
which  may  be  hurtfull  to  the  said  Companye.  You  shall  observe, 
kepe  and  obeye  all  suche  goode  actes  and  ordynances  as  be,  or 
hereafter  shalbe,  made  and  devised  by  the  Governor,  Consultes 
and  Assistante  Counsell  of  this  Companye,  for  the  good  gover- 
ment  and  preservacion  of  the  same  Companye,  in  all  poinctes  and 
articles  as  moche  as  in  youe  shall  or  may  lye.  All  and  singuler 
these  articles,  youe  shall  well  and  trulie  observe  and  kepe  as 
a  freeman  of  this  Companye,  as  longe  as  you  shall  contynue  a 
freeman  of  the  same.  So  helpe  youe  God,  etc.' — (Cotton,  21-22.) 
The  Company  levied  an  imposition  called  'Average  money,'  id. 


@>upplementarp  proofs  ant  3[llttstrattons*   373 

on  every  tun  of  wine  and  every  fardell  of  cloth,  imported  or  ex-  EXETER. 
ported. — (Ibid.,  28.) 

'In  1577  overtures  were  made  by  the  London  Company 
"trading  [to]  Spain  and  Portingall,"  to  establish  a  similar  Guild 
in  Exeter.  This  appears  to  have  been  done,  and  a  charter  granted,' 
the  members  being  taken  chiefly  from  the  old  Company  of 
Merchant  Adventurers. — (Ibid.,  78.) 

G-LOTTCESTEB. 

'  Johannes  Dei  gratia,  etc.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  et  hac  carta 
nostra  confirmasse  burgensibus  nostris  Gloc'  totum  burgum  Gloc' 
cum  pertinentiis,  tenendum  de  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  in  per- 
petuum  ad  firmam,  reddendo  per  annum  quinquaginta  et  quinque 
libras  esterlingorum,  sicut  eas  solebant  reddere,  et  decem  libras 
numero  de  incremento  firme  ad  scaccarium  nostrum  in  termino 
Pasche  et  in  termino  Sancti  Michaelis.  Concessimus  etiam  bur- 
gensibus nostris  Gloc'  de  gilda  mercatorum  quod  nullus  eorum 
placitet  extra  muros  burgi  Gloc'  de  ullo  placito  preter  placita  de 
tenuris  exterioribus,  exceptis  monetariis  et  ministris  nostris.  Con- 
cessimus etiam  eis  quod  nullus  eorum  faciat  duellum,  et  quod  de 
placitis  ad  coronam  nostram  pertinentibus  se  possint  disrationare 
secundum  antiquam  consuetudinem  burgi.  Hoc  etiam  eis  con- 
cessimus  quod  omnes  burgenses  Gloc'  de  gilda  mercatorum  sint 
quieti  de  theloneo  et  lestagio  et  pontagio  et  stallagio  in  feria  et 
extra  et  per  portus  maris  omnium  terrarum  nostrarum  citra  mare 
et  ultra  mare,  salvis  in  omnibus  libertatibus  civitatis  London' ;  et 
quod  nullus  de  misericordia  pecunie  judicetur,  nisi  secundum  anti- 
quam legem  burgi  quam  habuerunt  tempore  antecessorum  nos- 
trorum ;  et  quod  terras  suas  et  tenuras  et  vadimonia  et  debita 
omnia  juste  habeant,  quicumque  eis  debeat.  Et  de  terris  suis  et 
tenuris  que  infra  burgum  sunt,  rectum  eis  teneatur  secundum 
consuetudinem  burgi.  Et  de  omnibus  debitis  suis  que  accommo- 
data  fuerint  apud  Glouc'  et  vadimoniis  ibidem  factis  placita  apud 
Glouc'  teneantur.  Et  si  quis  in  tota  terra  nostra  theloneum  vel 
consuetudinem  ab  hominibus  Glouc'  de  gilda  mercatorum  ceperit, 


374  Cfte 

GLOUCESTER,  postquam  ipse  a  recto  defecerit,  vicecomes  Glouc'  vel  prepositus 
Glouc'  namium  inde  apud  Glouc'  capiat,  salvis  in  omnibus  liber- 
tatibus  civitatis  London'.  Insuper  etiam  ad  emendandum  burgum 
eis  concessimus  quod  omnes  sint  quieti  de  gyeresgyve  et  de 
scotale,  si  vicecomes  noster  vel  aliquis  alius  ballivus  scotale  faciat 
....  Volumus  etiam  et  concedimus  quod  iidem  burgenses  nostri 
Gloc'  per  commune  consilium  burgi  eligant  duos  de  legalioribus 
et  discretioribus  burgensibus  Gloc'  et  presentent  illos  capitali 
justicie  nostre  apud  Westmonasterium,  qui  duo  vel  alter  eorum 
bene  et  fideliter  custodiant  preposituram  burgi ;  et  non  amovean- 
tur,  quamdiu  se  in  balliva  sua  bene  gesserint,  nisi  per  commune 
consilium  burgi.  Volumus  etiam  quod  in  eodem  burgo  Gloc'  per 
commune  consilium  burgensium  eligantur  iiii.  de  legalioribus  et 
discretioribus  burgi  ad  custodiendum  placita  corone  et  alia  que 
ad  nos  et  nostram  coronam  pertinent  in  eodem  burgo,  et  ad 
videndum  quod  prepositi  vel  prepositus  illius  burgi  juste  et  legit- 

A.D.  1200.      time  tractent  tarn  pauperes  quam  divites.     Hiis  testibus  .  .  .  xxi. 
die  Aprilis  anno  regni  nostri  primo.' — (Rotuli  Chartarum,  56.) 
The  above  was  confirmed  by  a  royal  grant  of  n  Henry  III, 

A.D.  1227.  with  this  addition  : — '  Concedimus  eciam  eisdem  quod  si  aliquis 
natiuus  alicuius  in  predicto  burgo  manserit,  et  eciam  in  eo  se 
tenuerit,  et  fuerit  in  gilda  mercatoria  et  hansa  et  loth  et  scot  cum 
eisdem  burgensibus  nostris  per  vnum  annum  et  vnum  diem  sine 
calumpnia,  deinceps  non  possit  repeti  a  domino  suo,  set  in  eodem 
burgo  liber  permaneat.' — (Madox,  Firma  Burgi,  133.) 

The  grants  of  John  and  Henry  III  were  confirmed  by  a  charter 

A.D.  1328.  of  2  Edward  III,  which  also  contains  this  clause: — 'quod  ipsi 
et  eorum  heredes  et  successores  predicti  imperpetuum  sint 
quieti  de  muragio,  kaiagio,  pauagio,  passagio,  gildagio  et  gilda 
mercatorum  et  omnibus  aliis  huiusmodi  consuetudinibus  per 
totum  regnum  nostrum  et  potestatem  nostram.' — (Record  Office, 
Charter  Roll  2.  Edw.  Ill,  mem.  3.) 

There  used  to  be  an  ancient  seal  at  Gloucester  having,  in  the 
middle,  a  castle,  with  a  turret  on  each  side,  and  round  it  is  this 
inscription,  SIGILLUM  BURGENSIUM  DE  GILDA  MERCATORUM 
GLOUC. — (Fosbroke,  Hist,  of  Glouc,,  204.) 


Supplementary  Proofs  ann  ^lustrations,  375 

GUILDFOKD.  GUILDFORD. 

*  Rex,  etc.  salutem  ....  [the  town  granted  to  the  burgesses  in 
fee-farm].  Concessimus  etiam  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  de 
gratia  nostra  speciali  prefatis  hominibus  et  tenentibus  quod  ipsi 
et  heredes  et  successores  sui  habeant  gildam  mercatoriam  juxta 
antiquas  consuetudines,  et  prout  cives  civitatis  Wintonie  et  aliarum 
Civitatum  et  Burgorum  [habent].  Eisque  hominibus  et  tenentibus 
nostris  et  eorum  heredibus  et  successoribus  omnes  antiquas  liber- 
tates  et  consuetudines  suas  concedimus  et  confirmamus.  Et  quod 
Senescallus  et  ballivus  dicte  ville,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint,  homines 
resident  es  in  eadem  villa  ad  sacramentum  ponere  possint  quotiens 
pro  jure  nostro  conservando  et  pro  justitia  singulis  hominibus  coram 

eis  conquerentibus  expedient  et  necesse  fuerit  faciendum.    Ouare  4oEdwardIII. 

,  ,„  A,D.  1366. 

volumus  ....  Data  per  manum  nostram  apud  Westmonastenum 

primo  die  Octobris,' — (AddiL  MS.,  Mus.  Brit.,  6167,  fol.  188.) 

The  above  was  confirmed  by  Richard  II,  Henry  VII,  Henry 
VIII,  Edward  VI  and  Elizabeth. — (Record  Office,  Confirmation 
Roll  19-23  Eliz.,  mem.  15.) 

.  The  following  is  an  extract  from  Addit.  MS.,  Mus.  Brit.  6167, 
fol.  195,  which  was  accidentally  omitted  above  on  page  98, 
immediately  preceding  the  last  line : — 

'  Senescallus. — Walterus  Wodeland.     Et  associantur  eidem  Ri-  Electio  offic'. 
cardus   Privet,   Henricus   Colas,  Tanner,    et  Johannes 
Semer,   ad    prebendum    consilium    suum    simul    cum 
Custodibus  Aule  et  Ballivo,  etc. 
Ballivus. — Petrus  At  Barr. 

( Rogerus  Lumbard, 
Custodes  Aule.    1  _  . 

(  Johannes  Mauroks. 

( Henricus  Cokeshall,  Toh.  Barber, 
Pmcerne.  < 

( Jon.  Mere,  Rogerus  Damoks.' 

HOPE. 

From  a   long   charter  granted  by  the  Black  Prince    to   the 
burgesses  of  Hope  in  25  Edward  III,  we  extract  the  following :—  A.D.  1351. 
'  Et  quod  habeant  Gildam  Mercatoriam  cum  hansa  et  aliis  con- 


376  €&e  ®ilD  agercfwnt 

HOPE,  suetudinibus  et  libertatibus  ad  Gildam  illam  pertinentibus.  Ita 
quod  nullus  qui  non  sit  de  Gilda  ilia  Mercandizam  aliquam  faciat 
in  eadem  villa,  nisi  de  voluntate  Burgensium  predictorum.  Con- 
cedimus  eciam  eisdem  quod  si  aliquis  natiuus  alicuius  in  prefata 
villa  manserit,  et  terram  in  ea  tenuerit,  et  fuerit  in  prefata  gilda  et 
hansa,  et  loth  et  shot  cum  eisdem  hominibus  nostris  per  vnum 
annum  et  vnum  diem  sine  calumpnia,  deinceps  non  possit  repeti 
a  domino  suo,  set  liber  in  eadem  villa  permaneat.' — (Record 
Office,  Chester  Recognizance  Rolls,  No.  34,.  mem.  3.) 

A.D.  1399.  Richard  II  granted  the  burgesses  of  Hope  that  they  should  not 
be  impleaded  in  any  Welsh  court.  '  lidem  tamen  Burgenses  et 
eorum  quilibet  per  Comburgenses  suos  Anglicos  et  non  per 
aliquem  Wallensem  quouis  modo  convinci  et  acquietari  possint  vel 
possit ;  et  vlterius  concessimus  eisdem  Burgensibus  quod  nullus 
Wallensis,  cuiuscumque  status  et  condicionis  fuerit,  aliquod  merca- 
tum  siue  gildam  mercatoriam  de  mercandisis  seu  victualibus  qui- 
buscumque  prope  Burgum  nostrum  predictum  per  tres  leucas  in 
circuitu  sub  forisfactura  eorundem  faciat,  teneat  nee  excerceat, 
nee  aliquam  ceruisiam  infra  dictum  spacium  vendendam  de  suo 
proprio  pandoxari  faciat,  sub  pena  quod  grauiter  puniatur  erga  nos 
coram  Justiciario  nostro  Cestrie  pro  tempore  existente.'  Welshmen 
of  the  lordship  of  Hopedale  are  to  go  to  the  said  town  of  Hope 
to  sell  victuals,  and  not  to  other  neighbouring  markets.  No  great 
rout  ('  grandis  routa ')  to  maintain  any  quarrel  in  behalf  of  Welsh- 
men within  the  said  borough  or  in  our  court  therein. — (Record 
Office,  Patent  Roll  22  Rich.  II,  pars  2,  mem.  13.) 

IPSWICH. 

The  extracts  from  the  Little  Domesday  Book  of  Ipswich  given 
above  on  pages  116-124  m^y  also  be  found  in  Addit.  MS.,  Mus. 
Brit,  25011,  ff.  30-33*.  Subjoined  are  a  few  more  examples  of 
the  admission  of  '  foreign  '  burgesses  : — 

'Adhuc  de  Burgensibus  forinsecis  factis  Anno  regni  regis 
predicti  Johannis  v*0.,  videlicet : 

1  Vellum ;  written  in  a  hand  of  the  early  part  of  the  fifteenth  century. 


@iipplementarp  proofs  ano  3[llustratfon&  377 

Dominus  Rogerus  de  Monte  alto  factus  est  Burgensis  de  IPSWICH. 
Gippeswico,  et  fideliter  promisit  manutenere  honorem  et  libertates 
eiusdem.  Et  concessit  dare  annuatim  ad  firmam  ville  predicte, 
vt  ipse  et  omnes  Nativi  sui  de  fframesden'  sunt  quieti  de  theloneo 
de  omnibus  rebus  suis  crescentibus  et  renouantibus  in  suis 
propriis  terris  et  dominicis  [et]  de  omnibus  rebus  emptis  ad  suos 
proprios  vsus,  i\\\.d.  et  ii.  busselos  frumenti.  Juratus. 

Dominus  Hugo  le  Rus  deuenit  Burgensis,  et  dat  ad  hansam 
predicte  Gilde  vnum  taurum  et  vnum  quarterium  frumenti,  et 
concessit  dare  singulis  annis  ad  firmam  ville  predicte  pro  se  et 
omnibus  Natiuis  suis  in  Akenham,  Hemmyngston,  Henleye, 
Asketon  et  alibi  [vt]  sint  quieti  de  theloneo  in  dicta  villa  modo  et 
forma  supradictis,  viii.d.  et  iiii.  busselos  frumenti.  Juratus. 

Dominus  Willielmus  de  ffreney  deuenit  Burgensis,  et  dat  ad 
hansam  Gilde  ii.  Multones  et  duodecim  Capones.  Et  concessit 
dare  pro  se  et  omnibus  Natiuis  suis  in  Beschemere  et  Bresete  ad 
firmam  dicte  ville  annuatim,  mi.d.  et  ii.  busselos  frumenti. 
Juratus. 

Robertus  de  Reymes  deuenit  Burgensis,  et  dat  ad  hansam 
Gilde  i.  quarterium  brasei,  et  concessit  dare  annuatim  ad  firmam 
dicte  ville  pro  se  et  Natiuis  suis  in  Wherstede,  vt  sint  quieti  de 
theloneo  in  forma  predicta,  iiii.*/.  et  ii.  busselos  ordei. 

Et  sciendum  est  quod  omnes  Natiui  tarn  predicti  Comitis  et 
aliorum  Burgensium  predictorum  semper  dabunt  Custumam  suam 
ad  firmam  ville  predicte  de  omnibus  mercandisis  suis  emendo  et 
vendendo  in  predicta  villa  de  Gippeswico,  et  ita  semper  dare 
consueverunt.' — (Addit.  MS.  25011,  fol.  33  £.) 

LINCOLN. 

'Henricus  [II]  Rex  Anglie  et  Dux  Normannie  et  Aquitanie 
et  Comes  Andegauie  omnibus  Norrensibus  qui  veniunt  ad  portum 
de  Grymesby  vel  ad  alios  portus  meos  de  Lincolscire,  salutem. 
Precipio  quod  faciatis  Prepositis  meis  Lincolnie  omnes  rectitudines 
et  consuetudines  quas  solebatis  facere  tempore  Regis  Henrici,  aui 
mei,  Prepositis  Lincolnie ;  et  prohibeo  ne  quis  vestrum  detineat 


378  €&e  <$tlt>  sgjercfmnt 

LINCOLN,  eis  theoloneum  vel  aliam  consuetudinem  iniuste  super  decem 
librarum  forisfacturam.  Teste,  W.  filio  Johannis,  apud  WirecV — 
(Record  Office,  Confirmation  Roll  2  Rich.  3,  pars  2,  mem.  8.) 

'Henricus  [II]  Rex  Anglie  et  Dux  Normannie  et  Aquitanie  et 
Comes  Andegauie  Vicecomitibus  et  Ministris  suis  de  Lincolscire 
salutem.  Precipio  quod  faciatis  forinsecos  Mercatores  venire  ad 
Lincolniam  et  ibi  facere  mercaturas  suas,  ita  racionabiliter  et  iuste 
sicut  facere  solebant  tempore  Henrici  Regis,  aui  mei,  ne  Prepositi 
mei  Lincolnie  amittant  meas  regales  consuetudines.  Teste, 
Ricardo  de  Lucy,  apud  Wodestoke.' — (Ibid.) 

'Henricus  [II]  Rex  Anglie  et  Dux  Normannie  et  Aquitanie  et 
Comes  Andegauie  Episcopo  Lincolnie  et  Justiciariis,  Vicecomiti- 
bus et  Baronibus  de  Lincolnia  et  Lincolnscire  salutem.  Precipio 
quod  nullus  Mercator  qui  sit  extraneus  et  deforis  sit  residens  in 
Lincolnia  pro  tingendis  pannis  suis  vel  vendendo  ad  taleam,  nisi 
illi  tantum  qui  sunt  in  gilda  et  ad  omnes  consuetudines  ville,  et 
qui  reddunt  gilda  mea  cum  eis,  sicuti  solebant  tempore  Henrici 
Regis.  Testibus,  Rogero  Comite  Cornubie,  Henrico  de  Essex, 
Constabulario,  Ricardo  de  Humez.' — (Ibid?) 

'Henricus  [II]  Rex  Anglie  et  Dux  Normannie  et  Aquitanie  et 
Comes  Andegauie  Episcopo  Lincolnie  et  Justiciariis  et  Vicecomi- 
tibus et  Baronibus  Lincolnie  et  Lincolscire  salutem.  Precipio 
quod  omnes  illi  qui  de  mercato  viuunt  et  mercatum  deducunt 
infra  quatuor  diuisas  que  pertinent  Ciuitati  Lincolnie  reddant 
communiter  cum  Ciuibus  meis  Lincolnie  gelda  mea  et  assisas 
Ciuitatis,  sicut  reddere  solent  tempore  Regis  Henrici,  et  sicut 
iuste  cum  eis  debent,  in  cuiuscumque  terra  maneant.  Testibus, 
Rogero  Comite  Cornubie,  Henrico  de  Essex,  Constabulario, 
Ricardo  de  Humez,  apud  Notyngham.' — (Ibid.) 

Pro  probis  ho-      *  Rex  Gilberto  de  Preston'  et  sociis  suis  Justiciariis  itinerantibus 

minibus  de  ^  T  .        ,    .         , 

Luda  et  m  Comitatu  Lincolnie  salutem.     Cum  per  cartam  nostram  nuper 

Sleford.  concesserimus  Ciuibus  Lincolnie  quod  de  aliquibus  mercandisis 

per  Mercatores  transmarinos  aut  alios  in  villis  aut  locis  aliis  extra 
Ciuitatem  Lincolnie,  burgos  aut  mercata  in  Comitatu  Lincolnie 
particulares  fiant  empciones  aut  vendiciones,  ac  probi  homines  de 
Luda  et  Sleford,  a  tempore  cuius  non  extat  memoria,  empciones  et 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  illustrations.  379 

vendiciones  de  quibuscumque  negociacionibus  libique  in  Comitatu  LINCOLN. 
Lincolnie  libere  et  sine  impedimento  quorumcumque  exercere  con- 
sueuerunt  prout  magis  sibi  videbatur  expedire,  vt  asserunt,  prefati 
Cities  prefatos  homines  de  Luda  et  Sleford  huiusmodi  empciones 
et  vendiciones  infra  Comitatum  predictum  facere  non  permittentes, 
sicut  ipsi  et  eorum  antecessores  hactenus  facere  consueuerunt,  dis- 
tringunt  ipsos  ad  reddendum  eisdem  Ciuibus  quandam  pecunie 
summam  occasione  cuiusdam  gilde  mercatorie  inter  ipsos  prouise, 
cui  quidem  gilde  nee  ipsi  nee  eorum  antecessores  pro  rebus  et 
mercandisis  suis  temporibus  retroactis  contribuere  consueuerunt. 
Et  quia  sustinere  nolumus,  sicut  nee  debemus,  quod  predicti  ho- 
mines de  Luda  et  Sleford  contra  libertates  suas  et  consuetudines 
hactenus  usitatas  et  approbatas  indebite  grauentur,  prefatis  Ciui- 
bus per  litteras  nostras  mandamus  quod  a  prefatis  grauaminibus 
dictis  hominibus  decetero  inferendis  desisterent,  quod  quidem 
mandatum  nostrum  facere  contempserunt,  et  ipsos  vt  prius  ag- 
grauant  et  molestant.  Nos  igitur,  neutri  parti  in  premissis  in- 
iuriari  set  potius  eis  iusticie  complementum  celeriter  exhibere 
volentes,  vobis  mandamus  quod  vocatis  coram  vobis  partibus 
predictis  et  racionibus  super  premissis  utrobique  auditis  ante 
recessum  vestrum  a  partibus  predictis  quod  iustum  fuerit  in  hac 
parte  fieri  faciatis.  Mandauimus  enim  Vicecomiti  nostro  Comi- 
tatus  predicti  quod  predictos  Ciues  summoniat  quod  sint  coram 
vobis  ad  mandatum  vestrum,  facturi  et  recepturi  in  premissis 
quod  de  iure  et  secundum  legem  et  consuetudinem  regni  nostri 
fuerit  faciendum.  Teste  Rege  apud  Westmonasterium  xviii.  die  A.D.  1271. 
Augusti.' — (Record  Office ',  Patent  Roll  55  Henry  III,  mem.  6.) 

LYNN  REGIS. 

A  royal  grant  of  4  Henry  V  states  that  when  the  mayor  of  A.D.  1417. 
Lynn  should  happen  to  die,  the  alderman  of  Trinity  Gild  was  to 
take  his  place. — (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1887,  App.  iii.  203.)* 

1  Rex  Omnibus  ad  quos,  etc.  salutem.     Sciatis  quod  cum  nos  A.D.  1448. 

1  See  also  the  same  Report,  App.  iii.  186,  190,  195,  203-211,  225-231,  for 
some  account  of  the  MSS.  relating  to  this  Gild,  with  extracts  from  the  Gild 
Rolls. 


380  c&e  (Sift  sgjercimnt 

LYNN  REGIS,  quarto-decimo  die  ffebruarii  anno  regni  nostri  decimo-nono  de 
gracia  nostra  special!  concesserimus  et  licenciam  dederimus  pro 
nobis  et  heredibus  nostris,  quantum  in  nobis  fuit,  tune  Alder- 
manno,  Custodibus  seu  Scabinis  et  fratribus  fraternitatis  siue 
Gilde  mercatorie  sancte  Trinitatis  ville  Lenne  Episcopi  quod  ipsi 
et  successores  sui  terras  et  tenementa  ad  valorem  centum  librarum 
per  annum,  absque  aliquo  fine  ad  opus  nostrum  inde  reddendo 
tarn  illorum  que  de  nobis  tenentur  in  libero  Burgagio  quam  de 
aliis,  sibi  et  successoribus  suis  ad  opus  ffraternitatis  siue  Gilde 
mercatorie  predicte  adquirere  possent,'  etc.  The  document  goes 
on  to  say  that  they  may  receive  from  the  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  Thomas 
Scales  and  William  Goderede  a  mill  called  '  Scales-mylle ',  and 
from  Adam  Gerard  and  Henry  Wright  two  messuages  and  six 
acres  of  meadow-land. — (Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  26  Hen.  VI, 
pars  i,  mem.  9.) 

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 

*  Whereas  grete  variaunces,  strives,  debates,  discordes  and  dis- 
censions  haue  lately  bene  had,  fallen,  moued  and  stirred  betwene 
the  Mercers,  Drapers,  Bothemen  and  Spicers,  Burgesses  and  Mar- 
chauntes  of  the  Towne  of  Newcastell  vpon  Tyne,  on  the  oon 
partie,  and  the  Craftesmen,  Artificers  and  Burgesses  of  the  seid 
Towne,  on  the  other  partie,  as  well  for  and  concernyng  certeyn 
liberties  to  the  Burgesses  and  Comynalte  of  the  same  Towne  for 
the  tyme  beyng  graunted  by  the  kynges  moost  noble  progenitours 
by  their  lettres  patentes  and  the  vsages  of  the  same  and  the 
liberties  by  theym  and  their  predecessours  vsed,  the  tyme  wherof 
mannys  mynde  is  not  to  the  contrarie,  as  for  and  concernyng 
certayn  actes  of  Comen  Counsell  in  their  comen  guylde  by  theym 
and  their  predecessours  made,  ordeyned  and  prouyded  concern- 
yng the  same,  that  is  to  say  : — ffirst,  wheder  that  any  Burgesse  of 
the  seid  Towne  shuld  occupie  the  feate  of  byeng  and  sellyng  but 
oonly  for  their  familie  and  household,  and  not  to  be  sold  ageyne, 
other  then  the  seid  Marchauntes,  without  the  agrement  of  such  of 
the  felawship  of  the  seid  Marchauntes  that  any  such  Burgesse 


Supplementary  Proofs  anu  3|llustration0,   381 

wold  occupie  with ;  or  wheder  any  Burgesse  of  the  same  Towne  NEWCASTLE- 
shuld  occupie  the  crafte,  mystery  or  occupacion  of  any  other  crafte  u 
mystery  or  occupacion  in  the  seid  Towne  then  he  is  of,  without 
agrement  be  made  with  the  Wardeyns  or  Stewardes  of  that  other 
crafte,  mystery  or  occupacion  that  such  Burgesse  wold  so  occupie, 
— with  which  Craftymen  and  Artificers  haue  holden  and  kepte 
opinion  that  euery  Burgesse  of  the  seid  Towne  myght  laufully  vse 
and  occupie  euery  others  crafte,  mysterie  or  occupacion,  and  frely 
bye  and  selle  as  Marchauntes  without  any  such  agrement ;  the 
reuerse  and  contrarie  wherof  the  seid  Marchauntes  haue  holden 
and  kepte.  And  where  also  there  hath  ben  greate  variaunces  and 
contrarie  opinions  betwene  the  seid  parties  for  and  concernyng 
the  maner  of  the  eleccion  of  the  Maire,  Aldermen,  Shirif,  Cham- 
berlaynes  and  other  Officers  of  the  seid  Towne ;  and  also  con- 
trarie opinyons  haue  ben  had  and  holden  betwene  the  seid  parties 
wheder  eny  personne  shuld  be  made  free  of  the  same  Towne 
before  that  he  had  dwelled  there  by  the  space  of  a  yere ;  and  on 
this  the  seid  parties  haue  varied  also,  in  the  namyng  of  auditours 
for  heryng  and  takyng  of  accomptes  of  the  Officers  accomptable 
within  the  seid  Towne,  which  the  seid  Craftesmen  Artificers  wold 
haue  xxiiii.,  and  euery  oon  of  theym  takyng  for  their  laboures  and 
costes  at  the  charges  of  the  seid  Towne.  And  the  seid  Mer- 
chauntes  wold  haue  lesse  and  fewer  in  noumbre  to  be  auditours 
for  the  profet  of  the  same  Towne,  to  thentente  to  eschewe  the 
charges  that  the  Towne  shuld  bere  for  the  hauyng  of  so  many. 
Vpon  which  variaunces  and  contrarie  opynyons,  grete  commocions, 
vnlaufull  assembles,  confederacies,  embraceries,  conuenticles,  vn- 
laufull  promyses  and  diuisions  in  the  same  Towne  haue  ben  made 
and  had,  to  the  grete  trouble,  inquietnes  and  empoueresshement 
of  the  same  Towne,  and  like  to  be  the  vtter  destruccion  and  deso- 
lacion  of  the  same  Towne,  if  good  remedie  and  redresse  in 
brief  tyme  shuld  not  be  prouyded  and  purveied  in  that  behalf. 
Of  which  variaunces,  strives  and  debates  in  and  concernyng  the 
premisses  greuous  compleyntes  haue  been  by  billes  put  and  ex- 
hibited to  the  kinges  highnes  and  to  the  lordes  of  his  moost 
honorable  counsaill  by  either  partie  ayenst  other,  which  billes  of 


382 

NEWCASTLE-  compleynt  were  receyued  in  the  Sterre  chambre  .  . .  [The  names 
UPON-TYNE.  Qf  fae  members  of  the  Council  of  the  Star  Chamber  are  given.] 

The  seid  moost  honorable  counsaill  in  the  seid  Sterre  Chambre, 
callyng  to  theym  the  kynges  Justices  of  either  Benche  by  the 
kynges  moost  dredde  commaundement  to  theym  given  in  thad- 
uoydyng-of  alle  maner  of  doubtes,  questions  and  ambyguytees  that 
myght  ryse  or  growe  vpon  or  by  reason  of  the  same  lettres  patentes, 
vsages  or  actes  of  commen  guylde^  the  xviiith.  daye  of  Aprill  in  the 
A.D.  1516.  viith.  yere  of  the  reigne  of  oure  seid  soueraigne  lord  the  kyng,  haue 
ordeyned,  declared  and  adiugged  in  the  premisses,  by  the  expresse 
consent  and  assent  as  well  of  thoos  persones  that  were  auctorised 
and  had  auctoritie  to  pursue  for  the  Craftysmen,  Artificers  and 
Comens  of  the  same  Towne  and  by  thagrement  of  the  Counsaill 
lerned  for  the  same  Comynaltie  as  by  the  expresse  consent  and 
assent  of  the  seid  Merchauntes,  Bothemen,  Mercers,  Drapers 
and  Spicers,  and  by  the  agrement  of  their  counsell  lerned,  in 
maner  and  forme  folowyng,  that  is  to  seye  : — ffirst,  it  is  ordeigned, 
decreed  and  adiugged  by  the  seid  moost  honorable  counsell  that 
noon  of  thies  felawshippes  or  craftes  here  vnder  written,  named 
and  specified  shall  occupie  or  vse  the  craft,  mystery  or  occupacion 
of  Mercers,  Bothemen,  Drapers  or  Spicers,  or  of  any  of  theym,  or 
of  any  other  crafte,  mysterie  or  occupacion  in  the  seid  Towne,  but 
oonly  theire  owne  propre  craftes,  mysteries  or  occupacions  that 
they  be  of,  though  he  or  they  wold  agree  and  make  and  paye 
fynes  therfor  so  to  doo,  except  and  oonles  they  will  chaunge  and 
renounce  his  or  their  copies,  craftes  or  mysteries  that  they  be 
of,  and  to  be  of  the  same  crafte,  mysterie  or  occupacion  that 
they  will  desire  to  occupie,  within  which  case  they  that  so  will 
doo  shalbe  admitted  to  the  same,  payeng  such  fynes  after  the 
rate  of  their  goodes  as  hereafter  shalbe  declared,  that  is  to  sey, 
the  craftes  of  Colyers,  Shomakers,  Bouchers,  Weuers,  Smythes, 
Dawbers,  Porters,  Kelemen,  Sclatters,  Tylers,  Millers,  Cokes, 
Spurryers,  Barbours,  Wrightys,  ffurbysshours,  Bowyers,  fHetchers, 
Glovers,  Cowpers,  Girdelers,  Chalon-weuers,  Masons,  Sadelers, 
Ship-wrightes  and  Wallers  ....  [Burgesses  not  having  goods  and 
chattels  of  the  value  of  £10  can  occupy  no  craft  but  their  own; 


Supplementary  proofs  ann  3[llustrations*  383 

those  having  goods  and  chattels  of  the  value  of  £10  may  occupy  NEWCASTLE- 


one  other  craft  besides  their  own,  by  paying  los.  to  the  Chamber-  ^ 
lains  of  the  town,  except  the  crafts  before  excepted ;  those  having 
goods  and  chattels  of  the  value  of  from  £40  to  100  marks  to  pay 
2os. ;  those  worth  more  than  100  marks  to  pay  26s.  8d.  The 
value  of  the  property  of  a  person  thus  desiring  to  occupy  another 
craft  is  to  be  estimated  by  four  of  his  own  craft  duly  sworn  before 
the  Mayor.] 

And,  furthermore,  it  is  decreed,  ordeyned  and  adiuged  by  the 
seid  moost  honorable  Counsaill  for  and  concernyng  the  ordre 
of  the  eleccion  of  the  Maire,  Aldermen,  Shirief,  Chamberlaynes 
and  other  Officers  of  the  same  Towne  in  maner  and  forme 
folowying :  ffirst,  at  their  auncient  eleccion-day  after  the  assemble 
of  the  xii.  felawshippes  or  craftes  folowyng,  that  is  to  saye,  Drapers, 
Mercers,  Skynners,  Taillours,  Sadelers,  Merchauntes  of  corne  called 
Bothemen,  Bakers,  Tanners,  Cordwainers,  Bouchers,  Smythes  and 
ffulers,  that  euery  of  the  same  craftes  and  felawshippes  name 
and  present  two  moost  proued  men  and  moost  discrete  of  theym- 
self  to  the  Maire  and  his  brethern,  which  shalbe  xxiiii.  in  nombre, 
which  xxiiii.  so  named  and  presented,  as  before  seid,  then  shalbe 
sworne  vpon  a  boke  before  the  seid  Maire  and  his  bredern  and 
the  seid  craftes  and  felawshippes  that  they  shall  electe,  chose  and 
name  iiii.  Burgesses  to  their  knowledge  moost  best,  most  feith- 
full  and  proued  men  of  such  Burgesses  as  hath  been  both  Maires 
and  Aldermen  of  the  seid  Towne,  which  foure  so  elected,  chosen 
and  named  shalbe  in  like  wise  sworne  to  electe,  name  and  chose 
to  be  comoyned  with  theym  viii.  Burgesses  of  the  same  Towne  to 
their  knowlege  moost  honest,  most  faithfull  and  moost  proued 
men,  Burgesses,  of  such  as  haue  ben  Maires,  Aldermen  or  Shiriefis, 
Burgesses  of  the  same  Towne,  to  electe,  chose  and  name  other 
xii.  Burgesses  of  the  same  Towne,  moost  feithfull  and  proued  men 
of  all  the  residue  of  the  seid  Burgesses  of  the  seid  Towne  to 
be  comoyned  with  the  seid  iiii.  and  viii.  for  the  eleccion  of  the 
seid  Officers,  which  viii.  so  electe,  chosen  and  named  by  the  seid 
iiii.  sworne  shalbe  also  sworne  vpon  a  boke  in  like  wise  that  they 
with  the  other  iiii.  with  whom  they  shalbe  comoyned  shall  electe, 


384  Cfie  <StlD  egjerclmnt. 

NEWCASTLE-  chose  and  name  other  xii.  Burgesses  of  the  same  Towne  to  their 
UPON-TYNE.  knowiege  moost  faithfull  and  proued  men  of  all  the  residue  and 
of  all  the  seid  Burgesses  of  the  seid  Towne  to  be  comoyned  with 
the  seid  xii.,  which  then  shall  be  xxiiii.  in  nombre,  which  xxiiii*1. 
shalbe  sworne  toguyder  vpon  a  boke  that  they  without  any 
parcialite  shall  electe  and  chose  able  and  sufficient  personnes, 
Burgesses  of  the  same  Towne,  oon  for  to  be  maire  of  the  seid 
Towne  for  the  yere  folowyng  and  vi.  for  Aldremen,  oon  for  Re- 
corder, oon  for  Shirief,  viii.  for  Chamberlaynes,  and  two  for 
Coroners,  and  oon  for  Swerdberer,  oon  for  the  Comen  Clerke 
of  the  Town  Chambre,  and  other  viii.  for  Sergeauntes  at 
mace,  any  opinions,  lettres  patentes,  writinges,  vsages  or  other 
thinges  hertofore  had  or  made  or  vsed  to  the  contrarie  not  with- 
stondyng l. 

Also  it  is  further  decreed,  ordeyned  and  adiuged  by  the  seid 
Counseill  that  no  personne,  of  what  condicion,  astate  or  degree 
he  be  of,  shalbe  made  free  Burgesse  of  the  seid  Towne,  before 
that  he  haue  inhabited  or  dwelled  by  the  space  of  a  yere  in  the 
same  Towne,  to  thentent  and  purpose  that  his  conuersacion  and 
behauyour  may  be  the  better  knowen ;  nor  any  Gentilman  or 
lordes  seruaunt  be  made  Burgesse  of  the  same,  though  he  haue 
dwelled  by  the  space  of  a  yere  in  the  same  Towne,  oonles  that  he 
haue  serued  as  a  Prentice  by  the  space  of  vii.  yeres  in  any  crafte, 
mysterie  or  occupacion  of  the  same  Towne.  And  that  euery 
man  that  shalbe  made  free  Burgesse  of  the  same  Towne  at  the 
tyme  when  he  shalbe  admitted  to  his  fredome  shalbe  sworne  vpon 
a  boke  that  he  shall  not  be  reteyned  ne  were  any  lyuery  or  token 
of  or  with  any  lord,  Gentilman  or  any  other  personne  foreyn,  not 
being  Burgesse  of  the  same  Towne. 

And,  furthermore,  it  is  ordeyned,  declared  and  adiuged  by  the 
seid  moost  honorable  Counsell  that  xxiiii.  Auditors  shalbe  ap- 
poynted  yerely  and  chosen  by  the  seid  xii.  craftes  before  named 

1  For  further  details  concerning  the  participation  of  the  crafts  in  the  govern- 
ment of  the  town,  see  Brand,  Hist,  of  Newc.,  ii.  157-158,  162,  178,  181-182, 
186-189  J  J-  F.  Gibson,  Newc.  Improvement  Acts,  pp.  xxix-1;  Munic.  Corp. 
Com.  1835,  pp.  1634-1641. 


®tipplementarp  proofs  anD  3Hlu$trations,   385 


for  to  take  and  here  the  accomptes  of  all  Officers  of  the  seid  NEWCASTLE- 
Towne  accomptable,  and  that  they  shall  haue  no  money  nor  UP°N-TYNE- 
rewarde  of  the  Towne  for  their  labours  in  that  behalf  susteyned.' 

All  these  judgments  and  ordinances  are  to  be  firmly  observed 
on  pain  of  imprisonment  and  forfeiture  of  £40  for  each  offence. 
They  are  to  be  exemplified  under  the  great  seal  and  proclaimed 
in  the  town.  The  king  graciously  pardons  the  grievous  offences 
committed  by  the  burgesses.  Done  and  decreed  in  the  Star 
Chamber,  May  2nd,  8  Henry  VIII.  To  this  decree  are  affixed  A.D.  1516. 
the  names  of  various  members  of  the  king's  council  and  the  legal 
representatives  of  both  parties.  '  Teste  Rege  apud  Westmonas- 
terium  quinto  die  Maii.'  —  (Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  8  Hen.  VIII, 
pars  i,  mem.  15-16.) 

The  licence  of  2  1  Henry  VII  to  the  governors  and  community 
of  the  Merchant  Gild,  or  Society  of  Merchants  (see  above,  p.  185), 
was  again  granted  in  i  Edward  VI  to  the  same  body  under  the  A.D.  1547. 
name  of  the  governor,  wardens,  assistants  and  Society  of  Mer- 
chant Venturers  of  Newcastle,  which  appears  to  have  been  made 
up  of  three  members,  the  mercers,  drapers  and  boothmen.  — 
(Brand,  Newcastle,  ii.  314,  316,  647-654  *.) 

NEWTON  (IN  SOUTH  WALES). 

1  Edwardus  illustris  Regis  Anglie  Primogenitus,  Princeps  Aqui-  De  Confirma- 

.  .  clone 

tanie  et  Wallie,  Dux  Cornubie  et  Comes  Cestrie,  Omnibus  ad  quos 

presentes  littere  peruenerint  salutem.  Sciatis  quod  de  gracia 
nostra  speciali  et  per  finem  decem  marcarum  concessimus  dilectis 
et  fidelibus  nostris  hominibus  et  gentibus  Anglicis  in  villa  nostra 
de  Neweton'  in  Suthwallia  commorantibus  quod  predicta  villa  de 
Neweton'  decetero  pro  burgo  libero  habeatur,  et  quod  omnes 
Anglici  terras  et  tenementa  die  confeccionis  presencium  tenentes 
in  eadem  villa  et  eorum  heredes  et  successores  fiant  decetero  et 
habeantur  liberi  Burgenses,  per  totas  terras  et  potestates  nostras 
de  tolneto,  passagio,  pauagio,  pontagio,  picagio  et  omnimodis  aliis 

1  Various  similar  grants  were  made  before  and  after  2  1  Henry  VII,  —  Brand, 
ii.  222-228,  655-657. 

c  c 


386  Cf)e  ®ilD  sgjerclmnt 

NEWTON,  custumis  totaliter  quieti.  Et  quod  habeant  Gildam  mercatoriam 
cum  hansa  de  omnibus  Anglicis  in  eadem  villa  residentibus.  Et 
quod  ipsi,  heredes  et  successores  sui  Anglici  ibi  habeant  duas 
ferias  quolibet  anno,  vnam  videlicet  in  vigilia,  die  et  crastino 
Natiuitatis  beate  Marie,  et  alteram  in  vigilia,  die  et  crastino  Sancti 
Luce  euangeliste  durantes.  Et  vnum  mercatum  qualibet  septi- 
mana  die  Mercurii ;  tolnetis,  custumis  et  omnimodis  aliis  proficuis 
et  commodis  de  eisdem  feriis  et  mercato  prouenientibus  plene  et 
totaliter  nobis  reseruatis.  Et  quod  de  eleccione  sua  propria 
eligant  et  habeant  balliuos  Anglicos  capientes  in  eodem  officio 
feodum  annuatim  quod  alii  balliui  ante  datam  presencium 
racionabiliter  receperunt.  Quare  volumus  ....  Data  apud 
Kermerdyn  primo  die  Junii  anno  regni  carissimi  patris  nostri  et 
A.D.1363.  domini,  domini  Edwardi  Regis  Anglic  tercii  post  conquestum 
tricesimo  septimo,  et  Principatus  nostri  Wallie  vicesimo  primo. — 
(Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  18  Rich.  II,  pars  i,  mem.  9.) 

OXFOKD. 

A  grant  of  Henry  II  contains  the  following  clauses  : — '  Sciatis 
me  concessisse  et  confirmasse  Ciuibus  meis  de  Oxenford  omnes 
libertates  et  consuetudines,  leges  et  quietancias  suas  quas  habue- 
runt  tempore  Regis  Henrici,  aui  mei,  nominatim  Gildam  suam 
mercatoriam  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  consuetudinibus  suis 
in  terris  et  insulis,  pasturis  et  aliis  pertinenciis  suis,  ita  quod 
aliquis  qui  non  sit  de  Gilda  ilia  aliquam  mercaturam  non  faciat  in 
Ciuitate  vel  in  suburbiis,  nisi  sicut  solebat  tempore  Regis  Henrici, 
aui  mei  \  Preterea  concessi  et  confirmaui  eis  quod  sint  quieti  de 
theolonio  et  passagio  et  omni  consuetudine  per  totam  Angliam  et 
Normanniam,  per  terram  et  aquam  et  per  ripam  maris,  biland  et 
bistrand;  et  habeant  omnes  alias  consuetudines  et  libertates  et 
leges  suas  quas  habent  communes  cum  Ciuibus  meis  London' ;  et 
quod  ad  festum  meum  michi  seruiant  cum  illis  de  Buteillaria  mea ; 
et  faciant  communiter  cum  eis  mercaturam  suam  infra  London'  et 
extra  et  in  omnibus  locis ;  et  si  dubitauerint  vel  contenderint  de 

1  MS.  'nostri.' 


Proofs  ann  3|llu0ttattons.   387 

iudicio  aliquo  quod  facere  debeant,  de  hoc  London'  mittant  OXFORD. 
Nuncios  suos,  et  quod  Londoniens[es]  inde  adiudicabunt  firmum 
et  ratum  habeant ;  et  extra  Ciuitatem  Oxenforde  non  placitent 
de  aliquo  vnde  calumpniati  sint,  set  de  quocumque  in  placitis 
ponentur,  se  disracionabunt  secundum  leges  et  consuetudines 
Ciuium  London',  et  non  aliter,  quia  ipsi  et  Ciues  London'  sint  de 
vna  et  eadem  consuetudine  et  lege  et  libertate.  Quare  volo,'  etc. 
—(Record  Office,  Confirmation  Roll  7  Eliz.,  pars  i,  mem.  2  *.) 

PETERSFIELD. 

1  Sciant  praesentes  et  futuri  quod  ego  Hawisa  comitissa  Gloe- 
cestrie  concessi  et  confirmavi  burgensibus  meis  de  Peteresfield  qui 
in  burgo  de  Peteresfield  edificaverunt  et  manent,  quique  in  illo 
edificabunt,  omnes  libertates  et  liberas  consuetudines  in  eodem 
burgo  quas  cives  Wintonie  habent  in  civitate  sua  qui  sunt  in  gilda 
mercatorum,  et  easdem  habeant  in  gilda  mercatorum  de  Peters- 
field  [sicut  maritus]  meus,  Willielmus  comes  Gloecestrie 2,  eis  per 
cartam  suam  concessit.  Hiis  testibus,'  etc. 3 — (Atcheson,  Case  of 
Peter sfield,  202.) 

BOCHESTEB. 

Henry  III  granted  the  fee-farm  of  the  town  to  the  burgesses,  and 
added  the  privilege  of  having  the  Gild  Merchant : — '  et  quod 
habeant  Gildam  mercatoriam  cum  hansa  et  aliis  libertatibus  et 
consuetudinibus  ad  Gildam  illam  pertinentibus.  Ita  quod  nullus 
Vicecomes  Kancie  in  aliquo  se  intromittat  super  eos  de  aliquo 
placito  uel  querela  uel  occasione,  saluis  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris 
imperpetuum  placitis  corone  nostre,  que  attachiari  debeant  per 
eosdem  Ciues  nostros  usque  aduentum  Justiciariorum  nostro-  A.D.  1227. 
rum.' — (Record  Office,  Charter  Roll  12  Henry  III,  mem.  n.) 

The  above  was  confirmed  by  Henry  III,  Richard  II  and 
various  other  kings. — (Rep.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  pp.  286-287  > 
Record  Office,  Confirmation  Roll  i  Edw.  VI,  pars  2,  mem.  i.) 

1  Cf.  J.  Peshall,  Oxford,  339;  Boase,  Oxford,  33-36.. 
*  Died  1173.  3  The  charter  is  not  dated. 

C  C  2 


iin  flgjercfwnt 

ROCHESTER.  In  6  Edward  II  the  burgesses  of  Rochester  claimed  to  have, 
among  other  liberties,  a  Gild  Merchant  with  a  hanse. — (Addit. 
MS.,  Mus.  Brit.,  24797,  fol.  138.) 


SCARE  OBOTJGH. 

A.D.  1253.  A  royal  charter  of  37  Henry  III  states  that  former  kings  of 
England  had  granted  to  the  burgesses  of  Scarborough  the  liberties 
of  York.  To  give  greater  security  to  the  said  grants,  those  liber- 
ties are  now  specified.  The  burgesses  are  to  be  quit  of  toll, 
lastage  and  other  customs  throughout  the  King's  dominions  -,  to 
levy  distress  for  debts  due  them;  to  defend  themselves  in  all 
appeals  by  the  oaths  of  thirty-six  burgesses  ;  to  hold  the  town  at 
fee-farm,  paying  £66  annually.  'Concedimus  eciam  et  confirma- 
uimus  eisdem  Burgensibus  omnes  libertates,  leges  et  consuetudines 
suas,  et  nominatim  Gildam  suam  mercatoriam  et  hansas  suas  in 
Anglia  et  Normannia,  et  lastagia  sua  per  totam  costam  maris 
.quieta ;  et  quod  predictas  leges  et  consuetudines  habeant  et  teneant 
cum  omnibus  libertatibus  predicte  Gilde  sue  et  hansis  suis  per- 
tinentibus.' 

This  charter  was  confirmed  by  grants  of  5  Edward  II,  22  Edward 
III  and  i  Richard  II.— (Record  Office,  Patent  Roll  i  Richard  II, 
pars  2,  mem.  13-14.) 

WEARMOTJTH  (i.e.  STJNDEBLAND). 

A.D.1247.  'Rex  Archiepiscopis,  etc.  salutem.  Sciatis  nos  concessisse  et 
hac  carta  nostra  confirmasse,  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris,  Bur- 
gensibus nostris  Noui  Burgi  de  Warnemuth  quod  ipsi  et  heredes 
sui  habeant  omnes  easdem  libertates  et  liberas  consuetudines 
quas  Burgenses  nostri  de  Nouo  Castro  super  Tinam  habent  per 
cartam  domini  Johannis  Regis,  patris  nostri,  videlicet  quod  nullus 
eorum  per  aliquem  distringatur  extra  eundem  Burgum,'  etc.  The 
clauses  relating  to  the  Gild  Merchant  are  the  same  as  those  given 
above  on  page  183. — (Record  Office,  Charter  Roll  $\  Henry  III, 
mem.  7;  Summers,  SunderL,  i.  231-235). 


Supplementary  Proofs  ano  ^Illustrations*  389 


WELSHPOOL.  WELSHPOOL 

'  Et  ne  aliquis  ballivus  noster  in  dictis  burgensibus  meis  et 
eorum  heredibus  contra  libertates  et  consuetudines  legis  britannie 
manum  imposuerit,  quas  eisdem  burgensibus  et  eorum  heredibus 
quiete  concessi,  quod  habeant  et  teneant  predictam  legem  britan- 
niam  tarn  liberam  et  integram  ut  cives  Herfordie  tenent  in 
omnibus  consuetudinibus  ad  [dictam  legem]  spectantibus.  Ita 
quod  ne  aliquis  aliquam  faciat  mercandizam  in  prefato  burgo, 
nisi  sit  de  dicta  lege  vel  per  voluntatem  predictorum  burgensium. 
Concessi  etiam  pro  me  et  heredibus  meis  quod  predicti  burgenses 
gildam  habeant  mercandizandi  cum  hamso  [i.  e.  hansa]  et  cum 
assisa  panis  ac  servicie  et  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  ad  dictam 
gildam  spectantibus.  Ita  quod  si  aliquis  nativus  extraneus  veniat 
in  prefato  burgo  et  terram  [teneat  et  sit  in  scott  et  in  lott]  cum 
prefatis  burgensibus  per  unum  annum  et  unum  diem,  liber  ibidem 
maneat,  et  nunquam  domino  suo  liberetur.'  The  above  is  from  a 
charter  of  Gruffuth,  son  of  Gwenwynwyn,  Lord  of  Cyveiliog,  who 
died  circa  1286.  This  was  confirmed  by  Edward  de  Charleton  in 
1406,  who  likewise  granted  inter  alia:  'quod  nulli  forinseci  manu- 
agentur  nee  aliquas  mercandizas  faciant  aut  utantur  infra  villam 
et  libertates  predictas  seu  infra  metas  libertatis  predicte  absque 
licentia  predictorum  nostrorum  burgensium,  heredum  vel  succes- 
sorum  suorum.' — (Powysland  Club,  Collections,  1868,  vol.  i.  pp. 
302-307.) 

WILTON. 

The  grant  of  Henry  I  (above,  p.  251)  was  confirmed  by  royal 
letters  patent  of  13  Henry  III,  2  Edward  III,  5  Richard  II, 
i  Henry  IV,  i  Henry  V  and  n  Henry  VI. — (Salisbury  and 
Winchester  Journal,  June  Qth,  1883.) 

'  Omnibus  balliuis  et  ministris  domini  Regis  et  aliis  quibus-  Wilton, 
cumque,  tarn  infra  libertates   quam   extra   per  totum   Regnum 
Anglie  et  ad  portus  maris,  ac  eciam  omnibus  aliis  Christi  fide- 
libus  ad  quorum  noticiam  hac  scriptura  peruenerit,  Maior  Burgi 
de  Wilton  et  omnes  burgenses  eiusdem  Burgi  cum  Communitate 


390  C6e  0ilt)  agercfmnt, 

WILTON.  Burgi  predict!  salutem  in  domino  sempiternam.  Nouerint  vniuer- 
sitas  vestra  quod,  cum  Henricus  dei  gracia  Rex  Anglic  et  alii 
progenitores  domini  Regis  qui  nunc  est  dederunt  et  concesserunt 
nobis,  predictis  Maiori  et  Burgensibus  Gilde  Mercatorie  burgi 
predicti,  et  successoribus  nostris  per  cartas  suas  imperpetuum 
quod  sumus  quieti  de  omni  theoloneo,  passagio,  pauagio,  pon- 
tagio,  muragio,  britholt,  childwite,  yaregiue,  keuerage  et  scotale, 
ac  eciam  adeo  liberi  prout  Ciues  London'  vel  Ciues  Winton'  sunt, 
qui  melius  et  liberius  existunt ;  Et  ne  quis  nobis  iniuriam  vel  con- 
tumeliam  faceret  sub  forisfactura  decem  librarum  ;  Et  quibus 
eciam  libertatibus  nos  et  antecessores  nostri  a  tempore  quo  non 
extat  memoria  vsi  sumus  et  gauisi ; — Quare  vobis  testamur  quod 
Johannes  Gardin',  alias  dictus  Pese,  est  Burgensis  et  Congildanus 
Gilde  Mercatorie  Burgi  predicti.  Quapropter  vobis  supplicamus 
et  rogamus  quod  cum  idem  Johannes  ad  vos  cum  mercandisis 
suis  propriis  vendendis  vel  emendis  peruenerit,  quatinus  ipsum 
quietum  et  absolutum  ab  omnia  (sic)  theolonio,  passagio,  pauagio, 
pontagio,  muragio,  britholt,  childwite,  yaregiue,  keueragie  et 
scotale  in  forma  predicta  indempne  abire  permittatis.  Et  si  vos 
vel  vestra  in  casu  consimili  ad  nos  venire  velitis,  libertatibus 
vestris  vti  et  gaudere  permittemus.  In  cuius  rei  testimonium  has 
litteras  nostras  sigillo  nostro  communi  vna  cum  sigillo  maioratus 
Burgi  pr.edicti  nostro  communi  assensu  consignauimus  ac  eciam 
eidem  Johanni  fieri  fecimus  patentes.  Data  apud  Wilton  pre- 
dicto  die  Luna  proxima  post  festum  Exaltacionis  Sancte  Crucis 
A.D.  1442.  anno  regni  Regis  Henrici  Sixti  post  Conquestum  vicesimo  primo.' 
— (Bristol  Council-House,  Little  Red  Book,  fol.  203  b.) 

WINCHES  TEB. 

'Ad  communem  conuocacionem  et  ad  communem  Curiam 
Ciuitatis  Wyntonie  tentam  in  communi  Aula  vocata  le  yeldehalle, 
A.D.  1467.  die  Mercuric  xxviii.  die  mensis  Januarii  Anno  regni  regis  Edwardi 
IIIIti.  post  conquestum  Anglie  Sexto,  coram  Roberto  Berel, 
Maiore  Ciuitatis  predicte  ....  [59  names  follow  arranged  in  four 
columns]. 

Et  cognouerunt  Antedictam   Recognicionem  inter  Johannem 


@upplementarg  proofs  ano  illustrations*   391 

Kent  et  Johannem  Galley 1  in  omnibus  esse  veram ;   ideo  dies  WINCHESTER. 

datus  est  eidem  Johanni  Kent  quod  sit  coram  prefato  Maiore  et 

„,     .  Tempore 

sociis  suis  ad  proximam  Curiam  vel  ad  secundam  Curiam  commu-  Robert!  Berel, 

nem  tentam  in  supradicta  Aula  vocata  le  yeldehalle,  ad  responden-  Malons- 
dum  quare  non  forisfecit  penam  antedictam  xx.  //.  ad  vsum  dicte 
Ciuitatis  leuandam. 

Notandum  est  eidem  R.  Berel,  Maiori  Ciuitatis  Wyntonie  predicte, 
comparibus  eiusdem  Ciuitatis  et  Communitatibus  dicte  Ciuitatis 
quod  ad  Conuocacionem  communem  habitam  et  tentam  apud 
Wyntoniam  die  Martis  proxima  post  festum  Decollacionis  Sancti 
Johannis  Baptiste  Anno  regni  regis  Henrici  quarti  post  conques-  A.D.  1407. 
turn  Anglie  octauo,  pro  communi  vtilitate  et  honestate  eiusdem 
Ciuitatis  commorantem,  per  Maiorem  et  pares  suos  necnon  Com- 
munitatem    eiusdem   Ciuitatis   concordatum    et   ordinatum   est, 
secundum  tenorem  carte  nostre  domini  Regis  Ciuitatis  predicte, 
quod  nullus  Ciuis2  qui  fuerit  in  Gyldam  Mercatoriam  placitet  extra 
Curiam  eiusdem  Ciuitatis  in  vllo  placito  preter  placita  de  tenuris 
exterioribus  exceptis  Monetariis  et  ministris  nostris,  sub  pena  per- 
dicionis  aut  forisfacture  libertatem  suam.     Et  quia  notandum  est 
eisdem  Maiori,  comparibus  ac  Communitatibus  eiusdem  Ciuitatis 
[et]  compertum  est  quod  Johannes  Kente,  Ciuis2  Ciuitatis  pre- 
dicte, contra  consuetudinem  et  predictam  ordinacionem  implaci- 
tauit  Johannem  Galley,    conciuem   Ciuitatis  predicte,    in   Curia 
domini  Regis  apud  Westmonasterium  de  placito  decepcionis,  ac 
eciam  propter  diuersas  discordes  et  discenciones  et  diuersas  fabulas 
per  predictum  Johannem  Kent,  Ciuem  dicte  Ciuitatis,  inter  Mag- 
nates patrie  et  Maiorem  et  Communitatem  dicte  Ciuitatis  factas  in 
sectis  et  querelis  contra  iuramentum  suum; — ideo  consideratum 
est  per  dictum  Maiorem  et  communitates  eiusdem  Ciuitatis  quod 
idem  Johannes  Kent  sit  expulsus  et  adiudicatus  et  plene  absolutus 
a  ffranchicia  et  libertate  sua.    Et  quod  nullus  imposterum  amittatur 
nee  recipiatur  eum  pro  Give,  nee  inter  Ciues  intermitteret,  [nee] 
gaudebit  libertatem  predictam  infra  regnum  Anglie  donee,  etc.' — 
(Black  Book  of  Winchester,  fol.  36.) 

1  They  had  agreed  to  refer  certain  differences  between  them  to  arbitration. 
8  MS.  '  Gives.' 


392  Cfte 


WOODSTOCK.  WOODSTOCK. 

1  Quod  dicta  villa  nostra  de  Noua  Wodestoke  deinceps  liber 
Burgus  sit,  et  quod  tenentes,  residentes  et  inhabitantes  eiusdem  et 
eorum  heredes  et  successores  liberi  Burgenses  sint,  et  Gildam 
mercatoriam  habeant,  et  eisdem  libertatibus  et  liberis  consuetudi- 
nibus  vtantur  in  eodem  Burgo  quibus  Burgenses  ville  nostre  de 
Noua  Windesore  ante  hec  tempora  racionabiliter  vsi  sunt  et 
gauisi.  Ac  eciam  concessimus  et  per  presentes  concedimus,  pro 
nobis  et  heredibus  nostris,  quod  ipsi  decetero  sint  in  re  et  nomine 
vnum  corpus  et  vna  communitas  perpetua  corporata,'  etc.  The 
A.D.  1453.  above  is  extracted  from  a  royal  grant  of  31  Henry  VI,  which  was 
confirmed  by  Edward  IV  and  Henry  VII. — (Record  Office,  Con- 
firmation Roll  3  Henry  VII,  pars  i,  No.  61.) 


YABMOTJTH,  GREAT. 

The  following  note  is  extracted  from  Assembly  Book  A  of 
Yarmouth  :— 

A.D.  1551.  21  April,  5  Edward  VI.  '  Memorandum  :   That  ther  remayneth 

certeyn  money  in  the  hands  of  the  Heyners  of  Trynytie  Gyld, 
whose  names  be  these,  William  Heylat,  John  Barret  and  Thomas 
Nycolson.'— (Hist.  MSS.  Com.  1883,  p.  314.) 

1  Cf.  Marshall,  Early  Hist,  of  Woodstock,  128-129. 


GLOSSARY. 


THIS  Glossary  does  not  necessarily  include  old  French  and  English  words 
differing  only  slightly  in  form  or  spelling  from  the  corresponding  modern  words. 
An  asterisk  is  placed  before  Latin  words  that  are  not  to  be  found,  or  are  not  fully 
explained,  in  Du  Cange's  Glossarium.  All  words  used  as  French  in  the  text  are 
marked  Fr.  Abbreviated  titles  of  works  cited  are  explained  in  the  list  of 
Authorities,  printed  in  vol.  i. 


Abcariare,  ii.  286.  To  carry  away  from 

a  place. 

Abjurare,  ii.  129.     To  abjure,  reject. 
*Abreviamentum,   ii.    281.     Diminu- 
tion. 
Abrokur,  Brokur,  ii.  226,   230.     Fr. 

A  broker. 
Accomodare,  Acomodare,  ii.  8,  29, 

115,  139,  for  commodare.     To  lend  ; 

accomodare  debitum,  to  incur  a  debt. 
Accomodator,  ii.   139.    A  lender  of 

money. 
Aconvenu,  ii.  140.     Fr.    Covenanted, 

agreed  upon. 
Acquietare,  ii.  174,  237.     To  acquit, 

to  exempt  from. 

Actenus,  i.  275  =  hactenus.    Thus  far. 
Adunare,  i.  291.     To  assemble. 
Adunke,  ii.  157.     Fr.     Then. 
Advocatus,  i.   295.     Chamberlain   or 

treasurer  (?). 
*Adwunculus,  ii.  7,  35 1  —  avunculus. 

Uncle. 
Aferaunt,  ii.  140.     Fr.     Share,  quota, 

proportion.     (Godefroy,  ferant.) 
Affidare,  ii.  174,  303,  307.     To  pro- 
mise or  pledge  ;  to  prove. 
*Affirmare,    ii.    328.        To    support, 

strengthen. 
Afforsatus,  ii.  179.    Perhaps  the  same 

as  afforciatus,  pure,  unmixed.     (Du 

C.,  afforciatus.) 
Aketon,  ii.  322.     Gambison,  defensive 

doublet  worn  under  a  coat  of  mail. 


Al,  ii.  157.     Fr.  a  le  or  a  la.     To  the. 

Aldermannia,  *Aldremanria,  ii.  168, 
341.  An  aldermanry. 

Alderneman,  ii.  14 ;  Aldreman,  ii. 
13  ;  Aldyrman,  ii.  196  ;  Aldirman- 
nus,  i.  228,  236  ;  Aldremannus,  ii. 
192.  Alderman. 

Alegere,  ii.  71.     Engl.     Allowed  (?). 

Alever,  ii.  229.     Fr.     To  lift. 

Alient,  Alliant,  Auliant,  ii.  71.  Engl. 
An  alien. 

Alimeine,  ii.  157.  Fr.  At  the  least. 

Alimete,  ii.  263.  Engl.  To  assign  or 
limit. 

Allec,  i.  233,  237 ;  ii.  43,  182.  Her- 
ring. 

Allenarly,  i.  220.     Only. 

Allocare,  ii.  94,  96.  To  allow  (in  an 
account). 

*Allocatio,  ii.  94,  96.  Allowance. 
(Du  C.,  allocantia  and  allocare.) 

Allutarius,  i.  115.  Cobbler,  shoe- 
maker, or  tawyer.  (Wright,  i.  685.) 

Almeyns,  ii.  223.  Fr.  au  moins.  At 
least. 

Aloer,  ii.  229.  Fr.  To  place.  (Bur- 
guy,  loier.) 

Alower,  ii.  222.    Fr.    To  rent,  to  hire. 

Alterare,  ii.  88.     To  alter. 

Amaundement,  ii.  158.  Fr.  Profit. 
(Cf.  Godefroy,  amendir.) 

Ambe,  ii.  141.     Fr.     Both. 

Amereiamentum,  i.  146,  239.  Amerce- 
ment, fine. 


394 


Amerciare,  ii.  100.      To  amerce,  fine. 

Amercier,  ii.  222.     Fr.    To  amerce. 

Amercy,  i.  133.     To  amerce  or  fine. 

*Amittere,  ii.  391  =admittere.  (Cf. 
Du  C.,  admittere.)  To  admit. 

Amministrare,  i.  276  =  administrare. 
To  administer. 

Ampullosus,  i.  27.  Disdainful,  pomp- 
ous. 

Anca,  ii.  99,  ioo  =  auca.     Goose. 

Anchoragium,  i.  195.  Anchorage 
dues. 

Andegavia,  ii.  41.     Anjou. 

Andewra,  Andeura,  Andever,  i.  9  ; 
ii.  3.  Andover. 

Ansum,  Ansa,  i.  195, 197,  293  ;  ii.  137. 
Hanse. 

Apendre,  ii.  222.     Fr.     To  belong. 

Appellare,  i.  277.     To  appeal. 

*Appensio,  i.  293.  The  act  of  append- 
ing, e.g.  a  seal  to  a  document. 

*Appenticium,  ii.  44.  Penthouse,  or 
pentice. 

*Apprenticiagium,  ii.  259.  Appren- 
ticeship. 

Apprenticius,  ii.  259.    An  apprentice. 

Apprester,  ii.  50.     Fr.     To  lend. 

Appunctuare,  ii.  88.  To  appoint,  to 
determine. 

Arang,  Arange,  Araunk,  Ayrange, 
ii.  218,  231.  Fr.  Herring.  (Cf. 
Hohlbaum,  Urk.,  iii.  538,  arinc : 
Roquefort,  arenc.)  Sel  de  arang 
seems  to  mean  herring  salt. 

Arere,  ii.  255.  Engl.  To  raise. 
(Wright,  i.  615  ;  Murray,  arear.) 

Arere,  ii.  157.  Fr.  en  arriere.  In 
arrears.  (Roquefort.) 

Arestare,  ii.  300.     To  arrest. 

Armiger,  ii.  208.     An  esquire. 

Arrentare,  ii.  39.  To  rent,  to  let  out 
at  a  rent. 

Arreragium,  Ariragium,  ii.  -290, 
309.  Arrears.  (Du  C.,  arriragium.) 

Artificium,  ii.  189.  Goods  made  by 
craftsmen. 

As,  Al,  ii   204,  216.   Fr.  a  les.    To  the. 

Asaer,  ii.  141.  Fr.  asaier.  To  assay, 
try,  examine.  (Cf.  Burguy,  essai.) 

Aser,  Asser,  ii.  141,  255.  Fr.  To 
assess,  to  tax.  (Godefroy,  asseoir.) 


Ash-burner,  ii.  209.  One  who  burns 
kelp  for  the  preparation  of  potash  (?). 

Aspyje,  ii.  255.     To  seek,  spy  out. 

Assaia,  ii.  364.  An  assay  or  examina- 
tion. 

Asser,  ii.  255.     See  Aser. 

Assetz,  ii.  205.  Fr.  Enough,  satisfaction. 

Assidere,  Assedere,  i.  56,  294.  To 
assess. 

Assigne,  ii.  141.  Fr.  An  assign,  a 
person  to  whom  property  is  con- 
veyed. 

Assisa,  Assisia,  i.  55,  293;  ii.  146,  191, 
192,  211,  212,  378.  Assessment; 
mode  of  trial  by  jurors  (i.  263)  ;  the 
fixing  or  regulation  of  the  price  of 
bread,  ale,  etc.  (ii.  38,  238,  364). 

*Assisus,  ii.  40.     Fixed,  accustomed. 

Assoiler,  ii.  49.  Fr.  To  assoil,  ab- 
solve. 

*Assumptus,  ii.  33O  =  sumptus.  Ex- 
penses. 

Atacher,  ii.  206,  224.  Fr.  To  attach, 
to  arrest. 

Attachiare,  ii.  147,  387.  To  attach, 
to  take  by  legal  authority. 

Atteynt,  Ateint,  Ataint,  ii.  204,  205, 
216,  226.  Fr.  Convicted. 

Attinctus,  ii.  318.     Convicted. 

Attornatus,  ii.  184.  An  attorney, 
authorised  agent. 

*Auctorizare,  ii.  30.  To  authorise,  to 
clothe  with  authority. 

Auderman,  i.  264.     Fr.     Alderman. 

Audomarus  (Sanctus),  i.  270.  St. 
Omer. 

Audreyn,  ii.  140.  Fr.  au  dreyn,  au 
derrein.  At  last.  (Cf.  Britton,  ii. 
369 ;  Burguy,  rier.) 

*Aula,  ii.  102.  Gild,  fraternity.  Cf. 
below,  Domus. 

Autresy,  ii.  215,  216.  Fr.  So,  as, 
likewise. 

Autrieus,  ii.  222.   Fr.  Goods  of  others. 

Auxi,  ii.  224,  225.  Fr.  aussi.  Also, 
just  as. 

Auxilium,  i.  54 ;  ii.  189.    An  aid,  a  tax. 

Avenaunt,  ii.  223.    Fr.    Proper,  good. 

Aventure,  ii.  219.     Fr.     Risk. 

*Average  money,  ii.  372.  Duty  on 
goods  imported  and  exported.  (For 


395 


other  meanings  of  '  averagium,'  see 

Du  C.  and  Cowell.) 
Averare,  ii.  289.     To  verify,  to  prove 

one's  right  to  a  thing. 
Averium,  ii.  20,  306.     Goods,  chattel, 

wares. 
Avier,  Aver,   ii.    205.      Fr.      Cattle, 

goods,  chattels. 
Avisamentum,   Avisement,   i.    265  ; 

ii.  88.     Fr.     Counsel,  advice. 
*Avocatio,  ii.  158.     Protection.     (Cf. 

Du  C.,  advocatio.) 
Awher,  i.  265.     Fr.    Doubt.     (Britton, 

ii.  367,  awer.) 
Aje,  ii.  254.     Engl.    Again. 

Bachelarius,  ii.  31.  Young  man.  (Du 
C.,  baccalarius.  Cf.  Annales  Monast., 
iv.  138 :  conjuratio  ribaldorum  qui 
se  bachilarios  publice  proclamabant.) 

Baillia,  Balliva,  ii.  116,  150.  Baili- 
wick. 

Baillie,  ii.  221.     Fr.     Office  of  bailiff. 

Bale,  ii.  195.     Bailiff. 

*Ballium,  ii.  283.     Bail,  surety. 

Bancum,  ii.  236.  Bench,  seat  of  justice, 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  (Mait- 
land,  Sel.  Pleas,  p.  xii.) 

*Bankruptes,  ii.  280.     Bankruptcies. 

Ban-leuca,  *Banna-leuca,  i.  293  ;  ii. 
30.  Precinct  of  the  jurisdiction  of  a 
community.  Cf.  Fr.  banlieue. 

Barbitonsor,  i.  296.     Barber. 

Barellus,  ii.  312.     Barrel. 

Baret,  ii.  226.  Fr.  Strife,  disorder. 
(Godefroy,  barat ;  Liber  Cust,  698.) 

Bargaigner,  ii.  218.  Fr.  To  bargain 
for  or  buy. 

Barhude,  ii.  206.  Fr.  barrote.  A 
barrow.  (Du  C.,  barrote.) 

Baron,  ii.  216.     Fr.     A  husband. 

Barons,  i.  186.  Certain  borough  officers. 
In  Irish  towns  they  held  the  pleas  of 
fairs. 

*Basket  Stallagium,  i.  195.  Perhaps 
the  market  dues  of  those  who  sold 
goods  in  baskets,  corresponding  to 
the  stallage  of  those  who  sold  from 
stalls. 

*Basto,  ii.  331,  335.  Probably  for 
pasto,  pasty. 


Bastoun,  ii.  216.   Fr.   A  baton  or  staff. 
Basynetum,  ii.  322.     A  light  helmet  or 

iron  head-piece.    (Du  C.,  bacinetum.) 
Batel,  ii.  225.     Fr.     A  small  boat  or 

ship. 
Bede-roll,  ii.   152.     A  roll  or   record 

containing  the  names  of  the  dead,  for 

whom  prayers  were  said. 
Bene-placitum,   ii.    19.       Good-will, 

good  pleasure. 

Berfredus,  i.  234,  239.     Belfry. 
Berivagium,      i.      237  =  beveragium. 

Drink^money.     (Cf.   Du  C.,  bibera- 

gium.) 
Besilliez,  ii.  218.    Lowered,  embezzled, 

impaired.     (Du  C.,  besil.) 
Severe,  Bevier,  i.  33;   ii.   157,  256. 

Fr.  boire.     To  drink;   bevere  gilde 

markande,  to  hold  a  meeting  of  the 

gild  merchant. 
*Bibitoria,  i.  190.    Gild-house,  perhaps 

ale-house. 

Bier,  i.  265.    Fr.     Baron. 
*Bika,  i.  29 ;  ii.  85,  86,  370.     A  beaker 

or    measure    of    ale.      (Cf.   Du   C., 

bicheta    and    bicarium ;     and    Pap- 

penheim,  488,  '  debent  confratres  re- 

cipere  bicaria,'  etc.) 
Bilettum,  ii.  298.     A  billet. 
Bistrand,  ii.  386.    Engl.    By  strand,  on 

the  sea-shore. 

Bladum,  ii.  124.     Corn,  wheat. 
Blobbe,  ii.  230.     Blubber,  fish-oil. 
Boiste,  ii.  221.     Fr.     A  box  or  chest. 
Bolla,  i.  230.     A  boll,  a  measure  of 

capacity    for    grain,    etc.,    generally 

containing  six  bushels.     (Murray ;  cf. 

DuC.) 
Boltere,  ii.  246.     A  bolter,  one  who 

sifts  meal.     (Murray,  Diet.,  i.  976.) 
*Bonda,  Bunda,  i.   206 ;    ii.  62.     A 

boundary. 
Boothes,  i.  82.     The  name  applied  to 

the  court-house  of  Manchester.     Cf. 

Celda. 

Borch,  i.  258.     Engl.     A  surety. 
Borda,   i.    233,    239;    ii.    352.     Infra 

bordam,    on    board ;     ante    bordam 

navis,  at  the  ship's  side. 
Borgeis,  Borgea,  ii.   141.     Fr.     Bur- 
gesses. 


396 


Borgeswyke,    Borgesshippe,   ii.    12. 

Fee  of  admission  to  burgess-ship. 
Borogh.es,  ii.  345.    Sureties. 
Borth-selver,  ii.  30  (borch-selver).  Fee 

paid  on  finding  sureties,  frank-pledge 

fee. 
Boscus,  ii.  21.     Wood  as  distinguished 

from  plain. 
*Bosset[um],  ii.  259.    Box,  chest.    (Cf. 

above,  Boiste.) 

Bote-hall,  Booth-hall,  i.  81.  A  town- 
hall. 
Botheman,  ii.    382.     Dealer  in   corn. 

Merchauntes  of  come  called  '  Bothe- 

men '  (ii.  383). 

Bounde,  ii.  224.     Fr.     Boundary. 
Braceator,    Brasiator,   ii.    135,    261. 

Brewer. 

Bracer,  ii.  207.     Fr.     To  brew. 
Braceresse,  Braciatrix,  ii.  207,  304. 

Brewster,  a  woman  who  brews  ale. 
*Bracina,  ii.  312.     Malt,  brew,  ale. 
Brash,  ii.  107.  Refuse,  rubbish.  (Halli- 

well,  brash,  brashy.) 
Brassium,   Braseum,   Braserium,  i. 

230,  237;  ii.  99,  125.     Grain  out  of 

which   beer  was   made,   malt.     (Cf. 

Du  C.,  brace.) 
Braxare,  i.  295.     To  brew. 
Bref,    Brief,   ii.    217,    232.      Fr.      A 

writ. 

Breser,  ii.  219.     Fr.     To  break. 
Brethred,  ii.  71.     A  brotherhood. 
Breve,  ii.  173.     A  writ. 
Bribour,  ii.  306.    Scrap-craver,  beggar, 

low    beggarly     fellow.       (Jamieson, 

bribour ;     Du    C.,    briba  ;     Burguy, 

bribe;  Murray,  briber.) 
Brief,  Bref,  ii.  217,  232.     Fr.    A  writ. 
Bristowa,  Bristollum,  Bristollia,  i. 

247-249.     Bristol. 

Britholt,  ii.  390  (?brichtol).     Bridge- 
toll.    (Liber  Cust,  704 ;  Liber  Albus, 

Gloss.,  299.) 
Broake,  i.  195.     A  '  broke,'  fee,  fine, 

or  tax. 

Broccarius,  i.  234.     A  broker. 
Brocha,  ii.  58.     A  tap  or  tube.     Ven- 

dere  vina  ad  brocham,  to  sell  wine 

from  the  tap  or  by  retail. 
*Bron-gavell,  ii.  103  (read  brougavell.) 


Tribute  paid  for  the  right  to  brew. 
(Cf.  maltselver  in  Hale's  Domesd. 
of  St.  P.,  56-) 

Brotherede,  ii.  68.     A  brotherhood. 

Bunda,  Bonda,  i.  206  ;  ii.  62.  A 
boundary. 

*Burcum,  ii.  239,  for  bursa.  A  purse. 
(Cf.  Liber  Albus,  Gloss.,  379.) 

Burell[um],  ii.  254.  Burel,  borel,  a 
kind  of  coarse  woollen  cloth.  (Mur- 
ray, burel;  Catholicon,  48.) 

Burgagium,  i.  71  ;  ii.  21,  175.  A  bur- 
gage  tenement.  See  i.  6,  note  3. 

Burgeis,  ii.  232.     Fr.     Burgesses. 

*Burgensia,  i.  10  ;  ii.  127,  129.  Bur- 
gess-ship. 

*Burgensialis,  ii.  191.  Burgensic, 
burghal. 

Burgensis,  ii.  271.  An  alderman,  a 
member  of  the  town  council.  The 
ordinary  meaning  of  the  word  in  the 
middle  ages  was  a  burgess. 

Burgh-motum,  i.  64.     Borough- court. 

Burgus,  ii.  18.     Borough. 

Burlee,  ii.  204.  Fr.  Coarse  woollen 
cloth.  See  above,  Burellum. 

Bursa,  Burse,  i.  199;  ii.  291.  Bourse, 
exchange.  (Cf.  Rec.  of  Conv.  iii. 
679.) 

Busca,  ii.  312.  A  bush,  a  measure 
of  capacity.  (Possibly  for  rusca, 
a  measure  of  capacity.  See  Du  C., 
rusca.) 

Busselus,  ii.  124.     Bushel. 

Busung,  Bosoigne,  ii.  225,  255.  Fr. 
Need,  business. 

Buteillaria,  ii.  386.     Butlery. 

Byrtton,  ii.  71.    A  Briton. 

Cachepollus,  ii.  237,  238.     Catchpole, 

bailiff. 

Cadomus,  i.  4.     Caen. 
Cadowe,  ii.  286.    Rough  woollen  cloth 

used  as  a  covering.     (Murray,   cad- 

dow.) 
Caduce,  i.    131.     A  kind   of  worsted 

lace.     (Nares,  caddis.) 
Caesarisburgus,  i.  292.     Cherbourg. 
Caldarium,  i.  295.     Kettle,  chauldron. 
Calumpnia,  ii.  191,  273.     A  challenge 

or  claim. 


397 


Calumpniare,  Calumniare,  i.  230 ;  ii. 
29,  135,  319.  To  claim  or  challenge; 
to  charge  or  accuse. 

Calumpniator,  ii.  244.  Accuser,  chal- 
lenger, or  plaintiff. 

Cameraria,  ii.  88.  A  treasury  in 
charge  of  the  town  chamberlain.  Cf. 
Chamber. 

Camerarius,  ii.  142.  Chamberlain  or 
treasurer. 

Campana,  i.  231,  238.     A  bell. 

Cancellaria,  ii.  50.  The  Court  of 
Chancery. 

Cantaria,  ii.  50-     A  chantry. 

Cantebruggia,  ii.  154.     Cambridge. 

Cape,  ii.  322,  323.  Judicial  writ  in 
pleas  of  lands  containing  an  injunction 
to  seize  the  same.  (For  the  difference 
between  Magnum  Cape  and  Parvum 
Cape,  see  Bracton,  v.  496.) 

Capella,  ii.  61,  170.     Chapel. 

Capellanus,  ii.  169.     Chaplain. 

Capitaneus,  i.  94.  Captain,  head,  or 
chief  officer. 

Capitolium,  ii.  128,  129.  Gild-hall, 
town-hall,  or  moot-hall.  (Wright, 
i.  184,  dom-hus.) 

*Capitularius,  i.  282.  Head-man  or 
chief  officer. 

Capitulum,  i.  291.  Chapter  or  as- 
embly. 

*Caput,  i.  269.  Head-court,  court  of 
appeal. 

Carbun  de  Mer,  ii.  229.  Fr.  Sea- 
coal. 

Carectata,  ii.  44.     Cart-load. 

Cariagium,  ii.  202.  Cartage,  cartage 
dues,  impost  on  transport  of  goods 
through  a  country.  (Murray,  Diet., 
ii.  131.) 

Caritas,  i.  292.     Gild,  fraternity. 

Carkes,  ii.  99.     Charges. 

Carliolum,  Carleolum,  i.  71  ;  ii.  184. 
Carlisle.  (For  C.  Fareolum,  i.  71, 
read  Carleolum.) 

Carne,  ii.  133.  Evidently  an  error  of 
the  transcriber  for  'carve.'  See  Corf. 

Carnifex,  ii.  60.     A  butcher. 

Carto',  ii.  7.  Owing  to  the  omission 
of  the  context  in  the  MS.,  the  mean- 
ing of  this  word  is  not  clear. 


Cartula,  Carta,  i.  291 ;  ii.  21.  A  charter 
or  record. 

Castellanus,  i.  291.  Castellan,  gover- 
nor of  a  castle. 

Catallum,  ii.  32.     Chattel. 

Cavil,  i.  54,  232,  239.  A  share  in  trade 
or  in  trade  privileges.  (Jamieson, 
cavel.) 

Cayum,  ii.  124.  A  quay.  (Du  C., 
caya.) 

Celda,  ii.  44.  Booth,  shop,  shed,  stall. 
See  Selda.  In  Celdis  may  mean  in 
the  Booths,  i.e.  the  gild-hall.  See 
Boothes. 

Celdra,  i.  238.     A  chalder. 

Celebrare,  ii.  127,  169.  To  celebrate 
mass. 

Celler,  ii.  66.  Engl.  To  store  in  a 
cellar. 

*Censarius,  Censer,  Chencer,  i.  49, 
50.  A  person  allowed  to  trade  on 
payment  of  an  annual  cense  or  cess. 
(Cf.  Murray,  censer,  censerie.) 

Centena,  ii.  44.     Hundred  weight. 

*Cersegus,  ii.  4  (erroneously  printed 
tersegus).  Kersey.  (Cf.  Rec.  of 
Nott.,  iii.  138,  140,  carsetum;  Earle, 
Land  Charters,  484,  Caeresige.) 

Certificare,  ii.  38,  168.     To  certify. 

Certitude,  ii.  114.  Certitude,  cer- 
tainty. 

*Certum,  ii.  125.  A  sum  certain,  a 
fixed  amount.  (Cf.  certain  in  Liber 
Cust,  707  ;  and  Engl.  Gilds,  465.) 

Cerum,  ii.  305.  Evening.  (Du  C., 
serum.) 

Cerveyse,  Cervoyse,  Cervose,  ii.  205, 
215.  Fr.  Ale. 

Cervicia,  ii.  99  =  cervisia.     Ale. 

Cestria,  i.  141.     Chester. 

Chaffare,  Chaffre,  ii.  134,  255.  Com- 
merce, trade  ;  wares.  (Catholicon, 
57;  Prompt.  333;  Murray,  Diet,  ii. 

245-) 

Chalo,  Chalon,  ii.  254,  382.  A  shal- 
loon, a  woollen  counterpane.  (Catho- 
licon, 58 ;  Prompt.,  68.) 

Chamber,  ii.  264,  266,  347.  The 
town  treasury.  Cf.  Cameraria. 

Charisement,  ii.  232.  Fr.  Increase  of 
price. 


398 


Chastel,  ii.  225.     Fr.     Castle. 

Chatel,  Chateux,  ii.  204,  205.  Fr. 
Goods,  chattels. 

Chef,  Chief,  ii.  157,  214,  221.  Fr. 
Head,  end,  beginning,  En  prime 
chief,  in  the  first  place. 

Cheffware,  ii.  69.  Goods,  merchan- 
dise. 

Cheker,  ii.  275.  A  checker-roll,  an 
Exchequer-roll,  an  assessment-roll. 
(Cf.  ii.  2Ti,  212;  Murray,  Diet.,  ii. 
321.  Every  borough  of  Scotland 
seems  to  have  had  its '  chakker '  rolls. 
Rec.  of  Conv.,  i.  43;  ii.  20.  The 
civic  treasury  of  Nottingham  was 
called  '  scaccarium.'  Rec.  of  Nott., 
ii.  469.) 

*Chenicte-halla,  i.  188.  A  cnihts'  hall. 
See  Cniht. 

Chenser,  i.  49.  A  person  allowed  to 
trade  in  a  town  on  payment  of  an 
annual  cess. 

Cheping  -  gavel,  Chepyn  -  gavell, 
Chep-gavell,  i.  58  ;  ii.  203,  208, 
236.  Annual  payment  due  to  a 
lord  for  the  privilege  of  trading  in  his 
town. 

*Chepmane-sela,  i.  196.  A  merchants' 
hall. 

Chepmene-sild,  ii.  135.  Chapman 
gild,  gild  merchant. 

Chet.     See  Chiete. 

Cheveteyn,  ii.  225.  Fr.  A  chief,  the 
principal  officer. 

Chief,  ii.  214.     See  Chef. 

Chief  Mys,  ii.  224.  Fr.  Capital  mes- 
suage, a  great  house. 

Chierte,  i.  128.     Fr.    Dearness. 

Chiete,  Chet,  ii.  140,  218.  Fr.  3  sing, 
pres.  ind.  of  cheoir,  to  fall. 

Childwite,  ii.  390.  Fine  paid  by  the 
reputed  father  of  an  illegitimate  child 
to  the  villein  mother's  lord.  (Mur- 
ray.) 

Chiminagium,  ii.  363.  Road-tax,  toll 
paid  for  permission  to  go  through  a 
forest.  (Cowell.) 

Chirothecarius,  ii.  175.  Glover.  See 
also  Cirotecarius,  Cyrothecarius. 

Chyveriz,  ii.  228.     Fr.     Goats,  kids. 

Cicestria,  i.  90, 140.     Chichester. 


Ciligo,  i.  232.    Rye.  (Du  C.,  siligo.) 

Cimiterium,  ii.  120,  295,  296.  Church- 
yard. 

Cingula,  i.  290.     Circuit,  precinct. 

Ciphus,  ii.  3i6  =  scyphus.  Drinking 
vessel  or  goblet. 

Cirotecarius,  ii.  60,  132,  358.    Glover. 

Cissor,  i.  115.     Tailor. 

Citatio,  i.  236.     A  summons. 

Civilitas,  i.  286.     Citizenship. 

Clamare,  ii.  171.     To  claim. 

Clamium,  Clameum,  Clamor,  i.  188, 
292;  ii.  171,  172.  A  claim. 

*Clarus,  ii.  5,  94,  102,  103.  Clear,  in 
full,  net ;  liquidated  in  full  (ii.  5). 

Claye,  ii.  206.  Fr.  Hurdle.  (Liber 
Albus,  Gloss.,  304.) 

Clericus,  ii.  96.  A  clerk,  a  town 
clerk. 

Cloth-drawer,  ii.  208.   Cloth-stretcher. 

Cloth-mangere,  ii.  311,  312.  Cloth- 
monger. 

Cniahta-gealdan,  i.  188.  A  cnihten 
gild. 

Cniht,  Chenicte,  i.  183,  184,  188. 
Military  retainer. 

Cnihtene-gild,  Cnithe-gilda,  Cnith- 
ten-gilda,  ii.  186-188.  A  cnihten 
gild. 

*Coccare,  ii.  310.     To  bake  or  cook. 

Cognoscere,  ii.  194.  To  recognize,  to 
acknowledge,  or  confess. 

Coler-maker,  ii.  130.     Collar-maker. 

Colli-strigium,  ii.  301.     Pillory. 

Colour,  i.  48,  136  ;  ii.  68,  82, 177,275. 
'  To  colour  a  person  or  his  wares,' 
'  to  sell  under  colour  of  a  gildsman,' 
means  to  sell  goods  in  the  gildsman 's 
name,  so  that  the  stranger  could  evade 
dues  or  tolls  demanded  from  non- 
gildsmen. 

Comblus,  ii.  125.  A  measure  of  four 
bushels,  a  coomb.  (Liber  Cust,  714, 
coumble.) 

Comburgensis,  i.  235.  Fellow  bur- 
gess. 

Comenaunce,  ii.  73  =  covenant.  An 
agreement.  (Cf.  Engl.  Gilds,  466  ; 
Halliwell,  comnant ;  Matzner,  i.  493.) 

Comercium,  Comercia,  ii.  366,  367. 
Commerce. 


399 


Comes,  ii.  136.     Earl. 

Comitatus,  ii.  36,  146  ;  ii.  120.  County; 
county  court. 

Comitissa,  ii.  387.     Countess. 

Commestio,  ii.  34.     A  feast. 

Comminis,  i.  H9  =  communis.  Com- 
mon. 

Commoditas,  ii.  360.     Commodity. 

Common  Bargain,  ii.  149.  A  '  town 
bargain,'  purchase  of  goods  by  a 
borough.  See  i.  135. 

Communa,  Communia,  Communitas, 
i.  21,  93-103,  269.  Civic  incorpora- 
tion, the  privileges  of  a  free  incor- 
porated borough ;  the  common  people, 
commons ;  a  common  payment ;  a 
community,  gild,  etc. 

*Communarius,  i.  112.  Commonr 
councilman. 

Commune,  ii.  254.  Engl.  The  com- 
munity or  commons. 

Commune,  ii.  4  =  communitas.  Com- 
munity. 

Communis,  ii.  192,  2 35  =  communitas. 
(Du  C.,  communis.) 

Communitas.     See  Communa. 

Communitates,  ii.  391.  For  com- 
munitas, community,  commons. 

Comoyn,  ii.  383,  384.  To  common,  to 
add  or  join  certain  persons  to  others 
for  consultation,  to  associate. 

Complementum  Justiciae,  ii.  379. 
Complete  justice.  (Cf.  Du  C.) 

Componere,  i.  295.  To  compound,  to 
pay  as  a  composition  or  fine. 

Compotus,  Computus,  Computum, 
ii.  3,  94,  99,  100,  103.  An  account. 

Comunier,  ii.  218.     Fr.    Participating. 

Concencire,  ii.  293  =  consentire.  To 
consent. 

Concensus,!.  239;  ii.  1 26  =  consensus. 
Consent. 

Concernere,  ii.  101,  168.  To  re- 
gard. 

Conciliarius,  ii.  39.  Alderman,  mem- 
ber of  the  town  council. 

Concordatus,  ii.  114.     An  agreement. 

Conculare,  ii.  365  =  conculcare.  To 
trample  upon. 

*Conductivus,  i.  295,  296.  Hired. 
(Cf.  Fr.  conductif.  Godefroy.) 


Conflt,  Confytt,  ii.  204,  206.  Fr. 
Water  in  which  skins  are  soaked. 
(Godefroy.) 

Confraria,  i.  297.     Fraternity  or  gild. 

Confrater,  ii.  247.     Gildsman. 

Confraternitas,  i.  296.  Gild;  member- 
ship of  a  gild. 

*Congildanus,  i.  29.     Gildsman. 

Conjuratio,  i.  21.  Civic  corporation 
or  '  commune.' 

Conreatus,  i.  115.     See  Coureatus. 

Considerare,  ii.  238,  292.  To  decide, 
award,  give  judgment.  (Cf.  Madox, 
Exch.,  ii.  1 1 8.) 

Consideratio,  ii.  8.  An  award  or 
judgment. 

Consivis,  i.  262  =  concivis.  Fellow 
citizen. 

Constitutio,  i.  233-240.  Constitution 
(ii.  55)  or  ordinance. 

Consuetude,  i.  59;  ii.  183,  209,  252, 
261.  Customary  payment,  toll,  etc. 
(Cf.  i.  103.) 

Consult,  Consull,  ii.  371.  Councillor. 
Consulantes  in  this  sense  occurs  in 
many  Scotch  burgh  records.  Cf.  con- 
suls of  Utrecht,  etc.  i.  286,  294. 

Continentia,  i.  27.  Manner  of  doing 
anything,  an  act. 

Contrafacere,  ii.  316.     To  counterfeit. 

Centre,  ii.  227.     See  Encontre. 

Convener,  i.  202,  222.  The  head  of  a 
convenery.  See  Convenery. 

Convenery,  i.  202.  A  union  of  Scotch 
craft  gilds. 

Convenientia,  ii.  22.  Appurtenance, 
lawful  property. 

*Conventionarius,  ii.  246.  A  cove- 
nanter, a  person  allowed  to  trade  by 
entering  into  a  covenant  with  a 
town. 

Conventus,  ii.  171.     Monastery. 

Conversatio,  i.  230.  Conduct,  deport- 
ment. 

Convinctus,  ii.  I35  =  convictus.  Con- 
victed. 

*Convivium,  i.  84,  284.     A  gild. 

Copies,  ii.  382  =  occupies.  Occupa- 
tions. 

*Coquinaria,  i.  195.     Kitchen-dues. 

Cord,  ii.  140.     Fr.     Accord,  consent. 


400 


Cordewan,   ii.    204.      Fr.     Cordovan 

leather,  cordwain. 
Corduanarius,     Cordewanarius,     i. 

115;    ii.  60.     Cordwainer,  cordiner, 

or  shoemaker. 
Corduanus,  i.  115.     Cordovan  leather, 

cordwain.     (Du  C.,  cordebisus ;  Liber 

Cust.,  713.) 
Coreum,  i.  46;  ii.  8,  28,  52  =  corium. 

Leather,  hide. 
*Corf,  Corff,  Corfife,  Corficina,  ii.  132, 

133,  150,  175,  176,  189,  358-  The 
cutting  of  wares,  selling  by  retail. 
(O.  Engl.  corven,  to  carve.  Cf. 
Chron.  of  Rob.  of  Glouc.,  ii.  901  ; 
Ancren  Riwle,  452.) 

Cornere,  ii.  224.     Fr.     A  corner. 

Cornu  Communitatis,  ii.  30,  32.  The 
town  horn,  for  summoning  meetings, 
etc.  See  Mot-horn. 

Cornubia,  ii.  174.     Cornwall. 

Coronator,  ii.  107.     Coroner. 

Corporalis,  ii.  368.  Relating  to  the 
corporate  or  cloth  covering  the 
sacred  elements.  According  to  Du  C. 
a  corporal  oath  was  one  taken  on 
the  Gospels,  Cross,  or  relics  of  a 
Saint.  (Cf.  Liber  Albus,  382.) 

Corporation,  i.  135.  A  gild  ;  in  Scot- 
land a  craft  gild. 

*Corpus  Comitatus,  i.  59.  The  un- 
privileged districts  of  a  county,  those 
portions  that  were  under  the  imme- 
diate jurisdiction  of  the  sheriff. 

*Corrigium,  i.  290.  Strap,  leather. 
(Diefenbach.) 

Corvesarius,  i.  114.     Shoemaker. 

Corveser,  Corvyser,  ii.  24,  274.  Shoe- 
maker. Cf.  Fr.  courvoisier. 

Costa,  ii.  279.     A  coast. 

Costage,  ii.  51.     Fr.     Cost. 

Cotel,  ii.  216.     Fr.     Knife. 

Counfite,  ii.  206.  Fr.  Vat  for  soak- 
ing skins.  (Godefroy,  confit.) 

Coureatus,  i.  115  (erroneously  printed 
conreatus).  Curried  or  dressed.  (Du 
C.,  coreare  ;  cf.  Liber  Cust.,  795.) 

Coustume,  ii.  218,  221,  227.  Fr.  See 
Custuma. 

Coustumer,  ii.  227.  Fr.  Customable, 
subject  to  tolls,  etc. 


Coviengne,  ii.  214.  Fr.  A  covenant  or 
agreement. 

Craftyman,  ii.  381.     Craftsman. 

Cranoke,  ii.  69.  (Irish,  cranog, 
basket  or  hamper  for  holding  corn.) 
A  measure  supposed  to  be  equal  to  a 
Bristol  barrel.  (Cal.  Pat.  and  Cl. 
Rolls,  i.  196  ;  Gilbert,  Hist.  Doc., 
p.  xxxiv.  Cf.  Pipe  Roll,  i  Rich.  I, 
p.  163.) 

*Crassus  Piscis,  i.  292.  Royal  fish, 
i.  e.  whale  and  sturgeon,  which  when 
thrown  on  shore  or  caught  near  the 
coast  were  the  property  of  the  king. 
(Pipe  Rolls,  Introd.,  88.) 

Cum,  ii.  139.     Fr.     As,  whereas. 

*Cumbra,  ii.  123.  A  form  of  cumba, 
a  coomb  of  four  bushels.  (Prompt., 

970 

Cumbria,  ii.  39.     Cumberland. 

Cunteck,  Contek,  ii.  139,  226.  Fr.  A 
quarrel,  strife,  contest.  (Godefroy, 
contec  ;  Catholicon,  75.) 

*Curia  Legalis,  ii.  100,  104,  105,  242. 
Law-day,  meeting  of  the  Leet  or 
principal  local  court.  (Cf.  Law- 
day.) 

Curiales,  ii.  99.  Perhaps  members  of 
the  town  council.  (Cf.  Wright,  i.  in, 
curiales  =  burh-gerefa.) 

Custagium,  ii.  281.     Cost. 

Custuma,  ii.  43,  48,  123,  124,  132; 
Custumum,  i.  194;  Coustume,  ii. 
218,  221,  227;  Customa,  ii.  109. 
Any  kind  of  customary  payment, 
especially  tolls  for  buying  and  sell- 
ing, etc. 

*Custumarius,  i.  31 ;  ii.  297,  308,  312. 
A  person  subject  to  customary  pay- 
ments, tolls,  etc.  (For  the  ordinary 
meaning  of  this  word,  see  Kennett, 
Gloss,  s.  z>.) 

*Custumum,  i.  194.     See  Custuma. 

Custus,  ii.  364.     Cost. 

Cutistannatus,  ii.  46  =  cutis  tannatus. 
Tanned  skin  or  hides. 

Cuva,  ii.  312.     A  vat.     (Fr.  cuve.) 

*Cyfus,  i.  291.  A  drinking  vessel.  Cf. 
Ciphus. 

Cyrotheca,  Cyroteca,  ii.  173.    Glove. 

Cyrothecarius,  ii.  173.     Glover. 


Dacra,  i.  239.     A  dakir  or  dicker,  ten. 

Dampnare,  ii.  3i=damnare.  To  con- 
demn. 

Dampnum,  ii.  35  =  damnum.    Damage. 

Dapifer,  ii.  40.     Steward. 

Data,  ii.  184.     A  date. 

Dawber,  ii.  382.  A  dauber  or  plas- 
terer. (Halliwell ;  Liber  Cust,  716.) 

Day,  i.  10.  A  meeting,  a  diet.  (Cf. 
Law-day.) 

Decanus,  i.  208.     Dean. 

Decasus,  ii.  in.     Decay. 

*Decennarius,  ii.  106.  Tithingman, 
petty  constable.  (Rec.  of  Nott.,  i. 

445-) 

Decennia,  ii.  33.     A  tithing. 

Decern,  i.  220.     To  decide,  to  judge. 

*Decisio,  ii.  24.     See  Discicio. 

Decreet,  i.  215.  A  decree,  decision,  or 
judgment. 

Dedecere,  ii.  146.  Mis-print  for  dedu- 
cere. 

*Deducere,  i.  248.  To  deal  with,  to 
treat ;  mercatum  deducere  (ii.  146, 
378),  to  carry  on  trade,  to  traffic. 

Defacere,  ii.  4  =  deficere.  To  undo  or 
disregard. 

Defactus,  ii.  298  =  defectus.  A  de- 
fault. 

Defencio,  ii.  307.     Prohibition. 

*Defendere  vim  et  injuriam,  ii.  177, 
1 80.  To  deny  a  charge.  (Cf.  ii.  7, 
vim  et  justum  defendere ;  Rec.  of 
Nott,  ii.  457.) 

Defensa,  Defensio,  ii.  296,  326.  A 
fence,  an  enclosure. 

Deforciare,  ii.  7,  173,  202,  295.  To 
take  forcible  possession  of,  to  wrong- 
fully hold  property,  to  defend  one's 
claim  to  anything.  (Du  C.,  diffor- 
ciare ;  Liber  Albus,  Gloss.,  384 ; 
Cowell,  deforceor.) 

Deforis,  ii.  378.  Strange,  not  having 
the  privileges  of  a  burgess. 

Delegare,  i.  228.   To  bequeath,  to  give. 

Deliberate,  ii.  62,  147.     To  liberate. 

Deliberatio,  ii.  137.     Liberation. 

Deliverer,  i.  137.  An  officer  of  the 
Gild  Merchant  of  Dublin  who  de- 
livered shares  of  a  town  bargain. 

Dementiers  que,  ii.  226.    Fr.    While. 


Demeyne,    Demesne,    ii.    230,    232 
Fr.     Own. 

Demeyne  si,  ii.  140.     Fr.     Unless. 

*Demittere,  ii.  38.  To  demise,  trans- 
fer, convey.  (Du  C.,  dimittere.) 

Demurr,  ii.  74.  To  stop,  remain, 
dwell. 

Den,  ii.  158.     Fr.     Dean  or  deacon. 

Denarius  Dei,  i.  233.  God's  penny, 
arles,  earnest  money.  (Liber  Cust., 

797-) 

Denzein,  i.  66.  Citizen.  (Godefroy; 
Liber  Cust.,  717.) 

Deofol-gild,  i.  190.     Devil-worship. 

Departir,  ii.  219.  To  share.  (Cf. 
Partir.) 

*Deperditura,  ii.  286.     Loss,  damage. 

Deputatus,  ii.  282.     Deputy. 

Derige,  Dirige,  ii.  15,  163.  Hymn 
forming  part  of  the  burial  service,  a 
dirge.  (Halliwell,  dirige;  Prompt., 
121.) 

Desawoare,  ii.  7.  To  disavow,  deny 
or  contradict.  (Du  C.,  desavouare.) 

*Deserere,  Disserere,  ii.  308,  330.  To 
fail,  to  be  wanting,  to  be  denied. 

*Deservire,  ii.  281,  308.  To  deserve, 
merit,  or  gain  ;  to  earn  a  living. 

Deskarqer,  Desqarker,  ii.  225,  227. 
Fr.  To  unload,  discharge. 

Despendre,  ii.  221,  255.  Fr.  To  lay 
out,  to  expend. 

Desperdre,  ii.  157.     Fr.     To  lose. 

Despersoner,  ii.  217.  Fr.  To  defame, 
insult,  or  slander. 

Desque,  Deske,  ii.  206,  207,  216. 
Fr.  Until,  unto. 

Desque  a  taunt  que,  ii.  220.  Fr. 
Until. 

Destier,  ii.  205  =  d'estier.     See  Estier. 

Destrictio,  ii.  5.     Distress,  distraint. 

Detaillum,  ii.  47.     Retail,  detail. 

De  ultra  mare,  ii.  5,  8.  This  was  a 
lawful  and  common  '  essoin '  or  ex- 
cuse for  absence  from  court.  The 
'  xl.  dies '  which  is  sometimes  added 
in  the  Andover  records  means  that 
the  case  is  accordingly  postponed  for 
forty  days. 

Devor,  ii.  273.     Duty. 

Dewling,  ii.  71.     Dublin. 


Dd 


402 


Dies  Amoris,  ii.  7,  293.  Love-day, 
day  of  reconciliation. 

Dieta,  i.  230.     A  day. 

Diffinire,  i.  269  =  defame.  To  decide, 
to  determine. 

*Diffrancliisare,  ii.  20.  To  disfran- 
chise. 

*Dignor,  ii.  286.  To  deign,  to  vouch- 
safe to  give. 

Discernere,  ii.  367  =  decernere.  To 
decree. 

*Discicio,  Decisio,  ii.  24,  134.  A 
cutting  up ;  discicionem  pannorum 
facere,  vendere  pannum  ad  decisionem, 
to  cut  cloth  and  sell  it,  to  sell  cloth 
by  retail. 

Discommin,  ii.  176.  To  discommon, 
disfranchise. 

Disiderare,  ii.  2o8=--desiderare.  To 
desire. 

*Dispercionare,  ii.  328.  To  injure, 
slander,  insult.  (Du  C.,  disper- 
sonare.) 

Disrationare,  ii.  183,  357.  To  derain, 
disprove,  refute,  clear.  (Liber  Cust., 

7980 

Disserere,  ii.  330.     See  Deserere. 

*Distillare,  i.  276.  To  extend,  to  pro- 
pagate. 

Distringere,  ii.  5.  To  distrain  or  levy 
distress. 

Disuitym,  ii.  141.  Fr.  dix-huitieme. 
Eighteen. 

Divider,  i.  137.  A  gild  officer  who 
divided  town  bargains. 

Dividere,  i.  291.  To  arrange,  to 
determine. 

Divisa,  ii.  146,  378.  Division  or 
quarter  of  a  town. 

Doble,  i.  1 53  =  double. 

Dog-stones,  ii.  122.  Hearthstones,  on 
which  the  fire  dogs  rested.  (Haly- 
burton,  349.) 

Dolium,  i.  27 ;  ii.  43.  A  cask,  208 
gallons.  (Rec.  of  Nott.,  ii.  458.) 

Dome,  i.  258.     A  doom  or  judgment. 

Domesday,  ii.  123.  Book  or  roll  con- 
taining borough  laws. 

Dominicum,  ii.  204.     A  demesne. 

Domus,  i.  196,  n.  2  ;  ii.  4-6,  8.  Gild 
or  fraternity.  Cf.  Aula. 


*Domus  thelonei,  ii.  30.    Toll-house. 
Dorra,  ii.  216.     Fr.     3  sing.  fut.  ind. 

of  donner,  to  give. 
Dounk,  ii.  220.     Fr.     Then. 
Doura,  ii.  351.     Dover. 
Draperius,  ii.  196.     Draper. 
Drappa,  ii.  331.     Cloth. 
Dreiture,  ii.  225.     Fr.     Justice,  right. 
Dreyt,  ii.  205.     Fr.     Law,  right. 
Driturelement,  ii.  220.    Fr.    Lawfully. 
Duellum,  ii.    183.      Duel   or  judicial 

combat. 

Dunelmia,  i.  12.     Durham. 
Durer,  ii.  228.     Fr.     To  extend. 
Dutchland,  i.  150.     Germany. 
Dyes,  ii.  34.     The  two  (?).     Cf.  dee) 

and  deus  =  two,  ii.  158,  296. 
Dyrd,  ii.  51=  dirge. 
Dyvlyng,  ii.  65.     Dublin. 

Ebba,  i.  292.     Ebb  tide. 

Eboracum,  ii.  21.     York. 

Effoncer,  ii.  23o  =  enfoncer.     Fr.     To 

push  in.     (For  a  different  rendering 

of  this  word,  see  Davies,  Southampt., 

150.) 

Eicere,  i.  231  =ejicere.     To  eject. 
Einz  nei,  Bine,  i.  216.     Fr.     Elder, 

first-born. 
*Elde-fadus,  Eld-fader,  i.  263  ;  ii.  7. 

Grandfather,    ancestor.       (Cf.    Engl. 

Gilds,  169;  Matzner,  aldfader;  Halli- 

well,  eldfather.) 
Elde-stuard,  i.  26  ;  ii.  12.     Elder  or 

chief  steward. 

Embraeerie,  ii.  38  r .  Unlawful  meeting. 
Ernenda,  i.    229;    ii.  204.      Amends, 

fine,  reparation. 

Emendare,  i.  2  28.    To  make  reparation. 
Empeach,  ii.  150.     To  impair. 
Empleder,  ii.  217.     Fr.     To  implead, 

sue  at  law. 

Enarere,  ii.  140.     Fr.     In  the  past. 
Eiicheson,  ii.  140.     Fr.  A  reason  or 

occasion. 
Encontre,  ii.  227.    Fr.    To  encounter, 

to  go  to  meet. 

Encoru,  ii.  218.     Fr.     Forfeited. 
Enerecement,   ii.    231.     Fr.     An  in- 
crease, an  increased  price. 
Encrestre,  ii.  231.     Fr.     To  increase. 


403 


Enfranceys,    ii.    195.     Engl.     Fran- 
chises. 

En  best  mot,  i.    299.  =  In  hastigem 
Muth.     Germ.    In  anger.     (Schiller 
und  Liibben,  mot.) 
Enpletter,  ii.  229.     Fr.    To  do,  fulfil, 

or  satisfy. 

Enprompter,  ii.  256.   Fr.   To  borrow. 
Enpruement,  ii.  157.     Fr.     Profit. 
Enrouler,  ii.  219.     Fr.     To  enroll. 
Enseler,  ii.  222.     Fr.     To  seal. 
Ensement,  ii.    141,   205.     Fr.     Like- 
wise, together. 

Entour,  ii.  49.    Fr.    Regarding,  about. 
Erene,  ii.  69.     Iron. 
Erogare,  i.  234.     To  distribute. 
Escambium,  ii.  253.     An  exchange. 
Escheatum,  ii.  39.     An  escheat. 
*Esehippare,  Eskippare,  i.  292 ;    ii. 

87.     To  ship,  to  sail. 
Eseot,  i.  55  ;  ii.  140.    Fr.    Scot  or  pay- 
ment. 
Escotantus,  ii.  I32=escottans.     Being 

in  scot,  contributing  to  common  rates 

and  taxes. 
Escoter,  Escotter,  i  55  ;  ii.  138,  140. 

Fr.   To  scot,  to  contribute  to  common 

payments. 

JEsement,  ii.  157.     Fr.     Easement,  re- 
lief, or  accommodation. 
Esgard,  ii.  217,   222.     Fr.   Award  or 

judgment. 
Eskiven,  Eskevyn,  ii.  157,  158,  215  = 

scabinus.     Fr.    Echevin,  an  officer  of 

a  gild.     See  i.  26. 
Essoniare,  ii.  5,   154.     To  essoin   or 

excuse  from  appearance  in  a  court. 
Essonium,  ii.  6.     An  excuse  for  not 

appearing  in  a  court,  an  essoin. 
Establissement,  ii.  224.     Fr.    Statute 

or  ordinance. 

Estatut,  ii.  220.     Fr.     Statute. 
Estaundar,  ii.  222.     Fr.     Standard. 
Ester,  Estier,  ii.  2^5,  226.     Fr.     To 

stand.     Estier  a  dreyt,  to  submit  to 

justice  or  trial. 
Ester-gavell,  ii.    236.      Easter-gavel, 

rent  due  at  Easter. 
Esteyn,  i.  140.     Fr.     Tin. 
Estoverium,  Estovium,  ii.  124,  155. 

An  estover,   anything  necessary  for 

Dd 


sustentation  or  maintenance.     Esto- 

vium  is  an  incorrect  reading  of  esto- 

verium. 
Estraura,  ii.  316  =  extrahura.    Estrays, 

stray  animals.     (Du  C.,  estrajeriae.) 
Eus,  ii.  223.     Fr.     Door. 
Ewe,  ii.  232.     Fr.     Water. 
Exhereditatio,    ii.    238.     Disherison, 

ruin,  damage. 

Exigere,  ii.  37o  =  erigere.     To  erect. 
Exitus,  ii.  38,  169.     Issues,  revenues, 

profits. 

Exorare,  i.  278.     To  exhort. 
Extraueus,  Extranius,  i.  66 ;  ii.  44, 

53,   102,   134.     A  stranger,  one  not 

free  of  the  borough. 
Extremus,  i.  228.     In   extremis  suis, 

in  his  last  days. 
Extrinsecus,   i.   66;    ii.    14,   52.     A 

stranger,  one  not  free  of  the  borough. 

Faccultie,  ii.  54.     A   trade,  occupa- 
tion, or  craft. 
Falda,   ii.   307,  330,  339.     Sheepfold, 

enclosure. 
Farse,  Farsietz,  ii.  204.     Fr.     3  sing. 

pres.  ind.  and  p.  part,  of  farcir,  to 

stuff. 
Feat,   Feate,   i.    155  ;    ii.   362,   380. 

Occupation,  business. 
Feel,    Foial,    i.    209;    ii.    214.     Fr. 

Faithful. 
Feez,  Feiz,  Fez,  i.  74;  ii.  219,  220. 

Fr.  fois.     Time. 
Feit,  ii.  225  (bis).     Fr.  3  sing.  pres.  ind. 

of  fere,  to  do ;  as  in  feit  a  saver,  doth 

you  to  wit. 
Felling,  i.    234.     Breaking    contract. 

(Innes,  Anc.  Laws,  208.  Cf.  Matzner, 

fallen,  to  destroy.) 
Feodum,  i.   146;   ii.  196.     A  fee  or 

payment. 
Feoffatua,  i.  72,  74;  ii.  13.     Feoffee 

one  holding  a  fief. 

FeofTmentum,  ii.  327.     Enfeoffment. 
Feor,  ii.  205.     Fr.     Price.     (Godefroy 

fuer.) 

Fere,  i.  189.     Engl.     A  fellow  or  com- 
panion. 
Feria,  i.  297;   ii.  175.     Holiday,  any 

day  of  the  week  ;  a  fair. 


404 


Ferir  hors,  ii.  230.     Fr.     To  knock 

out.     (Cf.  Burguy,  ferir.) 
Ferme,   ii.   254.      Engl.      See   Firma 

Burgi. 
Fermer,  ii.  216.     Fr.     To  swear,  give 

security  to.     (Burguy.) 
Ferour,  Feure,  ii.  206.     Fr.     A  smith 

or  ironmonger.     (Roquefort.) 
Ferrealment,  ii.  206.    Fr.    Hardware, 

things  made  of  iron. 
Ferretyng,  i.  131.  Ferret,  tape,  ribbon. 

(Cf.  Axon,  Engl.  Dialect  Words.) 
Ferro,    ii.     245.       Blacksmith,    iron- 
monger.    (Liber  Cust.,  802.) 
Ferthingmannus,Ferthynman,  Fer- 

yngman,  Furthyngman,  i.  27,  228, 

231,  238.  Quarter- master,  gild  officer. 
Feru,  ii.  330.     See  Ferir. 
*Festualis,  ii.  1 70.     Festal. 
Feudum,  ii.  29.     A  fief  or  fee. 
Feure,  ii.  206.     See  Ferour. 
Fez,  ii.  220.     See  Feez. 
Ffor',  ii.  334,  335.     Probably  a  con- 
traction of  forewardmen. 
Fienz,    ii.    223.     Fr.     Offal,    rubbish. 

(Burguy,  fiens.) 
Fiert,  ii.  216,  217.     Fr.     3  sing.  pres. 

ind.  of  ferir,  to  strike. 
Filacium,  ii.  291.     Thick  yarn. 
Filetum,  ii.  276.     Yarn. 
Filum,  ii.  286.     Yarn,  thread. 
Finire,  ii.  153.     To  pay  a  fine. 
Finis,  ii.  43,  50,  92.     A  fine,  payment 

for  a  favour  or  privilege. 
Fire-lookers,    ii.    174.     Overseers    of 

fires,  heads  of  fire  department. 
Firma   Villae,   Firma   Burgi,  i.  6 ; 

ii.    100,  101.     Fee-farm    rent    of   a 

borough. 
Flesshewer,  ii.   197.     A    butcher   or 

flesher.      Cf.     Germ.     Fleischhauer. 

(Catholicon,  135.) 
Foial,  ii.  214.     Fr.     Faithful. 
*Foraneus,  i.  66.    A  stranger,  a  person 

who  did  not  enjoy  civic  privileges. 
*Fordede,  i.    29;   ii.    240.     O.    Engl. 

A  good   deed,    a  charitable    action. 

(Matzner,    fordede.)     In  the  Totnes 

records  it  may  mean  a  fixed  payment 

to  the  Gild  for  charitable  purposes; 

or  surety-money  payable  by  persons 


entertaining  the  gild.  (Ancren  Riwle, 
444,  fordede  =  surety .) 

*Fordele,  i.  29 ;  ii.  240-242.  Cf, 
Germ.  Vortheil,  advantage.  (Matz- 
ner, fordel.)  Perhaps  in  the  Totnes 
records,  it  may  be  another  word  con- 
nected with  ferto  or  ferthelum,  a 
measure  [of  ale  or  wine],  given  as 
an  entrance-fee.  See  Du  C.  In  a 
continental  record  of  1274  we  meet 
with  an  entrance-fee  of  a  gild  con- 
sisting of  unum  fertonem  ad  con- 
vivium.  (Salvioni,  Glide,  5.) 

Forefactum,  i.  298.     A  fine. 

Foreign,  Foreigner,  i.  27,  68,  130; 
ii.  71.  See  Forinsecus. 

Forensis,  ii.  246.  A  stranger.  See 
Forinsecus. 

Forestarius,  ii.  363.  Forester  or  forest 
officer. 

Forinsecus,  i.  66  ;  ii.  13,  37,  52,  f24. 
A  '  foreigner/  i.  e.  any  person  not  a 
burgess  or  a  member  of  the  Gild 
Merchant,  a  person  not  enjoying  the 
privileges  of  a  borough.  Cf.  i.  27  ; 
ii.  130. 

Forinsecum  Hundredum,  ii.  341. 
The  part  of  the  hundred  lying  outside 
the  town. 

Forisfacere,  ii.  47,  64,  244.  To  for- 
feit ;  to  offend  or  transgress ;  to 
punish. 

Forisfactura,  Forisfactum,  i.  9,  115, 
227;  ii.  197,  273.  Forfeiture,  a  fine ; 
transgression,  offence. 

Forisjudicare,  Forjudicare,  ii.  328. 
To  deprive  of  anything  by  judicial 
process. 

Forjuger,  ii.  217.  Fr.  To  forejudge, 
to  condemn. 

*Formatores,  i.  296,  227.  The  alder- 
men of  a  gild.  (Hohlbaum,  iii.  550.) 

Fornier,  ii.  220,  222.   Fr.    To  execute. 

Forsene,  ii.  205.     See  Sorsene. 

Fors  pris,  ii.  141.     Fr.     Except. 

Forum,  i.  233,  234.     Market-place. 

Forwardmannus,  ii.  297,  312;  For- 
ward esmen,  i.  31 ;  Forewardman- 
nus,  ii.  4,  8,  324;  Fordwardman- 
nus,  ii.  320,  331 ;  Fordwarmannus, 
ii.  321  ;  Forwardinus,  ii.  308,  343, 


405 


345 ;  Foreworwannus,  ii.  298 ; 
Formannus,  ii.  293.  Forward-man, 
covenant-man,  gild  officer.  (See  i. 
31  ;  cf.  Ancren  Riwle,  444 ;  Earle, 
Land  Charters,  489.) 

Fossagium,  ii.  363.  Toll  or  duty  for 
the  maintenance  of  a  fosse. 

Fossatum,  ii.  366.     Ditch  or  moat. 

Fra,  ii.  220.  Fr.  3  sing.  fut.  ind.  of 
faire,  to  do. 

Franchesia,  Franchicia,  ii.  43,  61, 
391.  A  franchise. 

Francigena,  i.  4.  Frenchman,  for- 
eigner. 

Francis,  Fraunches,  ii.  138,  195. 
Franchises. 

Francus  Plegius,  ii.  94.  Frank- 
pledge. 

*Fratres  Guildhaldae,  ii.  272.  Bre- 
thren of  the  gild-hall,  members  of  the 
Common  Council  of  Windsor. 

Free,  Freedom,  Freemen,  i.  12,  31, 
123,  124.  Those  having  free  trade 
privileges  were  the  '  freemen '  of  a 
town,  they  were  '  free  '  of  the  town, 
they  enjoyed  its  '  freedom.'  A  '  free ' 
baker  (ii.  82)  was  a  person  who  had 
all  the  privileges  of  that  craft.  Cf.  i. 
123,124. 

Frimire,  i.  115.  (Incorrect  reading  of 
frunire.)  To  tan. 

Friscus,  ii.  136.  Fresh,  undressed,  un- 
tanned. 

Frometye,  ii.  279.     Frumenty. 

*Fugator,  ii.  279.     A  hunting  dog. 

*Fullerettus,  ii.  39.  Pertaining  to 
fulling. 

Fumer,  ii.  223.  Fr.  fumier.  Dung, 
muck. 

Fundrible,  ii.  230.  Fr.  fondrille.  Lees, 
dregs. 

Funz,  ii.  230.     Fr.     Bottom. 

Fura,  ii.  iO4  =  fultura.  A  prop  or  sup- 
port. 

Furnire,  ii.  311.     To  bake. 

Furnitor,  ii.  135  =frunitor.  (Cf.  Char- 
tae  Hibern.,  86.)  A  tanner. 

Furthyngman,  ii.  13.  See  Ferthing- 
men. 

Fyllyshape,  i.  123.  Fellowship,  fra- 
ternity. 


Gablium,  ii.  245.     Rent  or  tax. 
Galy-man,  ii.  263.    A  ship-man.    (Ca- 

tholicon,  149,  galy.) 
Garcio,  Garcun,  i.  235  ;   ii.  157.     Fr. 
Servant. 

Garde,  ii.  216.     Fr.     Ward  of  a  town. 

Gardianus,  ii.  62,  63,  87.     Warden. 

Gardinus,  ii.  104.     Garden. 

Garleke,  ii.  96.     Garlic. 

Garnir,  ii.  138,  216.  Fr.  To  warn, 
inform. 

Gate-waiters,  i.  27.  Certain  town  offi- 
cers at  Wigan.  Cf. '  custodes  viarum 
qui  vocantur  Galegeters.'  (Rec.  of 
Nott,  i.  54.)  Gate  =  road,  highway. 

Gavel-yeld,  ii.  39.  House-rent.  (Cf. 
Schmid,  Gesetze,  587 ;  Domesday 
Studies,  142.) 

Gayola,  ii.  147.  Gaol.  (Du  C., 
gaola.) 

*Gay-wite,  Gay-wyt,  ii.  44,  191,  356. 
'  Et  per  hoc  verbum  Gaywite  clamant 
esse  quietos  ab  omnibus  muneribus  et 
vadiis  solvendis  pro  vigiliis  non  factis 
extra  civitatem  praedictam.'  (i.  e. 
Chester.  Harl.  MS.  2057,  fol.  65.) 
Watch  -  money,  ward  -  wite,  ward- 
penny.  (Cf.  Rep.  MSS.  Com.,  1883, 
p.  60;  Plac.  de  q.  W.,  275;  Hale, 
Domesd.  of  St.  P.,  Ixxiii-lxxx.) 

Gefer-scipe,  i.  189.  Gild  or  frater- 
nity. 

Geill  (Sanct),  i.  216.     St.  Giles. 

Geldabilis,  i.  59.     Subject  to  taxation. 

Geldable,  Gildable,  i.  59.  The  tax- 
able land  or  unprivileged  part  of  a 
county. 

Geldare,  i.  59.     To  pay  Danegeld. 

Geldum,  Gelda,  i.  55,  59 ;  ii.  378.  A 
tax,  impost.  Cf.  Gilda. 

Gemot-hus,  i,  81.  Moot-hall,  court- 
house. 

*Generosus,  ii.  348.     Gentleman. 

Gensor,  ii.  176,  177.     See  Chenser. 

Gentilis,  ii.  132,  358.     Gentle,  noble. 

*Geres-givia,  ii.  245.    See  Yeres-give. 

Gernemuta,  i.  140.     Yarmouth. 

Gerner,  ii.  218.   Fr.  A  granary,  garner. 

Gersuma,  ii.  32.  Payment,  fine,  or 
exaction.  (Hale,  Reg.  Prior.  Wig., 
xlii ;  Spelman.) 


406 


Qhesceden,i.  276  =  entscheiden.  Germ. 

To  determine. 

Ghewand,  i.  296.     Germ.     Cloth. 
Ghilda,  Ghylda,  ii.  145,  2i2=gilda. 

A  gild. 
Ghild-hus,  i.  190.    Gild-house,  perhaps 

ale-house. 
Gialda,  Gihalda,  Gihalla,  i.  80,  82, 

189.     Gild-hall. 
Gilda,  i.  119,  216,  229 ;  ii.  4,  187.     A 

gild  or  fraternity ;  membership  of  a 

gild  ;  meeting  of  a  gild. 
Gilda,  i.  60 ;    ii.    1 46.     Tax,  impost, 

payment.     Cf.  Geldum. 
Gilda  Aula,  Guild-aula,  ii.  33,  170, 

207.     Gild-hall. 
Gildable,  i.  59.     See  Geldable. 
Gildagium,  i.  49,  50  ;  ii.  374.     A  gild 

payment  or  exaction. 
Gildalla,  i.  291.     Gild-hall. 
Gilda  Mercatoria.      Gild    merchant. 

(For  the  various  terms  used  to  express 

this  idea,  see  i.  6.) 
Gildan,  Gyldan,  i.  27 ;  ii.  246,  277. 

Gild  officer ;  gildsman. 
*Gildanus,  i.  29;  ii.  5,  8,  204,  277,  290, 

293.     Gildsman  ;  gild-officer. 
*Gildare,  i.  99.     To  gildate,  to  form 

into  a  gild. 

Gildate,  i.  88.     To  form  into  a  gild. 
Gild-day,  i.    118;    ii.    277.      Corpus 

Christi  day,  when  the  crafts  went  in 

procession,  etc. 

Gildein,  ii.  206,  207,  217.    Fr.    Gilds- 
man. 
Gilde-silver,  i.  58,  195  ;  ii.  109.     A 

payment  made  by  stranger  merchants 

for  permission  to  trade  in  a  town,  or 

exercise  the  privileges  of  the  Gild. 
Gildha,  ii.  io5=gilda.     A  gild. 
Gild-hall,  ii.  207.     A  gild.     Cf.  Aula 

and  Dom^s. 

Gild-halla,    i.    81  ;    ii.    203.       Gild- 
hall. 
Gild-holder,  i.  2  7.     A  gild  officer,  one 

who  provided  the  gild  banquet. 
Gild-mele,   ii.    207.     Fr.     Gild-meal, 

gild-feast. 

Gildonia,  i.  283.     A  gild. 
Gildry,  i.  201,   215.     A  Scotch  Gild 

Merchant. 


Gildryman,  i.  203.  A  member  of  a 
Scotch  Gild  Merchant. 

Gild-salle,  i.  196.     Gild-hall. 

Gild-town,  i.  204.  A  town  having  a 
Gild  Merchant. 

*Gild-wlte,  i.  49,  50 ;  ii.  147.  A 
gild  fane  or  exaction.  (For  other 
meanings  of  the  word,  see  Domesday 
Studies,  89,  117;  Schmid,  Gesetze, 
604  ;  Kemble,  Codex  Dip.,  vi.  240  ; 
Liber  de  Hyda,  44.) 

Gippeswicum,  i.  140.     Ipswich. 

Girra,  ii.  216.  Fr.  3  sing.  fut.  ind.  of 
gesir,  to  lie. 

*Glenare,  ii.  308.     To  glean. 

Gratum,  ii.  40.     Grace,  good-will. 

Grawe,  ii.  76.     Grave,  influential. 

Gre,  Grey,  ii.  217,  219.  Fr.  Agree- 
ment, satisfaction. 

Greignor,  Greindre,  i.  125;  ii.  141. 
Fr.  Greater. 

Grevousement,  ii.  207,  223.  Fr. 
Heavily,  severely. 

Grossus,  ii.  19,  37,  185.  Great.  In 
grosso,  per  grossam  (ii.  87),  by 
wholesale. 

Guelda,  i.  294.     A  gild. 

Guihald,  Guilclehalda,  i.  82;  ii.  272. 
Gild-hall. 

Guild-aula,  i.  10.     Gild-hall. 

Guile,  ii.  1 76.     A  gild. 

Gulda,  i.  58,  286.     A  gild. 

*Gustatores,  i.  27  ;  ii.  335.  Tasters; 
officers  of  the  Andover  Gild  who 
seem  to  have  had  charge  of  the  pro- 
visions for  the  Gild  feast ;  testers  of 
ale,  etc.  (ii.  106). 

Guyaula,  ii.  258.     Gild-hall. 

Guyhalda,  ii.  262.     Gild-hall. 

Guy  Ida,  ii.  260.     A  gild. 

Gwilde,  i.  123.     A  gild. 

Gwyld-hawle,  ii.  271.     Gild-hall. 

Gyeres-gyve.     See  Yeres-give. 

Gyldan,  ii.  277.     A  gild-officer. 

*Gyldanus,  ii.  346.     Gildsman. 

Gyll,  ii.  75.     Gaol. 

Habundans,  ii.  61  =abundans.  Abun- 
dant. 

Haia,  ii.  8.  A  hedge,  house,  town. 
(Earle,  Land  Charters,  493,  haga. 


407 


The  meaning  of  the  word  in  ii.  8  is 
not  clear.) 

Halla,  i.  296.     Hall,  gild-hall. 

Halle-house,  ii.  275.     Gild-hall. 

Hamso,  ii.  389.  Apparently  an  in- 
correct reading  of  hansa.  (Perhaps 
hamsocha  is  meant.  See  Du  C., 
hamsocha.) 

Hanaperium,  ii.  353.  The  hanaper 
or  treasury  of  the  King's  Chancery. 

*Hanasterii,  i.  195;  ii.  194.  Persons 
admitted  to  the  Gild  or  freedom  of 
Oxford. 

*Hancerius,  ii.  329 ;  Hansarius,  ii. 
323»  333,  337>  339>  34°  5  Hansorius, 
ii.  321;  Hansere,  ii.  313.  Pertain- 
ing to  the  hanse,  subject  to  certain 
payments.  Cf.  i.  31,  194. 

Hannse,  ii.  1 76  =  haunse.  To  enhance, 
to  increase  the  price.  (Halliwell, 
hanse.) 

Hansa,  Hans,  i.  192-198 ;  ii.  16.  A 
hanse ;  a  mercantile  impost ;  an  en- 
trance-fee ;  a  gild  or  mercantile 
company. 

*Hansagium,  i.  195.  A  tribute  ex- 
acted by  a  gild,  a  mercantile  exaction. 

*Hansare,  i.  296.  To  pay  hanse  or 
tribute. 

*Hansarius,  Hansere.  See  Han- 
cerius. 

*Hanseria,  i.  195.  A  hanse  or  mer- 
cantile tribute. 

Hans-hus,  Hanse-house,  i.  82,  196  ; 
ii.  21,  22.  A  gild-hall;  a  hanse  or 
gild. 

Hansing-silver,  i.  32.  Payment  made 
to  a  hanse  or  gild. 

*Hansorius.     See  Hancerius. 

Hans-pane,  i.  58  ;  ii.  333,  335.  Hanse 
penny,  payment  to  the  hanse. 

Hantachen-sele,  i.  196.  The  hall  of 
the  cnihten  hanse  (?). 

Hantona,  ii.  213.     Southampton. 

Hanza,  i.  198.     A  hanse. 

Harieta,  i.  185.     Heriot.     See  Herie- 

tum. 

Heele,  ii.  207.     To  conceal. 
Hellier,   ii.    57.     Engl.     Thatcher    or 

tiler. 
Herbagium,  ii.  296.     Grass. 


Herbergier,  Herbager,  Herbiger,  ii. 
222,  228.  Fr.  To  harbour  or  lodge. 

Herberwerd,  Herborwed,  ii.  190, 
255.  Harboured,  lodged. 

Herietum,  Harieta,  i.  185  ;  ii.  330. 
A  heriot,  a  deceased  customary  ten- 
ant's best  beast  or  best  chattel  due  to 
his  lord.  (For  heriots  payable  to 
clergy,  see  Thomson,  Magna  Carta, 
208  ;  Kennett,  Gloss.) 

Herle-breking,  i.  234.  Arle-breaking, 
breaking  contract.  (Innes,  Anc. 
Laws,  210.) 

Heyn,  ii.  278.  'To  heyn  the  feast' 
seems  to  mean  '  to  raise,  erect,  or 
provide  for  the  feast.'  Heyn  =  highen, 
from  M. Engl.  hey  =  high.  See  Matz- 
ner,  hesen.  Cf.  i.  27. 

Heyners,  i.  27,  33  ;  ii.  392.  Officers 
who  provided  for  the  gild  feast. 

Heyr,  ii.  226.     Fr.     Heir. 

Hloter,  ii.  256.  Fr.  To  separate  or 
divide.  (Cf.  Roquefort,  lotir.) 

Holde,  ii.  65.     Whole. 

Holding,  ii.  76.  A  share  of  a  town 
bargain. 

Hool,  ii.  257.     Whole,  good,  loyal. 

Hostium,  ii.  8  =  ostium.     Door. 

Hundredum,  ii.  202,  341,  342.  A 
sub-division  of  the  county  ;  a  hundred 
court.  Hundredum  forinsecum  (ii. 
341),  that  part  of  the  hundred  lying 
outside  the  town. 

Hurts,  ii.  15.  Whortle-berries.  (Still 
common  in  Sussex  dialect.) 

Hus,  ii.  157.     Fr.     A  door. 

Hutesium,  ii.  341.  Hue  and  cry  raised 
in  pursuing  a  malefactor.  (Du  C., 
huesium.) 

Hynen,  ii.  255.     Men. 


I,  ii.  157  =  Y.     Fr.     There. 

lad,  ii.  256  =  y  a.     Fr.     There  is. 

Illoeqes,  ii.  232.     Fr.     There. 

Impechiamentum,  i.  44.  Impedi- 
ment. 

Impetitio,  ii.  62.  Hindrance,  demand, 
unjust  claim.  (Cf.  Hohlbaum,  iii. 

5550 
Implacltare,  ii.  154.     To  implead. 


408 


*Imponere,    Inponere,    ii.    33,   307. 
To  charge  or  accuse. 

Inbreviare,  i.  234.     To  register. 

*Incidere,  ii.  88.  To  belong  or  per- 
tain to. 

*Incompetenter,  ii.  341.  Immediately. 

*Inconsultus,  ii.  318.     Doubtful. 

Incontinent!,  Incontinenter,  ii.  95, 
260.  Incontinently,  at  once. 

Incorporeity,  i.  104.     Incorporation. 

Inde,  ii.  61,  89.  Thereon,  thereof, 
therefrom. 

Indentare,  ii.  239.     To  indent. 

Indentura,  ii.  259.     An  indenture. 

*Indigines,  ii.  258  =  indigena.  A 
native  or  resident  of  a  town. 

Indilate,  i.  231.     Without  delay. 

Infongen-thef,  Infangene-thef,  ii.  38, 
356.  Engl.  Right  of  trying  thieves 
caught  within  a  privileged  district  or 
manor.  (Bracton,  ii.  540.) 

*Infortunitum,  Infortunia,  i.  94  ;  ii. 
ii2.  Misadventure,  mishap. 

Ingesegil,  i.  279.     Germ.     A  seal. 

Ingrossir,  ii.  268.  An  engrosser.  (Cf. 
i.  128. 

Inn-burgess,  ii.  200.  A  burgess 
dwelling  in  the  town. 

Inninge,  i.  114,  295.  Germ.  The 
privilege  of  trading ;  a  gild.  (Cf. 
Hohlbaum,  iii.  555.) 

*Inponere,  ii.  307.  To  charge  with  an 
offence. 

Inprisonamentum,  ii.  88,  283.  Im- 
prisonment. 

Inprisonare,  ii.  307.  To  put  in 
prison. 

Inrotulare,  Irrotulare,  ii.  258,  259. 
To  enroll  or  register. 

Insultare,  ii.  305.     To  assault,  attack. 

Intermittere,  ii.  39i=immiscere.  To 
mix.  (Cf.  Du  C.) 

Intrant,  i.  50.  Engl.  A  person  al- 
lowed to  exercise  trade  temporarily. 

*Intrinsecus,  i.  66 ;  ii.  13,  14,  52, 125. 
In-dwelling,  resident ;  a  citizen.  In- 
trinsecum  hundredum,  ii.  341,  that 
part  of  the  hundred  situated  within 
the  town. 

*Intrinsus,  ii.  352.  Belonging  to  a 
citizen. 


Introitus,  ii.  22,  137,  296.  Entrance, 
entrance-fee. 

Intromittere,  i.  115,  208;  ii.  112. 
To  interfere,  intermeddle,  or  inter- 
pose. 

Inward,  ii.  67,  70.  Probably  means 
within  the  town. 

*Irrevertere,  ii.  31.     Not  to  return. 

Irrigulatus,  ii.  36o  =  irregulatus.  Badly 
regulated. 

Irrotulamentum,  ii.  124.  Enroll- 
ment. 

*Irrotularius,  ii.  334.  An  enroller  or 
registrar. 

Issi,  ii.  205.     Fr.     So,  thus. 

Issir,  ii.  215.     Fr.     To  go  out. 

Issue,  ii.  221.  Fr.  Egress,  issue, 
export. 

Itiel,  ii.  214.     Fr.     Such. 

Ja  le  meynz  ne,  ii.  219.  Fr.  Never- 
theless. 

Jaiitaculum.  Jentaculum,  ii.  96-98, 
102.  Collation. 

Jheres-cheve,  ii.  358.   See  Yares-give. 

Judiciarius,  i.  298.     A  judge. 

*Judicium,  i.  3,  178.  Judgment  or 
regulation. 

Jurata,  ii.  45,  53.     Jury. 

Jurator,  ii.  38.     Juryman. 

Jurors,  Jurats,  Jureis,  Jourez,  i.  87  ; 
ii.  151,  217,  221.  Civic  magistrates, 
members  of  a  town  council. 

Jus,  i.  29  ;  ii.  4-6.     A  lawful  fee. 

Justificare,  ii.  316,  330.  To  try  a 
person  charged  with  an  offence. 

Justicia,  Justiciarius,  ii.  116,  172. 
A  justice  or  judge. 

Kaiagium,  Kayagium,  i.  195  ;  ii.  363, 
374.  Quayage,  dues  for  loading  or 
unloading  a  ship. 

Kancia,  ii.  387  =  Kantia.     Kent. 

Kele-men,  ii.  382.   Ship-men,  mariners. 

*Kerka,  i.  270.     Judgment,  charge. 

*Keverage,  ii.  390.  This  seems  to  be 
the  same  word  as  cuveragium  and 
coverage.  (See  Devon.  Assoc.,  xii. 
324;  Rec.  Office,  Conf.  Rolls,  2  Hen. 
VIII,  p.  6,  m.  3.) 

Keyl-toll,  ii.  44.     Keel-toll,  a  payment 


409 


levied   on   every  ship   landing  with 

merchandise  at  the  town  quay. 
Kief,  i.    270.     Fr.     A  head,   a   chief 

court  of  appeal. 

Knytte-gilda,  i.  187.     Cnihten  gild. 
Kran,  ii.    72.     Engl.     A    crane.     (Cf. 

Hohlbaum,  iii.  557.) 

Laborator,  Laborarius,  ii.  366.  Plow- 
man, workman. 

Lage-mannus,  i.  185.  Law-man  or 
judge. 

Lagena,  i.  27;  ii.  102,  237,  295,  335. 
Gallon. 

Lancettus,  ii.  30  =  North  Engl.  land- 
sete.  A  class  of  villein  peasants, 
(Spelman;  Jose,  de  Brak.,  150.) 

Lanuga,  ii.  206.     Fr.     Woollen. 

Lanutus,  Lanatus,  i.  232  ;  ii.  52,  286. 
Woolly.  Pellis  lanuta,  a  wool-fell. 

Lastagium,  ii.  388.     See  Lestagium. 

Lastum,  Lestum,  Lasta,  i.  233  ;  ii. 
43>  359-  A  l°a(l  or  last,  a  measure 
equal  to  twelve  barrels  offish,  twelve 
sacks  of  wool,  etc.  (Halliwell ; 
Prompt.,  299.) 

Lauche,  i.  199.     Law. 

Lauticia,  ii.  128.  Dainty  food,  a  deli- 
cacy. (Du  C.,  lautia.) 

*Lavagium,  Levagium,  i.  27.  At 
Yarmouth  this  was  a  toll  for  landing 
wares,  or  transferring  them  from  one 
vessel  to  another. 

Law-day,  i.  65  ;  ii.  105,  273.  A  court 
day,  a  meeting  of  the  court  leet  or 
principal  borough  court,  generally 
held  twice  or  three  times  during  the 
year. 

Leal,  Leel,  i.  209 ;  ii.  256.  Fr. 
Loyal,  legal. 

Leaul,  ii.  226.     Fr.     Legal,  loyal. 

Leaumentz,  ii.  229.  Fr.  Loyally, 
legally. 

Leave-looker.     See  Leve-looker. 

Leave-lookerage,  i.  27.  This  word 
probably  has  the  same  meaning  as 
Leve. 

Leawe,  ii.  227.     Fr.  1'eau.     Water. 

Legalis  Homo,  ii.  115,  116,  119.  A 
law-worthy  man,  i.  e.  a  man  who  has 
not  '  lost  his  law ' ;  hence  a  person 


qualified  to  appear  as  witness,  etc.  in 
a  court  of  law,  to  serve  on  juries,  etc. 
(Cf.  Pike,  Crime,  i.  450.) 

Leisive,  ii.  206  (?leisnie).  Fr.  A  band 
wherewith  to  tie  anything,  a  leash. 

LeiJ>,  ii.  255.     Engl.     Lendeth. 

Lene,  i.  27.     See  Leve. 

Leodiensis,  i.  269.     Of  Liege. 

Lerrount,  ii.  224.  Fr.  3  pi.  fut.  ind. 
of  lesser,  to  leave,  omit. 

Lestageum,  Lastagium,  ii.  178,  211, 
388.  Lastage,  toll  or  payment  ex- 
acted in  markets  and  fairs,  perhaps 
for  buying  and  selling  goods  by 
measure.  (Cf.  Spelman ;  Liber.  Cust, 
812;  '  Lestage,  id  est,  consuetude 
exacta  in  nundinis  et  mercatis.' 
Liber  de  Hyda,  44.) 

Lestum,  ii.  359.     See  Lastum. 

Levagium,  i.  27.     See  Lavagium. 

Levare,  ii.  31,  34,  364.  To  establish  ; 
to  levy. 

*Leve,  i.  27;  ii.  356.  A  mercantile 
levy  or  impost,  a  fee  for  permission 
to  trade. 

Leve-looker,  Leve-loker,  Leave- 
looker,  i.  27.  A  gild  officer  who 
looked  after  the  collection  of  the 
'leve'  or  fees  for  permission  to  trade. 

Lenna,  ii.  147.     Lynn  in  Norfolk. 

Lewe,  ii.  205.  Fr.  lieue.  A  league, 
three  miles. 

Lewe,  ii.  68.     Engl.     Leave. 

*Lex,  Ley,  i.  108 ;  ii.  206.  The  burghal 
freedom  or  franchise. 

*Lex,  ii.  299,  305,  308,  315,  340-342. 
The  wager  of  law,  compurgation ; 
vadiare  legem  =  to  wage  law,  to  give 
security  to  clear  one's  self  by  com- 
purgation, i.e.  facere  legem.  (Rec. 
of  Nott.,  i.  451.) 

Liber,  Libertas,  i.  236  ;  ii.  8,  87, 103, 
290,  310,  319.  See  Free. 

Liberalis,  ii.  2i=liber.     Free. 

Liberare,  ii.  38,  39,  305.  To  deliver 
or  pay. 

Libertas,  ii.  254.  A  liberty,  franchise, 
or  privileged  district,  with  its  own 
jurisdiction. 

Libertates,  ii.  20.  The  boundaries  of 
a  franchise. 


Liberatio,  ii.  333.     Payment. 

Liber  Burgus,  ii.  385.     Free  borough. 

See  i.  5. 

Licentiare,  i.  115.     To  license. 
Ligeancia,  ii.  no.     Allegiance. 
Ligeus,  ii.  112.     A  liegeman,  a  subject. 
Limun,  ii.  206.    Fr.    Shaft  of  a  vehicle. 

(La  C.,  limon.) 

*Linia,  ii.  44.     Linen.     Cf.  Fr.  linge. 
Liths-man,  i.  186.      Ship-man,  ship- 
owner. 
Live-lode,  ii.   142,   249.     Livelihood, 

means  of  support,  estate. 
Lok,  ii.  219.     Fr.     A  lock. 
Longevus,  i.  276.     Long. 
Loos,  ii.  255.    Reputation,  good  fame, 

report.     (Prompt.,  148,  313.) 
Lot,  Loth,  i.  53,  55  ;  ii.  110,  211,  374, 

376  ;  Lotamum,  ii.  150 ;  Lottum, 

ii.  189,  192.    Lot,  tribute,  or  pay- 
ment.    (Cf.  Du  C.,  loO 
Lot,  Loth,  i.  232,  239;  ii.  46.     A  lot 

or  share.     Cf.  Cavil. 
Lote  and  Scot,  ii.  138.     To  pay  taxes. 

See  Scot  and  Lot. 
Lotel,  ii.  228  (read  locel).     Fr.  lusel. 

A  box,  tray.     (Godefroy ;  cf.  Du  C., 

locellus.) 
*Lottantus,    ii.     132  =  lottans.      See 

Lottare. 
*Lottare,  i.  55  ;  ii.  120,  123,  175.     To 

be  in  lot,  to  contribute  to  local  rates 

and  taxes. 
Lotum,  i.   291.     A  liquid  measure  of 

about  two    pints.     (Du  C.,  lothum ; 

cf.  Hohlbaum,  iii.  560.) 
Loynteignite,  ii.  49.     Fr.     Distance. 
Ludelawe,  i.  46.     Ludlow. 
Luicens,   Lycens,  ii.    72,  73.     Engl. 

A  licence. 
Luminare,  ii.  302.     Lamp  or  candle 

kept  burning  on  the  altar  of  a  church. 

(Cf.  Kennett.) 

Luy,  ii.  220.     Fr.     A  place. 
Ly,  ii.  218.     Fr.     For  himself. 


Macecrier,  ii.  205.     Fr.     A  butcher. 
Mactare,  ii.  309.     To  kill  or  slaughter. 
Maior,  i.  227.    A  mayor. 
*Male-gestura,  ii.  369.   An  evil  deed. 


Mane-loquium,  i.  32  ;  ii.  345.  A 
meeting  of  the  Gild  Merchant,  a 
morrow-speech.  Cf.  loquela  matu- 
tinalis,  i.  32. 

Mangnus,  ii.  296  =  magnus.     Great. 

Mango,  i.  a.  A  trader,  a  monger. 
(Hohlbaum,  iii.  561.) 

*Manu-agere,  ii.  389.  To  manage,  to 
carry  on. 

Manu-capere,  ii.  94.  To  give  surety 
for. 

Manu-captio,  ii.  283.  Mainprise  or 
surety. 

*Manu  -  factura,  Mani-factura,  ii. 
285.  A  manufacture. 

*Manu-operalis,  i.  117.  Manual,  relat- 
ing to  a  handicraft. 

Manu-opus,  i.  115.     Handiwork. 

Manu-pastus,  ii.  307,  330.     Servant. 

Manus,  ii.  305.  A  compurgator's  hand, 
a  compurgator.  Est  ad  legem  se 
sexta  manu,  the  accused  is  to  swear 
together  with  five  compurgators. 
(Cf.  Rec.  ofNott.,  ii.  465.) 

Manu-tenere,  ii.  184.     To  maintain. 

Marcatorius,  ii.  348.  Relating  to 
trade. 

*Marcenarius,  i.  128.  A  mercer  or 
dealer  in  small  wares,  a  retail  dealer ; 
later  a  silk  or  cloth  merchant.  Cf. 
below,  Mercenarius. 

Marcher,  ii.  205.  Fr.  To  bargain, 
purchase. 

Marescallus,  ii.  94.     A  marshal. 

Marettum,  ii.  293.  A  marsh.  (Du 
C.,  maretum.) 

Marinarius,  ii.  361.  Mariner  or  sea- 
man. 

Mase,  i.  296.     The  Meuse. 

Mastilio,  i.  232.     Mixed  grain,  maslin. 

Masuagium,  i.  71.     Messuage. 

Matutinae,  ii.  1 70.     Matins. 

Maudir,  Mesdire,  ii.  217.  Fr  To 
speak  evil,  to  defame. 

Maufsre,  ii.  217.     Fr.     To  do  evil. 

Maunder,  ii.  218.     Fr.     To  demand. 

Maundy,  ii.  125.     Maundy  Thursday. 

Maylle,  ii.  229.  Fr.  Half-penny,  small 
piece  of  brass  money.  (Cf.  Liber 
Cust.,  740.) 

Me,  ii.  255.     Engl.     They. 


411 


Media  Xlma  (Media  Quadragesima), 
ii.  8.  Mid-Lent. 

Mendre,  Meyndre,  Mener,  ii.  226, 
228.  Fr.  To  dwell. 

*Mensura,  i.  27.  Moderation.  (Cf. 
Prompt.,  335.) 

Mentionare,  ii.  367.     To  mention. 

*Mercalis,  ii.  40,  43.  Relating  to 
trade. 

Mercandizare,  i.  54  ;  ii.  16.  To 
trade. 

*Mercandizius,  ii.  113.  Relating  to 
trade. 

*Mercandus,  ii.  202.  Relating  to 
trade. 

Mercantia,  i.  206.     Merchandise. 

Mercatorium,  i.  235.  Market,  market- 
place. 

Mercatorius,  *Mercantorius,  i.  117; 
ii.  212.  Relating  to  trade. 

Mercatus,  i.  290.     Merchandise. 

Mercenarius,  *Marcenarius,  Mer- 
cerius,  Mercerus,  i.  128;  ii.  245, 
280.  A  mercer  or  dealer  in  small 
wares,  a  merchant,  a  retailer  ;  later  a 
silk  or  ckJth  merchant.  (Cf.  Innes, 
Anc.  Laws,  18,  213  ;  Acta  Parl.  Scot., 

i-  3390 

Merceria,  ii.  280.     Mercery. 
Merchandisa,   Merchandiza,  ii.   19, 

191,  376.     Merchandise,  trade. 
Merchandizare,  ii.  171.     To  trade. 
Merci,  Mercy,  ii.  217.    Fr.    A  fine  or 

amercement. 
Merciamentum,    i.    239.     A    fine   or 

amercement. 

*Mereimonialis,  ii.  127.     Mercantile. 
Meremium,  ii.  157,  290.     Timber. 
Merz,  ii.  205.     Fr.     Merchandise. 
Mes,  ii.  215.     Fr.     A  mess  or  dish. 
Mes,  ii.  230.     Fr.     Moreover,  again. 
Mese,  ii.  279.     Engl.     A  mess,  dish. 
Mesel,  Meseau,  ii.  215.    Fr.    A  leper, 

a  mesel.     (Cf.  Prompt,  339;  Liber 

Cust,  742.) 
Messuagium,    Mesuagium,    ii.    203, 

353.     Messuage. 

Mester,  ii.  255.    Fr.    Mystery  or  craft. 
Mester,  ii.  221,  225.     Fr.     Need. 
*Mestuosus,    ii.    128.     Cf.    maestus. 

Mourning. 


Mete-oyl,  ii.  26.     Meat-oil. 

Meynprendre,  ii.  230.  Fr.  To  be- 
come surety. 

Meyser,  ii.  15.  Mazard,  a  kind  of 
cherry. 

Mie,  Mye,  ii.  140.     Fr.     Not. 

Miles,  ii.  124.     A  knight. 

Mill-heymer,  i.  27  (?  mill-heyner).  A 
mill-keeper. 

*Milwellus,  ii.  44.  A  melwel,  or 
green-fish,  much  used  in  former  times 
for  salting  as  stockfish.  (Liber 
Cust.,  816  ;  Liber  Albus,  Gloss.,  394  ; 
Du  C.,  mulvellus.) 

Ministerium,  i.  115,  292.  Mystery, 
trade,  or  craft. 

Misericordia,  ii.  6,  115,  297.  Arbi- 
trary fine,  amercement.  (Liber  Cust., 
694;  Schmid,  Gesetze,  632.) 

Missa,  ii.  128.     A  mass. 

Mistera,  Misterium,  i.  124;  ii.  38, 
368.  Mystery,  trade,  or  craft. 

*Mistling,  ii.  19.  (A  corruption  of  mis- 
kenning.)  Fine  exacted  for  an  error 
in  pleading.  (Liber  Cust,  743  ; 
Schmid,  Gesetze,  632.) 

Modernus,  ii.  361.  New,  modern, 
present. 

Moele,  ii.  218.    Fr.     Mill-stone. 

Molatis,  ii.  127.     Relating  to  a  mill. 

Momonia,  ii.  286.     Munster. 

Monetaria,  ii.  253.     A  mint 

Mordalis,  ii.  45.     Nun. 

Moot-hall,  Mote-hall,  i.  81.  Court- 
house or  town-hall. 

Moravia,  i.  197.     Moray. 

Morgespeche,  ii.  293  ;  Magespeche, 
ii.  6;  Morowspeche,  ii.  152,  348; 
Morespeche,  ii.  289,  293  ;  Mor- 
ghespeche,  i.  32 ;  ii.  294 ;  Mor- 
spech,  ii.  293  ;  Morhespeche,  ii.  5, 
7,  8 ;  Morwspech,  ii.  344 ;  Mor- 
wenspeche,  ii.  143;  Moragespeche, 
Mornspeche,  i.  32 ;  Marwinspeche, 
ii.  137.  Morrow- speech  or  meeting 
of  the  Gild  Merchant.  See  i.  32. 

Mortkyne,  ii.  286.  Skins  of  sheep 
which  have  died  of  disease.  (Haly- 
burton,  354;  cf.  Halliwell,  morkin.) 

Mosa,  i.  297.     The  river  Meuse.    • 

Mot,  i.  299.     See  En  hest  mot. 


412 


Mote-hall,  Moot-hall,  i.  81.  Court- 
house or  town-hall. 

Mot-horn,  ii.  32.  The  town-horn  used 
for  summoning  courts,  etc.  (Cf. 
Jose,  de  Brak.,  136.) 

Moto,  ii.  100.  A  wether,  mutton,  or 
sheep.  Cf.  Multo. 

Mountance,  ii.  140.    Fr.    An  amount. 

Mouvoir,  ii.  139.  Fr.  (Read  mues 
for  unies.)  To  stir,  move,  or  arouse. 

*Mulctura,  ii.  87.     A  mulct  or  fine. 

Multo,  ii.  123.     A  wether  or  sheep. 

Multotiens,  ii.  156.     Often. 

Multura,  i.  232.  Fee  for  grinding  corn, 
multure. 

Munimen  Sigilli,  i.  298.  The  impres- 
sion of  a  seal. 

*Munire,  ii.  290.  To  instruct  or  ad- 
monish. 

Muragium,  i.  195 ;  ii.  42.  Murage, 
toll  for  the  maintenance  of  the  town 
walls. 

Murdrum,  ii.  363.  Penalty  paid  by 
the  district  in  which  a  man  is  found 
secretly  killed. 

Murra,  ii.  311.  A  drinking  vessel,  a 
maser. 

Mussa,  ii.  204.     Fr.     Moss. 

Mys,  ii.  224.  Fr.  House,  a  mes- 
suage. 

Naidgaires,  i.  264.  Fr.   Not  long  ago, 

recently. 
Namer,  ii.  219.    Fr.    To  distrain,  levy 

distress. 
Uamium,  ii.  183,  253.     Distraint,  legal 

distress. 
Naperie,   i.    128.     Fr.     Table  linen, 

napery. 
Warrator,    ii.    7.       An    advocate,    a 

pleader  in  a   law  court.      (Cowell ; 

Liber  Albus,  Gloss.,  395.) 
Natale,  i.  238.  Christmas. 
Wativus,  ii.  123,  191.  A  naif,  native 

(i.  30),  i.e.  a  born  bondman. 
Nautorum,  ii.  286- -nautarum.  Sailors. 
*N"egotiare,  ii.  285.     To  engage  in,  to 

set  to  work. 

Nent,  Nient,  ii.  158,  205.     Fr.     Not. 
Noetanter,  ii.  170.    By  night. 
Nocumentum,  ii.  50.    Damage,  injury. 


Worhtz,  ii.  225.     Fr.     North. 

Norrenses,  ii.  377.  Northmen,  Nor- 
wegians and  Danes.  Cf.  Fr.  Norreis. 

Nosme,  Noun,  i.  94 ;  ii.  206.  Fr. 
A  name. 

Nule,  Nul,  Nullus,  ii.  205,  256,  259  = 
ullus.  Any,  anyone. 

Nuzt,  ii.  215,  216.     Fr.     Night. 

Obeysant,  ii.  82.     Engl.     Obedient. 

Obicere,  ii.  331  =objicere.  To  re- 
proach, to  refute. 

Oblatio,  ii.  330.  An  oblation  from  the 
parishioners  to  their  priest.  (See 
Kennett,  Par.  Antiq.,  Gloss.) 

Obolus,  ii.  14.     Half-penny. 

Occasio,  ii.  139,  244,  387.  Hindrance, 
molestation,  charge. 

Occasionare,  ii.  19,  290.  To  molest, 
accuse. 

*Occupare,  ii.  105.  To  carry  on  a 
trade  or  occupation. 

Oculi,  i.  299.  Dominica  qua  cantatur 
Oculi,  Third  Sunday  of  Lent. 

Od,  ii.  214.     Fr.     With. 

Oeps,  ii.  230.     Fr.     Use. 

Offertorium,  ii.  129.  Offertory,  part 
of  the  mass. 

Offlcium,  i.  115,  234.  A  craft,  trade, 
or  occupation. 

Onnys,  Oon,  ii.  68,  380.    Engl.     One. 

*Opella,  ii.  345.  A  shop.  (Diefen- 
bach.) 

Optinere,  i.  233  ;  ii.  354  =  obtinere. 

Ordum,  ii.  99  =  ordeum,  hordeum. 
Barley. 

Ostrey,  ii.  1 33.     Hostel,  inn. 

Ou,  Ouue,  ii.  140,  157,  255.  Fr.  ove. 
With. 

Oui,  ii.  218.     Fr.  ou.     Or. 

Ouster,  ii.  219.    Fr.    To  oust,  remove. 

Outtane,  i.  258.     Engl.     Except. 

Ovesque,  ii.  214,  216.     Fr.     With. 

Owe,  ii.  228.     Fr.     Goose. 

Ownestlye,  ii.  73.     Honestly. 

Owting,  ii.  190.  Putting  out  or  dis- 
playing wares  for  sale. 

Oyer,  ii.  141,  187.     Fr.     To  hear. 

Oynt,  ii.  206.  Fr.  Grease,  lard. 
(Godefroy,  oint ;  Liber  Albus,  Gloss., 
3450 


413 


Paagium,  ii.  179.  Toll  or  payment, 
comprising  all  kinds  of  tolls  or  mer- 
cantile exactions. 

Pacare,  ii.  6.     To  pay,  satisfy. 

*Pactionarius,  ii.  245.  A  person  al- 
lowed to  trade  after  agreeing  to  pay 
tribute  to  the  town. 

Pagina,  i.  293.     A  charter. 

Paier,  ii.  221.     Fr.     To  satisfy,  pay. 

*Pandaxator,  ii.  135.  A  brewer. 
(Wright,  i.  688,  pandoxator.) 

Pandoxare,  ii.  376.    To  brew. 

Paneal,  ii.  204.  Fr.  panneau.  Cushion 
of  a  saddle,  pannel.  (Cf.  Du  C., 
panellum.) 

Pannagium,  ii.  44.  Pannage,  the 
privilege  of  feeding  swine  in  the 
woods,  money  paid  for  this  privilege. 

Pannarius,  ii.  8, 132.    Draper,  clothier. 

Papira,  i.  31.     A  paper  or  record. 

Parcella,  ii.  99.     A  parcel  or  portion. 

Parcener,  ii.  214,  218.     Fr.     Partner. 

Pares,  ii.  259.  Peers,  bailiffs.  (Cf.  dusi- 
peri,  in  Kitchin,  Winchester,  164.) 

Parmentarius,  Parmenter,  ii.  6,  60, 
206.  Tailor. 

Parrochianus,  i.  291.     Parishioner. 

Particulatim,  Per  Particulas,  ii. 
173,179.  By  retail. 

Partir,  ii.  205,  219.  To  share  or 
divide. 

Passagium,  i.  9;  ii.  191,  251.  Pas- 
sage money  levied  on  merchants  visit- 
ing markets  and  fairs.  It  was  thus 
explained  by  the  burgesses  of  Chester, 
probably  in  the  early  part  of  the  six- 
teenth century :  '  Et  per  hoc  verbum 
passagium  clamant  quod  ipsi  sint 
quieti  de  omnibus  passagiis  pro  ali- 
quibus  mercandisis  et  aliis  rebus  suis 
per  ipsos  emptis  seu  venditis  in  ali- 
quibus  nundinis,  marcatis  seu  aliis 
locis,'  etc.  (Harl.  MS.  2057,  f°l-  65  ; 
cf.  vol.  ii.  p.  44.) 

Pathing-stone,  ii.  127.  Paving-stone. 
(Cf.  Jamieson,  pa  thit  =  paved.) 

Patinus,  i.  290.  A  clog  or  wooden 
shoe ;  a  counter. 

Patria,  ii.  181.     A  jury. 

Paupirus,  ii.  258  =  papyrus.  A 
register. 


Pavagium,  i.  195 ;  ii.  258.  Pavage, 
toll  levied  for  the  paving  of  the  town 
streets. 

Peal,  ii.  206.  Fr.  peau.  Skin  or 
hide. 

Peer,  i.  112  ;  ii.  83.  An  equal,  an  ex- 
officer.  '  Sheriff's  peers,'  persons  who 
had  held  the  office  of  sheriff. 

Pees,  Pes,  ii.  216,  220.     Fr.     Peace. 

Peletrie,  Peltrie,  Peletrine,  i.  128; 
ii.  220.  Fr.  Peltry,  skins,  furs.  (Per- 
haps poletrie,  poultry,  should  be  sub- 
stituted for  peletrie,  ii.  220.  See 
Davies,  Southamp.,  143.) 

Pellifex,  i.  295.     A  skinner. 

Pelliparius,  i.  236;  ii.  35.     A  skinner. 

Pendre,  ii.  217.     Fr.     To  belong. 

Pensio,  i.  299.     Payment  or  due. 

Peot,  ii.  206.     Fr.  peut.     Can. 

Per,  ii.  289  =  pro.     For. 

*Peramenator,  ii.  7.  Parmenter,  tailor. 
(Du  C.,  permentarius.) 

*Periclitans,  ii.  361.  Venturing.  Mer- 
cator  periclitans,  a  merchant  venturer. 

Permissere,  ii.  4  =  permiscere.  (Read 
permissent  for  promittant.)  To  mix. 

Perpetualiter,  i.  276.     Perpetually. 

Persona,  ii.  342.  Parson  or  beneficed 
clerk. 

Pertinentia,  ii.  17,  203.  Appurten- 
ance. 

Pes,  Pees,  ii.  216,  220.     Fr.     Peace. 

Pesagium,  ii.  256,  261.  Pesage,  toll 
or  duty  for  weighing  wares. 

Peschalme,  ii.  233.  Pea-straw.  (Halli- 
well,  peasham.) 

Pessoner,  Peissonyr,  ii.  205,  225.  Fr. 
Fisherman  or  fishmonger. 

Pestur,  ii.  177.  Baker.  (La  C., 
pest  or.) 

Peys,  ii.  141.     Fr.  pois.     Weight. 

Picagium,  ii.  261.  Duty  paid  by  a 
stronger  in  markets  and  fairs  to  break 
the  ground  and  erect  a  stall. 

Pictavia,  ii.  174.     Poitou. 

Piert,  ii.  49.  Fr.  3  sing.  pres.  ind.  of 
perer,  to  appear. 

Pillorium,  ii.  238.     Pillory. 

Pincerna,  Pynserna,  ii.  93,  331.  A 
butler,  an  officer  of  the  gild. 

Pipa,  ii.  302.    Pipe. 


414 


Piratia,  ii.  112.     Piracy. 

*Piscaria,  i.  1 95.  Tribute  or  duty  paid 
by  fishmongers  or  fishermen. 

Pissis,  ii.  30i=piscis.     Fish. 

*Pixis,  i.  146.     Chest,  treasury. 

Placea,  ii.  39,  169,  295.  A  place,  open 
plot  in  a  town. 

Placebo,  ii.  165.  Vesper  service  for 
the  dead,  so  called  from  the  beginning 
of  the  anthem. 

Placidum,  ii.  21=  placitum.     A  plea. 

Placitare,  i.  231  ;  ii.  33.  To  plead  or 
implead. 

Platea,  i.  292.  Street,  open  plot  in  a 
town. 

Play,  Plait,  i.  270;  ii.  219.  Fr.  Plea 
or  action. 

Ploayt,  ii.  67.     Engl.     Impleaded. 

Plegium,  Plegius,  Pleggius,  Plegge, 
ii.  4,  30,  34,  224.  Surety  or  pledge. 

*Plena  Gilda,  i.  119.  Probably  a 
general  or  public  meeting  of  the 
gild,  as  distinguished  from  a  meeting 
of  the  governing  body.  Cf.  ii.  1-3. 

Plenarie,  ii.  356.     Fully. 

Plenarius,  i.  233.     Full. 

Plevir,  ii.  224.  Fr.  To  pledge,  to  put 
under  surety. 

Plevyne,  ii.  224.  Fr.  A  pledge,  surety- 
ship. 

Pleyne,  ii.  66.     Full. 

Poer,  i.  56  ;  ii.  230.     Fr.     Power. 

Poin,  ii.  216.     Fr.  poing.     Fist. 

Point,  Poinct,  Poynt,  ii.  70,  214, 
220,  372.  Engl.  and  Fr.  Ordin- 
ance or  regulation. 

Point,  i.  107,  A  lace  used  to  tie  to- 
gether parts  of  a  person's  dress. 

Pole,  ii.  149.     Engl.     A  poll  or  head. 

Polein,  ii.  228.     Fr.     Pulley. 

Pompesus,  i.  27  =  pomposus.  Pom- 
pous, boastful. 

Pondagium,  Pontagium,  i.  195  ;  ii. 
17,  258.  Pontage,  toll  for  the  main- 
tenance of  bridges. 

Porca,  ii.  94  =  porta.     Gate. 

Portage,  i.  136.  Cargo  of  imported 
wares  (?) 

Portagium,  i.  239.  Carriage  or  trans- 
portation. 

Portmane-broc,  ii.  203,  204.     A  mea- 


dow belonging  to  the  burgesses  of 
Reading. 

Portmannesethe,  ii.  172.  A  heath 
belonging  to  the  burgesses  of  Malmes- 
bury. 

*Port-manni,  Port-menni,  ii.  118, 
119,122,127.  The  twelve  men  form- 
ing the  common  council  of  Ipswich. 

Port-moot,  ii.  148 ;  Porti-motum,  ii. 
244  ;  Port-manne-mot.  i.  87  ;  ii.  30. 
Borough  moot  or  court.  (Cf.  i.  64.) 

Posse,  i.  209.     Power. 

Potatio,  ii.  153,  331.  (Cf.  i.  33;  ii. 
1 6 1.)  Compotation,  gild  meeting. 

Potellum,  ii.  104.  A  pottle,  a  measure 
of  two  quarts. 

Potestas,  i.  14.  Dominion  or  territory 
of  a  lord  or  ruler. 

Potuary,  ii.  2o8  =  poticary.  Apothe- 
cary. 

Pot-wallinge,  ii.  175.  Pot-boiling, 
being  a  pot-waller. 

Poynct,  Poynt,  ii.  70.  Engl.  Or- 
dinance or  regulation. 

Poynctement,  ii.  71.     Appointment. 

Poynter,  ii.  130.  Maker  of  point  or 
lace. 

Preantea,  ii.  280.     Before,  formerly. 

Precaria,  i.  294.     Tribute,  payment. 

Precintus,  Precintum,  Procinctus, 
Procintum,  ii.  19,  20,  54,  62-64, 
213.  A  precinct,  a  bounded  district. 

*Preficere,  ii.  369.  To  admonish  or 
command. 

Prelibacio,  i.  292.  Preliminary  colla- 
tion, antepast. 

Pre  manibus,  ii.  259.     At  once. 

Premunire,  i.  209  ;  ii.  34  =  prae- 
monere.  To  admonish,  to  cite. 

Prepositura,  Prepositatus,  ii.  116, 
150.  Provostship,  office  of  borough 
reeve. 

Frepositus,  i.  209 ;  ii.  358.  Borough 
reeve,  bailiff,  or  provost. 

Pres,  ii.  49  (read  pies).  Fr.  Good, 
pious. 

Prester,  ii.  221.  Fr.  To  lend,  to  give 
on  credit. 

Presumptor,  i.  298.     An  offender. 

Pretor,  i.  71.  One  of  the  principal 
town  officers  of  Preston,  a  bailiff. 


415 


Pretorium,  i.  216.  Gild-hall  or  town- 
hall. 

Preu,  Pru,  ii.  230,  256.  Fr.  Profit, 
advantage. 

Prima,  Prime,  ii.  214,  230,  291.  Fr. 
First,  the  first  ecclesiastical  hour. 

Prime,  *Prima,  i.  291  ;  ii.  161,  162. 
A  principal  meeting. 

Prisa,  Prise,  ii.  119,  227,  370.  Fr. 
Duty  levied  for  the  king  upon  pro- 
visions, especially  wines.  (Cowell ; 
Liber  Cust,  753,  821.) 

Priso,  ii.  119.     Prisoner. 

Prisona,  ii.  61.  Prison.  Prisonam 
habere,  ii.  35,  to  be  in  prison. 

Prive,  Privet,  ii.  218,  219,  221.  Fr. 
Citizen. 

Privet  Gild,  ii.  i.  Meeting  of  the 
governing  body  of  a  gild,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the '  full,'  '  public/  or 
'  common '  gild.  Cf.  ii.  2,  3  ;  and 
Scott,  Berwick,  258,  260. 

Prizer,  ii.  148.  Appraiser,  one  who 
fixes  prices.  (Promp.,  413,  prysare.) 

Pro,  ii.  28i=per.     By,  through. 

Probi  Homines,  i.  197;  ii.  119,  347. 
Approved  men,  persons  of  standing 
and  respectability,  'good  men  and 
true.'  (Liber  Cust.,  753.)  Cf.  Pro- 
deshomes. 

Procurare,  i.  227.  To  procure,  to  es- 
tablish. 

Prodeshomes,  Prudeshomes,  ii.  141, 
205,256.  Fr.  Law-worthy  citizens, 
'good  men  and  true.'  Cf.  Probi 
Homines. 

Profecuum,  Proficuum,  ii.  16,  22.  A 
profit. 

*Propinator,  i.  291.  Cup-bearer,  a 
gild-officer.  (Cf.  Diefenbach.) 

Provinenz,  ii.  157.  Fr.  provenances. 
Products,  issues. 

Pru,  Preu,  ii.  230,  256.     Fr.     Profit. 

Prudhome,  ii.  256.    See  Prodeshomes. 

Pryst,  ii.  15.     Priest. 

Pucinis,  ii.  228.     Fr.     Chickens. 

Pugillum,  ii.  9.  A  fistful,  handful,  an 
exaction.  Du  C.  gives  '  multure '  as 
one  meaning  of  the  word,  the  miller 
taking  so  many  fistfuls  per  sack  as 
his  grinding  fee. 


*Pullanus,  i.  46.  A  fowl.  The  word 
also  means  a  colt. 

Pulverulentum,  i.  231.     Dust,  dirt. 

Punctum,  ii.  204.  Ordinance  or  regu- 
lation. 

Pupplicare,  ii.  1 20,  365  =  publicare. 
To  proclaim. 

*Purcatium,  ii.  4.  Illegitimate  birth, 
as  opposed  to  legal  descent.  In  the 
reign  of  Stephen,  Robert  of  Glou- 
cester is  called  '  frater  imperatricis  de 
purcachio '  (Annales  Monast.,  ii.  50). 
Cf.  Godefroy,  porchas. 

Purceynt,  ii.  232.     Fr.     A  precinct. 

Purchaser,  ii.  157.  Fr.  To  prosecute, 
to  pursue.  (Cf.  Jamieson,  purchas.) 

Pynka,  ii.  335.  Scotch  pinkie,  the 
weakest  kind  of  table  beer.  (Jamie- 
son.)  The  gild  officers  at  Andover 
were  to  get  an  extra  gallon  when  it 
was  weak  beer  or  pinkie. 

Quadragesima,  ii.  172.     Lent. 

Quam  cito,  ii.  1 1 8.     As  soon  as. 

Quanque,  ii.  228.  Fr.  Whatever,  as 
much  as. 

Quarter,  i.  139.     A  share  or  part. 

Quarterage,  ii.  69.  Quarterly  pay- 
ment (still  used  in  Oxford  college 
accounts). 

Quartermaster,  i.  138,  139.  An 
officer  of  a  gild  having  charge  of  the 
gildsmen  in  a  quarter  of  the  town. 

Querelare,  ii.  292.  To  complain,  to 
accuse,  to  charge. 

*Quere-manni,  i.  269.  Town  officers 
who  supervised  the  execution  of  the 
keuren  or  local  statutes,  civic  magis- 
trates. (See  Hohlbaum,  chorarius 
and  kore ;  cf.  Du  C.,  choremanni.) 

Quernstone,  ii.  122,127.  Hand-mill- 
stone. 

Querulans,  i.  278.    A  plaintiff. 

Queu,  ii.  223.     Fr.     A  cook. 

Quietantia,  Quietacio,  i.  195  ;  ii.  17, 
35 1>  356-  Acquittance  or  exemption. 

Quietum  Clamare,  ii.  172,  204.  To 
quit-claim. 

Quietus,  i.  14,  ii.  3,  93.    Quit. 

Quir,  ii.  204,  205.     Fr.    Skin,  leather. 

Quizte,  ii.  223.     Fr.     Cooked. 


416 


Quod,  ii.  342,  343  =  qui.    Which,  that. 

*Quousque,  ii.  19,  320.     Unto,  until. 

Quo  Warranto,  i.  27  ;  ii  16.  A  writ 
to  inquire  by  what  title  or  warrant  a 
person  or  community  exercised  cer- 
tain privileges. 

Quy,  ii.  22i=que.     Fr.     That. 

Kad-cniht,  i.  185.  A  freeman  who 
served  his  lord  on  horse.  (Cf.  Lewis, 
Laws  of  Wales,  357.) 

Bade  Bra,  i.  239.  Engl.  Landing 
place  for  ships  at  Berwick. 

Batificare,  ii.  355.  To  ratify  or  con- 
firm. 

Kayum,  ii.  179.  Ray,  a  kind  of 'fine 
striped  cloth. 

*Bealis,  ii.  17.     Real,  actual. 

Becens,  i.  46,  56.  Fresh,  green,  un- 
dressed. 

Becordum,  ii.  353.     A  record. 

Becorusant,  ii.  227.  Fr.  Setting.  (Kel- 
ham,  rescous,  recoursant.) 

Bectitudo,  ii.  377.  Right  or  privi- 
lege ;  payment  or  impost. 

Becursus,  i.  269.     Recourse,  appeal. 

Bedditus,  i.  119;  ii.  100.  Revenue, 
rent. 

Begalitas,  i.  206.  A  district  in  Scot- 
land in  which  the  lord  exercised 
regal  or  criminal  jurisdiction. 

*Begratare,  ii.  290.  To  retail  wares, 
or  to  buy  in  order  to  sell  at  an  en- 
hanced price. 

Begratarius,  Begratier,  Begrateour, 
i.  234;  ii.  205,  206,  291.  Fr.  Re- 
tailer, retail  dealer,  one  who  buys 
provisions,  etc.,  to  sell  them  again 
at  a  profit. 

Begrateresse,  ii.  227.  Fr.  Female 
regrater  or  retailer. 

Belesser,  ii.  231.  Fr.  To  relax  or 
remit. 

Beligiosus,  ii.  123.  A  religious,  one 
bound  by  monastic  vows. 

Bemenant,  ii.  206.     Fr.     Remnant. 

Bemeyndre,  ii.  206.     Fr.    To  remain. 

Bemuer,  ii.  221.     Fr.     To  remove. 

Ben,  ii.  158.  Fr.  rien.  Nothing,  any- 
thing. 

Benable,  ii.  140,  214.  Fr.  Reasonable. 


*Benovare,  ii.  377.     To  grow. 

Bentale,  ii.  12.     Rental  or  rent-roll. 

Bepleyez,  Bepleggez,  ii.  229,  230. 
Fr.  Replevied,  bailed. 

Beprisa,  ii.  169.  Reprise,  deduction, 
or  expenditure. 

Bequiller,  ii.  256.  Fr.  recueillir.  To 
gather.  Requiller  en  gilde  rnarkande, 
to  gather  money  in  the  gild,  to  collect 
money  from  the  merchants. 

Bere,  ii.  70,  71.     To  raise  or  collect. 

*Besettare,  ii.  308,  320  =  receptare. 
To  receive.  (Cf.  Du  C.,  recetta  = 
recepta.) 

*Besonabilis,  ii.  286.     Reasonable. 

Bespectuare,  ii.  96,  98.  To  respite 
or  postpone. 

Bespectus,  ii.  290,  323,  326,  338. 
Respite,  delay,  or  postponement. 

Betaillum,  Betallia,  Betalia,  ii.  17, 
61,  87.  Retail. 

Betornare,  ii.  50.  To  return,  to  send 
back  or  report. 

Betornum  Brevium,  ii.  17.  The  re- 
turn of  writs,  the  privilege  of  making 
return  of  writs  in  place  of  the 
sheriff  of  the  county. 

*Betro,  i.  235.     Against. 

Beveent,  ii.  226.  Fr.  3  sing.  pres. 
ind.  of  revendre,  to  resell. 

*Beverberare,  ii.  1 1  o  =  verberare.  To 
beat  or  dash. 

Beward,  ii.  295.   Regard.   (Halliwell.) 

Bewlacion,  ii.  70.  Relation  or  re- 
port. 

Bibaldus,  ii.  306.  A  low  or  lewd 
fellow,  a  ribald,  a  rogue. 

*Bipa,  ii.  258.  Landing-place  or 
hythe.  Ripa  Reginae,  Queen-Hythe 
iu  London. 

Bofecestria,  i.  90.     Rochester. 

Bolla,  ii.  30.     A  roll,  a  record-roll. 

Botb.el.an,  ii.  357.     Rhuddlan. 

Botomagus,  i.  4.     Rouen. 

Boule,  ii.  133.     A  roll. 

Bouta,  ii.  376.  A  rout,  noisy  crowd 
or  rabble. 

Bussetum,  ii.  181.  Russet,  coarse 
cloth  of  undyed  dark  wool. 

Byottoslie,  ii.  372.  Riotously,  wan- 
tonly. 


417 


Ry3te,  Byte,  i.  29;  ii.  255.  Engl. 
A  fee  or  payment. 

Sac,  Sach,  ii.  44,  356.  The  right  to 
hold  a  court  for  one's  tenants  and  to 
have  the  amercements  arising  from 
this  court.  (Cf.  Maitland,  Manor 
Courts,  p.  xxii.) 

*8acrosanctum,  i.  297.     Oath. 

Sad,  ii.  249.  Sober,  substantial,  dis- 
creet. (Catholicon,  315.) 

Saint  Botolph,  ii.  144.     Boston. 

Saisina,  i.  263.     Seisin  or  possession. 

Saisire,  ii.  4,  7-  To  seize,  take  pos- 
session, have  possession  or  seizin. 

Sale,  ii.  157.     Fr.     A  room,  hall. 

*Salicus,  ii.  46.     Salted. 

Salopesbiria,  i.  46,  56.     Shrewsbury. 

Salsare,  i.  232.     To  salt. 

*Salteri[um],  ii.  312.  A  psalter.  (Du 
C.,  saltaris.) 

Saltery,  ii.  199.     Relating  to  salt. 

Saresburia,  Saresberia,  Sarum,  ii.  3, 
5,  8.  Salisbury. 

Satisfacere,  ii.  46,  52.  To  pay  a 
satisfactory  fine. 

Scabellum,  ii.  290.  A  market-stall. 
(Cf.  Hohlbaum,  iii.  571.) 

Scabinus,  i.  26 ;  ii.  380.  Skevin, 
'  echevin,'  a  gild  officer;  on  the  Con- 
tinent, a  judicial  officer  of  a  town 
(i.  269). 

Scaccarium,  ii.  39.  The  Exchequer. 
Cf.  Cheker. 

Scaccha,  i.  290.     Chess. 

Scalda,  i.  298.     The  Scheldt. 

Scamnum  Mali,  i.  296.  The  mast 
bench,  probably  also  the  mast-step. 

Scawe,  Schaye,  i.  150.  The  Skaw, 
Cape  Skagen  in  Denmark. 

Scededen,  i.  276  =  entscheiden.  Germ. 
To  determine,  to  pass  judgment  on. 

Scelaftich,  i.  276.  Germ.  Discordant, 
at  variance,  disunited.  (Schiller  und 
Liibben,  schelhaftich.) 

Sceren,  i.  296  =  scheren.  Germ.  To 
shear,  to  cut  hair.  (Schiller  und 
Liibben.) 

Schira,  Shira,  ii.  21,  363.     Shire. 

Schoppa,  ii.  i8o  =  shoppa.     A  shop. 

Sclater,  ii.  382.     Slater,  tiler. 


Score,  ii.  255.     Notched  stick  or  tally. 

Scot,  Scotte,  i.  53,  55.  Payment,  tax, 
contribution. 

Scot  and  Lot,  i.  ch.  iv.  Payments, 
pecuniary  assessments,  rates  and 
taxes ;  to  pay  taxes ;  to  share  (i.  54, 
n.  i ;  ii.  46). 

Scotalia,  Scotalla,  Scotallum,  Scot- 
hale,  ii.  171,  183,  245,  253,  358. 
Scot-ale,  pecuniary  exactions  made  by 
royal  bailiffs.  (The  following  was 
one  of  the  articles  of  inquiry  of  the 
Justices  Itinerant  in  1254: — 'De 
parvis  ballivis  qui  faciunt  cervisias 
quas  quandoque  vocant  Scot-alas, 
quandoque  Fulst-ales,  ut  extorqueant 
pecuniam  a  sequentibus  hundredum 
et  eorum  subditis.'  Annales  Monast., 
i.  332.  Cf.  Stubbs,  Const.  Hist.,  i. 
628.) 

*Scotamum,  ii.  I5o  =  scottum.  Scot, 
payment,  or  tax. 

*Scotenus,  i.  59,  197;  ii.  I34>  250. 
Person  paying  scot  or  taxes. 

Scoth,  ii.  no,  211.  Scot  or  pay- 
ment. 

Scot-peny,  i.  58,  ii.  13,  14,  335.  Scot- 
money. 

Scottare,  i.  55,  ii.  120,  123,  175.  To 
be  in  scot,  to  pay  taxes. 

Scottum,  Scotum,  Skottum,  i.  59 ; 
ii.  189,  192.  Scot,  tax,  or  contri- 
bution. 

Scriptura,  ii.  389.  A  writing,  a  charter. 

Scultetus,  i.  294.     Judge,  mayor. 

Scute-man,  i.  295.     Seaman  or  sailor. 

Se,  ii.  226.     Fr.  si.     If,  whether. 

Seal  of  Cause,  Sigillum  ad  Causas, 
i.  202.  A  charter  granted  by  the 
town  authorities  to  a  craft  fraternity. 
'  Causa '  here  probably  means  a  plea. 

Secator,  Seecator,  11.46,  239.  A  cutter. 

Seccator  Burci,  ii.  239.     A  cut-purse. 

*Secta,  ii.  135,  177,  180.  A  suit;  a 
body  of  witnesses  or  compurgators. 
(Bracton,  ii.  564 ;  Rec.  of  Nott.,  ii. 
469.) 

*Sedagium,  i.  195.  '  Tributum  est 
quod  a  navi  exigitur  pro  sede  sua  in 
portu.'  (Spelman,  segiagium.)  Berth- 
dues. 


VOL.  n. 


E  e 


4i8 


Seel,  Sel,  ii.  216,  221.     Fr.     A  seal. 
Seele,  ii.  50.   Fr.  celle,  celui.   That  one. 
Seer,  ii.  157.     Fr.  s'asseoir.     To  sit. 
Seet,  ii.  206.     Fr.  sept.     Seven. 
Seetz,   Sietz,   ii.    215.      Fr.     3   sing. 

pres.  ind.  of  seer,  to  sit. 
Seim,   ii.    230.     Fr.     Fat,   lard.     Cf. 

Seym. 
Seisina,    Seisyne,    Saisina,   i.    263 ; 

ii.  in,  226,  324.     Seisin  or  posses- 
sion. 

Seisire,  ii.  65.     To  seize. 
Serwer,  ii.  224.    Fr.  suivre.    To  follow 

or  pursue. 
Selda,  ii.    132,    175,    189.     Shed    or 

shop.     Cf.  Celda. 

Sellarium,  i.  237  =  cellarium.  A  cellar. 
Semble,  ii.  65.     Engl.     Assembly. 
Sende,  ii.  229,  255.    Fr.    Shop,  booth. 
Sene,  ii.  68.     Engl.     To  send. 
Senescallia,  ii.  290.     Stewardship. 
Senescallus,   Senesehallus,   ii.    236, 

334.     Steward. 
Sens,  i.  50.    A  cense  or  cess. 
Senser,    Sensere,    i.   50.      A   censer. 

See  Chencer. 

Sensus,  i.  270.     Judgment,  sentence. 
Sententiare,   i.    277.     To    pronounce 

sentence,  to  adjudge. 
Sentir,  ii.  157.     Fr.     To  consent. 
Separale,  ii.  330.     Relating  to  what  is 

held  separately  or  in  severalty. 
Sepum,  i.  295  =  sebum.     Tallow,  suet. 
Sequela,  ii.  4,  7.     A  suit.    See  Secta. 
Sequor,  ii.  51,  171.     To  prosecute. 
Sercle,  ii.  207.     Fr.  cerceau.     Hoop, 

the  hoop  of  a  barrel,  which  was  the 

sign  of  a  brewster's  occupation. 
Seriandus,  Serviens,  i.  216;  ii.  310. 

Sergeant. 

*Seriater,  ii.  197  =  seriatim. 
Sermentum,  ii.  328.  Oath. 
Serviens,  Seriandus,  i.  216;  ii.  310. 

Sergeant. 
Servisia,  Servitia,  ii.  96,  99,  135,  311 

=  cervisia.     Ale. 
Servoyse,  ii.  220.     Fr.     Ale. 
Sessio,  ii.  212.     Session. 
Sester,  i.  183.     A  sextary.     (Henry  of 

Huntingdon,  192,  says  that   it   was 

equal    to     a     horse-load    of    grain ; 


there  was  also  a  'sester'  or  'sextarium ' 
in  Domesday  equal  to  about  a  pint  and 
a  half;  Spelman  makes  it  a  quart.) 

Sett,  Set,  i.  201,  217.  The  written 
constitution  of  a  Scotch  borough. 

Seur,  Seurte,  Surte,  ii.  157,  219,  221. 
Fr.  Surety,  security. 

*Severallum,  ii.  293.  Severalty,  sepa- 
rate possession. 

Sevier,  ii.  57.     Sieve-maker. 

Sextarium,  i.  292.  Sextary.  See  Sester. 

Seym,  Seim,  ii.  218,  230.  Fr.  Fat, 
lard. 

Sherling,  ii.  286.     Shearling. 

Sherman,  ii.  89.  Shearman  or  cloth- 
worker. 

Shira,  Schira,  Shyra,  ii.  21,  202, 
363.  Shire,  shire-court. 

Shopa,  Schoppa,  i.  124;  ii.  180.  A 
shop. 

Shot,  ii.  376.  Scot,  tax,  or  contri- 
bution. 

Shyra,  ii.  202.     See  Shira. 

Si,  ii.  204-207.     Fr.  ci.     He,  here. 

Si  come,  ii.  206.     Fr.     Just  as. 

Sietz,  ii.  215.     See  Seetz. 

Siew,  ii.  206.  Fr.  Tallow,  suet.  (La 
C.,  sieu.) 

Sige-panes,  Syge-panyes,  i.  58  ;  ii. 
329,  335.  Seat-pennies,  seat-money. 

Sigillator,  ii.  106.     A  sealer. 

*Sigillum  ad  Causas.  See  Seal  of 
Cause. 

Sil,  ii.  207.     Fr.  cil.     This  one. 

Siroteca,  ii.  322.  Glove.  (Wright, 
i.  686.) 

Six-men,  i.  121.  Officers  of  a  craft 
fraternity  at  Ludlow. 

Skevin,  Skiven,  Skivin,  i.  26;  ii.  158, 
160.  A  gild  officer,  a  steward. 

Soca,  Soch,  ii.  44,  182,  356.  Juris- 
diction, the  right  to  hold  a  court ;  a 
district  having  this  privilege.  (Cf. 
Maitland,  Manor  Courts,  p.  xxii.) 

*Socagium,  ii.  17.  A  soke  or  privi- 
leged district.  The  word  generally 
means  a  free  socage  tenement,  held 
by  fixed  service  or  rent,  other  than 
military  or  clerical. 

Soi,  ii.  256.     Fr.     Themselves. 

S oilier,  ii.  223.     Fr.     To  soil. 


419 


Solar,  ii.  143.  An  upper  chamber,  a 
loft.  (Cf.  Rec.  of  Nott,  i.  449.) 

Solidata,  ii.  353.     Shilling's  worth. 

Solidus,  i.  208.     Shilling. 

Solom,  ii.  219.     Fr.  selon. 

Sommage,  ii.  205.  Pack-horse  laden 
with  goods.  (La  C.) 

Somned,  ii.  67.     Engl.     Summoned. 

Somnes,  ii.  66.     Engl.     A  summons. 

Somonce,  Somounse,  ii.  '214,  222. 
Fr.  A  summons. 

Sorsene  (not  forsene),  ii.  205.  Spoiled, 
putrid,  diseased.  (La  C.  and  Du  C., 
sorceme ;  cf.  Rec.  of  Nott.,  i.  80, 
carnes  sursemay  ;  Britton,  ii.  382.) 

Sotillares,  Sotulares,  ii.  173,  293. 
Shoes. 

Soudier,  ii.  204.  Fr.  soulier.  Shoe. 
(Cf.  Kelham,  sourdlers.) 

Souter,  ii.  197.  Shoemaker.  (Wright, 
i.  685.) 

Speche,  Spracb.,  i.  32.     A  meeting. 

Specyed,  ii.  194.     Specified. 

Spices,  ii.  96.  Spices  in  the  middle 
ages  included  spices,  drugs,  preserved 
and  dried  fruits,  etc.  ;  spicer  (ii.  98) 
was  used  for  apothecary.  (Murray, 
Diet,  apothecary;  Rec.  of  Nott.,  i. 

447-) 

Spoelen,  i.  296  =  spiihlen.  Germ.  To 
wash.  (Schiller  und  Liibben.) 

Sprach,  Speche,  i.  32.     A  meeting. 

Spyce  Cake,  i.  33  ;  ii.  279.  Fruit- 
cake. Cf.  Spices. 

Stablede,  ii.  69.     Established. 

Stablysshe,  ii.  248,  249.    To  establish. 

Stachia,  ii.  261.  A  stake.  (Du  C., 
staca.) 

Stallagarius,  ii.  198.  A  person  having 
a  stall  for  the  sale  of  goods  in  a 
market  or  fair.  (Innes,  Anc.  Laws, 
218  ;  Du  C.,  stallangarius.) 

Stallagium,  i.  195.  Stallage,  money 
paid  for  permission  to  have  a  stall  in 
a  market  or  fair. 

Stallum,  ii.  173.     Market  stall. 

Standardus,  Standardum,  ii.  237, 
238.  A  model  or  standard. 

Staple,  i.  150.  To  bring  goods  to  a 
staple  port. 

*Stapulare,  ii.  286.     To  staple. 


E  e 


Stapulum,  Stapula,  i.  142.  A  staple 
or  scaffold  for  the  sale  of  wares,  after- 
ward a  town  where  alone  by  law 
certain  goods  might  be  vended. 

Stathe,  Staith,  ii.  159,  169.     A  wharf. 

Static,  ii.  337.     Stall  or  table. 

Strata,  ii.  100.     Street  or  highway. 

Stronde,  ii.  245.     A  strand,  sea-shore. 

Suant,  Sueray,  ii.  138,  221.  Fr.  Pres. 
part,  and  1st  sing.  fut.  ind.  of  suivre, 
to  follow. 

Sub,  ii.  94.     On  condition  of. 

Subsidium,  ii.  286.     Subsidy  or  tax. 

Suburbanus,  ii.  30.  A  resident  of  the 
suburbs  of  a  town. 

Sulon,  i.  56.     Fr.  selon. 

*Summagium,  ii.  359.  The  load  of  a 
pack-horse.  Cf.  Sommage. 

*Summonicare,  Summonire,  ii.  6, 
331  =summonere.  To  summon. 

Summonicio,  ii.  292.     A  summons. 

Suour,  ii.  204.     Fr.     Shoemaker. 

Super,  i.  269 ;  ii.  6-8,  260.  Against, 
before,  for,  under. 

Superior,  ii.  135.  The  superior  or 
'  sovereign/  the  chief  officer  of  many 
Irish  towns. 

Suppleo,  ii.  45.  To  assist.  (Probably 
the  scribe  intended  to  write  :  c  sup- 
plendi  Hugone  et  Warenno,  custodi- 
bus.') 

Supponere,  ii.  3i8  =  superponere.  To 
impose,  charge. 

*Suprataxare,  i.  290.  To  offer  a  higher 
price  than  another  for  wares. 

Surplus,  ii.  319.     Lat.     Surplus. 

Suses,  ii.  140.  Fr.  Probably  for  chusies 
=  choisis,  chosen. 

Suspeccio,  ii.  238  =  suspicio.  Sus- 
picion. 

Sutarium,  ii.  337.  The  shoemakers 
quarter  or  district.  (Cf.  Du  C., 
sutorium.) 

Sygepanyes,  Sigepanes,  ii.  329,  335. 
Seat-pennies,  seat-money. 


*Taberna,  ii.  235.  Tavern,  shop,  trade. 
Nomine  taberne,  in  the  name  of  trade, 
by  way  of  trade.  (Cf.  Hohlbaum, 
iii.  576,  tabernas  facere.) 

2 


420 


Tabernaculum,  ii.  126.     Tabernacle, 

receptacle  for  the  pyx. 
*Tabernare,  ii.  240.     To  sell  by  retail. 
Tabernator,    ii.    261.      Taverner    or 

inn-keeper. 
Tail,  Tayle,  ii.  206,  218.     Fr.  Par  tail, 

de  tail,  by  retail. 

Taille,  ii.  256.     Fr.     A  tally,  score. 
Tailliare,  i.  56  ;  ii.  204.  To  tallage,  to 

tax. 

Talentum,  i.  299.     A  pound. 
Talia,  Tallia,  i.  31  ;  ii.  153.     A  tally, 

a  stick   with    notches    to    score  an 

account. 
Tallagium,  Talliagium,  i.  54 ;  ii.  108, 

125,  156.     A  tallage  or  tax. 
Tallia,  Talea,  i.  46 ;  ii.  378.     Retail. 
*Talliare,  ii.  241.     To  tallage  or  tax, 

to  pay  tallage. 
Tanator,  ii.  46.     A  tanner. 
Tannare,  ii.  173.     To  tan. 
Tannum,  i.  115.     Tan,  bark. 
Tapp,  i.  222.     To  sell,  retail. 
*Tappator,  ii.  261.     'Tapper'  or  inn- 
keeper. 
Tappus,  i.  294.     A  tap.     Ad  tappum, 

at  the   tap,  from  the  tap,  by  retail. 

Cf.  Brocha. 
*Tastator,    ii.    98.     Taster  or  tester, 

probably  the  same   town  officers  as 

the  gustatores  in  ii.  106. 
Tastir,  ii.  207.     Fr.     To  taste  for  the 

purpose  of  testing  the  quality. 
Taunt  come,  Tant  cum,  ii.  140,  215. 

Fr.     While,  as  much  as,  as  far  as. 
Taunt  soulement,  ii.  205.      Fr.     So 

much  only,  only. 
Taxa,  ii.  352.     A  tax. 
Taxare,  i.  290 ;  ii.  327.    To  tax,  to  esti- 
mate the  value  of  wares,  to  make  an 

offer  for  wares. 
*Taxator,  i.  290.  One  who  sets  a  price 

on  wares  for  the  purpose  of  buying 

them. 

*Tela,  i.  1 15  ;  ii.  54.    Cloth,  web ;  yarn. 
Telarius,  i.  115,  213.     A  weaver. 
Teloneum,    Telonium,   ii.   251,    296. 

Toll,  especially  duty  paid  on  buying 

and  selling. 
Tenementum,     ii.     236.      Tenement, 

estate. 


*Teneri  in,  ii.  36,  153.     To  owe. 
Tensare,  i.  50.     To  lay  under  tribute. 
Tenser,  i.  50.     See  Chenser. 
Tenura,   Tenuera,  ii.    115,    258.     A 

tenure. 
Terragium,    i.    195.      The    same    as 

Picagium,  q.  v. 

Tersegus,  ii.  4.     See  Cersegus. 
Thalamus,   i.    291.     Bed-chamber,    a 

room. 
Theloneum,  i.   195  ;   ii.  9,    124,   174. 

Toll.     See  Teloneum. 
Them,  ii.  44,  356.     The  right  to  hold 

court  for  the  vouching  to  warranty  ; 

but    medieval     glossaries    also     ex- 
plain  it    as    the   right   to  have   the 

progeny  of  one's  villains.    '  Garant  et 

sequela  nativorum '  is  the  definition 

in   Liber  de  Hyda,  43.     (Cf.  Hale, 

Regist.  Prior.  Wig.,  i6ft;  Maitland, 

Manor  Courts,  p.  xxii ;  Spelman.) 
Theoloneum,    Theolonium,    i.   195 ; 

ii.  16,  173.     Toll.     See  Teloneum. 
Theoloneum,    i.    82.     A    toll-booth. 

(Cf.    Wright,   i.    804,    '  toloneum,  a 

tolbothe.') 
Thesaurarius,  Thesuerer,  ii.  75,  154. 

Treasurer. 

Theutonice,  i.  295.     In  German. 
*Theynesmen,  i.  185  ;  ii.  212.    Certain 

persons   in   Shrewsbury,    presumably 

town-officers. 

Thol,  ii.  356.     Toll.     Cf.  Toll. 
Tholoneum,  ii.  44.     Toll. 
Tholsel,  i.  82.     Toll-booth,  town-hall. 
Tielle,    Tiele,   i.    128;    ii.    206.     Fr. 

Cloth,  web. 
Tierce,  ii.  205.   The  third  ecclesiastical 

hour 

Tintinnabulum,  i.  291.     A  bell. 
Tixtor,  ii.  336  =  textor.     A  weaver. 
Toler,  ii.  222.     Fr.     To  deprive,  take 

away. 
Toll,  Thol,  ii.  44,  356.     The  right  to 

hold  a  market  and  levy  market-tolls  ; 

also   the  right   to   be    quit   of  toll. 

(Maitland,    Manor  Courts,  p.  xxiii ; 

Hale,  Reg.  Prior.  Wig.,  i6a  ;  Schmid, 

Gesetze,  663.) 
Toll-booth,    Tole-booth,    Tol-both, 

i.  81,  82.     Town- hall. 


421 


Tolloneum,  Tollonium,  i.  205,  227, 
238.  Toll. 

Toll-sel,  Tol-sil,  Thol-sel,  Tol-sey,  i. 
82.  Toll-booth,  town-hall. 

Tolneium,  ii.  245.     Toll. 

Tolnetum,  ii.  44,  52,  53,  132.  Toll. 
Tolnetum  intrinsecum  (ii.  38)  seems 
to  mean  toll  collected  from  citizens ; 
tolnetum  forinsecum,  toll  collected 
from  strangers  or  non-freemen. 

Tolneum,  ii.  320,  324.     Toll. 

*Tol-setum,  Tol-sey,  i.  82.  Toll- 
booth,  town-hall.  (Cf.  Halliwell.) 

Tonel,  ii.  158.     Fr.  tonneau.     A  cask. 

Torcha,  ii.  169.     Torch. 

*Tortata,  ii.  335.  Probably  =  torta. 
A  cake.  (Cf.  Wright,  i.  616.) 

Touker,  ii.  14.  One  who  'tucks'  or 
fulls  cloth. 

Tourn,  ii.  229.     Fr.     A  pair. 

*Tractagium,  i.  237.  Carriage,  the  fee 
for  drawing  or  carrying  goods. 

Tractatus,  ii.  113.    A  treaty. 

Trawntrey,  ii.  133.  Peddling.  (Cf. 
Halliwell,  traunter,  a  pedlar  ;  Nares, 
traunt,  to  peddle.  Cowell  gives 
trantery,  amercement  for  breaking 
the  assize  of  bread  and  ale.) 

Tresorer,  i.  10.     Treasurer., 

Trigintale,  ii.  129.  A  trental,  thirty 
masses  for  a  deceased  person.  (Du 
C.,  tricenarium.) 

Triturator,  ii.  302.  A  thresher. 
(Wright,  i.  617.) 

Tronagium,  ii.  256.  Payment  made 
for  weighing  goods  at  the  public 
beam. 

*Tronare,  ii.  20.  To  weigh  at  the 
public  beam  or  steelyard. 

*Tronaria,  ii.  20.  Public  beam  or 
steelyard,  by  which  heavy  articles 
were  weighed.  (Liber  Cust.,  832, 
trona.  Cf.  Edinburgh  Tron-gate.) 

Truble,  ii.  206.     Fr.     Pick-axe. 

Trusellus,  i.  107.  A  small  truss,  a  pack. 

Tumberellum,  ii.  238.  A  cart,  tum- 
brel, or  cucking-stool.  (Liber  Cust., 
771.)  Cf.  Fr.  tombereau. 

*Ullus,  ii.  7  =  nullus. 

Ulnare,  ii.  46.     To  measure  by  the  ell. 


Ultra,  i.  236.     By,  before,  beyond. 

Unies,  ii.  139  (misread  for  mues).  See 
Mouvoir. 

Unkes,  ii.  217.     Fr.     Ever. 

Upholder,  ii.  349.     Undertaker. 

Uplop,  i.  299  =  Auflauf.  Germ.  Up- 
roar, tumult,  strife.  (Schiller  und 
Liibben.) 

Uppeyne,  ii.  2  54  =  upon  peyne.  Under 
penalty. 

Ueser,  ii.  214.    Fr.  Usher,  door-keeper. 

Utfang-theif,  ii.  44.  The  right  to  try 
thieves  coming  from  other  parts,  but 
arrested  within  a  privileged  district. 
(Bracton,  ii.  540.  Bracton  expressly 
states  that  this  right  did  not  authorise 
the  lord  to  bring  back  into  his 
liberty  and  try  one  who  had  fled  from 
his  jurisdiction  and  had  been  taken 
elsewhere.  But  later  jurists  define 
outfangthef  as  the  right  of  the  lord 
to  try  such  fugitives.  See  Nichols's 
note  in  Britton,  i.  229.) 

*Utteratio,  ii.  366.  The  vending, 
offering  for  sale. 


V,  ii.  255.     Fr.  ou.     Or. 

Vadiare,  ii.  314,  315.    To  give  security 

for,  to  wage. 

Vadium,  ii.  115.     A  pledge  or  surety. 
Vas,  Vas[um],  i.  232  ;  ii.  285,  360.   A 

vessel  or  ship ;  a  pot  or  measure. 
Vastum,  ii.  286.     A  waste  place. 
Veluz,  ii.  205.     Fr.     Woolly.     Peaux 

veluz,  wool- fells. 
*Venturiarius,   i.    152.     A   merchant 

adventurer. 

Verbotenus,  i.  228.     In  word. 
Veredictum,  ii.  146.     Verdict. 
Vesperae,  ii.  170.     Vespers. 
Vestura,  ii.  286.     Vestment,  clothing. 
Vewe,  ii.  221,  222.     Fr.  vue.     A  view. 
Vicecomes,  ii.  18.     Sheriff. 
Vicecomitatus,  i.  206,  214.     Shire  or 

county. 
Vioinus,    i.    230,    231.       Townsman, 

gildsman. 
*Villanus,  i.  30;  ii.  317.  Base,  inferior. 

Villana    gilda,  limited    membership 

of  the  gild,  opposed  to  libera  gilda, 


422 


full  membership.  (See  i.  31.  Cf. 
'  villein  wool '  in  Rot.  Parl.,  iii.  270.) 

*Villatus,Villata,  ii.  21,  115.  A  town, 
a  town  community.  (Villata  gener- 
ally means  township,  e.g.  ii.  213.) 

Vinarium,  ii.  293.     Vineyard. 

*Visus,  ii.  96,  103,  104.  View ;  the 
view  of  frank-pledge. 

*Vitallarium,  ii.  189.  Food,  pro- 
visions. 

Vitant,  ii.  141.     Fr.  huitante.     Eighty. 

*Vloccatus,  i.  296  =  floccatus.  Made  of 
flocks  or  refuse  wool.  (Cf.  Hohl- 
baum,  iii.  550.) 

Voerdmer,  i.  276.  Germ.  Further- 
more. 

Voistz,  Voysent,  ii.  224,  228.  Fr.  3 
sing,  and  pi.  pres.  ind.  of  aller,  to  go. 

Volatile,  ii.  301.  A  fowl.  Cf.  Fr. 
volaille. 

Vytelyng,  ii.  192  =  victualing. 

Wallensis,  ii.  376.     Welshman. 

"Waller,  ii.  106,  382.     Stone-mason. 
(Prompt.,  wallare ;  Wright,  i.  688.) 

"Walling,  ii.  1 74.  Rulers  of  the  wall- 
ing, officers  who  had  charge  of  the 
town  walls.  Cf.  the  muragers  of 
Chester  and  the  murenger  of  Oswestry. 
(Gomme,  Index  of  Munic.  Offices, 

65.) 

Wantier,  ii.  245.     Glover. 
Wapentachum,  ii.   363.     Wapentake 

or  hundred.     (Cf.  Domesday  Studies, 

67.) 

"Wapynne,  i.  221.    Engl.     A  weapon. 
*Wara,  i.  290.    Fur.    (Cf.  Fr.  vair,  Du 

C.,  varius.) 
"Warandia,  Warrantum,  i.  269;  ii.  18, 

61.     Warrant,  authority. 


Warderen,  i.  298.    To  guard,  examine, 

or  search.     (Cf.  Hohlbaum,  iii.  582.) 
Wardier,    i.    298.     Fr.      Warden    or 

searcher. 
"Wardman,  i.  31.    An  officer  in  a  town 

having  charge  of  a  ward. 
Warr',  ii.  50.     Warwick. 
Waufer,  ii.  96.     Wafer. 
"Wetus,  ii.  6  =  vetus.     Old. 
Wetye.  ii.  255.    To  keep.    (Halliwell, 

wite.) 
"White-drawer,     ii.    349.        Tin-wire 

maker. 

"Winnys,  ii.  72.     Wines. 
Wintonia,  ii.  3.     Winchester. 
"Wlnerare,    ii.    305,    306  =  vulnerare. 

To  wound. 
"Wonnyng,   Woning,    i.    263.     Engl. 

A  house. 
"Wyght,  ii.  69.    Weight. 

XPO,  i.  292  =  Christo.     Christ. 

*Yare-give,  Yeres-gyeve,  Jheres- 
cheve,  Gyeres-gyve,  ii.  183,  253, 
358,  374>  39°-  Originally  a  com- 
plimentary new  year's  gift,  later  a 
customary  payment  extorted  in  favour 
of  the  crown.  (Liber  Cust.,  777.) 
Cf.  Gersuma. 

Yelde,  i.  138;  ii.  273.     A  gild. 

Yelde,  Yealde,  i.  55.     To  pay. 

Yelden,  ii.  277.  A  gild  officer.  See 
Gildan. 

Yeld-hall,  i.  82;  ii.  67,  274.  Gild- 
hall. 

Yerne,  Yorne,  ii.  68,  70.    Engl.    Iron. 

Yeres-gyeve.     See  Yare-give. 

Yeve,  i.  55.     To  give. 

Y-;olde,  ii.  255.     Yielded,  paid. 


INDEX. 


ABBOTSBURY,  Orcy's  gild  at,  i.  181- 

182. 

Aberdeen,  free  hanse  granted  to,  i.  197. 
gildry  at,  i.  203,  213,  214,  219-221, 

225. 

convenery  of,  i.  202,  220,  221. 
surviving  gilds  of,  i.  226. 
mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  244. 
appeal  of,  to  Edinburgh,  i.  258  ;  to 

Newcastle,  i.  263. 

Aberdeenshire :  see  Aberdeen,  Fraser- 
burgh,  Inverury,  Kintore,  Rose- 
hearty. 

Aberystwyth,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16. 
hanse  at,  i.  193. 
mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Abingdon,  mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Adventurers,  Company  of  Merchant,  i. 

148-157. 

privileges  of,  i.  150. 
organisation  of,  150-151. 
forbidden   to  exercise  handicraft  or 

open  shops,  i.  155. 
later  companies  of,  i.  156. 
entrance  fees  of,  i.  195. 
hanse  of,  i.  196. 
Affiliation  of  medieval  boroughs,!.  241- 

281. 

Agarslee,  mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Agriculture,  in  boroughs,  i.  3,  4,  126. 
Aldermen,  gild  officials,  i.  24-28 ;  elec- 
tion of,  i.  24  ;  duties  of,  i.  25. 
London,  i.  78-80. 
origin  of,  i.  78-79. 
mayor  of  Norwich  succeeds  to  alder- 

manship  of  gild,  i.  84. 
Alnwick,  gild  merchant  of,  i.  9  ;  ii.  1-3. 
toll-booth  at,  i.  81. 
functions  of  gild  at,  i.  120. 
freedom   of,   obtained  through  craft 
gilds,  i.  1 24. 


Alnwick,  common  town   bargains  at, 

i.  130-131,  138. 
Company  of  Merchants   at,  i.   130- 

131- 
trading   companies   at,    i.   131,    138, 

164. 

mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Alresford,  daughter  town  of,  i.  247. 
Altrincham,  gild  merchant  of,  i.  9,  90. 
judicial   rights  reserved  on  grant  of 

gild  to,  i.  91. 
mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
America  (North),  offshoots  of  colonial 

towns  in,  i.  242. 
Andover,  gild    merchant  at,  i.   9,  92, 

123  ;  ii.  3-12,  289-351. 
charter  of,  i.  9. 
constitution  of  gild  at,  i.  31 ;  ii.  293, 

304,  326,  329.  332-335- 
gild   dues    at,   i.  31  ;    ii.    328,    329, 

333,   335  :    collection   of,    i.   58 ; 

ii.  332. 

gild  feasts  at,  i.  33,  34. 
gild    of,    without    judicial    powers, 

i.65. 
later  identity  of  borough  and  gild  at, 

i- 75- 

models  for  gild  at,  i.  9,  88  ;  ii.  3. 

weavers  admitted  to  gild  at,  i.  108. 

crafts  in  gild  merchant  at,  i.  118. 

gild  =  select  body  at,  i.  161. 

gildship   subject  to  'hans'   payment 
at,  i.  194. 

mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Anglesey :  see  Beaumaris,  Newborough. 
Anglo-Saxons,  gilds  of,  i.  174-191. 

trade  and  industry  of,  i.  3. 

official  witnesses  among,  i.  31. 

burghal  affiliation  among,  i.  258. 
Annan,  gildry  of,  i.  203. 
Anstruther,  Easter  and  Wester,  gildries 
of,  i.  203. 


424 


Antrim   (Co.)  :    see   Belfast,    Carrick- 

fergus. 
Appeal,  courts  of,  in  boroughs,  i.  258- 

281. 

Appleby,  mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Arbroath,  gildry  of,  i.  203. 

mother  town  of,  i.  244. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  251. 
Argyleshire  :   see  Campbeltown,  Inver- 

ary. 
Armagh   (Co.) :    see  Armagh,  Charle- 

mont. 
Armagh,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  244. 
Arras,  gilds  of,  i.  292. 
Artizans  :  see  Craftsmen,  Craft  gilds. 
Asperton,  staple  for  tin  at,  i.  141. 
Athboy,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 

hanse  at,  i.  193. 

mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Athenry,  mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Athlone,  tholsel  at,  i.  82. 

mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Axbridge,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  9 ;  ii.  12. 

freemen  formed  into  craft  gilds  at,  i. 

123. 

Ayr,  gildry  of,  i.  203,  208,  210. 
Ayrshire :  see  Ayr,  Irvine,  Kilmarnock, 

Maybole. 

Bailiffs,  duties  of,  as  gild  officials,  i.  28  ; 
ii.  23,  174:  as  borough  officers,  i. 
23-26. 
Bala,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  1 6 ;  ii.  48. 

rights  of  gild  at,  i.  38. 

hanse  at,  i.  193,  194. 

mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Ballyshannon,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 
Bamborough,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  9. 
Banagher,  mother  town  of,  i.  244. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  249. 
Banbury,   daughter   towns   of,   i.    244, 

248. 

Bandon  Bridge,  mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Banff,  free  hanse  at,  i.  197. 

convenery  of,  i.  202. 

gildry  of,  i.  203,  223. 

mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Banffshire  :  see  Banff,  Cullen. 
Banna    (Bannow),  daughter    town   of, 
i.  252. 


Bargains,  common   town,   i.   135-138, 

208. 

Barnard  Castle,  mother  town  of,  i.  244. 
Barnstaple,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  9;  ii. 

12-15. 

gild  officials  at,  i.  28. 
gild  feasts  at,  i.  33. 
distinct   officials   for  town  and   gild 

at,  i.  63. 
separation  of  burgesses  and  privileged 

strangers  at,  i.  67. 
re-organisation  of  gild  at,  i.  162. 
mother  town  of,  i.  245,  259,  266. 
Barons,  the  eight  (Corfe  Castle),  i.  185. 
title    of,    applied    to     burgesses,    i. 

186. 
Basingstoke,  incorporation  of,  i.  94. 

relations  of,  to  Andover,  ii.  9. 
Bath,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  9  ;  ii.  351. 

mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Beaumaris,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16;  ii. 

15.  16. 

rights  of  gild  of,  questioned,  i.  38. 
hanse  at,  i.  193,  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Bedford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  9;  ii.  16- 

18. 

rights  of  gild  of,  questioned,  i.  37. 
burgesses  and  other  inhabitants  ad- 
mitted to  gild  at,   i.   69-70 ;    ii. 

17- 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
town-  and  gild-hall  coexistent  at,  i. 

82. 

'  communitas  '  and  gild  merchant  dis- 
tinct at  (4  Ed.  iii),i.  loo ;  ii.  17, 18. 
mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
customs  of  Oxford  sent  to,  i.  266. 
charter  to,  i.  266. 

Bedfordshire  :  see  Bedford,  Dunstable. 
Belfast,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 

tholsel  at,  i.  82. 

Belgium,  gild  merchant  in,  i.  288. 
Berkshire  :  see  Abingdon,  Maidenhead, 

Reading,  Wallingford,  Windsor. 
Berwick-on-Tweed,  gild  merchant  at,  i. 
9;    ii.  18-20;    gildry  of,   i.    170, 
210-214. 

toll-booth  at,  i.  81-82. 
Flemish  gild  at,  i.  109. 
functions  of  later  gild  at,  i.  120. 


425 


Berwick-on-Tweed,  hanse  at,  i.  193. 

statutes  of  gild  at,  i.  210-213,   2I8, 
227-240. 

one  of  the  Four  Burghs,  i.  200,  258. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  247. 
Beverley,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  9 ;  ii.  21- 

23- 
hanse  house   at,  i.    82 ;   charter  for 

hanse  at,  i.  193,  196. 
exclusion  of  craftsmen   from    burgh 

rights  at,  i.  108. 
craftsmen's  share  in  government   of, 

i.  112. 

Merchants'  Company  of,  i.  139. 
re-organisation  of  gild  of,  i.  163. 
mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  254. 
Bideford,  mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Birmingham,  trade  driven  to,  i.  52. 
town  hall,  origin  of,  i.  83. 
Holy  Cross  gild  at,  i.  84. 
Bodmin,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  9  ;  ii.  235. 
Bohemia,  affiliation  of  towns  in,  i.  272, 

279. 

Booth-halls  in  boroughs,  i.  81,  82. 
Borough  :  see  Free  Borough, 
privileges  of,  i.  6. 
distinction  between  gild  and,  i.  61- 

76. 

amalgamation  of  gild  and,  i.  75. 
government,  origin  of,  i.  77-86. 
rise  and  development  of,  i.  85-93. 
position  of  gild  merchant  in,  i.  86. 
influence  of  gild  merchant  on  forma- 
tion of,  i.  i,  77-86. 
position  of  cnihts  in,  i.  185-186. 
Boroughs,  list  of,  possessing  gild  mer- 
chants, i.  9-20,  202-207. 
agriculture  in,  i.  3,  4. 
duties  of  officials  of,  i.  23. 
machinery  for  government  of,  i.  23. 
suspension  of  liberties  of,  by  king,  i. 

57,  97- 

decay  of,  i.  51,  52. 
assessments  in,  i.  53-59. 
judiciary  of,  i.  64,  72,  79,  90,  98  :  see 

Leet. 

population  of,  i.  73. 
professional  element  in,  i.  74. 
office-holding  a  burden  in,  i.  75. 
jurisdiction  of,  i.  85. 


Boroughs,  relations  of,  to  mesne  lords, 
i.  90-92. 

conflicts  of,  with  ecclesiastical  lords, 
i.  91. 

incorporation  of,  i.  93-105. 

federations  of,  i.  106,  198,  200. 

popular  government  in,  i.  108. 

select  body  in,  i.  no,  124,  125,  160. 

crafts  share  in  government  of,  i.  m- 
112. 

lawmen  of,  i.  185. 

in  Scotland,  i.  199-201. 

affiliation  of,  i.  241-281. 

foundation  of  new,  i.  242. 

courts  of  appeal  in,  i.  258-281. 
Bossiney,  mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Boston,  gild  merchant  of,  i.  10. 

origin  of  town-hall  at,  i.  83. 

fraternity  incorporated  in,  i.  99. 

Staple  at,  i.  141,  142,  143,  146. 

Merchant  Adventurers  of,  i.  151,  154. 

mother  town  of,  i.  245. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  250. 

market  and  fair  of,  ii.  143-144,  147. 

charter  of,  ii.  352. 
Boyle,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 
Brackel,  charter  to  the  merchants  of,  i. 

299. 

Bradford,  toll-booth  at,  i.  81. 
Bradninch,  mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Brechin,  gildry  of,  i.  203,  223. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  244. 
Brecknock,  mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Brecknockshire  :  see  Brecknock,  Builth. 
Brentano  (Dr.),  his  theory  of  English 

gilds  discussed,  i.  167-172. 
Bridgnorth,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  10. 

hanse  of,  i.  193. 

Bridgwater,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  10  ;  ii. 
23,  24,  353. 

distinction  between   gild  and  town 

officials  at,  i.  63  ;  ii.  23. 
Brisingham,  origin  of  town-hall  of,  i. 

S3- 
Bristol,  firma-burgi  at,  i.  6. 

gild  merchant  at,  i.  10,  38,  39 ;  ii.  24- 

28,  353-355>  359- 
charters  of  towns  entered  in  records 

of,  i.  44. 
distinct  officials  for  town  and  gild  at, 


426 


Bristol,  burgesses  not  members  of  gild 

at,  i.  69. 

tolsey  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 
tolsey    and   gild-hall  co-existent   at, 

i.  82. 
distinction  between   gild  and  'com- 

munitas'  in  records  of,  i.  101  ;  ii. 

354- 

dissensions  at  (1312-16),  i.  no. 
privileges  of  tailors  at,  i.  124. 
Staple  of,  i.  141,  142. 
Merchant  Adventurers  of,  i.  151,  152. 
later  trading  companies  at,  i.  164. 
Calendars'  gild  at,  i.  83,  189. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  242,  256,  257, 

259- 

mother  town  of,  i.  245,  264. 
charter  to  (1171),  i.  247. 
laws  of,  sent  to  Dublin,  i.  263. 
Buckfastleigh,  abbot  and  monks  of,  pur- 
chase rights  of  trading  at  Totnes, 
i.  40,67;  ii.  235. 
Buckinghamshire :  see  Wycombe. 
Builth,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16  ;  ii.  355- 

356. 

hanse  charter  for,  i.  193. 
mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Burford   (Oxfordshire),   gild   merchant 

at,  i.  10 ;  ii.  28-29. 
early  charter  to  gild  at,  i.  5. 
mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Burford  (Salop),  mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Burgage  tenure,  nature  of,  i.  6. 
burgesses  required  to  hold  by,  i.  71, 

126. 

Burgess-ship,    villeins   excluded    from, 
i.  30  ;  women  and  monks  excluded 
from,  i.  66. 
duties  of,  i.  71. 

qualifications  of,  i.  71,  125,  126. 
Burghs,  Court  of  Four,  i.  200,  208,  258. 
Burntisland,  gildry  of,  i.  203,  223. 

mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Bury  St.  Edmund's,  gild  merchant  at,  i. 

10 ;   ii.  29-36. 
distinct  town  and  gild  officials  at,  i. 

63  5  "•  30,  33- 
burghal  rights  of  suburban  residents 

of,  i.  69. 

toll-house  at,  i.  81. 
Candlemas  gild  at,  i.  83. 


Bury  St.  Edmund's,  power  of  abbot  over 

municipality  of,  i.  94 ;  ii.  29-36. 
gild  and  '  communitas  '  distinct  at,  i. 

101. 

gild  of  bakers  at,  i.  1 15. 
hansing  silver  at,  i.  194-5  ;  ii.  32. 
meeting  of  delegates  from  towns  at, 

i.  242. 

Buyers,  common,  i.  136-137. 
Bye-laws,  right  of  civic  corporation  to 
make,  i.  96. 


Caergwrle :  see  Hope. 
Caerwys,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16;    ii. 
356,  357- 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 

mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Caithness-shire  :  see  Thurso,  Wick. 
Calais,  charter  of,  i.  293. 

Staple  at,  i.  140,  141. 
Calendars,  records  of  Bristol  kept  by 

gild  of,  i.  83,  189. 

Calne,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  10  ;  ii.  36. 
Cambridge,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  10 ;  ii. 
357-358. 

toll-booth  at,  i.  81. 

thane's  gild  at,  i.  181-183. 

lawmen  of,  i.  185. 

mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Cambridgeshire  :   see  Cambridge,  Wis- 

beach. 

Campbeltown,  gildry  of,  i.  203. 
Canterbury,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  5,  10; 
".  37-38. 

aldermen  and  wards  of,  i.  79-80. 

moot-,  spech-,  or  gild-hall  at,  i.  32, 
81. 

Staple  at,  i.  141. 

sale  of  land  by  cnihts  at,  i.  184. 

cnihts'  gild  at,  i.  188. 

three  '  gefer-scipas '  at,  i.  1 89. 

'  ingan  burgware '  at,  i.  190. 

mother  town  of,  i.  245. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  254. 
Cardiff,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16  ;  ii.  358- 

359- 

Staple  at,  i.  141. 
mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  257. 
laws  of  Hereford  sent  to,  i.  261. 


427 


Cardigan,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16  ;   ii. 

359- 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 

mother  town  of,  i.  245. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  248,  256,  257. 
Cardiganshire  :    see  Aberystwyth,  Car- 
digan, Lampeter. 
Cariesfort,  mother  town  of,  i.  245. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  244. 
Carlisle,  gild  merchant  at,i.  10  ;  ii.  38- 

4°>  359- 

burgage  at,  i.  71. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 

town-  and  gild-hall  co-existent  at,  i. 
82. 

participation  of  craftsmen  in  govern- 
ment of,  i.  in. 

union  of  craft  gilds  at,  called  gild 
merchant,  i.  118. 

freedom  of,  obtainable  through  craft 
gilds.i.  124. 

Company  of  Merchants  of,  i.   132- 

1345  "•  359-360- 
modern    trading    companies     at,    i. 

164. 

mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Carlow  (Co.) :  see  Carlow,  Old  Leigh- 

lin. 

Carlow,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 
Carmarthen,  Staple  at,  i.  141. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  257. 

laws  of  Hereford  sent  to,  i.  260. 
Carmarthenshire :  see  Carmarthen,  Laug- 

harne,  Llandovery. 

Carnarvon,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16 ;  ii. 
48. 

rights  of  gild  at,  i.  38. 

hanse  of,  i.  193,  194. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  257. 
Carnarvonshire  :    see  Carnarvon,   Con- 
way,  Criccieth,  Nevin,  Pwllheli. 
Carrickfergus,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 

tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 

Staple  at,  i.  143. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
Cashel,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 

tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  255-256. 


Censers,  privileges  of,  i.  49-50  ;  ii.  133, 

134,  176,  177,  264. 

Chambers  of  commerce,  value  of,  i.  165. 
Chaplains,  gild  officials,  i.   28,  34 ;  ii. 

151-170. 

Charlemont,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 
Charters  of  towns,  entered  on  borough 

records,  i.  44. 
priority  of,  confers  right  of  trading  toll 

free,  i.  44. 

trade  fraternities  founded  by,  i.  113. 
resemblances  between,  i.  243. 
Cheshire  :     see    Altrincham,     Chester, 
Congleton,  Macclesfield,  Nantwich. 
Chester,   gild   merchant    at,   i.  10 ;   ii. 

40-46. 

leve-lookers  of,  i.  27. 
picketing  by  crafts  of,  i.  36. 
rights  of  gilds  of,  i.  42-43. 
freemen's  oath  of,  i.  55. 
burghal  tolls  for  support  of  gild  at, 

i.  62;  ii.  43,  44. 

distinct  officials  for  town  and  gild  at, 
^  i.  63  ;  ii.  43. 
St.  Mary's  nunnery  at,  i.  70. 
common  hall  at,  i.  82. 
craft  gilds  at,  i.  115. 
trading  at,  confined  to  persons  free  of 

companies,  i.  118. 
union   of   crafts   at,    called    gild,    i. 

119." 

trading  com  panics  at,  i.  129,  164. 
Staple  at,  i.  142. 
Company  of  Merchant  Adventurers 

at,  i.  152  ;  ii.  360-362. 
civic  barons  of,  i.  186. 
mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  254,  256. 
customal  of,  i.  263. 
Chesterfield,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  10  ;  ii. 

46-47. 

gild  of  St.  Mary  at,  i.  83. 
dyers  limited  to  burgesses  of,  i.  108. 
Merchants'  Company  of,  i.  139. 
mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
Chichester,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  10,  90  ; 

ii.  47-48- 
similarity  of  gild  of,  to  that  of  Hor- 

sham,  i.  13. 

Staple  at,  i.  141,  142,  143. 
re- organisation  of  gild  at,  i.  162. 


428 


Christianity,  influence  of,  on  inception 

of  gilds,  i.  175. 
Cinque  ports,  no  gild  merchant  in,  i.  21, 

116. 

importance  of,  i.  106. 
barons  of,  i.  186. 
charters  of,  i.  242. 
affiliation  in,  i.  258. 
court  of  appeal  of,  i.  258. 
Cirencester,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  1 1  ;  ii. 

363-364. 

Clare  (Co.)  :  see  Ennis. 
Clergy,  gilds  of,  i.  177. 
Clerk,  gild  official,  i.  28 ;  ii.  93-104, 154, 

160,  196,  239,  335,  364. 
Clitheroe,  mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
laws  of  Chester  sent  to,  i.  262. 
Clonmel,  tholsel  at,  i.  82. 
mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
daughter    towns    of,    i.    253,    255, 

256. 
Cnihten    gild  of    London,   i.    78,    80, 

186-188. 
Cnihts,  position  of  Saxon,  i.  183-186. 

gilds  of,  i.  78,  80,  186-188. 
Colchester,  absence  of  gild  merchant  at, 

i.  22. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
Leet  regulates  trade  at,  i.  125. 
Collectors,  gild  officials,  i.  28  ;  ii.  6,  95, 

96. 
Commerce,  modern  chambers  of,  i.  165  : 

see  Trade. 

Common  Council :  see  Council. 
'  Communa,'    difference    between,  and 

gild  merchant,  i.  98,  102. 
of  London,  not  a  gild  merchant,  i. 

20. 
'  Communitas/  Brady's  view  concerning, 

i.  86. 

in  formula  of  incorporation,  i.  93. 
difference  between,  and  gild  merchant, 

1.99. 

Companies  of  merchants,  i.  126-139. 
Conflicts   between    gild    and  manorial 

lords,  i.  91-92. 

Congleton,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  n. 
tolls  in  charter  of,  i.  44. 
town-hall  at,  i.  82. 

Conquest  (Norman),  gild  merchant  in- 
troduced into  England  by,  i.  2. 


Conquest  (Norman),  influence  of,  i.  2-3. 
Constables  of  the  Staple,  i.  144. 
Continent,  commercial  relations  between 

England  and,  i.  3. 
villeinage  of,  i.  30. 
gild  merchant  of,  i.  77,  282-300. 
boroughs  of,  compared  with  those  of 

England,  i.  106. 
monastic  unions  on,  i.  1 90. 
hanses  of,  i.  198. 
affiliation  of  towns  of,  i.  241,  267- 

281. 
Conveneries   of  Scotland,  i.  202,  220, 

221,  225. 

Convention  of  Royal  Burghs,  i.  200. 
Con  way,   gild  merchant  at,  i.   16;  ii. 

48. 

rights  of  gild  at,  i.  38. 
hanse  of,  i.  193,  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  257. 
Corfe    Castle,    '  eight    barons '    of,   i. 

185. 

Cork  (Co.) :  see  Bandon  Bridge,  Cork, 
Kilmaclenyn,     Kinsale,      Mallow, 
Youghal. 
Cork,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 

union  of,  with  other  towns,  i.  106. 
union  of  craft  gilds  at,  i.  123. 
Staple  at,  i.  141. 
mother  town  of,  i.  246,  259. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  247,  255. 
Cornwall :  see  Bodmin,  Bossiney,  Gram- 
pound,  Helston,  Launceston,  Lis- 
keard,  Lostwithiel,    Truro,    West 
Looe. 
Coroners  of  towns,  duties  of,  i.  23,  25  ; 

ii.  48,  116-122,  365. 
Corporations,  development  of  municipal, 

i.  93-105. 
Corpus  Christi  gilds,  crafts  connected 

with,  i.  118-119. 

Council  (Common),  of  London,  i.  112. 
crafts  represented  in,  i.  111-112,  214- 

225. 
County  Courts  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk, 

charter  of  Ipswich  read  in,  i.  24. 
Court,    municipal,    called    hundred,  i. 

79- 

Court  Leet  :  see  Leet. 

Court  of  Four  Burghs,  i.  200,  258. 


429 


Courts  of  appeal,  for  boroughs,  i.  259- 

281. 

Coventry,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  1 1 ;  ii.  48- 
51,  364-365- 

exemption  of  merchants  of,  from  toll, 
1.44. 

incorporation  of,  i.  93. 

charters  to,  i.  93,  101. 

union  of  craft  gilds  at,  i.  123. 

craft  companies  at,  i.  129,  164. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  253-254. 
Craft  gilds,  limited  authority  of,  i.  113. 

trade  monopoly  of,  i.  114. 

multiplication  of,  i.  115-116. 

absence  of  political  functions  in,  i. 

113- 

incorporation  of,  i.  99,  113. 

no  conflict  of,  with  English  gild  mer- 
chant, i.  109-110,  170-171. 

participation  of,  in  town  government, 
i.  IH-II2,  214-224. 

early  history  of,  i.  114-116. 

gild  merchant  replaced  by,  i.  116- 
123. 

relations  of,  to  Corpus  Christi  gilds, 
i.  118-119. 

freemen  of,  i.  124. 

increased  importance  of,  i.  125. 

conflicts  of,  with  Scotch  Gildries,  i. 
213-225. 

on  the  Continent,  i.  284-286. 
Craftsmen,  relations  of,  to  gild,  i.  107- 
109,  213-224. 

admitted  to  gild  merchant,  i.  107, 
224;  ii.  4,6-8, 14, 60, 138, 143, 197, 
198,  205,  210,  227,  240,  245,  246, 
277,  3i3>  3*4,  3i6,  328,  334,  336, 

340,  345- 

engaged  in  buying  and  selling,  i.  74- 
Criccieth,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17  ;  ii. 

48. 

rights  of  gild  at,  i.  38. 
hanse  of,  i.  193,  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
Cullen,  free  hanse  at,  i.  197. 

gildry  of,  i.  203. 
Culross,  gildry  of,  i.  203,  223. 
Cumberland:    see  Carlisle,   Egremont, 

Skynburgh. 
Cupar,  gildry  of,  i.  204,  223. 


Cupbearers,  gild  officials,  i.  28  ;  ii.  13, 
14,  93-98,  ioo,  293,  319,  326,  331, 
335,  375- 

Daventry,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  ii. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
Dean,  gild  official,  i.  28,  208,  217-226  ; 

ii.  154,  158,  160-162. 
Denbigh,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 

leve-lookers  of,  i.  27. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 

laws  of  Hereford  sent  to,  i,  262. 
Denbighshire  :  see  Denbigh,  Ruthin. 
Denmark,   gild    merchant    in,    i.    284, 

288. 
Derby,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  n  ;   ii.  51- 

53- 

villeinage  at,  i.  30. 
functions  of  gild  at  (1330),  i.  40-42. 
gild  and  borough  revenues,  i.  62,  69. 
forinseci  in  gild  at,  i.  67. 
mother  town  of,  i.  243,  246. 
Derbyshire :  see  Chesterfield,  Derby. 
Devizes,   gild  merchant  at,  i.   ii;   ii. 

53-56. 

union  of  craft  gilds  at,  i.  1 20. 
Merchant  Adventurers  of,  i.  151. 
mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
Devonshire  :    see  Barnstaple,  Bideford, 
Bradninch,   Buckfastleigh,  Exeter, 
Lidford,      Plymouth,      Plympton, 
Earle,  Totnes,  Woodbury. 
Dingle,  tholsel  at,  i.  82. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
Dinglecushe :  see  Dingle. 
Dingwall,  gildry  of,  i.  204. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
Doncaster,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  12. 

moot-hall  at.  i.  81. 

Donegal  (Co.) :  see  Ballyshannon,  Done- 
gal, Lifford. 

Donegal,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 
Doorkeeper,  gild  official,  i.  28 ;  ii.  13, 

14,  161,  214,  215, 
Dorchester,   gilds   at,  ii.    56-58,  365- 

37°- 

gild  of  St.  Mary  at,  i.  99. 
consolidation  of  crafts  at,  i.  122-123. 
Merchant  Company  of,  i.  139. 
Dordrecht,  charter  of,  i.  293. 


430 


Dornoch,  gildry  of,  i.  204. 

Dorsetshire :  see  Abbotsbury,  Corfe 
Castle,  Dorchester,  Lyme  Regis, 
Melcombe  Regis,  Newton,  Poole, 
Weymouth. 

Dover,  early  gild-hall  at,  i.  80,  189. 

Down  (Co.) :  see  Hillsborough,  Newry. 

Drogheda,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18  ;   ii. 

58-59- 

tholsel  at,  i.  82. 

union  of  two  towns  of,  i.  94. 

union  of,  with  other  towns,  i.  106. 

craftsmen's  rights  in  government  of, 
i.  112. 

Staple  at,  i.  141,  147. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 

mother  town  of,  i.  246. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  247,  255. 
Drokedale,  mother  town  of,  i.  246. 
Drusselan :  see  Rhuddlan. 
Dublin  (Co.) :  see  Dublin,  Swords. 
Dublin,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19  ;   ii.  59- 

85,  37°- 

tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 
union  of,  with  other  towns,  i.  106. 
participation  of  craftsmen  in  govern- 
ment of,  f.  TII. 

civic  freedom  conferred  through  craft- 
gilds  in,  i.  1 24. 

Merchants  Company  at,  i.  134—139; 
monopoly  of,  1 34  ;   common  town 
bargains  of,  i$$-i?>%. 
Staple  of,  i.  141,  147. 
gild  of  English  Merchants  at,  i.  156. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  242,  255,  259. 
mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
charter  for  men  of  Bristol  to  inhabit, 

i.  247. 

laws  of  Bristol  sent  to,  i.  263. 
Dumbarton,  gildry  of,  i.  204,  215,  223. 

mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Dumbartonshire :  see  Dumbarton. 
Dumfries,  gildry  of,  i.  204. 

convenery  of,  i.  202. 
Dumfriesshire :    see   Annan,   Dumfries, 

Lochmabin,  Sanquhar. 
Dunbar,  gildry  of,  i.  204,  223. 
Dundalk,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  255. 


Dundee,  gildry  of,  i.  204,  223,  225. 

convenery  of,  i.  202. 

surviving  gilds  of,  i.  226. 

mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Dunfermline,  gildry  of,  i.  204,  223. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  245,  251. 
Dungannon,     gild     merchant     at,     i. 

19. 
Dungarvan,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 

Staple  at,  i.  143. 

mother  town  of,  i.  247. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  255. 
Dunheved :  see  Launceston. 
Dunkeld,  gildry  of,  i.  204. 
Dunleer,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 
Dunstable,  mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Dunwich,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  1 2. 

liberties  of,  suspended,  i.  97. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
Durham    (Co.) :    see    Barnard    Castle, 
Durham,    Gateshead,    Hartlepool, 
Stockton,  Sunderland. 
Durham,  gild  merchant  at,  i.   12  ;  ii. 
41. 

tollbooth  at,  i.  81. 

share    of  crafts   in    government   of, 
i.  in. 

functions  of  gild  at,  i.  120. 

freedom  of,  obtainable  only  through 
gilds  at,  i.  124. 

constitution  of  Mercers'  Company  at, 
i.  129. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 

mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Dutch    immigrants,    restrictions   on,    i. 
109. 


East  India  Company,  i.  156. 
Eastland  Company,  i.  156. 
Edinburgh,  gildry  of,  i.  204,  209,  216- 

219,  224-225. 
seat  of  Four  Burghs  at,  i.  200,  201, 

258. 

convenery  of,  i.  202,  225. 
Merchant  Company  of,  i.  219. 
surviving  gilds  of,  i.  226. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  247,  252. 
Edinburghshire  :  see  Edinburgh,  Leith. 
Edward  I,  endeavours  to  repress  trade 
restrictions,  i.  51. 


Sinner, 


431 


Edward  III,  endeavours  to  repress  trade 

restrictions,  i.  51. 
policy     of,     toward     merchants,     i. 

116. 

Egremont,  villeinage  in,  i.  30. 
Elgin,  free  hanse  at,  i.  197  ;  gildry  of, 

i.  204,  223. 

Elginshire  :  see  Elgin,  Forres. 
Ellesmere,  mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Enclosures,  i.  52. 
Ennis,  Staple  at,  i.  143. 
Enniskiilen,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 
Entrance  fees  on  admission  to  gild  mer- 
chant, i.  29. 

Essex  :  see  Colchester,  Saffron- Walden. 
Evesham,  booth-hall  at,  i.  81. 

booth-hall  and   gild-hall  co-existent 

at,  i.  82. 

Mercers'  Company  at,  i.  129. 
Excommunication,  punishment  for   se- 
rious infringement  of  gild  laws,  i. 
32. 
Exeter,   absence   of  gild   merchant  at, 

i.  22. 

decline  of,  i.  52. 
gild-hall  of,  i.  81. 

judicial  powers  of  craft  gilds  in,  i.  1 1 3. 
freedom   of  city    obtained    through 

crafts  of,  i.  124. 
tailors  of,  i.  124,  171. 
Staple  of,  i.  141,  142. 
Merchant  Adventurers  at,  i.  150,  152, 

153,  156;  ii.  86-89,  37I-373- 
Saxon  laws  made  at,  i.  178. 
Saxon  gild  at,  i.  181-183. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
mother  towns  of,  i.  247,  259,  264. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  254,  259,  264. 

Fairs,  freedom  of  trade  at,  i.  47. 
Family,  not  the  germ  of  the  gild,  i.  169, 

I74-I75- 

Farnham,  daughter  town  of,  i.  247. 

Faversham,   craft   gild   established   by 

corporation  of,  i.  120  ;  ii.  89-91. 
mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Feasts,  gild,  i.  33,  161. 
Federations  of  towns,  in  Great  Britain, 

i.  107,  200,  201. 

on  the  Continent,  i.  107,  197,  198. 
Fee  farm  :  see  Firma  Burgi. 


Ferm,  yearly  payments  of,  by  craft  gild, 

i.  114. 

Fermanagh  (Co.)  :  see  Enniskiilen. 
Ferthingmen,  gild   officials,  i.  27  ;    ii. 

13,  14,  93-97- 
Fethard,  tholsel  at,  i.  82. 
mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Fifeshire:    see   Anstruther  Easter,  An- 
struther  Wester,  Burntisland,  Crail, 
Cupar,  Dunfermline,  Inverkeithing, 
Kilrenny,     Kinghorn,     Kirkcaldy, 
Newburgh,  St.  Andrews. 
Fines  (judicial)    of  gildsmen  not  paid 

to  town  officers,  i.  69. 
for  hawking  goods  in  towns,  i.  128. 
for  trading,  at  instance  of  Merchants 

Company,  i.  131,  133. 
Firma     burgi,    a     burghal     privilege, 

i.  6. 

importance  of,  i.  57. 
relation  of,  to  gild  merchant,  i.  57, 

93- 

influence  of,  on  incorporation,  i.  97, 

104. 

Five  Danish  Boroughs,  i.  106. 
Flanders,  gild  merchant  in,  i.  4,  284, 

288. 

federation  of  towns  in,  i.  198. 
relations  of  Scotland  to,  i.  199. 
affiliation  of  towns  in,  i.  268-270. 
Flemings,      immigrate      to      England 

(temp.  Hen.  I),  i.  108. 
in  Berwick,  i.  109. 
in  Scotland,  i.  199,  214. 
Flint,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  245. 
mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Flintshire :   see  Caerwys,  Flint,  Hope, 

Overton,  Rhuddlan. 
Florence,  laws  of,  sent  to  Rome,  i.  270- 

271. 

gilds  of,  i.  299. 

Folkstone,  mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Fordwich,    gild    merchant   at,    i.    12, 

21. 

Forestalling,  i.  49. 
Forfar,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Forfarshire  :      see    Arbroath,    Brechin, 

Dundee,  Forfar,  Montrose. 
Forinseci :  see  Strangers. 


432 


Forres,  free  hanse  at,  i.  197  ;  gildry  of, 

i.  205. 

Fortrose,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Forwardmen,  at  Hereford,  i.  31. 

section   of  Andover  gild,  i.  31  ;   ii. 

4-8,  292-347. 

Foster-brotherhood,  influence  of,  on  for- 
mation of  Danish  gilds,  i.  176. 
Four  Burghs,  court  of,  i.  200,  258. 
France,  gild  merchant  in,  i.  4,  283-288. 
communes  of,  i.  21,  30. 
villeinage  in,  i.  30. 
English  kings'  charters  to  towns  of, 

i.  102. 

merchants  of,  i.  145. 
federation  of  towns  in,  i.  198. 
relation  of  Scotch  towns  to,  i.  199. 
affiliation   of  towns  in,  i.  267-270, 

281. 
Francheville     (Newtown    in     Hants), 

mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Frankpledge,  absence  of,  in  some  dis- 
tricts, i.  21. 

confounded  with  gild,  i.  190. 
Fraserburgh,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Free  borough :  see  Borough, 
grants  of,  i.  5,  243. 
relation  of  gild  to,  i.  77. 
rise  and  development  of,  i.  86-93. 
position  of  gild  merchant  in,  i.  86. 
corresponds  to   later    incorporation, 

1.97. 

Freedom  of  borough,  required  to  be 
possessed  by  trader  (i  &  2  Ph.  & 
Mary),  i.  117. 

Freemen,  trading  rights  of,  i.  117. 
required  to  belong  to  a  gild,  i.  123- 

124. 

privileges  of,  i.  124. 
successors  of  old  gildsmen,  i.  126. 
French  immigrants,  restrictions  on,  i. 

109. 
become  burgesses  of  English  towns, 

i.4. 

Frith-gild  (London),  i.  170,  175,  178. 
Fullers,  limitation  of  rights  of,  i.  108, 
213. 

Gainsborough,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  12, 

90;  ii.  91. 
forinseci  at,  i.  68. 


Gainsborough,  reserve  of  judicial  rights 
by  lord,  on  grant  of  gild  to,  i. 
91. 

Galloway  (New),  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Galway  (Co.)  :  see  Athenry,  Galway. 
Galway,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 

tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 

common  bargains  at,  i.  136. 

Staple  at,  i.  142. 

mother  town  of,  i.  247. 
Gateshead,    Mercers'    Company  of,   i. 
129. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 

mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Gegilda,    Anglo-Saxon,    i.    169,    177- 

179. 
Germany,  villeinage  in,  i.  30. 

town  meetings  in,  i.  32. 

Ausbiirger  in,  i.  68. 

population  of  towns  of,  i.  74. 

Merchant  Adventurers  in,  i.  150. 

hanses  of,  i.  198,  272. 

affiliation  of  towns  in,  i.  271-281. 

gild  merchant  in,  i.  284-288. 
Gildans,  gild  officials,  i.  27;  ii.  277. 

gild  members,  i.  29. 
Gild-hall,  history  of,  i.  80-83. 

town -hall,    why   called    gild-hall,  i. 

82. 
Gild  Merchant,  first  mention  of,  i.  5. 

designation  of,  in  charters,  i.  6. 

limitation  of  trading  rights  to  mem- 
bers of,  i.  8. 

list  of  boroughs  having,  i.  9-20. 

prevalence  of,  in  England,  i.  22. 

provision  for  support  of  (Ipswich),  i. 

25- 

officials  of,  i.  23-28. 
membership,   entrance   fees,   etc.,    i. 

29. 
meetings  of,  i.  32,  33  ;    ii.  6,  13,  14, 

34,  91-103,    132,    150,  175,  184, 

189,  198,  214,  255,  273-275,  277, 

358. 

its  functions,  i.  36,  52. 

members  (only)  of,  allowed  to  open 
shops,  i.  45  ;  forbidden  to  enter  in 
partnership  with  strangers,  i.  48  ; 
forbidden  to  cover  goods  of  non- 
members,  i.  48  ;  rights  of  (non- 
resident), i.  54  :  see  Gildsmen. 


433 


Gild  Merchant,  freedom  of  toll  through- 
out  England   of  members,  i.  44, 

71- 
assessments  of,  i.  58. 

distinction  between  borough  and, 
i.  61-76: 

judicial  authority  of,  i.  65.     - 

amalgamation  of  borough  and,  i.  75. 

influence  of,  on  corporative  growth 
of  borough,  i.  97-98. 

craftsmen  admitted  to,  i.  107  ;  ii.  4, 
6-8, 14,  60,  138,  143,  197, 198,  205, 
210,  227,  240,  245,  246,  277,  313, 
314,  316,  328,  334,  336,  340,  345. 

union  of  craft  gilds  becomes,  i.  114- 
123. 

reasons  for  disintegration  of,  i.  117. 

decadence  of,  i.  159-160;  causes  of, 
i.  160. 

hanse  exactions  of,  i.  195. 

in  Scotland,  i.  199-226;  statutes  of, 
i.  227-240. 

on  the  Continent,  i.  282-300. 
Gildry :    see   Gild   Merchant  in    Scot- 
land. 
Gilds  :  see  Craft  Gilds,  Gild  Merchant. 

exactions  of,  i.  36,  39;  ii.  32-35, 
51-53,  147,  155,  156,  184,  189, 

232,  379- 

decay  of  towns  caused  by,  i.  51-52. 
etymology  of  the  word,  i.  60,  169, 

177. 
connection  of,  with  town  government, 

i.  83. 
social-religious,    sharing   in    burghal 

government,  i.  83-84. 
influence  of,  on  civic  incorporation, 

1.99. 
power  of  town  council  to  incorporate, 

i.  113. 

Corpus  Christi  gilds,  i.  118-119. 
literature  of,  i.  166-173. 
origin  of,  i.  167-170,  175-176. 
Anglo-Saxon,  i.  169-170,  174-191. 
frith-gilds,  i.  170,175,  178. 
classification  of,  i.  176-177. 
Gildsmen,  method  of  becoming,  i.  29. 
privileges  of,  i.  36-49 ;  privileges  of 

kinsmen  of,  i.  29. 
duties  of,  i.  53-60. 
obligation  to  share  purchases  among, 

VOL.  II.  F 


i.  49;  ii.  46,  150,  161,  185,  218, 
219,  226,  290,  352. 
obligation  of,  to  pay  *  scot  and  lot,' 

i-  53-57- 

Glamorganshire  :  see  Cardiff,  Glamor- 
gan, Kenfig,   Llantrissant,  Neath, 
Swansea. 
Glasgow,  gildry  of,   i.    205,   221-222, 

224-225. 

convenery  of,  i.  202,  221,  225. 
surviving  gilds  of,  i.  226. 
Gloucester,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  12  ;  ii. 

373-374- 

booth-hall  at,  i.  81. 
gild-hall  of,  i.  81. 
trading  companies  at,  i.  129. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
mother  town  of,  i.  243,  248. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  248,  255. 
Gloucestershire  :  see  Bristol,  Cirencester, 

Gloucester,  Redcliff,  Sodbury. 
Goslar,  gild  of,  i.  294. 
Gowran,  mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Grampound,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  1 2. 
Grantham,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  12. 
Gravesend,  town-house  at,  i.  82. 

formation  of  freemen  into  craft  gilds 

at,  i.  123. 

all  freemen  enrolled  in  trade  com- 
panies at,  i.  124. 

Mercers'  Company  at,  i.  123,  129. 
Greatanlea,   Saxon    laws    made  at,   i. 

178.    ' 
Great  Gild  of  Lynn  Regis,  i.  161 ;  ii. 

151. 

Great  Yarmouth  :  see  Yarmouth. 
Greenock,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Grimsby,  gild  of  Holy  Trinity  at,  i.  27, 

84. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193,  195. 
mother  town  of,  i.  248,  259. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  254. 
plea  of,  against  Lincoln,  ii.  147. 
Grocer,  definition  of,  i.  1 28. 
Guildford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  12,  123; 

ii.  91-106,  375. 
officials  of  gild  at,  i.  28. 
gild  feasts  at,  i.  33,  34. 
collection  of  gild  dues  at,  i.  58. 
later  select  body  at,  i.  161. 
mother  town  of,  i.  248. 


434 


Guildford,  daughter  town  of,  i.  255. 

Haddington,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 

seat  of  Four  Burghs  at,  i.  258. 
Haddingtonshire  :    see   Dunbar,    Had- ' 

dington. 

Halberstadt,  gild  of,  i.  298. 
Hall-wardens,  gild  officials,   i.   28 ;  ii. 

93-98. 

Hamburgh  Company,  i.  156. 
Hampshire :    see   Alresford,    Andover, 
Basingstoke,  Newtown,  Petersfield, 
Portsmouth,   Southampton,    Win- 
chester. 

Hanse,  the  English,!.  8,  59,  192-196. 
meanings  of  term,  i.  194-198. 
in  Ireland,  i.  197;  Scotland,  i.  197; 
on  the  Continent,  i.  198,  294,  299. 
London  Teutonic  Hanse,  i.  154,  192  : 

see  Hanseatic  League. 
Hanse  of  Merchant  Adventurers,  i.  195, 

196. 

Hanse  de  Londres,  i.  198. 
Hanse  of  Paris,  i.  198. 
Hanseatic  League,  i.  192, 197,  198. 
Harlech,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17  ;  ii.  48. 
rights  of  gild  at,  i.  38. 
hanse  of,  i.  193,  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Hartlepool,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  1 2  ;  ii. 

106-107. 

functions  of  gild  at,  i.  120. 
mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Hastings,  freemen  sworn  to  pay  '  scot 

and  lot '  at,  i.  55. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  255. 
Pevensey  in   '  scot    and   lot '    with, 

i.  258. ' 

Haverfordwest,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 
villeinage  at,  i.  30. 
survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 
mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
laws  of  Hereford  sent  to,  i.  260. 
Hawking  goods,  fines  for,  i.  128. 
Hedon,  gild  merchant  in,  i.  12,  101  ;  ii. 

107-108. 

incorporation  of,  i.  93. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193,  197. 
mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Heirs,  use  of  term  in-  town  charters,  i. 
95- 


Helston,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13  ;  ii.  108. 

mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Henley- on-Thames,  gild  merchant  at,  i. 
13  ;  ii.  108-109. 

exactions  on  strangers  at,  i.  195. 
Henry  I,  gild  merchant  in  reign  of,  i.  5. 
Henry  II,  gild  merchant  in  reign  of,  i.  5. 
Hereford,   gild  merchant  at,  i.  13 ;  ii. 
109-110. 

French  burgesses  in,  i.  4. 

burgage  tenure  at,  i.  6. 

villeinage  in,  i.  30. 

forwardesmen  of,  i.  31. 

*  scot  and  lot'  at,  i.  57,  59. 
forinseci  at,  i.  68. 
booth-hall  at,  i.  81. 
Mercers'  Company  at,  i.  129. 
in  Domesday,  i.  186. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  242,  257. 

mother  town  of,  i.  248. 

laws  of,  sent  to  daughter  towns,  i. 

259-262,  266. 

Herefordshire  :  see  Hereford. 
Hertfordshire  :  see  St.  Alban's. 
Heyners,  gild  officials,  i.  27,  33  ;  ii.  278, 

392- 
Higham    Ferrers,   mother    town   of,  i. 

248. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  244. 
Hillsborough,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  249. 
Hope  (Flintshire),  gild  merchant  at,  i. 

17;   "•  375-3;6. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
mother  town  of,  i.  245. 
Horsham,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13. 
Hull,  societies  of  merchants  at,  i.  139 ;  ii. 
110-114. 

*  scot  and  lot'  at,  i.  55. 
Staple  at,  i.  141. 

Merchant  Adventurers  at,  i.  150,  152, 

154- 

mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Hundred,  boroughs   or  wards  of  bor- 
oughs constituting,  i.  79. 

officials  of  Saxon,  i.  180. 

in  Scotland,  i.  201. 
Hundred  Court,  of  boroughs,  i.  79. 
Huntingdon,  weavers'  gild  at,  i.  114. 
Huntingdonshire  :  see  Huntingdon. 


Sinner, 


435 


Ilchester,  mother  town  of,  i.  248. 

charter  of,  i.  248. 
Incorporation,  municipal,  i.  93-105. 

influence  of  gilds  on,  i.  97,  99. 
Inistioge,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 

mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Initiation  fees,  of  gild,  i.  29. 

mentioned,  ii.  4-8,  13,  68,  85,  93- 
104,  no,  123-125,  137,  138,  153, 
154,  160,  164,  197,  203,  208,  211- 
214,  240-242,  289-347,  354,  377. 
Inverary,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Inverbervie,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Inverkeithing,  gildry  of,  i.  205,  223. 
Inverness,   free    hanse    granted    to,    i. 

197. 

gildry  of,  i.  205,  223. 
convenery  of,  i.  202. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  246. 
Inverness-shire :  see  Inverness. 
Inverurie,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Ipswich,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13,  93  ;  ii. 

114-132,376-377. 
charter    of   gild    merchant    (1200), 

i.  7. 

officers  of  gild  at,  i.  24-27. 
town  government  of  (circa  1200),  i. 

23- 
provision  for  support  of  gild  at,  i. 

25- 

gild  meetings  at,  i.  33  ;  ii.  128. 
admission  fees  of  gild  at,  i.  34. 
alderman's  trading  monopoly  at,  i. 

49- 

gild  obligations  limited  to  money  pay- 
ment, i.  57. 

records  of  gild  of,  i.  26,  62. 

distinct  officials  for  town  and  gild  at, 
i.  63,  75. 

gild  without  judicial  authority  at,  i. 

65- 

forinseci  at,  i.  67. 
gildsmen  of,  free  from  toll,  i.  69. 
manorial  lords  on  gild  roll  of,  i.  74. 
persons  holding  both  gild  and  town 

offices  at,  i.  75  ;  ii.  116-121. 
moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
records  of,  i.  93. 
seal  of,  i.  95. 
democratic    constitution    of,  i.    108 ; 

ii.  116-123. 


Ipswich,  supersession  of  gild  merchant 
by  craft  gilds  at,  i.  118. 

trades  formed  into  four  fellowships 
at,  i.  123. 

petition  for  erection  into  Staple  re- 
fused, i.  141. 

connection   of,   with  Staple,  i.  142, 

143- 

Merchant  Adventurers  at,  i.  150. 

Corpus  Christi  gild  at,  i.  119,  162  ; 
ii.  125-129. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193 ;  hanse  pay- 
able to  gild  at,  i.  194. 

hansa  and  gilda  synonymous  at,  i. 

196. 

Ireland,  boroughs  of,  having  gild  mer- 
chant, i.  18-20. 

burghal  taxes  in,  i.  59. 

union  of  boroughs  of,  i.  106. 

boroughs  of,  allowed  to  form  frater- 
nities, i.  113. 

town  bargains  in,  i.  136. 

Staple  towns  of,  i.  141-143,  146. 

Staplers'  organisation  in,  i.  146. 

craft  gilds  of  (1835),  'l-  J^4- 

hanse  privileges  in,  i.  197. 

founding  of  towns  in  Ulster,  i.  242. 

towns  in,  modelled  after  Bristol,  i. 

242,  256-257. 
Irvine,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Isolation  (social)  in  the  middle  ages, 

i.  241. 
Italy,  gilds  of,  i.  172,  282-288. 

affiliation  of  towns  in,  i.  270. 

Jamestown,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 

mother  town  of,  i.  248. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  245,  248. 
Jedburgh,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Jews,  in  boroughs,  i.  70. 
Judicia  Civitatis  Lundoniae,  i.  178. 
Jurors  (town  officers),  duties  of,  i.  87. 

Keepers,  gild  officials,  i.  27  ;  ii.  15, 207, 

270,  274. 
Kells,  mother  town  of,  i.  248. 

charter  of,  i.  248. 
Kelso,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Kendal,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 

f  2 


436 


Kendal,  trade  fraternities  collectively 
called  gilds  at,  i.  119. 

mercers  of,  i.  128,  152. 

trading  companies  at,  i.  129,  139, 164. 
Kenfig,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17  ;  ii.  132- 

134. 

town  bargains  at,  i.  136  ;  ii.  133. 
Kent :    see  Canterbury,  Dover,  Faver- 
sham,       Folkestone,       Fordwich, 
Gravesend,       Lydd,       Maidstone, 
Queenborough,    Rochester,    Rom- 
ney,  Sandwich,  Shepway. 
Kerry  (Co.)  :  see  Dingle,  Tralee. 
Kildare  (Co.) :  see  Kildare,  Naas. 
Kildare,  mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
Kilkenny  (Co.)  :  see  Gowran,  Inistioge, 
Kilkenny,    Rathcoole,    Rosbercon, 
Thomastown. 
Kilkenny,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19 ;  ii. 

134-136. 

tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 
crafts  at,    .112. 
Statute  of,  i.  136. 
Staple  at,  i.  143. 
mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  255. 
Kilmaclenyn,  mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Kilmallock,  mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Kilmarnock,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Kilmeadan,  mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Kilsyth,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Kincardineshire :  see  Inverbervie,  Stone- 
haven. 

Kinghorn,  gildry  of,  i.  205. 
King's  Co. :  see  Banagher,  Portarling- 

ton. 

King's  Lynn  :  see  Lynn  Regis. 
Kingston-upon-Thames,  gild  merchant 

at,  i.  13. 
freemen  of,  formed  into  craft  gilds,  i. 

123. 

trading  companies  at,  i.  129,  164. 
mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Kinsale,  Staple  at,  i.  143. 
mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Kintore,  free  hanse  granted  to,  i.  197  ; 

gildry  of,  i.  205. 
Kirkby  Johannis,  mother  town   of,   i. 

249. 

Kirkcaldy,  gildry  of,  i.  206,  223. 
Kirkcudbright,  crafts  "of,  i.  223. 


Kirkcudbright  (Stewardry) :   see  Kirk- 
cudbright, Galloway  (New). 
Kirkham,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
Kirkwall,  gildry  of,  i.  206. 

Lampeter,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 
hanse  charter  of;  i.  193. 
mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Lanark,  gildry  of,  i.  206. 
one  of  Four  Burghs,  i.  200. 
convenery  of,  i.  202. 
appeal  of,  to  Edinburgh,  i.  258. 
Lanarkshire:     see    Glasgow,    Lanark, 

Rutherglen. 

Lancashire :   see    Clitheroe,    Kirkham, 
Lancaster,  Liverpool,  Manchester, 
Preston,  Salford,  Wigan. 
Lancaster,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13. 
toll-booth  at,  i.  81. 
mother  town  of,  i.  249,  259, 
charter  of,  i.  249. 
Lands,  pleas  relating  to,  gild  merchant 

not  concerned  with,  i.  104. 
Lanesborough,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 
tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  249. 
Laugharne,  mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Launceston,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  12  ;  ii. 

85-86,  37°. 

entrance  fees  to  gild  at,  i.  29;  ii.  85. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  245,  248,  249. 
Lawmen,  Anglo-Saxon,  i,  185. 
Law-merchant,  i.  143-144. 
Leeds,  trade  driven  to,  i.  52. 
moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Leet,  burghal  functions  of,  i.  64,  65,  87, 

90,  125. 
in  towns  of  mesne  lords,  i.  75,  90- 

92. 

decadence  of,  i.  75,  126,  160. 
Leges  Burgorum  of  Scotland,  i.  200,  210, 

213,  243. 
Leicester,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13;   ii. 

136-144. 

seal  of  gild  of,  i.  28. 
entrance  fees  to  gild  at,  i.  29  ;  ii.  137, 

138,  292. 

gild  members  not   allowed  to  share 
profits  with  non-members,  i.  48. 


437 


Leicester,  tenants  of  bishop's  fee,  pur- 
chase gild  rights  at,  i.  56,  68,  72. 

distinct  officials  for  town  and  gild  at, 
i.  63. 

judiciary  of,  i.  65,  87. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81,  196. 

purchase  of  hall  of  gild  by  borough, 
i.  83. 

Corpus  Christi  gild  at,  i.  84. 

influence  of  gild  at,  i.  87. 

hanse  at,  i.  194,  195;  ii.  137,  138. 
Leicestershire  :  see  Leicester. 
Leighlin  (Old),  mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Leith,  convenery  of,  i.  202. 
Leitrim  (Co.)  :  see  Jamestown. 
Levelookers,  gild  officials,  i.  27  ;  ii.  41- 

43,  148,  174,  175. 

Lewes,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13  ;  ii.  145. 
Liber  burgus  :  see  Free  borough. 
Lichfield,  gild  of,  i.  84;  ii.  145-146. 

origin  of  town-hall  of,  i.  83. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 

mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Lidford,  mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Lifford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 
Limerick  (Co.)  :    see  Kilmallock,  Lim- 
erick. 
Limerick,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19;  ii.  59. 

tholsel  at,  i.  82. 

union  of,  with  other  towns,  i.  106. 

Staple  at,  i.  142. 

mother  town  of,  i.  249,  259. 
Lincoln,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13  ;  ii.  146- 

H7>  377-379- 

villeins  in  charters  of,  i.  30,  103. 
entrance  into  Leicester  gild  purchased 

by  tenants  of  bishop  of,  i.  56,  68, 

72. 

'  scot  and  lot '  at,  i.  59. 
distinct  officers  for  gild  and  town  at, 

i.  63. 

strangers  in  gild  of,  i.  67. 
fullers  not  received  into  gild  of,  i.  70, 

108. 

aldermanries  of,  i.  So. 
weavers'  gild  at,  i.  114. 
Staple  at,  i.  141. 
lawmen  of,  i.  185. 
gildwite  (gild  exaction)  at,  i.  195. 
mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  254. 


Lincolnshire :  see  Boston,  Gainsborough, 
Grantham,  Grimsby,  Lincoln,  Luda, 
Stamford. 

Linlithgow,    common    bargains    at,    i. 

137- 

one  of  Four  Burghs,  i.  200. 
gildry  of,  206. 

Linlithgowshire :  see  Linlithgow. 
Liskeard,  gild  merchant  of,  i.  1 3  ;   ii. 

108. 

mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Liverpool,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13,  90  ; 

ii.  148. 

levelookers  of,  i.  27. 
election  of  chief  officer  in,  i.  97. 
town   bargains   in,  i.  136  ;    ii.    148- 

150. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
Livery  (London),  elective  rights  of,  i. 

112. 

Llandovery,  booth-hall  at,  i.  81. 
Llanfyllin,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 

mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Llanidloes,  burgages  at,  i.  71. 
Llantrissaint,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17  5  ii- 

150. 

mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Lochmabin,  gildry  of,  i.  206. 
London,  in  Anglo-Saxon  period,  i.  3. 
French  burgesses  in,  i.  4. 
commune  of,  recognised  by  John,  i. 

20,  21,  101. 

no  gild  merchant  in,  i.  20,  116,  171. 
charters  of  trading  towns  entered  on 

records  of,  i.  44. 

cnihten  gild  of,  i.  78,  80,  186-188. 
aldermen  of,  i.  78-80. 
gild-hall  of,  i.  81. 
incorporation  of,  i.  94,  101. 
exclusion  of  certain  craftsmen  from 

burghal  rights  at,  i.  108. 
election   of  officers   and   council  at, 

i.  112. 
judicial  powers  of  craft   gilds  in,  i. 

US- 

weavers  in,  monopoly  granted  to,  i. 

114.  JI5- 

subdivision  of  crafts,  i.  117- 
citizenship    of,     obtainable   through 

crafts,  i.  124. 
Staple  at,  i.  141. 


3[naer. 


London,  company  of  Merchant  Adven- 
turers of,  i.  149-151,  154,  155. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 

frith-gild  at,  i.  170,  175,  178. 

history  of,  peculiar,  i.  172. 

Judicia  Civitatis  of,  i.  178-181. 

barons  of,  i.  18*5. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  242,  254,  259, 
264,  266. 

customs   of,  sent  to  Oxford,  i.  264, 
265. 

tall  ages  in,  i.  265. 

Richard  I's  jest  concerning,  i.  280. 
Londonderry  (Co.)  :  see  Londonderry. 
Londonderry,  mercantile  fraternity  at,  i. 
122. 

Staple  at,  i.  143. 

mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Longford    (Co.)  :     see    Lanesborough, 

Longford,  St.  Johnstown. 
Longford,  tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 

mother  town  of,  i.  249. 
Lostwithiel,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  13. 

Staple  for  tin  at,  i.  141. 
Louth  (Co.):  see  Drogheda,  Dundalk, 

Dunleer. 
Luda  (Louth  in  Lincolnshire),  plea  of, 

against  Lincoln,  i.  146-147. 
Ludlow,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14. 

burgesses  of,  in  Montgomery,  i.  46. 

origin  of  town-hall  at,  i.  83. 

association  of  trades  at,  i.  121. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i,  164. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 

mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
Lydd,  mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
Lyme  Regis,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 

mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
Lynn  Regis,  gild   merchant   at,  i.  14, 
29;ii.  151-170,  379-380. 

officials  of  gild  at,  i.  28. 

seal  of  gild  at,  i.  28. 

gild  feasts  at,  i.  33. 

skevins'  trade  dealings  at,  i.  49. 

alderman  of  gild  acts  as  deputy  mayor 
of  borough  at,  i.  63. 

loan  by  gild  to  borough  of,  i.  63. 

strangers  at,  free  of  toll,  i.  67. 

distinction    between    burgesses    and 
gildsmen  at,  i.  69  ;  ii,  167. 


Lynn  Regis,  tollbooth  at,  i.  81. 
origin  of  town-hall  at,  i.  83. 
corporation  of,  i.  g\. 
craft  gilds  of,  i.  115. 
petition  for  erection   into  Staple  re- 
fused, i.  141. 
Staple  at,  i.  142. 
German  hanse  society  in,  i.  154. 
charter  to  merchants  of,  i.  156. 
gild  of  Holy  Trinity  at,  i.  161. 
charter    of  Bishop   of  Norwich   to, 

i.  243. 
mother  town  of,  i.  243,  250,  266. 


Macclesfield,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14, 90  ; 

ii.  171. 

rights  of  entrance  into  gild  at,  i.  39. 
moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
non-identity  of  borough  and  gild  at, 

i.  89;   ii.  171. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  244. 
Maidenhead,  religious  gild  of,  i.  84. 
Maidstone,  mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
Mallow,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 
Malmesbury,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14  ;  ii. 

171-173. 

two  gild-halls  at,  i.  82. 
Manchester,  rise  of,  i.  52. 
tollbooth  at,  i.  81-82. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
Market,  clerks  of,  i.  26. 
Market  days,  free  trading  on,  i.  47. 
Market  towns,  absence  of  gild  merchant 

in,  i.  92. 
Mark  system,  in  England,  i.  174. 

affiliation    of  mark   communities,  i. 

242,  259. 
Marlborough,    annual    gild     merchant 

at,  i.  14;  ii.  173-174. 
town  meetings  at,  i.  32. 
exclusion  of  craftsmen  from  burghal 

rights  at,  i.  108. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  255. 
Marriage,    Merchant    Adventurers    re- 
quired to  marry  natives,  i.  148. 
Marshal,   gild   official,  i.   28  ;    ii.  93- 

98. 

Maryborough,  mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
Masters,  gild  officials,  i.  26. 


3[ntier. 


439 


Maybole,  gildry  of,  i.  206. 

Mayor,  alderman  of  Lynn  gild  deputy 

of,  i.  63. 

not  identical  with  alderman  of  Lei- 
cester gild,  i.  63. 
importance  of  office  of,  i.  97. 
of  Staple,  i.  141-143;  appointed  by 

king,  i.  144. 
Meath  (Co.):    see  Athboy,   Drogheda, 

Kells,  Trim. 

Mechlin,  statutes  of  gild  of,  i.  297. 
Melcombe  Regis,  Staple  at,  i.  142. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250,  266. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  250. 
Melrose,  daughter  town  of,  i.  247. 
Mercantile  Companies,  i.  127-157. 
Mercer,  craft  of,  i.  128,  129,  139. 
Merchant,  medieval  meanings  of  term, 

i.  107,  127,  155,  157. 
Merchant  Adventurers :  see  Adventurers. 
Merchants,  thegn- right  of,  after  making 

three  voyages,  i.  3,  185. 
not    synonymous  with   burgesses,   i. 

66. 
prosperity  of,  temp.  Edw.  Ill,  i.  116- 

117. 

later  companies  of,  i.  127-139. 
Merionethshire  :  see  Bala,  Harlech. 
Middelburg,    statutes    of    gild    of,    i. 

295- 

English  Staple  at,  i.  140. 
Middlesex  :  see  London,  Westminster. 
Minehead,  mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
Monasteries,  union  of,  i.  190. 
Monks   excluded   from  burgess-ship,  i. 

66. 

Monmouthshire  :  see  Newport. 
Monopoly  in  trade  belonging  to  gild, 
i.   25,  29,  43-52  ;    in    Scotland,  i. 
208,  209. 

Montgomery,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 
charter  of,  i.  46. 
hanse  of,  i.  193. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  257. 
laws  of  Hereford  sent  to,  i.  262. 
Montgomeryshire :  see  Llanfyllin,  Llani- 
dloes,      Montgomery,      Newtown, 
Welshpool. 

Montrose,  gildry  of,  i.  206,  223. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250. 


Moot-hall,  identity  of,  with  town-hall, 

i.  81. 
co  -  existence  of,  with  gild  -  hall,  i. 

82. 
Moots,    burghal,    gild    not    connected 

with,  i.  64,  85,  86,  90  :  see  Leet. 
Moray,  free  hanse  granted  to,  i.  197. 
Morning-talks   (gild    meetings),  i.  32, 

284. 

Morocco  Company,  i.  156. 
Morpeth,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14. 
tollbooth  at,  i.  81. 

participation  of  craftsmen  in  govern- 
ment of,  i.  in. 

functions  of  later  gild  at,  i.  1 20. 
freedom  obtained  through  crafts  at, 

i.  124. 

Merchants'  Company  at,  i.  139. 
survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 
Mortmain,  statute  of,  extended  to  cities 

and  boroughs,  i.  95. 
Much  Wenlock  :  see  Wenlock. 
Municipal  Corporations  Act,  rights  of 

free  trading  by,  i.  165. 
Commission's    report     on    gilds,    i. 

164. 

Municipalities :  see  Boroughs. 
Munth,  free  hanse  granted  to  merchants 

north  of  the,  i.  197. 
Mysteries  :  see  Craft  gilds. 

Naas,  mother  town  of,  i.  250. 

Nairn,  free  hanse  granted  to  burgesses 

of,  i.  197. 
gildry  of,  i.  206. 
Nairnshire :  see  Nairn. 
Name,  right  of  incorporate  borough  to 

distinctive,  i.  96. 
Nantwich,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14;  ii. 

I74-I75. 
Neath,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17  ;  ii.  175- 

177. 
scot   and   lot   payable   by  gildsmen 

in,  i.  55. 

town  bargains  at,  i.  136  ;  ii.  176. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
Netherlands,  gild  merchant  in,  i.  284. 
Netherwere,  mother  town  of,  i.  250. 

laws  of  Hereford  sent  to,  i.  262. 
Nevin,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250. 


440 


Newborough  (Anglesey),  gild  merchant 

at,  i.  17  ;  ii.  48. 
rights  of  gild  at,  i.  38. 
hanse  of,  i.  193,  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250,  259. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  256. 
Newborough  (Co.  Wexford),  daughter 

towns  of,  i.  248. 
Newburgh   (Fifeshire),  daughter  town 

of,  i.  251. 
Newcastle-under-Lyme,   gild   merchant 

at,  i.  14;  ii.  177-182. 
exactions  by  gild  at,  i.  39. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  251,  259. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  gild  merchant  at, 

i.  14;  ii.  182-188. 
villeins  in,  i.  30. 
action  by  burgesses  against  gild  at,  i. 

69  ;  ii.  184. 
moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
town-  and  gild-hall  co-existent  at,  i. 

82. 
crafts  share  in  government  of,  i.  in; 

ii.  380-385. 

later  court  of  gild  of,  i.  119. 
trading  companies  at,  i.  129,  164. 
common  purchases   of  Cordwainers' 

Company  at,  i.  1 39. 
Staple  at,  i.  141,  142,  143. 
Merchant  Adventurers  at,  i.  150,  152, 

J53>  154.  155- 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193,  195. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  242,  256. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
charter  of,  i.  262. 

customs  of,  sent  to  Scotland,  i.  263. 
Newport    (Monmouthshire),  gild   mer- 
chant of,  i.  17 ;  ii.  189. 
Newport   (Salop),    gild    merchant    at, 

i.  14. 

New  Ross,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 
Staple  at,  i.  143. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  246. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Newry,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 
Newton    (Dorset),    mother    town    of, 

i.  250. 
Newton  (Wales),  gild  merchant  at,  i. 

17;  »•  385-386. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
Newtown  (Hants)  :  see  Francheville. 


Newtown    (Montgomeryshire),   mother 

town  of,  i.  250. 

Norfolk  :   see  Brisingham,  Lynn  Regis, 
Norwich,      Thetford,      Yarmouth 
(Great),  Yarmouth  (Little). 
Normandy,   gild   merchant  introduced 

into  England  from,  i.  4. 
Northampton,  absence  of  gild  merchant 

at,  i.  22. 

mother  town  of,  i.  250. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  254,  259. 
Northamptonshire  :        see      Daventry, 

Higham  Ferrers,  Northampton. 
Northumberland:    see  Alnwick,   Barn- 
borough,  Berwick,  Morpeth,  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne. 
Norwich,  absence  of  gild  merchant  at, 

i.  22. 

French  burgesses  in,  i.  4. 
decline  of,  i.  52. 
scot  and  lot  at,  i.  56. 
tollbooth  at,  i.  81,  82. 
gild  of  St.  George  at,  i.  84. 
all   freemen  enrolled  in   trade  com- 
panies at,  i.  124;  ii.  189-190. 
Staple  at,  i.  141. 

Merchant  Adventurers  at,  i.  150. 
mother  town  of,  i.  250,  259. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  254. 
Nottingham,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14;  ii. 

190-191. 

French  burgesses  in,  i.  4. 
residence  in,  condition  of  emancipation 

from  villeinage,  i.  30. 
town-  and  gild-hall  co-existent  in,  i. 

82. 
petition   of,  for  erection  into  Staple 

refused,  i.  141. 
cnihts'  gild  at,  i.  188. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  243,  254. 
mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Nottinghamshire:  see  Nottingham. 

Oath  of  town  officials,  i.  24,  25. 

of  gildsmen   in   England,   i.    29 ;  in 

Scotland,  i.  209. 
of  burgesses,  i.  55;  ii.  81,  150. 
Orford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14. 
Orkney :  see  Kirkwall. 
Oswestry,   gild  merchant  at,  i.  14  ;  ii. 
191-192. 


441 


Oswestry,  hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 

mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Overt  on,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 
mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Oxford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14,  65  ;  ii. 

28, 192-194,  386-387. 
morning-talks  at,  i.  32. 
officials  of  town  and  gild  distinct  at, 

i.  63. 
exclusion  of  craftsmen  from  burghal 

rights  at,  i.  108. 
craft  gilds  of,  i.  114-115. 
freedom  of,  obtained  through  gilds, 

i.  124. 
later  trading   companies  at,  i.   129, 

164. 

hanseria  (toll)  of,  i.  195. 
mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  254. 
customs  of  London  sent  to,  i.  264, 

265. 

Bedford  and  Lynn  appeal  to,  i.  266. 
Oxfordshire  :     see     Banbury,    Burford, 
Henley,  Oxford,  Woodstock. 

Paisley,  mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Paris,  Hanse  of,  i.  198,  285. 

Butchers'  Gild  of,  i.  285. 
Peebles,  gildry  of,  i.  206. 
Peeblesshire :  see  Peebles. 
Pembrokeshire  :      see     Haverfordwest, 

Tenby. 

Perth,  gildry  of,  i.  206,  213,  214,  223, 
225. 

convenery  of,  i.  202. 

surviving  gilds  of,  i.  226. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  245,  250,  253. 
Perthshire  :  see  Culross,  Dunkeld,  Perth. 
Petersfield,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  14 ;  ii. 

387. 
mother  town  of,  i.  251. 

Pevensey,  freemen  sworn  to  pay  'scot 

and  lot '  in,  i.  55. 
union  of,  with  Hastings,  i.  258. 
Pincernae,  gild  officials,  i.  28,  33. 
Plead,  right  to,  characteristic  of  corpora- 
tive borough,  i.  96. 
Plymouth,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 
gild  of  St.  George  at,  i.  83. 
incorporation  of,  i.  94. 


Plymouth,  town  bargains  at,  i.  136. 

merchants  of,  i.  156. 

mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Plympton  Earle,  mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Poland,  affiliation  of  towns  in,  i.  271, 

279. 
Pontefiact,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  8r. 

mother  town  of,  i.  251. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  254. 
Poole,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 

Staple  at,  i.  142. 

mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Population  of  medieval  boroughs,  i.  73- 
Portarlington,  tholsel  at,  i.  82. 
Portmanmote,  functions  of,  i.  87. 
Portmen,  duties  of,  i.  23,  24. 

remuneration  of,  i.  26. 
Port-reeve,  bargains  to  be  concluded  in 

presence  of,  i.  3. 
Portsmouth,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 

mother  town  of,  i.  251. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  255. 
Pre-emption,  gildsmen's  right  of,  i.  48  ; 

ii.  218. 

Preston,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15  ;  ii.  194- 
201. 

officials  of  gild  at,  i.  28. 

assessments  at,  i.  59. 

distinction     between    gildsmen    and 
burgesses  at,  i.  69  ;  ii.  195. 

burgage  at,  i.  71. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 

tollboothat,  i.  81. 

later  trading   companies  of,  i.    121, 
163,  164;  ii.  199. 

modern  celebrations  of  gild  at,  i.  165. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  193. 

mother  town  of,  i.  251,  259. 
Priest,  Saxon  bargains  to  be  made  before, 

i-  3- 

Privileges  of  gildsmen,  i.  36-49. 
Proctors,    officers   of  Merchants'  Com- 
pany at  Alnwick,  i.  130. 
Protection,    gilds    erected    to  procure 

trade,i.  50-52. 
Provost,  gild  official,  i.  28  ;  ii.  135. 

chief  officer  of  Scotch  towns,  i.  201. 
Pwllheli,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  17. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  251. 


442 


Queenborongh,  Staple  at,  i.  141-142. 
Queen's    County  :     see    Maryborough, 
Portarlington. 

Rathcoole,  mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Rathmore,  mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Ravenspurne,  mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Reading,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15 ;  ii.  202- 

209. 

town  meetings  at,  i.  32. 
fourteenth    century     regulations    for 

trading  at,  i.  45-46. 
burgesses  not  members  of  gild  at,  i. 

69. 
supersession  of  gild  merchant  by  craft 

gilds  at,  i.  1 1 8. 
Records  kept  by  gild,  i.  62. 
Red  cliff,  mother  town  of,  i.  251. 
Regrating,  i.  49. 
Religious  element  in  medieval  gilds,  i. 

34,  I7<5. 
Renfrew,  gildry  of,  i.  206. 

Renfrewshire :    see   Greenock,   Paisley, 

Renfrew. 
Residence    in    town    not    required  for 

membership  of  gild,  i.  29,  72. 
Retail  trade  to  be  carried  on  only  by 

members  of  gild,  i.  45. 
Revenues  of  gild,  how  provided,  i.  25, 28. 
Rhuddlan,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  256,  259. 
laws  of  Hereford  sent  to,  i.  259,  262. 
Richard  I,  gild  merchant  in  reign  of,  i.  5. 
Richmond,  survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  244. 
Ripon,  daughter  town  of,  i.  253. 
Rochester,  gild  merchant  at,  i,  15,  90; 

ii.  387-388. 
hanse  charter  of,  i.  194. 
Roman  influence  in  Great  Britain,  i.  1 76, 

201. 

Romney,  mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Rosbercon,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 

mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Roscommon  (Co.)  :  see  Athlone,  Boyle, 

Tulske. 

Rosehearty,  gildry  of,  i.  206. 
Ross  (New)  :  see  New  Ross. 
Ross,  burgess  duties  at,  i.  74. 


Ross-shire  :     see    Dingwall,    Fortrose, 

Tain. 

Rouen,  charter  of,  i.  292. 
Roxburgh,  one  of  Four  Burghs,  i.  200, 

258. 
Roxburghshire :    see    Jedburgh,   Kelso, 

Melrose,  Roxburgh. 
Royalty  in  England,  strength  of,  i.  109, 

170,  199. 

Russia,  affiliation  of  villages  in,  i.  242. 
Russia  Company,  i.  156. 
Rutherglen,  gildry  of,  i.  206. 
Ruthin,  levelookers  at,  i.  27. 
survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Ruyton,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 

mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Rye,  mother  town  of,  i.  252. 


Saffron- Walden,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 

moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 

governing  gild  at,  i.  84. 
St.  Alban's,  court  leet  at,  i.  87. 

common  seal  for  borough  of,  i.  96. 

craft  gild  meetings  at,  i.  120. 

union  of  craft  gilds  at,  i.  123. 

all  freemen    enrolled   in  trade  com- 
panies at,  i.  124. 

Mercers'  Company  at,  i.  129. 

mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
St.  Andrews,  gildry  of,  i.  207,  223. 

convenery  of,  i.  202. 
St.  Johnstown,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  19. 

tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 

mother  town  of,  i.  248. 
St.  Omer,  statutes  of  gild  of,  i  290-292. 

Staple  at,  i.  140. 
Salford,  daughter  town  of,  i.  250. 
Salisbury,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  1 5 ;   ii. 
209-210. 

seal  of,  i.  95. 

Merchants'  Company  at,  i.  139. 

Merchant  Adventurers  of,  i.  151. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 

mother  town  of,  i.  252. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  244,  253. 
Sandwich,  Mercers'  Company  at,  i.  129. 

Staple  at,  i.  142. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  247. 
Sanquhar.  gildry  of,  i.  207. 


3lntier, 


443 


Scarborough,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15  ; 
ii.  388. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  194,  197. 

mother  town  of,  i.  252. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  254. 
'  Scot  and  lot'  paid  by  gildsmen,  i.  53- 

59- 

Scotland,  ferthingmen  in,  i.  27. 
tollbooths  in  towns  of,  i.  81. 
town  bargains  in,  i.  136. 
hanse  in,  i.  197. 

municipal  history  of,  i.  198-202. 
gild  merchant  of,  i.  199-240. 
classification  of  burghs  of,  i.  200. 
Convention  of  Burghs  of,  i.  200. 
Court  of  Four  Burghs  of,  i.  200,  258. 
craft  gilds  of,  i.  202,  211-225. 
Burgh  Reform  Act,  i.  225. 
burghal  affiliation  in,  i.  256-258. 
Newcastle  sends  laws  to,  i.  263. 
Seaford,  mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Seal  of  borough,  i.  24,  95. 
grants  of,  i.  93~94- 
right  of  incorporate  borough  to  pos- 
sess, i.  96. 

Scotch  seals  of  cause,  i.  202. 
Selkirk,  gildry  of,  i.  207. 
Selkirkshire  :  see  Selkirk. 
Sergeants,  gild  officials,  i.  28  ;  ii.  215. 
Sheffield,  trading  company  at,  i.  164. 
Shepway,  court  of  appeal  at,  i.  258. 
Ships,  strangers  allowed  to  retail  wines 

from,  i.  45. 
Shops  to  be  kept  only  by  members  of 

gild,  i.  45. 
Shrewsbury,  gild   merchant  at,  i.   15  ; 

ii.  210-213. 

French  burgesses  in,  i.  4. 
burgesses  of,  in  Montgomery,  i.  46. 
scot  and  lot  at,  i.  56. 
separation  of  burgesses  and  forinseci, 

i.  67. 
re-entry  of  burgesses  into  gild,  i.  69  ; 

ii.  212. 

booth-hall  at,  i.  81. 
Mercers'  Company  at,  i.  129. 
Staple  at,  i.  141. 
survival  of  gilds  in,  i.  164. 
theynesmen  of,  i.  185. 
Domesday  account  of,  i.  186. 


Shrewsbury,  hanse  charter  of,  i.  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  254,  256. 
Shropshire  :    see   Bridgnorth,    Burford, 
Ellesmere,  Ludlow,  Newport,  Os- 
westry,  Ruyton,  Shrewsbury,  Wen- 
lock. 

Six-men,  officers  of  craft  gild,  i.  121. 
Skanor,  synods   of  gild  federation  at, 

i.  241. 
Skevins,  officers  of  gild,  i.  26;  ii.  152- 

166,  214-225,  380. 
continental  scabini,  i.  26. 
Skynburgh,  daughter  town  of,  i.  249. 
Sligo  (Co.)  :  see  Sligo. 
Sligo,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  20. 
Staple  at,  i.  143. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  256. 
Sodbury,  daughter  town  of,  i.  252. 
Somersetshire  :     see    Axbridge,    Bath, 
Bridgwater,      Bristol,       Ilchester, 
Minehead,    Netherwere,    Taunton, 
Wells. 
Southampton,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15, 

46  ;  ii.  213-234. 
officials  of  gild  at,  i.  28. 
gild  festivities  at,  i.  34. 
toll  paid  for  trading  at,  by  non-gilds- 
men,  i.  44  ;  ii.  218. 
charters  of  trading  towns  entered  in 

records  of,  i.  44. 

pre-emption  of  gildsmen  at,  i.  48. 
records  of  gild  alderman  at,  i.  62. 
gild  without  judicial  powers  at,  i. 

65- 

strangers  in  gild  of,  i.  67. 

protection  of  gildsmen  of,  i.  69  ;  ii. 
217. 

distinction  between  gild  and  muni- 
cipality at,  i.  67,  69,  70. 

later  identity  of  borough  and  gild  at, 

i.  75- 

gild-hall  of,  i.  81. 
fine  for  hawking  at,  i.  128. 
trading  companies   at,    i.    128,  129, 

164. 

Staple  at,  i.  142. 

statutes  of  gild  merchant  at,  i.  159. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  255. 


444 


Spain,  Hermandad  of,  i.  106. 

affiliation  of  towns  in,  i.  271. 
Spanish  Company,  i.  156. 
Stafford,  daughter  town  of,  i.  244. 
burgesses  of,  in  Newcastle,  ii.  178- 

182. 

Staffordshire  :  see  Lichfield,  Newcastle- 
under-Lyme,  Stafford,  Tamworth, 
Walsall. 

Stamford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 
religious  gild  at,  i.  84. 
petition  for  erection   of,  into  Staple 

refused,  i.  141. 
lawmen  of,  i.  185. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  251. 
Staple,  law  of,  i.  143-144. 
Staple  towns,  i.  141-143. 
fiscal  functions  of,  i.  144. 
mayor  of,  duties  of,  i.  141-143 ;  ap- 
pointed by  king,  i.  144. 
mayor  of,  often  mayor  of  borough, 

i.  145. 

of  England,  Company  of,  i.  145. 
merchants  of  (Staplers),  i.  140-147. 
Statuta   Gilde   (Berwick),   i.    207-213, 

226-240. 

Statute  of  Kilkenny,  i.  1 36. 
Statute  of  Mortmain,  i.  95. 
Stewards,  gild    officials,  i.  26;   ii.  12, 
23.  25,  36,  43,  93-103,  148,  172, 
202-207,  214-215,  237,  238,  240, 
241,  289-347,  353,  375. 
required  to  be  members  of  fraternity, 

i.  42. 

Stirling,  gildry  of,  207,  214,  223. 
one  of  Four  Burghs,  i.  200,  258. 
crafts  of,  i.  223. 
surviving  gilds  of,  i.  226. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Stirlingshire :  see  Kilsyth,  Stirling. 
Stockton,  toll-booth  at,  i.  81. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
laws  of  Newcastle  sent  to,  i.  262. 
Stonehaven,  gildry  of,  i.  207. 
Strangers,   trade    restrictions    imposed 

upon,  by  gild,  i.  43-52. 
forbidden  to  retail  wares,  i.  45  ;    or 
to  trade  in  town  more  than  forty 
days,  i.  47. 

not  allowed  to  trade  together  in  gild 
boroughs,  i.  47. 


Strangers,  provision  for  examination  of 

wares  of,  i.  47. 
gildsmen   not    to   buy    or    sell    for, 

i.  48. 

exemption  from  gild  restrictions  pur- 
chasable by,  i.  49. 
allowed  to  enter  gild,  i.  66,  67. 
Stranraer,  gildry  of,  i   207. 
Stratford,  origin  of  town-hall,  i.  83. 
governing  gild  of,  i.  84. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Succession  to  property,  in  incorporated 

boroughs,  i.  96. 

Successors,  use  of  term,  in  town  char- 
ters, i.  95. 
Suffolk :   see  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Dun- 

wich,  Ipswich,  Orford. 
Sunderland,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15  ;  ii. 

388. 

villeins  in  charter  of,  i.  30. 
mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Sureties  required  from  persons  joining 

gild,  i.  29. 
Surrey :  see  Farnham,  Guildford,  Kings- 

ton-upon-Thames. 

Sussex  :  see  Chichester,  Hastings,  Hor- 
sham,  Lewes,  Pevensey,  Rye,  Sea- 
ford,  Winchelsea. 
Sutherlandshire :  see  Dornoch. 
Swansea,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  1 8  ;   ii. 

234. 
Switzerland,    affiliation    of    towns    in, 

i.  279. 
Swords,  mother  town  of,  i.  252. 

Tain,  gildry  of,  i.  207. 
Tamworth,  mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Tasters,   gild    officials,  i.    27 ;    ii.    98, 

335- 

Taunton,  mother  town  of,  i.  252. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  255. 
Tenby,  daughter  town  of,  i.  252. 
Teutonic  Hanse,  i.  154,  196. 
Thanes'  gild  (Cambridge"),  i.  183. 
Theft,  prevalence  of,  in  Saxon  England , 

i.  3. 
Thegn-right  conferred  by  three  voyages, 

i.  3.  185. 
Thegns,  position  of  in  towns,  i.  184- 

186. 
Thetford,  origin  of  town-hall  of,  i.  83. 


445 


Tholsel  (town-hall),  i.  82. 
Thomastown,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  20. 

mother  town  of,  i.  252. 
Thunresfeld,  Anglo-Saxon  laws  enacted 

at,  i.  178. 
Thurso,  common  bargains  at,  i.  137. 

gildry  of,  i.  207. 
Time,  limit  of,  during  which  merchant 

strangers  might  trade  or  reside  in 

gild  town,  i.  47. 
Tipperary  (Co.) :    see  Cashel,  Clonmel, 

Fethard. 

Tollbooth  (town-hall),  i.  81. 
Toll-house  in  towns,  i.  81. 
Tolls  payable  to  gild  merchant,  i.  29. 
exaction  of,  by  gild  from  strangers, 

i.  43- 
freedom  from,  in  towns,  i.  44,  71,  93, 

97,  104. 
Totnes,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15,  123  ;  ii. 

235-244- 
entrance   fees   to  gild  at,  i.  29 ;   ii. 

240-241. 
liberty  of  gild  at,  purchased  by  Abbey 

of  Buckfastleigh,  i.  40,  67. 
toll   taken  from   non-gildsmen  at,  i. 

44;  ii.  236,237. 
gild   obligations  limited    to    money 

payment  at,  i.  57. 
officials  of  town  and  gild  distinct  at, 

i.63. 

strangers  made  free  of  toll  at,  i.  66. 
select  body  at,  i.  161. 
mother  town  of,  i.  252,  264. 
Town  bargains,  common,  i.   135-138, 

208. 

Town-halls,  history  of,  i.  80-83. 
Towns  :  see  Boroughs. 
Trade,  growth  of,  i.  2-5,  74,  116,  125, 

126,  147,  160. 
freedom  of,  confined  to  gild,  i.  37- 

49- 

Tralee,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  20. 
Treasurer,  gild  official,  i.  28;  ii.  154. 
Trim,  mother  town  of,  i.  253. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  256. 
Truro,  Staple  for  tin  at,  i.  141. 
Tulske,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  20. 
Tyrone  (Co.)  :  see  Dungannon. 

Ulster,  towns  founded  in,  i.  242. 


Usher,  gild  official,  i.  28. 
Utrecht,  hanse  of,  i.  294. 

Villages,  no  gild  merchant  in,  i.  92. 
Villeins,  charters  in  favour  of,  i.  8,  30, 

59- 

disqualified  for  certain  gilds,  i.  30. 

position  of  in  boroughs,  i.  30,  70,  74» 

103. 
Virginia,  gild  merchant  in,  i.  163. 

Wakefield,  moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 

Wales,  list  of  towns  with  gild  merchant, 

i.  16-18. 

town  bargains  in,  i.  136. 
Staple  towns  in,  i.  141-143,  146. 
hanse  in  towns  of,  i.  1 94. 
towns   of,  modelled   after   Hereford, 

i.  257. 
Wallingford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.   15  ; 

ii.  244-248. 

provost   of,    prohibited,  from    inter- 
fering with  gild,  i.  63. 
forinseci  at,  i.  67. 
trading  companies  at,  i.  121,  129. 
in  Domesday,  i.  186. 
mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Walsall,  gild  merchant  at,  i.   15  ;    ii. 

248-250. 

union  of  crafts  at,  i.  121. 
Wardens,  gild  officials,  i.  26 ;  ii.  15,23, 
42,  45,  49,  50,  109,  167,  203,  204, 
207,  242,  248,  380. 
Warwick,  payment  of  fine  in,  i.  59. 

burgher  barons  of,  i.  186. 
Warwickshire :  see  Birmingham,  Coven- 
try, Stratford,  Warwick. 
Waterford  (Co.) :  see  Dungarvan,  Kil- 

meadan,  Waterford. 
Waterford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  20. 
rights  of  censers  at,  i.  50. 
burgesses  swear  to  pay  '  scot  and  lot ' 

at,  i.  55. 

town  bargains  at,  i.  136. 
Staple  at,  i.  141,  146. 
mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  247,  256. 
Wearmouth  :  see  Sunderland. 
Weavers,  limitation  of  rights  of,  i.  108, 

213- 
Wells,  Mercers'  Company  at,  i.  129. 


446 


Wells,  freedom  of,    obtained  through 

crafts,  i.  124. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 
Welshpool,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  18 ;  ii. 

389- 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  194. 
mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Wenlock,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 
Westchep,  mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
West  Looe,  villeinage  at,  i.  30. 
Westmeath  :  see  Athlone. 
Westminster,      Staple      at,      i.     141, 

142. 

daughter  town  of,  i.  253. 
Westmoreland  :  see  Appleby,  Kendal. 
Wexford    (Co.) :     see     Banna,     New- 
borough,  New  Ross,  Wexford. 
Wexford,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  20 ;   ii. 

250-251. 

tholsel  (town-hall)  at,  i.  82. 
Staple  at,  i.  143. 
daughter    -towns    of,    i.    244,    246, 

252. 
Weymouth,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  15. 

mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Whitby,  toll-booth  at,  i.  81. 

mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Wick,  gildry  of,  i.  207. 
Wicklow  (Co.) :  see  Cariesfort,  Wick- 
low. 

Wicklow,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  20. 
Wigan,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16. 
levelookers    or    gatewaiters    of,     i. 

27. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  194. 
Wigtonshire :  see  Stranraer. 
William  I,  ports  and  roads  opened  by, 

i.  2. 

security  of  trade  under,  i.  2. 
Wilton,   gild   merchant   at,   i.   16 ;    ii. 

251,389- 

mother  town  of,  i.  253,  259. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  244,  254,  255. 
Wiltshire :    see   Calne,   Devizes,    Mal- 
mesbury,  Marlborough,  Salisbury, 
Wilton. 

Winchelsea,  mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Winchester,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16,  123, 

189;  ii.  252-270,  390-391. 
firma  burgi  at,  i.  6. 
gild  feasts  at,  i.  33. 


Winchester,  gild  causes  decay  of  trade 

of,  i.  52. 
collection  of  dues  by  gild  merchant 

at,  i.  58  ;  ii.  254-256. 
right  of  bishop's  tenants  to  trade  in, 

i.  68. 
charter  to  citizens  of  gild  of,  i.  70, 

71,  105- 

gild-hall  of,  i.  80. 
gemot-hus  at  (901),  i.  81. 
exclusion  of  craftsmen  from  burghal 

rights  at,  i.  108. 

settlement  of  dyers,  fullers,  and  wea- 
vers at,  i.  109. 
craft  gilds  of,  i.  114. 
Staple  of,  i.  141,  142. 
suit  against  non-gildsman  for  trading 

at,  i.  163. 

cnihts'gild  at,  i.  188. 
hantachensele  (gild-hall)  at,  i.  196. 
daughter  towns  of,  i.  88,   243,   255, 

257.  258. 

mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Windsor,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16 ;   ii. 

270-272. 

town  meetings  at,  i.  32. 
freedom  of,  obtained  through  crafts, 

i.  124. 

retailing  of  wares  at,  i.  128. 
select  body  at,  i.  161. 
daughter  town  of,  i.  253. 
Wisbeach,  gild  officials  at,  i.  26. 

religious  gild  of,  i.  84. 
Witnesses,  official,  in  boroughs,  i.  31. 
Women,  members  of  gild  merchant,  i. 

30- 

in  brewing  trade,  i.  30. 
excluded  from  burgess-ship,  i.  66. 
Woodbury,  Saxon  gild  at,  i.  181,  183. 
Woodstock,  gild  merchant  of,  i.  16  ;   ii. 

392. 

mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Worcester,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16 ;  ii. 
272-276. 

days  of  court  leet  and  gild  distinct 
at,  i.  65. 

tolsey  (gild-hall)  at,  i.  82. 

gild-hall  and  tollbooth  at,  i.  82. 

petition  of,  for  erection  into  Staple  re- 
fused, i.  141. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  1 64. 


447 


Worcester,  hanse  charter  of,  i.  194. 
Worcestershire :  see  Evesham,  Worces- 
ter. 
Wycombe,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16 ;    ii. 

276-277. 
officials  of  town  and  gild  distinct  at, 

i.  63;  ii.  277. 
weavers   admitted  to  gild  merchant 

at,  i.  108. 
cnihts  at,  i.  188. 


Vermouth  (Great),  gild  merchant  at,  i. 

16  ;  ii.  277-279,  392. 
gild  officers  of,  i.  27. 
gild  feasts  at,  i.  33  ;  ii.  292. 
religious  element  in  gild  at,  i.  34. 
charters  of  trading  towns  entered  on 

records  of,  i.  44. 
moot-hall  at,  i.  81. 
toll-house  at,  i.  81. 
corporation  of,  i.  94. 
Corpus  Christi  Gild  of,  i.  119. 
trade  of,  regulated  by  leet,  i.  125. 
Staple  at,  i.  141. 
Merchant  Adventurers  at,  i.  151. 
exactions  by  bailiffs  of,  levied  on  men 

of  Grimsby,  i.  195. 
mother  town  of,  i.  253. 
Yarmouth   (Little),  dispute  with  bur- 


gesses    of     Great     Yarmouth,    i. 

94- 

York,  gild  merchant  at,  i.  16  ;   ii.  21, 
279-285. 

decline  of,  i.  52. 

distinction  between    town   and  gild 
officials  of,  i.  63. 

origin  of  town-hall  of,  i.  83. 

right  of  weavers  of,  to  make  cloth  in 
county,  i.  108. 

rights    of   craftsmen   in  election  of 
mayor  of,  i.  in. 

charter  to  weavers  of,  i.  115. 

crafts  in,  i.  129. 

Merchants'  Company  of,  i.  139. 

Staple  at,  i.  141. 

Merchant    Adventurers  at,    i.    150, 
152. 

survival  of  gilds  at,  i.  164. 

civic  barons  of,  i.  186. 

hanse  charter  of,  i.  194,  197. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  254,  258. 
Yorkshire:  see  Beverley, Bradford,  Don- 
caster,  Hedon,  Hull,  Leeds,  Pon- 
tefract,    Ravenspurne,    Richmond, 
Ripon,      Scarborough,      Sheffield, 
Wakefield,  Whitby,  York. 
Youghal,  Staple  at,  i.  143  ;  ii.  285-288. 

mother  town  of,  i.  253. 

daughter  towns  of,  i.  256. 


THE  END. 


BINDING  SECT.   JUL  7    1967 


Groes,  Charles 

6460       The  gild  merchant 
G?6 

v.2 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY